Oxbow Fall Chinook Hatchery Program

Stuart Rosenberger

Lyons Ferry Hatchery

• Source of Eyed eggs for IPC Fall Chinook Program

Oxbow Hatchery Lyons Ferry Hatchery Flow Clearwater Irrigon and Washington 8 6 4 River 9 Umatilla Hatcheries Columbia 7 5 3 River 10 2

14 11 13 12 Oregon 1 Hells Canyon Dam Grande Imnaha Salmon Ronde River River River N Idaho Snake River 0 Oxbow Hatchery 50 50 Flow Approximate o o Latitude 45-47 Longitude 116-118

Connor et al. 2004 Oxbow Hatchery

1910 Oxbow Hatchery

Built in 1961 as an “experimental hatchery facility”

1964 Oxbow Hatchery

1) Spring Chinook Broodstock Facility

2) Steelhead Broodstock and Incubation Facility

3) Subyearling Fall Chinook Incubation and Rearing Facility

200,000 subyearling capacity

100% Funded by Idaho Power Company Operated by Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game Umatilla/Irrigon Hatcheries

800,000 Subyearlings to meet 1 Million Mitigation Goal

Irrigon Hatchery; BY2010 to Present

Umatilla Hatchery; BY2002 to BY2009 Program Goals

• Mitigation Goal: 1,000,000 smolts

• No In-hatchery or Post-release Performance Goals

• No Adult Return Goals

Fish Box: Oxbow Trap (October 1958) M&E Objectives

• Evaluate rearing and release strategies to increase juvenile survival and adult returns

• Participate in regional efforts (run reconstruction, coordination meetings, etc.) to evaluate Snake River fall Chinook Hatchery Production and Survival Data

• Broodstock Performance • In-Hatchery Survival • Juvenile Releases and Survival • Adult Production and Productivity Hatchery Production and Survival Data In-Hatchery Survival 120.0% Oxbow Umatilla/Irrigon

100.0%

80.0%

60.0%

40.0% Eyed Egg to Release Survival to Release Egg Eyed 20.0%

0.0%

Brood Year Hatchery Production and Survival Data Eyed Eggs Requested/Received

1,200,000

1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000 Eyed Eggs Received Eggs Eyed

200,000

Brood Year Hatchery Production and Survival Data Juvenile Releases

1,200,000 Oxbow Umatilla/Irrigon 1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000 Number of Fish Released Fish of Number 200,000

Brood Year Hatchery Production and Survival Data Juvenile Survival to LGR

100.0% Oxbow Umatilla/Irrigon 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% Percent Survival 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%

Brood Year Disease and Pathology

• No disease issues encountered (2000 – 2012)

• Coagulated yolk in BY 2012 at Irrigon; resulted in a lower than normal eyed egg to smolt survival (avg. 93%, BY2012 83%) Program Summary

• Consistent high survival during hatchery culture • High variability in the number of eggs received • Relatively high post-release survival • Met mitigation goal 2 out of 13 brood years M&E Outlook

• Continued monitoring of hatchery production and productivity measures

• PIT tagging – Migration timing and Survival – In-stream PIT Arrays

• Parental Based Tagging (PBT) – Stock Identification – ?????

Moving Forward

• Continue to mitigate for lost sport and tribal fishing opportunity • Expanded coordination between state, tribal, and federal biologists and managers • Program direction incorporates current and emerging science – HSRG review – Hatchery and Genetic Management Plan (HGMP)

2 Recurring Questions 1) Where did IPC’s Fall Chinook Mitigation goal come from?

1) Where did IPC’s Fall Chinook Mitigation goal come from?

2) Why is it Only 1 Million Fish? 1980 Hells Canyon Settlement Agreement

• 5 Petitioners: 1977 National Marine Fisheries Service Idaho Department of Fish and Game Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Washington Department of Fisheries Washington Department of Game Mitigation

• 1. Loss Above Oxbow Dam (Highest Counts @ Oxbow Fish Trap (1957-1977)) – Fall Chinook (17,800) – Spring/Summer Chinook (2,700) – Steelhead (5,000)

• 2. Loss Between Hells Canyon an Oxbow Dams (Difference between Oxbow 1964 and HC 1967) – Fall Chinook (6,600) – Spring/Summer Chinook (1,400) – Steelhead (5,000)

Mitigation

• Total Loss

– Chinook : 28,500 / .71% SAR = 4 Million Chinook

– Steelhead: 10,000 / .32% SAR = 3.2Million Steelhead Mitigation

• Total Loss – Chinook: 28,500 / .71% SAR = 4 Million Chinook • 3 million Spring Chinook @ Rapid River • 1 million Summer Chinook @ Pahsimeroi

Mitigation

• Total Loss – Chinook 28,500 / .71% SAR = 4 Million Chinook • 3 million Spring Chinook @ Rapid River • 1 million Summer Chinook @ Pahsimeroi

– Steelhead 10,000 / .32% SAR = 3.2Million Steelhead (400,000 lbs) • 400,000 lbs @ Niagara Springs ( 1.8 million)

῀ Mitigation

• What about Fall Chinook????

