REPORT TO THE STATE OF MARYLAND UNDER HB 1160 SAFE SCHOOLS ACT OF 2010

Maryland Statistical Analysis Center Governor‟s Office of Crime Control & Prevention June 30, 2011

“Gangs affect all Marylanders, no county nor region is immune.”i 1

Table of Contents:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…...………………….…………………………….… …. 4 MARYLAND’S CRIMINAL GANG LAWS……………………………………… 7 Criminal Gang………………………………………………………… 7 Pattern of Criminal Gang Activity……………………………………... 7 Criminal Gang Activity in School……………………………………… 8 MARYLAND STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (MSDE) MODEL GANG POLICY…………………………………………………………………….... 8 Model Procedures for Reporting Suspected Gang Activity…………………… 8 GANG VIOLENCE………………………………………………………………….. 9 Maryland‟s Gangs……………………………………………………………… 10 CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF YOUTH GANG INVOLVEMENT………… 10 Personal Characteristics……………………………………………………….. 10 Bullying Violence……………………………………………………………... 11 Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid………………………………………. 11 Maslow‟s Hierarchy Pyramid and Gang Membership………………………… 12 Unified Theory of Gang Involvement………………………………………… 13 NATIONAL EVIDENCE-BASED GANG PREVENTION PROGRAMS……… 14 OJJDP’s Gang Reduction Program…………………………………… 14 Gang Resistance Education and Training……………………….…….. 15 Boys and Girls Club of America’s Gang Prevention through Targeted Outreach program……………………………………….…………….. 16 Broader Urban Involvement and Leadership Development………….... 16 Olweus Bullying Prevention Program…………………………………. 16 NATIONAL EVIDENCE-BASED GANG INTERVENTION PROGRAMS…… 17 Promising Intervention Programs for At-Risk Youth….………………………. 18 An Achievable Dream, Newport News, VA……………………………. 18 U.S. Dream Academy………………………………………………….. 20 The SEED School……………………………………………………… 21 2

Multi-systematic Therapy……………………………………………… 22 MARYLAND GANG PREVENTION PROGRAMS………………...... 23 Gang Awareness School Outreach Program………….…………..….. 23 Department of Juvenile Services……………………………………………… 24 Maryland Community Crime Prevention Institute…………………………… 25 Community Gang Awareness 2010: Training the Trainers…………... 25 Additional Programs………………………………………………………….. 26 Gang Resistance Education and Training……………………………. 26 Boys and Girls Club of America’s Gang Prevention through Targeted Outreach program……………………………………….……………. 26 Salisbury/Wicomico County: A Snapshot of Proposed Local Solutions 26 CRITERIA FOR GANG PREVENTION/INTERVENTION PROGRAMS…… 28 RECOMMENDED PILOT PROGRAMS…….……………………………………. 29 Why This Program is Compatible with the State‟s Needs…………………….. 30 Potential Funding Sources for Maryland‟s Youth Gang Prevention & Intervention Efforts……………………………………………………………. 31 COMMUNITY SERVICES STATE SURVEY.……………….….………………. 32 Methodology…………..…………………….………………………………… 32 Results……………………………………….………………………………… 33 APPENDIXES Appendix A: Safe Schools Act of 2010 Gang Program Survey ….………… 34 Appendix B: Directory of Gang Prevention/Intervention Programs and Resources 39 ENDNOTES…………………………………………………………………………. 60

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since 2007, the O‟Malley-Brown Administration has championed Security Integration, seamless coordination and consistent information sharing among all levels of government. The Safe Schools Act of 20101 builds upon this objective, mandating an unprecedented level of collaboration and information sharing among school, community and criminal justice partners to protect Maryland‟s most vulnerable youth. The Act, sponsored by House Speaker Michael Busch, has established a foundation upon which the Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE), Local School Systems, the Department of Juvenile Services, State and local law enforcement agencies, local criminal justice agencies, and parents and guardians, can improve collective accountability regarding the identification of gang activity in schools and mobilize to prevent violence and intervene in the lives of at-risk youth. The Act required the Governor‟s Office of Crime Control & Prevention (GOCCP) to perform a community services survey to determine existing youth gang prevention and intervention programs within each county, which may be found at the end of this report. In addition, the Act required GOCCP to develop criteria for gang prevention and intervention programs that are evidence-based and produce measurable outcomes and make recommendations for a pilot program to provide comprehensive gang prevention and intervention services for a high school and the high school‟s middle school feeder system, where gang activity is prevalent. Nationally, evidence-based youth gang prevention programs are widespread; however, few if any evidence-based youth gang intervention programs exist. Most intervention programs are limited to promising practices or evidence-based programs that target the broader population of at-risk youth. Prevention programs are cost-effective while intervention programs require intense case management customized per youth, preferably involving re-location and solid commitment from the youth and their familial support system, whether traditional or nontraditional. Effective intervention models provide new social controls saturated with positive self-actualization, long- term adult investment and sustained services that impart practical skills in social etiquette, job training, and conflict resolution. Throughout this report, innovative local, statewide, and national youth gang prevention and intervention models are put forth. The majority of evidence-based and promising programs incorporate the following criteria to achieve success:

1 Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings, Section 3–819(b–1) and 3–8A–19(d)(5) and Article – Education, Sections 7-302, 7-303, 7–424.2, Annotated Code of Maryland (2008 Replacement Volume and 2009 Supplement).

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Community Involvement Alternative Activities/Afterschool programs Collaboration across Government Systems Anti-Bullying Information/Resource Sharing Sustained Adult Mentoring/Investment Accountability Multi-Systematic or Family Therapy Gang Education/Awareness Since 2007, Governor O‟Malley has signed bills into law that further criminalize gang membership, criminalize gang activity in schools, and require MSDE and Local School Systems to prohibit gang activity in schools and design procedures for administrators, teachers, and staff to report gang activity. The laws and policies currently in place use criminal law definitions to define system response; however, the largest service gap remains reaching those at-risk youth mimicking gang behaviors and preventing them from becoming deep-end youth. To this end, many replicable programs exist, but nothing replaces the force multiplier of training administrators, teachers, staff, parents, and guardians to identify presenting behaviors, intervene with the youth, and access the appropriate government and nonprofit resources within the community. If the State of Maryland is to build this capacity system-wide, work must be done to build infrastructure and leverage the statewide resources that currently exist. GOCCP‟s primary recommendation to the Maryland General Assembly within this report is the establishment of a state-level Safe Schools Coordinator to help Maryland serve youth as a unified system. A Statewide Safe Schools Coordinator within MSDE would: Promulgate model policy, gang awareness, and train-the-trainer capacity uniformly across the State so that at-risk youth are identified and reached before intervention becomes necessary. Provide coordination for and expansion of the three statewide prevention programs currently in place. Liaison with stakeholders already brought together at the local level per the requirements of the Act. Mobilize and leverage currently existing community resources such as the respondents of the community services survey. At the state-level, the Safe Schools Coordinator would encompass the five components of the Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention‟s (OJJDP) Comprehensive Gang Reduction strategy:

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Community Mobilization: Involvement of local citizens, including former gang-involved youth, community groups, agencies, schools, and coordination of programs and staff functions within and across agencies. Opportunities Provision: Development of a variety of specific education, training, and employment programs targeting gang-involved youth. Social Intervention: Involving youth-serving agencies, schools, grassroots groups, faith- based organizations, police, and other juvenile/criminal justice organizations in „reaching out‟ to gang-involved youth and their families, and linking them with the conventional world and needed services. In-school and afterschool prevention and education programs such as anti-bullying, peer mediation, tutoring, and others are offered within the target area(s), as are community programs to educate parents, businesses, and service providers. Suppression: Formal and informal social control procedures, including close supervision and monitoring of gang-involved youth by agencies of the juvenile/criminal justice system and also by community-based agencies, schools, and grassroots groups. Organizational Change and Development: Development and implementation of policies and procedures in a variety of settings including schools, which result in the most effective use of available and potential resources within and across agencies to better address the gang problem. Leveraging currently existing programs and forging unprecedented information sharing among the diverse Safe Schools partners charged with keeping our youth safe and secure will guide future development and implementation of successful school-based gang programs. Regarding youth gang intervention, GOCCP recommends to the Maryland General Assembly, the development of a statewide risk assessment tool and criteria to enroll gang-affiliated youth in specialized academies such as MSDE‟s SEED School and further consideration and study of the efficacy of instituting such specialized academies. In response the Act‟s requirement that GOCCP select a pilot program for a high school where gang activity is prevalent and middle school feeder system, GOCCP recommends that the City of Annapolis and the City of Salisbury be considered as pilot sites for pilot intervention programs. Based on the existing collaboration of government, nonprofit, and private partners surrounding the Governor‟s Safe Streets Initiative, these jurisdictions exhibit extraordinary information sharing and mobilization across all agencies that may be tapped to launch any coordinated effort quickly and effectively. No region, county, or municipality in Maryland remains immune from youth gang activity. GOCCP recommends not identifying pilot jurisdictions based on need only, but selecting jurisdictions with stakeholders committed to the priorities and values of security integration, jurisdictions already working as a system, and not within silos. In conclusion, GOCCP believes Maryland has existing resources in place to develop and launch model prevention policy and training across school systems and leverage services in 6

communities. The community services directory by county gives a picture of both the need and the desire Maryland citizens have to protect our vulnerable youth. Organizational change and development to augment what the Safe Schools Act of 2010 established and support local-level stakeholders in compliance will provide the system-wide accountability necessary to move Maryland forward in a sustained effort for the lives of our youth.

MARYLAND’S CRIMINAL GANG LAWS The Maryland General Assembly (MGA) enacted The Gang Prosecution Act of 2007 to strengthen enforcement and prosecution of criminal gangs and criminal gang activity in Maryland. The Act was modeled after the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), 1970 federal legislation that has led to the arrests and convictions of some of the nation‟s most notorious Mafia and drug kingpins. This law has not produced the increase in gang member prosecution rates it was intended. The first conviction for being a gang member occurred in August 2010, 3 years after the bill was passed. In 2010, The MGA enacted HB 756/SB 517 to strengthen the efforts of 2007 by mandating longer sentences for underlying crimes committed by criminal gangs and gang kingpins who organize, supervise, finance or manage criminal gang. This bill took effect October 1, 2010. Criminal Gang Under Maryland Criminal Law §9-801, a criminal gang means a group or association of three or more persons whose members: Individually or collectively engage in a pattern of criminal activity; Have as one of their primary objectives or activities the commission of one or more underlying crimes2, including acts by juveniles that would be underlying crimes if committed by adults; and Have in common an overt or covert organizational or command structure. Pattern of Criminal Gang Activity Pattern of gang activity is defined under the Criminal Law §9-801 (d) as the commission of, attempted commission of, conspiracy to commit, or solicitation of two or more underlying crimes3 or acts by a juvenile that would be an underlying crime if committed by an adult.

