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LIBRARY IRC PO Box 93190, 2509 AD THE HAGUE fet.:+31 70 30 680 98 Fax: +3t 70 35 899 64 DFID Department for International Development /-—•-- '-•-"7 ^ '""''. -' -rai.- 34S . E -•- "T 3'I - f ^ -I-'' '- ^- DIRECTORY The Water and Environmental Sanitation Secto Indin i r a Profiles of Government and Donor Programmes .:«;• All photographs by GUYSTUBBS/ Water Environmentaland Sanitation South- Asia Foreword It is now twenty months since the Department for International Development (DFID) India published the first Directory for the Water and Environmental Sanitation Sector in India. The Directory has been well received by the Government of India, bilateral and multilateral support agencies and others interested in the field of development co-operation in water and environmental sanitatio usefuprovea s e Indiaha n b i d ldo t referenc ,an e document. Twenty month lona s i g tim developmenten i . entrieMane firse th f th ty o directorysn i , particularl contactsy listke e f yth so , have become outdated addition I . n comments received have highlighted additional information whic usefulln hca e yb included in future editions. In this context, DFID Indi pleaseas i presendo t t this updated director Watee Environmentad th f yan ro l Sanitation Secton i r India to all those working towards provision of sustainable services to poor people, as a key step in the elimination of poverty. The concept of the Directory remains unchanged; a reference work which brings together information on contacts, policies and project thr sfo e organisations listed. Significant change thin si s second editioinclusioe th e nar f informationo n about additional Central Government Ministries additioe th indicativ n d a f n,an o governmenn eno lis f o t t organisations workingn i the Water and Environmental Sanitation Sector in India. increasingls Ii t y recognised that drinkin consideree b t g wateno n isolationn dca ri , tha l demandal t s mus managee b t df i sustainabilit achieved e source b th o f t Ministrie ye o es i Th . Watef so r Resources, Irrigatio Agricultured nan Centrae th d l,an Ground Water Boar l havdal e substantial role overale plao sth t n yi l developmen managemend an t f wateo t r resourcen si India. The Governmen f Indi acknowledgeo ts aha mandprogrammen i s it f yo role playese th e b tha n non-governmeny db ca t d tan community organisation provision si f sustainablno e service poor sfo r people. Many such organisation worw partsno n ki - nership with people and government to address poverty. Despite these additions lise f organisationo tth , s include Directore th fror n di fa ms yi exhaustive. DFID India welcomes comment furthed san r input both from those organisation havo sewh contribute thido t s edition otherd an , s activ thn ei e sector. hopes Ii t d that editio thiw Directore sne th f no y will continu encourageo t e closer collaboration betwee l actore nal th n si sector, and will assist in dialogue on a consistent approach to improved provision of water and environmental sanitation service pooe th India n i ro s t . DFID India would lik acknowledgeo t suppore eth co-operatiod an t l thos al havo f no e ewh contribute edition thiw do t sne . Delhw Ne i Robert Graham-Harrison Head, DFID India January 2001 ~] Contents Water and Sanitation - The Indian Context 6 Governmen f Indio t a Organisations Ministry of Agriculture 13 Ministry of Rural Development 19 5 2 Ministry Urbanof Affairs Employmentand 3 3 Ministry Waterof Resources Rajiv Gandhi National5 4 Drinking Water Mission Central Ground Water Board 53 9 5 CAPART Donor Agencies 5 6 Asian Development Bank 3 7 AusAID Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) 77 DANIDA 83 Danlda's Watershed Development Co-ordination Unit 87 1 9 DFID (India) EUROPEAN UNION 101 Embassy of France 105 Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations 111 The Ford Foundation 113 GTZ India 119 Japan Bank r Internationalfo Co-operation 123 KfW 129 Netherlands Development Co-operation 135 Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation 13 9 Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency 145 United Nations Development Program 147 UNESCO 151 United Nations Inter Agency Working Group S W - 157 UNICEF 161 USAID - Regional Urban Development Office 171 Water and Sanitaion Program - South Asia <WSP - SA> 175 World Bank Infrastructure Unit 179 World Bank Rural Development Unit 181 World Health Organization \ 85 Water India- d Ai 191 An Indicative List of NGOs in Water and Environmental Sector 197 Some Wate Environmentad ran 6 20 l Sanitation Sites Further Reading 208 Index 210 7V?e Water Environmentald an Sanitation Sector Indian I Water and Sanitation - The Indian Context Some facts