Oxbow Hatchery 1964 Mitigation

• 1. Loss Above Oxbow Dam (Highest Counts @ Oxbow Fish Trap (1957-1977)) – Fall Chinook (17,800) – Spring/Summer Chinook (2,700) – Steelhead (5,000) 86%

• 2. Loss Between Hells Canyon an Oxbow Dams (Difference between Oxbow 1964 and HC 1967) – Fall Chinook (6,600) – Spring/Summer Chinook (1,400) – Steelhead (5,000)

Mitigation

• Total Loss – Chinook 28,500 * .71% SAR = 4 Million Chinook • 3 million Spring Chinook @ Rapid River • 1 million Summer Chinook @ Pahsimeroi

– Steelhead 10,000 * .32% SAR = 3.2Million Steelhead (400,000 lbs) • 400,000 lbs @ Niagara Springs ( 1.8 million)

῀ Fall Chinook Mitigation

• 1958: 32,000 FACH estimated in Snake R. – 17,800 counted @ Oxbow Fish Trap – 5,000 expected to spawn in future ACOE projects

= 9,200 expected to spawn from Lewiston to HCD

Fall Chinook Mitigation

• 1958: 32,000 FACH estimated in Snake R. – 17,800 counted @ Oxbow Fish Trap – 5,000 expected to spawn in future ACOE projects

= 9,200 expected to spawn from Lewiston to HCD

1:1 Male/Female = 4,600 redds

Fall Chinook Mitigation

• 1958: 32,000 FACH estimated in Snake R. – 17,800 counted @ Oxbow Fish Trap – 5,000 expected to spawn in future ACOE projects = 9,200 expected to spawn from Lewiston to HCD

1:1 Male/Female = 4,600 redds

Estimated a maximum of 20% of redds dewatered = 920 redds lost

Fall Chinook Mitigation

• 1958: 32,000 FACH estimated in Snake R. – 17,800 counted @ Oxbow Fish Trap – 5,000 expected to spawn in future ACOE projects = 9,200 expected to spawn from Lewiston to HCD

1:1 Male/Female = 4,600 redds

Estimated a maximum of 20% of redds dewatered = 920 redds lost

5,000 eggs/redd and 10% egg to smolt survival = 460,000 smolts lost

Fall Chinook Mitigation

• 1958: 32,000 FACH estimated in Snake R. – 17,800 counted @ Oxbow Fish Trap – 5,000 expected to spawn in future ACOE projects = 9,200 expected to spawn from Lewiston to HCD

1:1 Male/Female = 4,600 redds

Estimated a maximum of 20% of redds dewatered = 920 redds lost

5,000 eggs/redd and 10% egg to smolt survival = 460,000 smolts lost

460,000 * 2 (unaccounted loss) = 920,000 smolts lost

Current mitigation for operational losses = 1 million smolts IPC USACE Agreement

• “Licensee will contract with appropriate state and federal agencies or otherwise provide for the trapping of sufficient fall Chinook salmon and the fertilizing and eyeing up of sufficient eggs to permit up to 1,000,000 fall Chinook smolts” 1980 HCSA

• 1961-1970 > 50% prespawn mortality at Oxbow Hatchery IPC USACE Agreement

• 1984 IPC/USACE Agreement

• “Corps agrees to design, construct, and make operational sufficient capacity in its Lyons Ferry Hatchery to accommodate the annual trapping, holding, and spawning of an adequate number of adult Snake River fall Chinook to reasonably produce 1,300,000 eyed eggs” (for IPC)

• Eggs made available to IPC after 80% of egg quota is met

• IPC - $224,000 toward construction costs at Lyons Ferry Hatchery for fall Chinook eggs to meet mitigation obligation

US V OR Agreement (2008-2017) Hatchery Production and Survival Data Juvenile Releases

1,200,000 Oxbow Umatilla/Irrigon 1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000 Number of Fish Released Fish of Number 200,000

Brood Year Questions??? Initial Trapping/Spawning

Brood Number Number PrespawnFemales Males Eggs Number Percent Eggs Eggs Fry Year Trapped Received Mortality Spawned Spawned Collected Fecundity Eyed Eye-up DistributedReceived Released 1961 6,659 63.0% 397 206 1,668,900 4,204 1,466,752 87.89% 329,552 0 601,636 1962 2,402 819 31.4% 424 205 2,015,000 4,752 1,911,500 94.86% 477,000 0 1,100,119 1963 945 614 54.6% 202 89 774,000 3,832 558,100 72.11% 0 0 495,540 1964 1,503 504 27.3% 163 79 779,000 4,779 716,900 92.03% 0 24,408 650,460 1965 1,584 1,576 63.8% 119 ? 545,200 4,582 497,000 91.16% 0 0 214,720 1966 3,612 3,557 38.9% 409 ? 1,691,126 4,135 1,582,670 93.59% 0 0 1,473,590 1967 1,249 1,235 64.7% 217 ? 821,890 3,788 798,900 97.20% 0 0 202,350 1968 412 403 22.5% 75 ? 274,030 3,654 266,871 97.39% 0 0 255,536 1969 50 50 ? 11 ? 54,990 4,999 50,591 92.00% 0 500,000 497,298 1970 48 12 100.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1971 4 4 100.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1972 7 2 100.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1973 1 1 100.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1974 15 15 0.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1975 13 13 0.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1976 0 0 0.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1977 4 4 0.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1978 1 1 0.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0 1979 8 0 0.0% 0 0 0 n/a 0 n/a 0 0 0