2 Criminal Law §9-801, Annotated Code – Underlying Crimes: (1) crime of violence as defined under §14-101 Criminal Law; (2) second degree assault; (3) wearing, carrying, or transporting a handgun; (4) inducing false testimony or avoidance of subpoena; (5) retaliation for testimony; (6) intimidating or corrupting juror; (7) human trafficking; (8) receiving earnings of prostitute or house of prostitution; (9) felony violation of extortion; (10) manufacture or possession of destructive device; (11) distribution of CDS; (12) manufacturing CDS or equipment; (13) second degree arson; (14) first degree burglary; (15) second degree burglary; (16) third degree burglary; (17) theft; (18) unauthorized use of a motor vehicle; and (19) felony violation of §5-133 of the Public Safety Article. 7

Criminal Gang Activity in School Under the Criminal Law §9-803, criminal gang activity in school, consists of: Activities on or near school vehicles or property. A person may not threaten an individual, or a friend or family member of an individual with use of physical force or violence to coerce, induce, or solicit the individual to participate in or prevent the individual from leaving a criminal gang: (1) in a school vehicle, as defined under §11- 154 of the Transportation Article; or (2) in, or within 1,000 feet of real property owned or leased to an elementary school, secondary school, or county board of education and used for elementary or secondary education. Applicability. – Subsection (a) of this section applies whether or not: (1) school was in session at the time of the crime; or (2) the real property was being used for purposes other than school purposes at the time of the crime.

MARYLAND STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (MSDE) MODEL GANG POLICYii As required by the Safe Schools Act of 2010, MSDE promulgated a statewide model gang policy to prohibit gang activity in schools and reprisal or retaliation against individuals who report suspected gang activity. MSDE crafted the policy using Criminal Law Article definitions. Within the context of these definitions, MSDE created model procedures for reporting suspected gang activity or similar destructive or illegal group behavior. Statement prohibiting gang activity in schools and reprisal or retaliation against individuals who report suspected gang activity. It is the policy of the Maryland State Board of Education (Local School System) to prohibit gang activity and similar destructive or illegal group behavior on school property or school buses or at school-sponsored functions.

It is the policy of the Maryland State Board of Education (Local School System) to prohibit reprisal or retaliation against individuals who report gang activity and similar destructive or illegal group behavior or who are victims, witnesses, bystanders, or others with reliable information about an act of gang activity and similar destructive or illegal group behavior.

Model Procedures for Reporting Suspected Gang Activity Model procedures for reporting suspected gang activity or similar destructive or illegal group behavior are presented as a guide that by no means limits school systems from implementing

3 See footnote 1.

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additional procedures for reporting acts of suspected gang activity or similar destructive or illegal group behavior. Model procedures include: Obtaining Information from Internal Sources Obtaining information from External Sources Sharing Information Within the School System Sharing Information with Entities External to the School In order to coordinate gang prevention, intervention, and suppression efforts, the school security officer and the principal of each middle and high school will conduct regular meetings to share general non-student specific information and de-identified student data with representatives of law enforcement, the State‟s Attorney, the Public Defender, gang prevention and intervention programs, or any other appropriate individual, about gang-related activity that has been reported internally in the school. In order to coordinate gang prevention, intervention, and suppression efforts to maintain a safe and secure school environment, the superintendent will designate the principal and/or school security officer to contact the appropriate law enforcement officer whenever a report of on- going or threatened gang-related violence appears accurate and reliable. The designee should share with the law enforcement officer information about the specific event and the students involved, and elicit the officer‟s advice on intervention strategies and how to involve parents or guardians or community systems.

GANG VIOLENCE Gang violence is a growing problem in the United States. In 2009, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)4 recognized approximately 28,100 gangs operating in the United States, which represented 731,000 members nationwide. The National Gang Intelligence Center in 2009 approximates gang membership conservatively at 1 million members in the United States. Gang participation, traditionally viewed as an urban problem, has expanded to rural and suburban areas with a 64% and 17% increase respectively over the past five years. Similarly, youth gangs have increased in prevalence. The National Youth Gang Center conducted interviews with gang members and revealed that:iii

87% joined before their 16th birthday Half were recruited, half volunteered

4 Statistics from OJJDP do not include prison gangs, motorcycle gangs, supremacy groups, domestic terrorists and cult groups.

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35% were successful in hiding their affiliation from their parents 83% of the gangs had female members 78% said the schools “didn‟t take them seriously” In 2009, the National Drug Intelligence Center found:iv 20% of students 12-18 reported street gangs had been present at their school during the previous 6 months Youth involved in gangs commit 3-7 times as many delinquent acts as youth not involved with gangs Maryland’s Gangsv Maryland has experienced a sharp increase in gang membership and criminal gang activity throughout the State. In 2009, there were over 200 uniquely5 named gangs operating within Maryland. There has been a 25% increase in the number of gangs reported in 2010 and 2011 in Maryland when compared to 2009. Some of the most nationally well known and violent gangs are represented in Maryland including Bloods (21 jurisdictions), Crips (20 jurisdictions), Dead Man Incorporated (20 jurisdictions), Black Guerilla Family (17 jurisdictions), MS-13 (14 jurisdictions), and Latin Kings (12 jurisdictions). Due to the success of gang franchising, violence has spread into suburban and rural communities, creating a statewide gang problem. Although some areas of Maryland have seen an exceptionally high concentration of gang activity, criminal gangs exist in every jurisdiction throughout the state. These groups have developed in areas that face increased adversity, such as language barriers, economic disadvantage and community disorganization.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF YOUTH GANG INVOLVEMENT Personal Characteristicsvi Research has shown that personal characteristics also indicate whether a youth is susceptible to gang involvement. Although many of the youth in gangs demonstrate delinquent behaviors, many studies show discrepancies in differentiating between the non-gang delinquent youth and the gang-affiliated delinquent youth. One particular study found that most gang youth possess an antisocial behavior and delinquent self-conception. Studies of youth gang members also reveal that gang youth engage in more-risk-seeking behavior, were less committed to school, and reported less communication with, and lower levels of attachment to, their parents.

5 This number increases significantly when a gang is represented in more than one jurisdiction in independently operated subsets. As much as 80% (MCAC, 2011).

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Bullying Violence Social services and criminal justice agencies have targeted gang activity and gang involvement for decades. Over the past few years, the “bullying” has received increased attention and social service response. Today, there is a growing cause-effect link between bullying and gang involvement. The link occurs when a juvenile feels unsafe as a result of extreme bullying, and seeks security in the form of joining a gang. “Personal safety and security” are two of the most common reasons why juveniles join gangs. Many gang members come from single parent or dysfunctional homes, and seek the protection a family offers. Gangs provide this protection. Today, in response to this trend, social service agents, schools, and criminal justice organizations have implemented programming targeting bullying enforcement and gang prevention. As a result, many “gang prevention” programs are presented as “anti-bullying programs”.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Pyramidvii

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A gang member’s rendition of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Maslow’s Hierarchy Pyramid and Gang Membershipviii

Physiological Needs: Gang members need the basic essentials to thrive in life. Safety Needs: Gang members want to feel safe and protected. “When a child doesn‟t feel safe and secure, gang membership provides safety in numbers. Children cannot experience love and belonging without first having a sense of security.”ix Love & Belonging: Gang members want a social network to belong and feel loved. Individuals want to be a part of a family. “Teens who face rejection from school groups and activities may find the recognition they desire through gang membership.” “Gangs provide consistency and acceptance when a child does not feel connected to their own family.x Esteem: Gang members want to be respected and acknowledged for achievements accomplished. “Every child needs to feel important. Gang membership provides the sense of status and power that can provide a higher level of self esteem.”xi Self-Actualization: Gang members want self-fulfillment.

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Unified Theory of Gang Involvementxii

Many youth may take a pathway into criminal activity which does not necessarily include gang membership. Criminal activity may occur independently of, or simultaneously to, joining a gang. However, gang membership is likely to occur for reasons over and above those underlying involvement in criminal activity. Gang membership offers additional protection: possibly from threats stemming from competing criminal entities (e.g., rival drug dealers); it provides social support, offers elevated status, the chance to acquire power, and opportunities for excitement. Gang membership may also bring with it set of rules or new social controls that members are expected to abide by, thus providing a form of familial structure. 13

