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Mediterranean Marine Science Mediterranean Marine Science Vol. 22, 2021 Species and habitats of conservation interest in the Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area of the Strait of Sicily: a contribution towards the creation of a Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance CONSOLI PIERPAOLO Zoological Station Anton Dohrn (SZN), Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Messina, Italy & Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Milazzo (ME), Italy ALTOBELLI CHIARA Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Palermo, Italy & National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, Italy PERZIA PATRIZIA Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Palermo, Italy BO MARZIA Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Genova, Italy ROSSO ANTONIETTA Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Scienze della Terra, Catania, Italy ALONGI GIUSEPPINA Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Biologia vegetale, Catania, Italy SERIO DONATELLA Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Biologia vegetale, http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 06/10/2021 09:44:34 | Catania, Italy CANESE SIMONEPIETRO Zoological Station Anton Dohrn (SZN), Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Napoli, Italy ROMEO TERESA Zoological Station Anton Dohrn (SZN), Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Messina, Italy & Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Milazzo (ME), Italy ANDALORO FRANCO Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Palermo, Italy & Zoological Station Anton Dohrn (SZN), Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Palermo, Italy https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.25125 Copyright © 2021 Mediterranean Marine Science To cite this article: CONSOLI, P., ALTOBELLI, C., PERZIA, P., BO, M., ROSSO, A., ALONGI, G., SERIO, D., CANESE, S., ROMEO, T., & ANDALORO, F. (2021). Species and habitats of conservation interest in the Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area of the Strait of Sicily: a contribution towards the creation of a Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance. Mediterranean Marine Science, 22(2), 297-316. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.25125 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 06/10/2021 09:44:35 | Research Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.25125 Species and habitats of conservation interest in the Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area of the Strait of Sicily: a contribution towards the creation of a Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance Pierpaolo CONSOLI1,2, Chiara ALTOBELLI3,4, Patrizia PERZIA3, Marzia BO5, Antonietta ROSSO6, Giuseppina ALONGI7, Donatella SERIO7, Simonepietro CANESE8, Teresa ROMEO1,2 and Franco ANDALORO3,9 1 Zoological Station Anton Dohrn (SZN), Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Messina, Italy 2 Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Milazzo, Italy 3 Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Palermo, Italy 4 National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, Italy 5 University of Genoa, Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Genoa, Italy 6 University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Earth Sciences, Catania, Italy 7 University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Plant Biology, Catania, Italy 8 Zoological Station Anton Dohrn (SZN), Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Napoli, Italy 9 Zoological Station Anton Dohrn (SZN), Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Palermo, Italy Corresponding author: [email protected] Contributing Editor: Vasilis GEROVASILEIOU Received: 22 Octber 2020; Accepted: 5 March 2021; Published online: 10 May 2021 Abstract In 2015, the Strait of Sicily, which includes several banks, was candidate as a future Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI) by the Contracting Parties of the Barcelona Convention. In this context, the present study aims to provide the first biological and ecological characterisation of this poorly known area, focusing on habitats and species of conservation concern. Surveys were carried through a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and allowed the identification of 19 habitat types, most- ly considered of priority interest by the SPA/BD Protocol of the Barcelona Convention. A total of 269 taxa were also identified, mostly Porifera, Cnidaria and Pisces, among which 115 species are of conservation concern according to the IUCN (IUCN) Red Lists, the Habitats Directive, the Bern Convention, the SPA/BD Protocol and CITES. ROV surveys allowed some interesting ob- servations on poorly known species and habitats. Results underlined that remarkable discrepancies in species conservation status assessment exist between the several lists of protected species considered. The IUCN Red Lists, although not legally binding for European States, are the most complete, but, in spite of this, the conservation policies in the EU are largely focused on the Habitats Directive, which is really not exhaustive. An exhaustive and legally binding instrument to protect species of conservation concern at European scale is highly recommended. Acquired results could be useful for the delimitation of a future SPAMI or a network of Marine Protected Areas (including the investigated banks) and the identification of zones within them suitable for different area-based management measures. Keywords: Biodiversity; environmental protection; epibenthos; habitat; Habitats Directive; IUCN Red List; Mediterranean Sea banks; SPA/BD Protocol. Introduction perturbations (Worm et al., 2006; Danovaro et al., 2008; Cardinale et al., 2012; Hooper et al., 2012). The Mediterranean Sea is considered a hot spot of In the last decades, the deficient conservation status of biodiversity with approximately 17,000 marine species many biota has led to initiatives aimed at halting the loss (Coll et al., 2010; Costello et al., 2010). Since the begin- of biodiversity (Ban et al., 2014; Boyes & Elliot, 2014). ning of the Anthropocene, following the industrial rev- The main international actions for the protection of coast- olution, biodiversity loss accelerated massively (Rock- al and marine habitats are the Washington Convention on ström et al., 2009a, 2009b) impacting marine ecosystem International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna services, and increasingly impairing the ocean’s capacity and Flora (CITES; UNEP, 1973), the Bern Convention to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from (Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habi- Medit. Mar. Sci., 22/2 2021, 297-316 297 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 06/10/2021 09:44:35 | tats; Council of Europe, 1979), the United Nations Con- Vecchia Banks in the Strait of Sicily and indicated that vention on Biological Diversity (CBD; UNEP, 1992), the they represent unknown hot spots of biodiversity threat- Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Bio- ened by human activities in the wide and diversified ‘Sic- logical Diversity in the Mediterranean (SPA/BD Proto- ily Channel’ EBSA. According to Altobelli et al. (2017) col) of the Barcelona Convention (UNEP/MAP, 1995) and Consoli et al. (2018), fishing, marine debris, inva- and the International Union for Conservation of Nature sive alien species and oil and gas extraction represent (IUCN, 2015). The Habitats Directive (EU, 1992) and the major pressures and threats to these banks. Using a the Birds Directive (EU, 2009), allowing the establish- semi-quantitative methodology, Altobelli et al. (2017) ment of the largest continent-wide Natura 2000 network also showed that these banks could represent eligible of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs; Hochkirch et sites for the implementation of efficient and realistic al., 2013), and the Marine Strategy Framework Direc- area-based management measures (SPAMI, MPAs), as tive (EU, 2008) are among the most important European expected by the 2015 RAC/SPA meeting to be able to Union directives on this topic. guarantee protection and sustainable use. In the Mediterranean Sea, the SPA/BD Protocol of In light of this, the main aim of the present research the Barcelona Convention (UNEP/MAP, 1995) led to the was to provide a useful baseline for the establishment of establishment of 32 Specially Protected Areas of Medi- a future SPAMI associated with these banks by assessing terranean Importance (SPAMIs), in order to promote co- species and habitat diversity with a particular focus on operation in the management and conservation of natural those of conservation concern according to the main in- areas, as well as in the protection of threatened species ternational conservation policies. and their habitats. In 2015, during the second meeting of the RAC/SPA (Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas), Material and Methods established by the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols in order to assist Mediterra- Study area nean countries in implementing the SPA/BD
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