Water is one of nature's most abundant and useful compounds. Of the many essential elements for human existence, water is of greatest importance. Over two-third humae th f so n bod constituteys i f waterdo foro t plantN i f mlife. o e ,b , anima humanr o l , can exist without water. Civilisations have evolved and developed around water bodies as most human activities, including agriculture and industry, depend on water. At the same time water is also a source of conflict and problems. Earte r centh covereOves f hpe I o t 0 7 r d with water .world' e r cenNearlth f pe o t 7 sy9 wate salts i r r otherwisyo e undrinkable. Another two per cent is locked in ice caps and glaciers. That leaves just one per cent for all of humanity's needs - all its agricultural, residential, manufacturing, community and personal needs. In 1990, more than 335 million world' e ofth s 5.3 billion people live water-stressedn i water-scarcr do e countries. About one-fifth world'e oth f s population lacks acces safo st e drinking water witd han , present consumptio f everno patternt you thre o stw e persons on the earth will live in water-stressed conditions by 2025. Pollution, scarcity of water resources and climate change will be the major emerging issues in the next century'. Water pollution adds enormously to existing problems of water scarcity by removing large volume f wateso r fro available mth e supply pollutioe Th . n threa particularls i t y serious whe t naffecti s ground water supplies, where contamination is slow to dilute and purification measures are costly. Indian Water Resources rainfale Mosth f Indito n i l a takes place unde influence rth Soutf eo h West monsoon between Jun Septembereo t . Rainfal Indin i l a shows great variations, unequal seasonal distribution, still more unequal geographical distribution frequend ,an t departures from the normal. India is a land of many rivers. Its geographical area is criss-crossed by a large number of small and big rivers, some of them figuring amongs mighte th t y worldrivere th f so . National Water Resource Glanca t sa e Description Quantity Annual Precipitation Volume (Including snowfall) 4000 cu km Average Annual Potential Flo wRivern i s m 186k u 9c Estimated Utilisable Water Resources m k u c 0 69 Surface Water Resources m k u c 2 43 Ground Water Resources Total 1122cukm Global Environment Outlook 2000 Unitee th , d Nations Environment Program's millennium report. 1 Water Sanitationand IndianThe • Context Achievements and Future Directions five eth decaden I s since independence, Indi witnesses aha d phenomenal developmen watef o t r resource maine hasd th sn i an , successfully met the demand of water for many of the diverse uses in the country. Consequently, the country has achieved self- sufficienc foodgrainsyn i . Investments made durin lase gth t fifty year watesn i r related infrastructur countre th en i y have resulted rapin i d expansio urbane th n i , energ industriad yan l sectors. Infrastructur safr efo e drinking wate bees ha rn provide aboudo t t 85 per cent of India's urban and rural population2. However, there remain significant challenges in providing sustainable serv- ices, especially for the poorest and hard to reach. India's irrigated agriculture secto bees rha n fundamenta economis it o lt c developmen povertd tan y alleviation rapie dTh . expan- sion of irrigation and drainage infrastructure has been one of India's major achievements. From 1951 to 1997, gross irrigated areas expanded four-fold, from 23 million ha to 90 million ha3. However, this achievement has been at the cost of groundwater depletion, water-loggin increasinn i d gan g salinity levels affecting large areas. Wit rapie hth d population growth since independence, wate becomins ri increasingln ga y scarce resourc countrye th en i . Despite this, water continues to be used inefficiently on a daily basis in all sectors. At independence, the population was less than 400 capitr milliope ad nwatean r availability over 5,000 cubic meter year spe r (m3/capita/yr). Today, fifty years later populatioe th , n has grow billio1 wated no t nan r availabilit falles yha hardlno t y more than 2000 mj/capita/yr situatioe Th . alreadhs i y criticat a l river basin and local levels: six of India's twenty major river basins have a water availability of less than 1000 m'/capita/yr, and environmental problems and localised shortages are endemic in all basins". India's finit fragild ean e water resource stressee sar depletingd dan , while sectoral demands (including drinking water, industry, agriculture, and others) are growing rapidly in line with urbanisation, population increases, rising incomes and induslrialgrowth. Thiresultes sha declinindn i capitr gpe a availabilit deterioratind yan g quality.