NATIONAL EVIDENCE-BASED GANG PREVENTION PROGRAMS Numerous evidence-based prevention programs have been recognized for their effective prevention of gang activity, membership, and criminal involvement. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s (OJJDP) Gang Reduction Programxiii In 2003, OJJDP initiated the Gang Reduction Program (GRP) which focused primarily on strengthening the community to deter gang-related activity. Gang involvement has been correlated with dysfunctions in a community, hence, efforts to provide citizens with a safe and pro-social environment in which to live and grow is essential. Five strategies used in OJJDP‟s Comprehensive Gang Model include: Community Mobilization: Involvement of local citizens, including former gang- involved youth, community groups, agencies, schools, and coordination of programs and staff functions within and across agencies. Opportunities Provision: Development of a variety of specific education, training, and employment programs targeting gang-involved youth. Social Intervention: Involving youth-serving agencies, schools, grassroots groups, faith-based organizations, police, and other juvenile/criminal justice organizations in „reaching out‟ to gang-involved youth and their families, and linking them with the conventional world and needed services. In-school and afterschool prevention and education programs such as anti-bullying, peer mediation, tutoring, and others are offered within the target area(s), as are community programs to educate parents, businesses, and service providers. Suppression: Formal and informal social control procedures, including close supervision and monitoring of gang-involved youth by agencies of the juvenile/criminal justice system and also by community-based agencies, schools, and grassroots groups. Organizational Change and Development: Development and implementation of policies and procedures in a variety of settings including schools, which result in the most effective use of available and potential resources within and across agencies to better address the gang problem. OJJDP‟s GRP model has been utilized in various cities throughout the country through grant funding. One notable success of this program occurred in Richmond Virginia where gang awareness training was expanded, gang intelligence information sharing improved drastically, a new gang unit was created in the police department, and services were provided to at risk youth. Public safety has improved in Richmond as a result of GRP. The target area of this program had a sharp 3 year drop in crime and especially violent crime from 2005-2008. Richmond was the 5th 14

most dangerous city in the country in 2003, and in 2008 dropped to being the 29th most dangerous city. Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Programxiv The Gang Resistance Education and Training model was created by the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives in association with the Police Department of Phoenix, Arizona in 1991 and launched nationwide in 2003. The G.R.E.A.T. model differs from others because it is a school educational component taught to all students in the classroom, regardless of their risk factors. Educators and law enforcement officers participate in the four components of the G.R.E.A.T. model: a six-week elementary school component, a thirteen-week middle school component, a summer component of varying lengths, and a six-week families‟ component. Participating law enforcement officers attend G.R.E.A.T. training in order to become effective instructors. The elementary school component is intended for fourth and fifth graders and is used largely as a foundation for the middle school component. It establishes a positive bond between law enforcement and youth during their early developmental years. After each thirty-minute session, a parent letter is sent home to keep parents informed about the program and encourage parental support. The middle school component is the most popular of the four components and deals with the skills youth will need to avoid gang involvement directly, including avoiding gang pressure and gang violence, while further developing relationships between students and law enforcement officers. The program is also an ideal complement to other prevention programs that foster improved peer, parental, and community relationships. The G.R.E.A.T. summer program is intended as a follow-up to the middle school curriculum and is adjusted to meet the needs of students during the months when school is not in session by keeping youth occupied, active, and supervised during a time when boredom invites temptation. Further, the goal of the program is to increase student‟s opportunities for social, cognitive, and interpersonal growth. The families‟ component of the G.R.E.A.T. model is designed for parents and children (between 10 and 14 years old). This component fosters skills for effective communication between family members, proper discipline, consistent parenting, prioritizing, and family influences. Research has demonstrated that the families‟ component is the most successful at building strong communities. Since its inception, more than 12,000 law enforcement officers have been certified as G.R.E.A.T. instructors, and more than 6 million students have graduated from the G.R.E.A.T. Program.xv Evaluations on the G.R.E.A.T. program have found that it gives youth more negative views about gangs while giving them more positive attitudes about law enforcement. This program has

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also been found to produce reductions in youth risk-seeking behaviors, while at the same time, increasing youths‟ associations with peers who are involved in pro-social activities. Boys and Girls Club of America’s Gang Prevention through Targeted Outreach programxvi After school programs are an important component to helping prevent youth from joining gangs. The Boys and Girls Club of America‟s Gang Prevention through Targeted Outreach program (GPTTO) focuses on keeping youth off the streets during those vital afternoon/evening hours and then educating the youth on the dangers of gang behavior. Furthermore, youth mentoring is a vital part of the GPTTO program. Studies have shown that most youth who participate in the GPTTO program feel a sense of belonging to the Boys and Girls Club, and many feel that the club is a safer environment than school. The GPTTO program has been proven to delay the wearing of gang colors, decrease youths‟ contact with the juvenile justice system, decrease criminal behaviors, and improve grades. Broader Urban Involvement and Leadership Development (BUILD)xvii Broader Urban Involvement and Leadership Development is one of the oldest gang prevention models still active. First implemented in 1969 as an intervention model, a prevention model was added as a result of BUILD members‟ observations of gangs openly recruiting on local school grounds. The BUILD prevention program consists of a number of different operatives, including a 10- week, school-based course that focuses on educating students to resist gang recruiters and violence, organizing alternative activities for youth participation, and circulating street mentors to establish relationships with youth in order to provide them with the skills to successfully avoid gang violence as well as promote goals for the future. Because the goal of the BUILD program is not only to keep at-risk youth out of gangs and the criminal system, but also to help them become productive members of society, the program also extends its services to high school students to help with college preparation with a variety of services. Olweus Bullying Prevention Programxviii The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program is implemented for the reduction and prevention of bully/victim problems in schools. The Program targets all students in elementary, middle, and junior high schools. Individual interventions are targeted at students who are identified as bullies or victims of bullying.

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Core components of the program are implemented at school-wide, at the class level, and at the individual level:

School-wide components include the administration of an anonymous questionnaire to assess the nature and prevalence of bullying at each school, a school conference day to discuss bullying at school and plan interventions, the formation of a Bullying Prevention Coordinating Committee to coordinate all aspects of school's program, and increased supervision of students known to be bullies or bully victims.

Classroom components include the establishment and enforcement of class rules against bullying, and holding regular class meetings with students.

Individual components include interventions with children identified as bullies and victims, and discussions with parents of involved students. Teachers may be assisted in these efforts by counselors and school-based mental health professionals. The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program has been shown to result in:

A substantial reduction in boys' and girls' reports of bullying and victimization;

A significant reduction in students' reports of general antisocial behavior such as vandalism, fighting, theft and truancy; and

Significant improvements in the "social climate" of the class, as reflected in students' reports of improved order and discipline, more positive social relationships, and a more positive attitude toward schoolwork and school.

NATIONAL EVIDENCE-BASED GANG INTERVENTION PROGRAMS Few if any evidence-based gang intervention programs exist nationally; and a universal definition for intervention has not been established, creating greater difficulty with regards to successful implementation.xix Once an individual joins a gang, it is both difficult and expensive to remove the individual from that gang, especially if criminal involvement is prevalent. The cost of youth gang intervention programs is an extraordinary obstacle. Achieving success during a time of economic downturn requires organizations to execute specialized work with no additional or declining fiscal resources. At a minimum, successful intervention requires consistent adult investment and mentoring. Additional costs may include tattoo removal. Tattoos identify the individual to other gang members, leaving youth in transition vulnerable to retaliation violence. Many criminal justice and public health stakeholders agree that re-location can be the key to any promising intervention strategy. Removing youth from the immediate influences of gang relationships and culture, even one neighborhood away, severs contact and allows services to replace gang culture as the primary social control, dramatically increasing the chances of 17

program impact. Unfortunately, many families of youth gang members are unable to relocate due to financial circumstances or fear and gang influence upon the youth remains intact. Promising Intervention Programs for At-Risk Youth Innovative specialized school models exist regionally and nationally that target the broader at- risk youth population. Using creative approaches that integrate high levels of adult investment, life skills, and self-actualization, these models satisfy Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs within the academic setting. Upon further research, the State of Maryland may tailor specialized school models to enroll gang-affiliated youth identified with risk assessments and evidence-based criteria. An Achievable Dream, Newport News, VAxx An Achievable Dream (AAD) is a nonprofit, year-round, extended day public school for at-risk youth supported by a comprehensive collaboration among government and private partners. Currently 100% of graduates attend college or serve in the military. AAD operates within the City of Newport News Public School (NNPS) system. In partnership with the City of Newport News, NNPS contracts to An Achievable Dream to operate its two schools: An Achievable Dream Academy and An Achievable Dream Middle and High School. AAD receives financial support from NNPS in the exact same manner as every other public school within the system. However, AAD relies heavily on private donors to support the additional $2200 cost per student per school year. Fundamentals of AAD success include: Longer Day/Extended Year Students are in school for eight hours and 20 minutes, compared with the six hours and 20 minutes that is standard for public education. Students also attend a year-round school year consisting of 202 days versus 182 days of a standard school year. This extra time allows for a more rigorous and focused academic curriculum and ensures time for specialized social and moral curricula. Uniforms set a tone that allows for positive academic instruction. Adult Investment: Military, Police Officers and Sheriffs’ Deputies Each day at 7:30 am, two busloads carrying active duty army soldiers arrive at An Achievable Dream Academy. Since 1992, the local Army Command at Fort Eustis has fulfilled a daily commitment to begin their day welcoming students with a good handshake. Soldiers become a consistent part of the students‟ daily routine by attending breakfast with the students, leading the morning pep rally, and performing uniform inspections. As positive role models, many of the soldiers build relationships with the students and sometimes lifelong bonds. At the middle school level, sheriffs‟ deputies greet students, have breakfast with the students, perform uniform inspections and lead small group activities. High school students are greeted by members of the local police department, who also participate in breakfast, uniform inspections and the morning character development assembly. 18

Adult Investment: The Daily Handshake Each student, from kindergarteners through 12th graders, enter the school building each day and are greeted by an adult with a friendly smile and “Good Morning.” Students are taught the basics of initial interaction by practicing this morning greeting with a firm handshake, direct eye contact and replying to the greeting with a “Good Morning”. Throughout the hallways as many as 25 adults may greet the students daily. Administrators, soldiers, sheriffs and police officers begin every day at the entrance doors. Additionally, local community leaders, business executives, and additional visitors will join the line to welcome students. Social, Academic and Moral Education (S.A.M.E.) AAD‟s trademarked curriculum, Social, Academic and Moral Education (S.A.M.E.) prepares youth for the social norms, business etiquette and conflict resolution needs that they may encounter as a growing adult. Make the Right Decision, a character education concept, is fully integrated into AAD‟s social and academic culture. Student and Parent/Guardian Contract At the beginning of each school year, families review their student‟s academic plan. Students make a written commitment to: attend school every day, follow the dress code, stay crime free, stay drug free, and neither become pregnant nor father a child. Parents agree to discuss with their student what was learned at school each day, ensure uninterrupted, distraction-free homework time, attend all Parent/Teacher Association meetings, parent conferences and school meetings, set an example of proper behavior at home, encouraging good citizenship. Language SpeakingGREEN classes teach the difference between casual/slang conversation and formal/work-place appropriate conversation. “GREEN” symbolizes the color of money to establish the connection between proper language and communication skills and a successful business career. As students grow older, writing and job interviewing skills are integrated into the program. Conflict Resolution This class focuses on skills to deescalate a situation while maintaining one‟s dignity. Students participate in role-playing scenarios, group activities and projects geared towards dealing with hostile situations. Healthy Living Taught by Riverside Health System licensed and trained registered nurses, Healthy Living classes explore age appropriate topics, including healthy food choices at home, proper physical and dental hygiene, proper exercise, the importance of sleep, avoiding negative activities like tobacco use, preventing the effects of sun damage, STD prevention and birth control.

