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T H A M E S V A L L E Y AARRCCHHAAEEOOLLOOGGIICCAALL S E R V I C E S S O U T H Ditton Laboratories, Kiln Barn Road, Ditton, Kent An archaeological desk-based assessment by Sean Wallis Site Code DLD10/104 (TQ 7160 5695) Ditton Laboratories, Kiln Barn Road, Ditton, Kent An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment for Millwood Designer Homes Ltd by Sean Wallis Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd Site Code DLD 10/104 October 2010 Summary Site name: Ditton Laboratories, Kiln Barn Road, Ditton, Kent Grid reference: TQ 7160 5695 Site activity: Desk-based assessment Project manager: Sean Wallis Site supervisor: Sean Wallis Site code: DLD 10/104 Area of site: c. 1.95 ha Summary of results: The site lies in an area of low archaeological potential, as evidenced by the paucity of archaeological entries in the Kent HER. Much of the site has been considerably impacted upon by buildings associated with the Ditton Laboratory, and by the landscaping of the areas between these buildings. It is possible that sub-surface archaeological remains may have survived in the far eastern part of the site, which has not been significantly developed. If any archaeological mitigation is required, it may be appropriate for an archaeological watching brief to be carried out during groundworks in this area. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford9 26.10.10 Steve Preston9 26.10.10 i TVAS (South),77a Hollingdean Terrace, Brighton BN1 7HB Tel. (01273) 554 198; Fax (01273) 564 043; email [email protected]; website : www.tvas.co.uk Ditton Laboratories, Kiln Barn Road, Ditton, Kent An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment by Sean Wallis Report 10/104 Introduction This desk-based study is an assessment of the archaeological potential of an irregular parcel of land located to the east of Kiln Barn Road, Ditton, Kent (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Mr Pete Bland, of Millwood Designer Homes Ltd, Bordyke End, East Street, Tonbridge, Kent, TH9 1HA, and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area. Planning permission is to be sought from Tonbridge and Malling Borough Council for the redevelopment of the site for housing. The desk-based assessment will provide information on the heritage assets present on the site and on its archaeological potential, in order to inform the planning process. Site description, location and geology The proposed development area is centred TQ 7160 5695, and is situated on the east side of Kiln Barn Road, just over 1km south of the historic core of Ditton, Kent (Fig. 1). Ditton sits west of Maidstone within a broad bend of the river Medway where its course north is blocked by the south-facing scarp of the North Downs until it breaks through at Halling. According to the British Geological Survey, the underlying geology consists of the sandy limestone and calcareous sand of the Hythe Beds (BGS 1993). The western part of the site is currently occupied by various buildings associated with the Ditton Laboratory, with the earliest dating from the 1930s. Much of the ground between the buildings has been landscaped to some degree, with many areas covered in Tarmac; the main building has a basement. The main laboratory building, along with most of its smaller ancillary structures, are currently derelict, but the house in the north-west corner of the site has recently been converted into a hostel for fruit pickers. The large buildings, in the central part of the proposed site, are still operational, and are associated with the packaging of fruit produce. The far eastern part of the proposed site consists of fruit tree orchards and a small area of scrub. Although the area slopes down gently towards the north, from c.39m to c.36m AOD, most of the site has been landscaped and is relatively flat. 1 Planning background and development proposals Planning permission is to be sought from Tonbridge and Malling Borough Council for the redevelopment of the site for housing. It is proposed to demolish most of the existing structures on site, and construct 35 new houses, as shown on Fig. 11. The Department for Communities and Local Government’s Planning Policy Statement, Planning for the Historic Environment (PPS5 2010) sets out policies relating to archaeology, and other aspects of the historic environment, within the planning process. It requires an applicant for planning consent to provide, as part of any application, sufficient information to enable the local planning authority to assess the significance of any heritage assets that may be affected by the proposal. Policy HE6.1 states that ‘Local planning authorities should require an applicant to provide a description of the significance of the heritage assets affected and the contribution of their setting to that significance. The level of detail should be proportionate to the importance of the heritage asset and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on the significance of the heritage asset. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets themselves should have been assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary given the application’s impact. Where an application site includes, or is considered to have the potential to include, heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where desk-based research is insufficient to properly assess the interest, a field evaluation.’ [on which, see below]. PPS5 makes the significance of any ‘heritage asset’ a material consideration in the planning process, regardless of whether that asset is ‘designated’ or not, and places on local planning authorities the responsibility to weigh the benefits of a proposed development against any loss of significance in a heritage asset. Designated assets include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Battlefields, Conservation Areas, Listed Buildings and Registered Parks and Gardens. Policy HE9.1: There should be a presumption in favour of the conservation of designated heritage assets and the more significant the designated heritage asset, the greater the presumption in favour of its conservation should be. Once lost, heritage assets cannot be replaced and their loss has a cultural, environmental, economic and social impact. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. Loss affecting any designated heritage asset should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, including scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings and grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional.’ Policy HE9.6 ‘HE9.6 There are many heritage assets with archaeological interest that are not currently designated as scheduled monuments, but which are demonstrably of equivalent significance. These include heritage assets: ‘• that have yet to be formally assessed for designation ‘• that have been assessed as being designatable, but which the Secretary of State has decided not to designate; or 2 ‘• that are incapable of being designated by virtue of being outside the scope of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. ‘The absence of designation for such heritage assets does not indicate lower significance and they should be considered subject to the policies in HE9.1 to HE9.4 and HE10.’ Proposals for development which would have an adverse impact on assets not so designated must be weighed against the significance of the asset. Policy HE10 states: ‘When considering applications for development that affect the setting of a heritage asset, local planning authorities should treat favourably applications that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset. When considering applications that do not do this, local planning authorities should weigh any such harm against the wider benefits of the application. The greater the negative impact on the significance of the heritage asset, the greater the benefits that will be needed to justify approval.’ The accompanying Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide (DCLG et al. 2010) clarifies what is meant by field evaluation: paragraph 62 states: ‘Where a desk-based assessment does not provide sufficient evidence for confident prediction of the impact of the proposal, it may be necessary to establish the extent, nature and importance of the asset’s significance through on-site evaluation. This may be achieved through a number of techniques, some of which may potentially be harmful to the asset and will need careful consideration. These include ground-penetrating radar, trial-trenching, test-pitting, field-walking, x-ray and other forms of remote-sensing, geo-archaeological borehole investigation, opening-up and building analysis and recording…Evaluation is normally a rapid operation. It is designed to inform the decision-making process.’ Early consultation between the applicant and the local planning authority is stressed as important in the process in paragraphs 63–6. Paragraph 130: ‘Where development will lead to loss of a material part of the significance of a heritage asset, policy HE12.3 requires local planning authorities to ensure that developers take advantage of the opportunity to advance our understanding of the past before the asset or the relevant part is irretrievably lost. As this is the only opportunity to do this it is important that: ‘1.