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Etiquette Students are instructed on basic etiquette including sessions on table manners, dining out, telephone manners, written communication and the importance of writing notes, etiquette on the road, etiquette in business meetings, basic etiquette for international communication, etiquette at sporting events and concerts, netiquette, and rules for attire. These skills are put to use at etiquette dinners, sponsor receptions, student fieldtrips and daily interaction among teachers, staff and students. Ethics Students are introduced to the concepts of appropriate action and ethics and establish a moral compass that is built from within their own being and character. Students review and discuss well known case studies of ethics crises in public policy, government, business and headline news. Financial Skills AAD students have checking accounts filled with deposits of merit points earned throughout the week through uniform inspections and good behavior. Students write checks at the school store for items including school supplies, field trip passes, incentives including movie passes, fast food gift certificates, etc. Students leave the Academy able to balance their checkbook and with an understanding of positive cash flow and earned merits. This checkbook is replaced with a „debit card‟ upon entering middle school. Students participate in sessions focused on understanding basic credit; consumer loans including car loans, mortgage, and student loans; basic worldwide economics including the stock market; the importance of retirement and savings accounts; basic contracts including apartment leases; and creating monthly budgets. U.S. Dream Academyxxi The U.S. Dream Academy's program sets it apart from other afterschool and mentoring organizations and targets at-risk youth. The program starts with this principle that beyond school, every young person we serve must spend 11 to 15 hours each week in a stimulating learning environment. The academy provides one-on-one sessions with carefully matched mentors through afterschool activities that also combine academic fundamentals. The U.S. Dream Academy‟s academic excellence is built on three thematic pillars: Skill- building, Character-building, and Dream-building.

Skills-building: Academic failure has been shown to be the most important predictor of future incarceration. The core components for this include assistance with homework and online learning. Students use SuccessMaker, a computer-based educational program that focuses on literacy and math instruction.

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Character-building: Students utilize the Education in Human Values curriculum, a universal, values-based program that lays the foundation for students to understand and apply the five fundamental values of peace, love, truth, right action, and non-violence in their lives.

Dream-building: Helps students to broaden their understanding of what their options and opportunities are, while eliminating the possibility of incarceration from their framework of reference. Mentoring plays a part here because mentors act as role models, showing students positive options for their lives. This program has resulted in improved academic performance as youth at risk for dropping out of high school have achieved a 97% success rate in meeting standardized testing scores. The SEED Schoolxxii In recent years, the State of Maryland has set a precedent for legislating, developing, procuring and implementing a statewide specialized education program for the at-risk youth population. In 2006 the Maryland General Assembly enacted Chapter 397, a law that requires the Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE) to establish residential boarding education programs for at-risk youth. In response, MSDE opened the SEED School of Maryland, a statewide, public college preparatory boarding school, in August 2008. SEED presents at-risk students from across the state with an opportunity to receive a tuition-free education that prepares them for success in college and beyond. MSDE oversees and supports the ongoing implementation, planning, and development of the school and holds it accountable to State and federal standards for teaching and learning. The SEED School of Maryland will add one grade per year and grow to enroll 400 students in grades 6-12. The SEED School of Maryland is modeled after the SEED School of Washington, D.C., the nation‟s only other public, urban, college-preparatory boarding school. The SEED Foundation launched The SEED School of Washington, D.C.in 1998. SEED‟s innovative model integrates a rigorous academic program with a nurturing boarding program that teaches life skills and provides students with a safe and secure environment. SEED nurtures positive contact with families and community leaders, thereby strengthening students‟ support structures and surrounding communities. Maryland‟s SEED model includes academic, residential, mental health, physical health, social, and enrichment programs. SEED’s Track Record is Proven

91% of SEED students who enter the ninth grade graduate from high school

82% of SEED graduates from the classes of 2008 - 2010 are first generation college- bound

96% of SEED graduates from 2004-2010 have been accepted to four-year colleges and universities 21

95% of SEED‟s first six classes have enrolled in college within 18 months of graduating from SEED

Three times as many SEED graduates complete college within six years compared to their peers from the same neighborhoods (Class of 2004) Gang affiliated youth are a specialized cross-section of Maryland‟s at-risk youth population. If the State of Maryland were to pursue the establishment of regional schools serving this population, the State may consider adding to and narrowing the qualifying criteria established by Chapter 397, which defines “at-risk youth” as individuals meeting at least two of the following criteria: Being eligible for free or reduced price meals; A record of suspensions, office referrals, or chronic truancy; A failure to achieve a proficient or advanced level on State assessments in reading or mathematics, or both; Having a disability; A referral from a teacher, counselor, social worker, or community-based service organization; The head of household is a single parent; The head of household is not a custodial parent; The adjusted gross family income is below the federally established poverty guidelines; The family receives temporary cash assistance under the State Family Investment Program; or A member of the family has been incarcerated. Multi-systematic Therapyxxiii MST is an intensive family and community-based treatment that addresses the multiple determinants of serious antisocial behavior in juvenile offenders. The multi-systemic approach views individuals as being nested within a complex network of interconnected systems that encompass individual, family, and extra-familial (peer, school, neighborhood) factors. MST targets chronic, violent, or substance abusing male or female juvenile offenders, ages 12 to 17, at high risk of out-of-home placement, and the offenders' families. MST intervention is delivered to more than 17,000 youth and families annually. Intervention strategies are integrated into a social ecological context and include strategic family therapy, structural family therapy, behavioral parent training, and cognitive behavior therapies. MST involves the youth‟s parents as they are taught the critical role of parental supervision and monitoring techniques, as well as engaging their youth in pro-social peer activities, disengaging them from deviant peers and gang involvement, and promoting positive school performance. MST interventions are comprehensive and flexible with the capacity to address pertinent factors at the individual, family, peer, school, and community levels. 22

Evaluations of MST have demonstrated for serious juvenile offenders: reductions of 25-70% in long-term rates of re-arrest, reductions of 47-64% in out-of-home placements, extensive improvements in family functioning and parental supervision, decreased mental health problems for serious juvenile offenders, and improved academic performance.

MARYLAND GANG PREVENTION PROGRAMS GOCCP identified three currently active and collaborative prevention programs at the state level: Gang Awareness School Outreach Program Department of Juvenile Services (DJS): Gang Intelligence Unit Maryland Community Crime Prevention Institute: Community Gang Awareness 2010: Training of Trainers Primarily training and awareness programs with gang culture expertise; these programs serve specific customers primarily via word-of-mouth referrals. Although they have the same ultimate goals, no formal coordinating function exists to unite their efforts. Gang Awareness School Outreach Programxxiv The Gang Awareness School Outreach Program is an awareness presentation designed to inform adults (parents, staff, administrators, and other school community adults) on criminal gang involvement to deter youth from membership. The presentation includes a brief history of gangs, identifies gangs operating in Maryland, suggests prevention and intervention strategies, and provides gang prevention and intervention resources. The program has been endorsed by the Maryland State Department of Education's Director of Student Services and Alternative Programs. At each jurisdiction served, the program is presented with appropriate local law enforcement, social service agency, and student support personnel. The program and information provided are regularly updated, and supported by best practice research from the National Gang Center, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Programs. Program objectives are threefold: Increase audience awareness of gangs and gang culture influencing juveniles. Provide practical prevention and intervention information and strategies for these target audiences. Connect audiences with appropriate resources relevant to each specific school community. Successful components of the program result from ongoing research and updated contacts regarding appropriate gang resources within the communities. Prior to Gang Awareness School 23

Outreach Program trainings, information is gathered for a particular jurisdiction (e.g., school) to tailor substance and communication to the particular culture of that school. Outreach first occurs with school administrators and staff before parents, guardians, and youth are involved. The program allows school administrators‟ time to follow-up after the training has been complete so necessary information may be obtained with regards to preventative gang violence resources within specific areas. As a result, the School Outreach Program holds school administrators accountable to follow-up with the appropriate actions. Program evaluations, completed by members of the audience, have consistently shown excellence while including express concerns and providing feedback. To date, this program has been delivered to schools in 16 jurisdictions reaching 3,036 faculty, staff, administrators, parents, and community members. Department of Juvenile Services (DJS) The Department of Juvenile Services (DJS) leads an internal Gang Intelligence Unit that has many responsibilities. One of their major responsibilities is tracking and validating youth gang members through a 14 point criterion. This unit interviews suspected gang members and validate them using the criteria. This information is shared with DJS and law enforcement. This unit has 4 investigators tracking youth gang members throughout the state and has a Director and an Assistant Director. DJS also runs a summer G.R.E.A.T. program for youth at the Victor Cullen Center which is a 13 week summer program that follows the curriculum of other G.R.E.A.T. programs around the state. This unit consists of on-call educators who present and speak about gang awareness and gang prevention techniques. When given a request, DJS staff in collaboration with police officers, and ex-gang members turned mentors provide this presentation. To date, the DJS Gang Intelligence Unit has presented at schools, PTA meetings, churches, police summits, youth programs, and various conferences around the state. Although this unit does not have any formal gang intervention programs, DJS does provide outreach to specific youth on a case by case basis through its investigation staff. DJS also provides funding for and refers youth to Multi-systematic Therapy (MST) and has been doing so since 2007. This youth specific outreach, as well as the gang awareness presentations has resulted in many success stories. One notable success was achieved in a Baltimore County High School where a presentation and follow up outreach was conducted in 2008. There were 27 known gang members in this school at that time and after intervention, 25 have been successfully removed from gang membership. To this day, all 25 are still out of a gang. MST in Maryland has proven to be successful. DJS reports improved client/family relations 93% have reported improvements in this area. 2010 statistics show: xxv 223 youth completed the MST program representing nearly 75% of all youth admitted to treatment 24

78 % of youth lived at home during treatment completion 70% of youth were in enrolled in school or worked during treatment completion 74% of admitted youth had no new arrests in 2010 Only 6% of youth were discharged from the treatment program due to lack of engagement The state of Maryland currently has over 550 MST and FFT slots and is currently being served in the following jurisdictions in Maryland: Baltimore County, Baltimore City, Carroll County, Frederick County, Harford County, Howard County, and Prince George‟s County. DJS has increased MST funding almost 300% from FY 2007 to FY 2009 and will expand these services to surroundings counties in the future.

Maryland Community Crime Prevention Institute (MCCPI)

Community Gang Awareness 2010: Training of Trainersxxvi

During 2007, the Kaizen problem solving process was incorporated by DPSCS to bring together a core group of public safety leaders of approximately 70 stakeholders to proactively curb the influence of gangs throughout the State. In 2009, MCCPI‟s Community Gang Awareness Training of Trainers (TOT) program was created through funding from the United States Attorney‟s Office. The TOT program is taught to law enforcement officers and others whose job or day to day activities may potentially bring them into contact with gang members (e.g., health care professionals, counselors, etc.) relating to Community Gang Awareness and Prevention. This two day training program provides for a greater understanding of the reality of gangs, preventative measures, personal safety, and learning techniques specifically for law enforcement officers and others so they can then train their appropriate staff, health care professionals, counselors, teachers, parents, community members and anybody else who would find the information valuable. Every TOT presentation includes a packet of gang related information including a Gang Intervention and Prevention Resource brochure. In 2010, MCCPI coordinated these TOT sessions and offered invitations to all law enforcement agencies throughout the state. In total, 4 TOT sessions were conducted throughout the 4 regions of the state as well as one expanded 3 day training (9/2009) where 124 attendees were successfully trained to present this gang presentation back in their agencies/jurisdictions. In the near future, MCCPI will be conducting this training in Prince George‟s County specifically geared for school personnel; specifically school police officers, resource officers and gang prevention personnel will receive this training session. In addition to TOT sessions, MCCPI also has a shorter 1-2 hour gang awareness presentation that is administered to various community members on a by request basis. To date, MCCPI has 25

presented this awareness presentation to 635 participants throughout the state. As successful as this program has been at training the trainers and increasing community awareness on gangs, funding ended in December 2010 and MCCPI has limited staff to conduct these trainings at their previous capacity. Additional Programs The following prevention programs initiated at the local level are found throughout Maryland: Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Program In addition to the DJS funded G.R.E.A.T. program, there are numerous jurisdictions within the State of Maryland that provide this program, including: Baltimore City, Baltimore County, Carroll County, Frederick County, Harford County, Prince George‟s County, Somerset County, and Worcester County. (For more information on the G.R.E.A.T. programs in Maryland, refer to the Directory in Appendix B.) Boys and Girls Club of America’s Gang Prevention through Targeted Outreach programxxvii There are numerous jurisdictions within the State of Maryland that offer Boys & Girls Club, including: Anne Arundel County, Baltimore City, Baltimore County, Calvert County, Frederick County, Harford County, Montgomery County, Prince George‟s County, St. Mary‟s County, Talbot County, and Washington County.xxviii (For more information on the Boys & Girls Clubs in Maryland, refer to the Directory in Appendix B.) Salisbury/Wicomico County: A Snapshot of Proposed Local Solutions Within the last three years, Wicomico County stakeholders have developed two significant grant proposals that seek to follow OJJDP‟s Comprehensive Gang Reduction Program. The elements contained within these proposals expose local level prevention and intervention needs. Salisbury/Wicomico County’s Anti-Gang Strategy Grant – Intervention Proposalxxix In 2008, Wicomico Partnership for Families and Children (WPFC), the Local Management Board, developed a $129,663.75 grant proposal to implement, through a contractual partnership, an intervention strategy to address the growing juvenile gang problem in Salisbury and Wicomico County. The proposal estimated that 1,600 Wicomico County youth ages 16 – 21 were out-of-school as drop outs and at high risk for or already engaged in gang activity. As part of its ongoing prevention strategy, WPFC proposed to increase and enhance the capacity of over 200 existing youth services such as out-of-school, family support, mental health, faith- based, job skills, mentoring and tutoring and cultural arts programs with increased staff an hours. Their prevention strategy included seeking male mentors via local chapters of national organizations such as VFW, American Legion, and NAACP. Special emphasis was placed on teaching parents and community leaders steps toward positive youth development and mobilizing all community services to maximize opportunities for youths‟ sense of belonging.

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School-based community mobilization trainings were a key component of the WPFC strategy. Throughout 2007 and 2008, the LMB held assets-based workshops called “Building Caring School Communities” with teachers, SROs, bus drivers, guidance counselors, administrators, parents, caregivers, community residents, and youth. Customized trainings focused on a train- the-trainer concept to build capacity for trainees to replicate the trainings throughout their organizations and communities. The proposed intervention strategy replicated the Richmond VA project, Gang Reduction and Intervention Program (GRIP) as described in the OJJDP publication, Best Practices for Planning & Implementing the Comprehensive Gang Model (2007). A collaboration of local law enforcement, the State‟s Attorney‟s Office, Lower Shore Workforce Alliance, Telemon Corporation, Wicomico Public Schools, service agencies and community groups, WPCF envisioned a “sustained intervention” program of long-term care based on customized individual service strategies for each youth enrolled. The strategy employed assessments, instruments and methods to plan and execute leadership development, job training and placement, entrepreneurial training, role modeling and mentoring, mental health and substance abuse services, educational support, and community services. Youth were identified by law enforcement and DJS, whether adjudicated or not, as well as by community advocacy groups. At the time of the proposal, there were 24 out-of-school programs in Wicomico County. Since the economic downturn, over half have been closed, with the public funded programs in schools and in high crime communities losing funding due to State cutbacks in July 2009. The LMB was only able to partially fund two out-of-school programs for the 2009-2010 fiscal year. 2010 Salisbury/Wicomico County Anti-Gang Strategy In 2010, the City of Salisbury and the Salisbury Police Department developed a 3-year $750,000 proposal to fund a Gang Coordinator, a police-oriented prevention program, and a school-based intervention program. The federal funding applied for was cut from the federal budget and never released for competitive submission. Overall, the proposal envisioned a Gang Coordinator who would lead a steering committee of government, non-profit, and community providers to effectively prevent, intervene and suppress gang activity. The committee would leverage existing gang awareness trainings from the DJS Gang Intelligence Unit and Maryland State Police Gang Unit as well as advanced federal trainings for local law enforcement. The Salisbury Police Department (SPD) would launch a gang involvement survey for parents/families of youth at risk to create awareness and potentially place youth in available program slots. SPD would serve 90+ juveniles per year via the Police Athletic League and Youth Link, a short-term prevention and intervention program teaching along the key themes of the aforementioned national “Dream” models to populations such as youth under supervision, habitually violent or truant youth, and youth previously in detention. The proposal would fund Connections, a Board of Education intervention program to provide ongoing instructional/educational services for youth who have been assigned to extended suspension or expulsion. Objectives of Connections include 27

identifying evidenced-based intervention strategies to serve identified youth and development and implementation of these strategies. These proposals from a jurisdiction aware of its growing youth gang membership and activities exhibit the centralized coordination, community mobilization, and government collaboration required as a platform for any prevention and intervention programs researched and launched.

CRITERIA FOR GANG PREVENTION/INTERVENTION PROGRAMS The Safe Schools Act of 2010 mandates the development of criteria for evidence based gang prevention and intervention programs which produce measurable outcomes. Community Involvement- Community involvement is necessary for any gang prevention program in order provide greater awareness, assistance, and effectiveness to deter gang activity. This includes faith based organizations and small community organizations both private and public. Collaboration- Participation and collaboration from various agencies including the school system, law enforcement, and other public safety and community agencies is crucial in preventing the spread of gang violence. Information/Resource Sharing- There are dozens of gang prevention and intervention programs in Maryland. In order to respond to gang activity, local school systems need to share information on gang prevention/intervention resources that are available in their communities. Accountability- If a gang prevention program in a school setting is to be successful; schools must be willing to admit they have a gang problem. Many schools are hesitant to admit they have a problem. Once made aware of the gang problem, schools must be held accountable for follow up. Gang Education/Awareness- Many successful evidence based gang prevention programs involve training and awareness components. Once schools, agencies, communities etc. are made aware of the gang problem and the resources available, follow up can be provided to curb gang violence in their schools. Alternative Activities/Afterschool programs- Due to the dysfunctional family dynamic of many known gang members or youth at risk for joining a gang, alternative activities and afterschool programs are essential during those vital after school hours while many youth are unsupervised. Summer programs give youth something to do during the day when they are out of school, reducing their likelihood of engaging in risk seeking behaviors. These types of programs also increase youth‟s associations with positive peers involved in pro-social activities.

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Anti-Bullying- As previously mentioned, there is a growing link between gang involvement and bullying. A juvenile may feel unsafe as a result of extreme bullying, and seek security in the form of joining a gang as “Personal safety and security” are two of the most common reasons why juveniles join gangs. This is more prevalent in youth who come from dysfunctional families or have a single parent and join a gang for protection. In order to disrupt this link, many school gang prevention programs may also be implemented as anti-bullying programs.

Mentoring/Investment- Successful gang intervention requires consistent investment and supportive mentoring of youth. Mentors can include law enforcement, other public safety representatives, faith based mentors, and school officials. Ex-gang members who turned their lives around can make great mentors for known gang members or youth at risk for joining a gang. In order to be successful in curbing gang involvement, gang mentors must be aware of the reasons why the particular youth may be in a gang (protection, sense of belonging, status, family etc.) as well as risk factors for delinquency.

Therapy (multi-systematic or family)- These types of therapy empower at risk youth through various support networks (family, peers, neighborhoods etc.) and provide a change in their environment, a crucial factor in getting youth to turn their lives around. These programs also provide parents with the skills and resources to address the difficulties in their child‟s life and help get them out of a gang.

RECOMMENDED PILOT PROGRAMS The Safe Schools Act of 2010 requires GOCCP to make recommendations for a pilot program to provide comprehensive gang prevention services for a high school and middle school where gang activity is prevalent. Due to the fact that intervention programs are much more expensive, especially during a time of economic downturn, GOCCP is recommending a statewide gang prevention program that involves the improved coordination of three existing prevention programs that are already in place in Maryland. GOCCP is proposing to create a salaried position of a statewide Safe Schools Coordinator (SSC). The state already has initiatives and programs working to prevent gang membership in schools and having a statewide coordinator to serve as a liaison for these programs is critical to reduction of gang violence in schools where that activity is prevalent. GOCCP, in partnership with the U.S. Attorney‟s Office (USAO), currently has the funds to support the SSC position until October 2012, with the intention that the position would become part of the MSDE budget at that time. The proposed pilot program involves the combination of three statewide programs: the Gang Awareness and School Outreach Program currently run through USAO, MCCPI‟s Training of 29

Trainers program, and DJS‟s Gang Intelligence Unit trainings. The coordinator for the Gang Awareness and School Outreach Program, Vince DeVivo will serve as the SSC. Mr. DeVivo has extensive knowledge in gang prevention and has a solid working relationship with MSDE. The training presentations of each of these three programs have some overlapping information so Vince could create a revised training guide based on information from all 3 programs. The training guide would consist of two models: a general gang awareness component and a Training of Trainer‟s component. This training guide would eventually be used in all Maryland schools. Consequently, each school would be provided with an overview of gang awareness as well as prevention and intervention resources in their jurisdiction. MCCPI‟s TOT piece is crucial in this pilot program development as school security officers and other applicable staff could be trained and then provide ongoing trainings to schools in their county. Why This Program is Compatible with the State’s Needs This proposed pilot program is feasible for the following reasons: 1. The directors of all three programs already have a working relationship with one another. Mr. DeVivo works closely with the DJS Gang Intelligence unit as they share information and intelligence with one another. In addition, Mr. DeVivo has frequent contacts with MCCPI and also was successfully trained in their TOT Program which has given him additional tools to present within his training across the State. 2. The directors of all three programs already have a working relationship with MSDE. Mr. DeVivo has presented in 16 jurisdictions and trained over 3,000 faculty staff, school administrators, parents, and community members. Mr. DeVivo receives requests from schools to conduct his trainings. He also receives follow up calls from many of the schools after the fact. MSDE is support of having this statewide Safe Schools Coordinator. MCCPI has provided trainings at various schools around the state by request so there is already a working relationship with MSDE in place. Frank Clark, the Assistant Director of the DJS Gang Intelligence Unit, works directly with MDE as he has personally served on the School Safety Planning Committee in 2009 and the MDE Gang Policy Committee in 2010. 3. This combined statewide training program with the Safe Schools Coordinator aligns with the Safe Schools Act of 2010. One component of the bill requires that each local school system develop its own gang awareness training and its own train the trainer program. The SSC would create the model gang awareness training guide and the TOT sessions that would cover this requirement for all 24 jurisdictions in the state. Since every school is required to have at least one designated School Security Officer (SSO), these individuals could participate in the TOT sessions and then train other school security staff throughout the state.

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Regarding youth gang intervention programs, GOCCP recommends the development of a statewide risk assessment tool and criteria to enroll gang-affiliated youth in specialized academies such as MSDE‟s SEED School as well as further consideration and study of the efficacy of instituting other specialized academies in Maryland. In response the Act‟s requirement that GOCCP select a pilot program for a high school where gang activity is prevalent and middle school feeder system, GOCCP recommends that the City of Annapolis and the City of Salisbury be considered as pilot sites for pilot intervention programs. Based on the existing collaboration of government, nonprofit, and private partners surrounding the Governor‟s Safe Streets Initiative, these jurisdictions exhibit extraordinary information sharing and mobilization across all agencies that may be tapped to launch any coordinated effort quickly and effectively. No region, county, or municipality in Maryland remains immune from youth gang activity. GOCCP recommends not identifying pilot jurisdictions based on need only, but selecting jurisdictions with stakeholders committed to the priorities and values of security integration, jurisdictions already working as a system, and not within silos. Potential Funding Sources for Maryland’s Youth Gang Prevention & Intervention Efforts U.S. Department of Education: Safe Schools - Healthy Students Initiative: Grants support law enforcement agencies in the development of communitywide approaches to creating safe and drug-free schools and promoting healthy childhood development. Programs are intended to prevent violence and the illegal use of drugs and to promote safety and discipline. Coordination with other community-based organizations (CBOs) is required. This program is jointly funded and administered by the departments of Education, Justice, and Health and Human Services. The appropriation amounts listed above do not include funds appropriated for the departments of Justice and Health and Human Services.

U.S. Department of Justice (U.S. DOJ): Violent Gang and Gun Crime Reduction Program (Project Safe Neighborhoods): Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) is a nationwide commitment to reduce gun and gang crime in America by networking existing local programs that target gun and gun crime and providing these programs with additional tools necessary to be successful. Since its inception in 2001, approximately $2 billion has been committed to this initiative. This funding is being used to hire new federal and state prosecutors, support investigators, provide training, distribute gun lock safety kits, deter juvenile gun crime, and develop and promote community outreach efforts as well as to support other gun and gang violence reduction strategies.

U.S. DOJ Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS): Secure Our Schools Program: The Secure Our Schools grant provides funding to state, local, or tribal governments to assist with the development of school safety resources. This funding allows recipients the opportunity to establish and enhance a variety of school safety equipment and/or programs to encourage the continuation and enhancement of school 31

safety efforts to prevent violence within their communities. The COPS Office is optimistic that this grant program will help place agencies at the forefront of innovative school safety developments. GOCCP: Juvenile Accountability Block Grants Program: JABG funds are provided as block grants to programs promoting greater accountability in the juvenile justice system. Funds support efforts toward graduated sanctions, recidivism reduction, drug court programs, interagency information sharing, treatment, and restorative justice. GOCCP: Juvenile Justice Delinquency Program: Federal funds are used to assist the State and units of local governments improve programs relating to juvenile delinquency and the juvenile justice system. Efforts are usually in the areas of increasing capacity and development of education, training, research, prevention, diversion, treatment, accountability based sanctions, and rehabilitation. High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) Discretionary Grants: Financial support provided by HIDTA via the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) is used primarily by HIDTA sites to hire staff to administer programs and services to high risk youths and their families. Target Headquarters Public Safety Grants: Target supports efforts lead by law enforcement or emergency managers that promote youth education and access to positive adult influences. This includes prevention, diversion, youth leadership programs and youth preparedness curriculum. (For example: Youth Advisory Councils, Police Action or Activities Leagues, Shop with a Cop, Explorers, etc.).

COMMUNITY SERVICES STATE SURVEY GOCCP was tasked with performing a community services survey throughout the state to determine which gang prevention and intervention programs and services exist in each county. Methodology In order to get the most comprehensive directory of gang prevention and intervention programs, especially in the school setting GOCCP create an online survey. GOCCP sent a letter out to all 24 state Local Management Boards, all Chiefs and Sheriffs, the DJS Gang Intelligence Unit, the Attorney General‟s Office, Maryland State‟s Attorney‟s, and County Officials. The letter provided them with information regarding the online survey as well as a direct link to the survey. To get a closer look at school youth gang prevention and intervention programs GOCCP coordinated with MDE who sent the letter out to all Local School Superintendents who then filtered the letter down the Middle and High Schools in their respective Counties. The respondents were given a month to fill out the survey and all responses were electronically submitted to GOCCP automatically upon competition of the survey. The survey included 32

questions such as the gang program name, how long it has been in operation, the service site, the funding sources, successes and obstacles of the program and much more. See Appendix A for a blank copy of the full survey. Results A total of 261 respondents for various schools police departments, local management boards, and program coordinators completed and submitted the survey to GOCCP. Of those respondents, GOCCP was able to identify approximately 75 gang programs. The remaining participants either responded that they did not have a program, provided insufficient information on their program, or completed information on a program, but GOCCP determined that the program was not specifically related to gang prevention or intervention. The vast majority of the identified 75 programs are prevention based through gang education/awareness, alternative activities, or anti- bullying. There were also some intervention programs found, however the target audience for these programs were not necessarily gang involved youth, rather at-risk youth. In addition to the survey respondents, GOCCP also identified additional gang prevention/intervention programs from other state contacts and these programs are also included in the directory. (The statewide gang prevention/intervention program directory can be found in Appendix B).

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Appendix A: Safe Schools Act of 2010 Gang Program Survey As required by the Safe Schools Act of 2010 (HB1160), the Governor‟s Office of Crime Control and Prevention (GOCCP) created a survey in order to compile a statewide directory of youth gang prevention and intervention programs. Survey responses will provide the State of Maryland with a better picture of the gang prevention and intervention services that exist within each jurisdiction. Results will be included in a report due to the Maryland General Assembly in July 2011. The report will outline national and local evidence based practices in gang prevention and intervention programs and recommend pilot programs for middle schools and high schools in Maryland.

GOCCP‟s web-based survey has been crafted to minimize response time while capturing the most relevant program information. If you have any questions, please contact Jeffrey Zuback, Director of the Maryland Statistical Analysis Center, at [email protected] or 410-821- 2843. Please complete this survey no later than May 10, 2011.

This survey should take no more than 30 minutes. We appreciate your time and thank you for contributing to this important effort.

Please click START to begin the survey.

START

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Safe Schools Act of 2010 Gang Program Survey

Please complete the contact information below.

Name ______

Email Address ______

Name of Organization/School ______

Organization/School Address ______

County ______

Basic Instructions:

You will complete one set of survey questions per program. When you complete these questions for a particular program, click ADD ANOTHER PROGRAM if you have additional programs to enter. When all programs have been entered, click SUBMIT.

Note: If your organization does not have any gang prevention and intervention programs, please type in “none” under program name, disregard all other questions, and click SUBMIT.

Click NEXT to begin the survey of your program(s).

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Program Name ______Program has been operational since (month/year) ______Organization Director or Program Coordinator (person and agency) ______

Service site (check all that apply) State-wide

County-wide Multi-county (list counties) Neighborhood/community-based (list all

involved neighborhoods/communities)

School-based (list schools) Approximate number of youth served per year ______

Funding sources (check all that apply) State grant Federal grant

Local government

Private

Other (please list)

Provide a brief description of the program and its goals ______

NEXT 36

Select the appropriate program components for each applicable target population below (check all that apply)

General Population At-Risk Youth Known Gang Members

Gang education/awareness Gang education/awareness Gang education/awareness

Alternative activities Alternative activities Alternative activities

Social/behavior skills training Social/behavior skills training Social/behavior skills train

Gang membership reduction Gang membership reduction Gang membership reduction

Supervision Supervision Supervision

Anti-bullying Anti-bullying Anti-bullying

Other (please list) Other (please list) Other (please list)

Criteria for youth participation in the program Gang membership

(check all that apply) Poor academic performance

Truancy

Disruptive or criminal behavior

Substance abuse

Mental health issue

Low household income

Other (please list)

Agency responsible for referring youth to this program ______

Ages of children served (check all that apply) Elementary School

Middle School High School Other

Age‟s __ to __ years NEXT 37

List all partnering agencies/organizations in this program ______

Performance measures of this program (ex: number of youth served etc.) ______

List any successes of the program. ______

List any obstacles faced with carrying out this program. ______

SUBMIT ADD ANOTHER PROGRAM 38

Appendix B: Directory of Gang Prevention/Intervention Programs and Resources The following pages contain a directory of gang prevention, intervention, and community awareness programs throughout the State of Maryland. As required by the Safe Schools Act of 2010, GOCCP developed a community services survey to compile this directory; therefore, the content provided is limited to survey respondent submissions and public safety agencies and does not represent an endorsement of any program by GOCCP. Programs are organized by county and alphabetically listed by program name. The directory provides necessary information to locate specific programs of interest and a brief summary of each. For more information, visit the website desired.

ALLEGANY COUNTY Boys & Girls Club at Bates 121 South Villa Avenue ASP (After School Programs) Annapolis MD, 21401 108 Washington Street Telephone: 410-263-2542 P.O. Box 1724 http://www.bgcaa.com Cumberland, MD 21501 301-759-2044 Boys & Girls Clubs of Annapolis & Anne Youth Services Agency (Coordinator) Arundel County - Admiral Oaks http://boe.allconet.org/ 417C Captain‟s Circle Annapolis MD, 21401 Countywide program serves as an alternative to Telephone: 410-280-1371 out of school suspensions for Middle School and http://www.bgcaa.com High School students. This program allows schools to reduce the number of days students CYS Teen Center are suspended from school. 3102 MacArthur Road Fort Meade MD, 20755 Gang Prevention and Awareness Telephone: 301-677-6054 Dept. of Juvenile Services http://www.ftmeademwr.com One James Day Drive Cumberland, MD 21502 Fort Meade Youth Services 301-722-1600 909 Ernie Pyle Street Cumberland Police Dept. (Coordinator) Fort Meade MD, 20755 Telephone: 301-677-1437 Middle School and High School based program http://www.ftmeademwr.com which provides the public with information on gang activities and gang prevention efforts in the Freetown Village county. 7820 Darrell Henry Pasadena MD, 21122 ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY Telephone: 410.437.0880 http://www.bgcaa.com Annapolis-Bywater Boys & Girls Club 1903 Copeland Street Annapolis, MD 21401 Telephone: 410-269-7648 http://www.bgcaa.com

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Gang Activity Control Program Department School Safety Section. This 1 Harry S. Truman Pkwy. Suite 103 program assists in developing and implementing Annapolis, MD 21401 gang awareness lesson plans and public 410-222-7423 education announcements for AACPS students. Romy Scott (Program Coordinator) www.aacounty.org Gang Awareness and Training – “What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You.” After school program, based out of Meade Anne Arundel County Police Department Middle School, that teaches methods for 8495 Veterans Highway effective conflict resolution to avoid violence. Millersville, MD 21108 The program educates parents, teachers and 410-222-8500 clergy as to the signs of emerging gang activity, Arlen Liverman, Deputy Superintendent - Anne provides guidance to adolescents on how to Arundel County Public Schools (Coordinator) recognize gang recruitment efforts, educates and www.aacps.org counsels adolescents to understand the destructive ramifications of gang members, and School based gang awareness education program provides alternatives to adolescents to assisting communities in gang awareness and discourage participation in gang membership anti-gang resources. In partnership with the and activities. Anne Arundel County Police Department, AACPS will create and implement a three year Gang Awareness student safety initiative to address gangs, gang Annapolis Police Department behaviors and gang-related occurrences. The 199 Taylor Ave program will also provide resources for schools Annapolis, MD 21401 and the community to ensure student safety and 410-268-9000 promote academic achievement. Sgt. Jessica Kirchner (Coordinator) Glen Burnie Boys & Girls Club School based program for Elementary Schools, 511 South Crain Highway Middle Schools, High Schools, and individuals Glen Burnie, MD 21061 aged 18 to 25 years old (Bates MS, Annapolis Telephone: 410-768-0477 HS, Phoenix Center, AACO Public Schools). http://www.tsabaltimore.org This program teaches gang awareness and gang identifiers in order to assist parents and teachers Meade Village Boys & Girls Club identify potential problem youth. If youth are 1710 Meade Village Circle identified officers speak with the youth and their Severn MD, 21144 parents regarding gangs and the negative affect Telephone: 410-551-9241 they will have on a youth's life. http://www.bgcaa.com

Gang Awareness & Training for Anne School-Age Services Program, Fort George Arundel Co Public Schools G. Meade Anne Arundel County Public Schools 1900 Reece Road 2644 Riva Rd Fort Meade MD, 20755 Annapolis, MD 21401-7427 Telephone: 301-677-1245 410- 222-5000 http://www.ftmeademwr.com Arlen Liverman (Deputy Superintendent)

Elementary School, Middle School, and High School based program provided by the Anne Arundel County Public Schools in conjunction with the Anne Arundel County Police 40

BALTIMORE CITY Community Law In Action Youth Advocacy Program Baltimore Community High School - Anti- 520 W. Fayette Street gang, Anti-bullying Tolerance Group Baltimore, MD 21201 6820 Fait Ave 410-706-3875/410-706-0041 Baltimore, MD 21224 Laura E. Furr, J.D. (443) 642-2035 www.communityinlawaction.org Brian E Jones (Coordinator) www.baltimorecityschools.org Gang Awareness Program at BCPS 6401 Pioneer Drive School based program for Middle Schools and Baltimore, MD 21214 High Schools (Baltimore Community High (410) 545-1783 School). The school has counselors, a social Sgt. Hamm (Coordinator) worker and other outside resources that come to www.baltimorecityschools.org the schools to talk about gangs, tolerance for others, and bullying prevention. This program, based out of Reginald Lewis High School, provides fact-filled presentations on Boys Club at Baltimore City Juvenile Justice what gangs are, how to be more aware of gangs, Center and who to call for assistance. The presentation 300 N. Gay Street also identifies programs and activities that give Units 42 & 43/Residents Detention youth a sense of belonging as an alternative to Baltimore, MD 21202 the belonging that they get by joining a gang. Telephone: 443-263-8173 http://www.bgcmetrobaltimore.org Gang Awareness Workshop Baltimore City Sheriff's Office Boys & Girls Clubs of Metropolitan 100 N. Calvert St, Room 114 Baltimore - Brooklyn Homes Unit Baltimore, MD 21202 4140 Tenth Street 410-396-1155 Baltimore, MD 21225 Lenora A. Dawson (Coordinator) Telephone: 443-312-6864 http://www.bgcmetrobaltimore.org This workshop educates children and parents on identifying gangs, why children join gangs, gang Boys & Girls Clubs of Metropolitan membership requirements, identifying pre-crisis Baltimore - O'Donnell Heights Unit indicators, recognizing if children are in gangs, 1200 Gusryan Street identifying gang symbols, and tips on how to Baltimore, MD 21224 prevent children from joining gangs. Telephone: 410-633-4315 http://www.bgcmetrobaltimore.org Get Out The Game Baltimore City Police Child First-High Expectations Hot Line: 443-984-7217 3904 Hickory Avenue, Suite 200 Lt. Colonel Richard Hite Jr. Baltimore, MD 21211 410-367-8520 A referral program for 14 to 24 year olds who Ronald Covington (Coordinator) are at high risk and involved with the criminal www.childfirstauthority.org justice system.

High School based program that provides wrap- around services to high risk youth and addresses gang involvement, truancy, and behavior management. 41

G.R.E.A.T. Program John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Department of Juvenile Services Health, Center for Prevention and Early 120 West Fayette Street, Fourth Floor Intervention Baltimore, MD 21201 www.jhsph.edu/PreventYouthViolence/ Dr. Mark L. Bowen (Coordinator) www.great-online.org This program provides resource information as a public service. It also brings together multiple The G.R.E.A.T. Program is a school-based, law organizations, agencies, community groups, and enforcement officer-instructed classroom institutions to address the issue of violence. curriculum. With prevention as its primary objective, the program is intended as an New Vision Youth Services immunization against delinquency, youth 1600 North Calvert Street violence, and gang membership. Baltimore, MD 21202 410-244-5700 G.R.E.A.T. Program Billy Stanfield, Director Baltimore City Police Department www.nvys.org 601 East Fayette Street Baltimore, MD 21202 On Our Shoulders G.R.E.A.T. Program Training Coordinator 2846 W. Lafayette Street National Training Hotline (800) 726-7070 Baltimore, MD 21216 E-mail: [email protected] 410-947-3700 www.great-online.org Ray Cook, Director www.baltimorepolice.org [email protected]

G.R.E.A.T. Program Park Heights Boys & Girls Club Baltimore City School Police Department 4910 Park Heights Avenue 200 East North Avenue Baltimore, MD 21215 Baltimore, MD 21202 Telephone: 410-466-0142 (410) 396-8588 http://www.bgcmetrobaltimore.org Sgt. Akil Hamm [email protected] PBIS (Positive Behavior Intervention http://openaccess.baltimorecityschools.org Strategies) www.great-online.org Renaissance Academy High www.baltimorecityschools.org 1301 McCulloh Street Baltimore, MD 21217 Integrity Center 443-984-3164 Forest Park High School Janet Lattie, Assistance Principal (Coordinator) 3701 Eldorado Ave www.pbis.org Baltimore, MD 21207 (410) 396-0753 High School program based out of Renaissance Theo T. Devine, Sr.-BCPSS (Coordinator) Academy. PBIS improves the behavioral outcomes of all scholars and prevents gang School based program addressing behavior involvement. detrimental to the educational culture and climate of the building. The program also identifies students that demonstrate exemplary behavior daily and utilizes interventions and incentives to promote academic achievement.

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Safe Streets Baltimore Westport Homes Boys & Girls Club Baltimore City Mayor's Office on Criminal 2343 Norfolk Avenue Justice Baltimore, MD 21230 100 N Holliday St Telephone: 443-760-1921 Baltimore, MD 21202 http://www.bgcmetrobaltimore.org 443-984-3566 Lori Toscano, Baltimore City Health BALTIMORE COUNTY Department (Coordinator) http://baltimorehealth.org/children-and- Annual Gang Awareness Program infants/safe-streets Baltimore County Public Schools George Washington Carver Center for Arts & Neighborhood-based program located at Technology McElderry Park and Cherry Hill High School, 938 York Road targeting individuals aged 14 to 25 years old. Towson, MD 21204 Modeled after Chicago's Ceasefire program, Karen Steele, Principal Safe Streets incorporates and emphasizes a 410-887-2775 strong street outreach component. Outreach BCPS Safe Schools Conference (Coordinator) workers canvass neighborhoods and connect http://carverhs.bcps.org with high-risk youth and young adults during evenings and weekends to diffuse situations and Countywide annual gang awareness education link them to services. and training program for administrators and staff. The Salvation Army Boys & Girls Club of Franklin Square Awareness Program 215 North Calhoun Street Deep Creek Middle School Baltimore, MD 21223 1000 S. Marlyn Avenue Telephone: 410-728-4888 Baltimore, MD 21224 http://www.tsabaltimore.org 410-887-0112 School Resource Officer and A.P. (Coordinator) Urban Leadership Institute http://www.edline.net 1111 Park Avenue, Suite L-151 Baltimore, MD 21201 Gang awareness training for administrators, 410-467-1605/877-339-4300 staff, parents and students at Deep Creek Middle Lamar Shields, President & Co-Founder School. The goals of the program are to increase David Miller, Co-Founder awareness of gang activity in the community, www.urbanyouth.org prevent student involvement in gangs, and decrease gang related incidents in the school. Violence Prevention Program (VPP) 410-706-0550 Choices Program www.umm.edu/shocktrauma/vip.htm Baltimore County Police Department 700 East Joppa Road The VPP, located at the University of Towson, MD 21286 Maryland‟s Shock Trauma Center, is designed to 410-887-1340 (Woodlawn Precinct) reduce the risk factors leading to violent and Sgt Kyle Blackburn (Coordinator) criminal activity. VPP is an evidence-based http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov program that has been operational for 10 yrs. This program is an outreach presentation for school aged youth. It is particularly aimed toward immigrant and minority populations. The program stresses the importance of decision 43

making relative to gangs, bullying and related Gang Activity and Similar Destructive or topics. Illegal Behavior, Policy and Rule 5551 Owings Mills High School D.A.R.E. 124 S. Tollgate Road Baltimore County Public Schools Owings Mills, MD 21117 Woodlawn Middle School 410-887-1700 3033 St. Lukes Lane Dale Rauenzahn (Coordinator) Baltimore, MD 21207 http://www.bcps.org 410-887-1304 http://www.dare-america.com This (proposed) program provides for reporting http://schools.bcps.org procedures for suspected gang activity, provides for a tracking system, creates procedures for D.A.R.E. is a police officer-led series of investigation of suspected gang activity, will classroom lessons that teaches children from develop resources on support and intervention. kindergarten through 12th grade how to resist peer pressure and live productive drug and Gang Awareness Education Program violence-free lives. Perry Hall Middle School 4300 Ebenezer Road D.A.R.E. Baltimore, MD 21236 Catonsville Middle School 410-877-5100 2301 Edmondson Avenue BCPS/BCOPD (Coordinator) Catonsville, MD 21228 http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov 410-887-0803 Mark Wissman, Baltimore County Police School resource officers provide staff with Department (Coordinator) professional development in the area of gang http://www.dare-america.com awareness. Staff members can refer students http://catonsvillems.bcps.org who are involved in gang activity to counselors, administrators and resource officer. Students are D.A.R.E. provided with counseling and assistance as Sudbrook Magnet Middle School needed. 4300 Bedford Road Baltimore, MD 21208 Gang Awareness Program 410-887-6720 Baltimore County Public Schools http://www.dare-america.com George Washington Carver Center for Arts & http://sudbrookms.bcps.org Technology 938 York Road DARE School Resource Officer Program Towson, MD 21204 Golden Ring Middle School 410-887-2775 6700 Kenwood Ave Karen Steele, Principal Baltimore, MD 21237 School administrative team and SRO 410-887-0130 (Coordinator) Officer Gephart-Baltimore County Police http://carverhs.bcps.org Department (Coordinator) http://www.bcps.org/offices/sss/safe_drugfree/g http://www.dare-america.com ang-awareness.html http://www.bcps.org School based gang awareness education program for administrative and supervisory personnel

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Gang Awareness Training (GAT) School based program providing information for Baltimore County Police Department parents regarding their child's possible 700 East Joppa Road association with gang members or having been Towson, MD 21286 identified displaying gang related behavior. 410-887-2214 Parents who desire intervention are referred to Mark D. Metzger (Coordinator) the Baltimore County PD Counseling Team. http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov SADD Club GAT is presented to organizations and Pine Grove Middle School community groups to educate those regarding 9200 Old Harford Rd, Baltimore, MD 21234 gangs and bullying. (410) 887-5270 SRO Officer Lindy Hall (Coordinator) G.R.E.A.T. Program http://www.sadd.org/ Baltimore County Police Department 700 East Joppa Road School based program at Pine Grove Middle Towson, MD 21286-5501 School. The program is an aggressive anti- Baltimore County Police Gang Hotline: bullying campaign run throughout the school (410) 823-0785 year. Teachers and counselors receive training www.great-online.org on how to assist should this concern become a reality for our students. Services offered include Multisystematic Therapy MST support, peer-mediation and conflict resolution Baltimore County Department of Health programs. 6401 York Road Baltimore MD 21212 Safe Schools Conference 410-887-3740 Dulaney High School Bert Otts, Program Director, Community 255 E. Padonia Road Solutions, Inc. (Coordinator) Timonium MD 21093 http://www.csi- 410-887-7633 online.org/youth_services/mst.html (vendor) Patsy Holmes, Office of Safe Schools http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/l (Coordinator) mb/continuum.html http://www.edline.net/pages/Dulaney_High_Sch ool MST is an evidenced based program that reduces recidivism, juvenile delinquency, and Each fall, all school administrators attend a Safe out of home placements. MST is a dynamic Schools Conference in Timonium. Several program that engages Middle and High School workshops each year deal with gang-related youth and the parents to work towards issues. delinquency reduction. The program addresses pro-social behavior, parenting & supervision, School Resource Officers and productive outcomes for the youth. Baltimore County Police Department 700 E. Joppa Road Parent Notification Program (PNP) Towson, Maryland 21286-550 Baltimore County Police Department 410-887-6341 700 East Joppa Road Sergeant Busic (Coordinator) Towson, MD 21286 http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov 410-887-2214 Mark D. Metzger (Coordinator) Baltimore County Police Officers are assigned http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov to all secondary schools to work with school staff on all aspects of violence prevention. As needed, the school resource officer provides 45

information for staff about recognizing symbols, awareness/education along with a Bullying membership, etc. component within their "Step On Up" program.

The Salvation Army Boys & Girls Club of CAROLINE COUNTY Middle River 1400 Fuselage Avenue School Resource Officer Baltimore, MD 21220 25320 Richardson Road Telephone: 410-682-2450 Federalsburg, Maryland 21632 http://www.tsabaltimore.org (410) 754-5575 Ron Dixon, Caroline County Sheriff's Dep't. CALVERT COUNTY (Coordinator) http://www.carolinesheriff.org Bayside Boys & Girls Club http://cl.k12.md.us 9021 Dayton Avenue North Beach MD, 20714 The SRO Program, based out of Colonel Telephone: 410-286-9880 Richardson High, is a nationally accepted http://www.bgcsm.net program involving the placement of a law enforcement officer within the educational Lusby Teen Center environment. School Resource Officers receive 11570 H.G. Trueman Road specialized training given by the National Lusby, MD 20657 Association of School Resource Officers. The Telephone: 410-326-2961 basic TRIAD concept, which signifies the http://www.bgcsm.net philosophy of the school resource officer program, dictates that officers are teachers, Patuxent River MD Navy Youth Programs counselors, and law enforcers. 46383 Hinkle Circle, Bldg. 1597 NAS Patuxent River MD, 20670 CARROLL COUNTY Telephone: 301-342-1694 Brief Strategic Family Therapy Program Spring Ridge Unit 59 Kate Wagner Rd. Spring Ridge Middle School Westminster, MD 21157 19856 Three Notch Road (443) 244-8678 Lexington Park, MD 20653 Patricia Shaffer, LCSW-C (Coordinator) Telephone: 301-737-4200 http://bsft.org/ http://www.bgcsm.net http://www.ccysb.org/index.php?pid=71

Tri-County Youth Services Bureau The Brief Strategic Family Therapy Program 75 Industrial Park Drive (BSFT) is a short-term, problem-focused, Waldorf, MD 20602 evidenced-based model of counseling for 301-843-2960 children, adolescents and their families. The Laurel James and Patricia Wheeler program targets children with conduct problems, (Coordinator) problematic family relationships, substance [email protected] abuse, oppositional defiant behavior, [email protected] delinquency, aggressive & violent behavior, http://tcysb.org/ risky sexual behavior, and anti-social peer involvement. This model of therapy involves the Multicounty (Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's) entire family in counseling sessions and focuses based program for Middle Schools and High on changing the way family members interact, Schools which includes a Gang so that positive relationships are strengthened and negative behaviors are reduced. The BSFT 46

program serves youth from 6 to 18 years of age. CECIL COUNTY BSFT is endorsed as a model program by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Perryville Outreach Prevention (OJJDP) and the Substance Abuse Cecil County Public Schools and Mental Health Service Administration 201 Booth Street (SAMHSA). Elkton, MD 21921 410-996-5400 Gangs in Maryland Perryville Police Department (Coordinator) 125 North Court Street http://www.ccps.org Westminster, MD 21157 (410) 751-3171 Police department sponsored after school Larry Faries (Coordinator of School Security) program for youth grade 6-12. The goal is to modify social behavior to community-acceptable Gang awareness training for county public limits. school faculty and staff. CHARLES COUNTY G.R.E.A.T. Juvenile Justice Services Charles County Sheriff's Office (CCSO) 120 West Fayette Street, Fourth Floor Summer Youth Program Baltimore, MD 21201 Charles County Sheriff's Office Dr. Mark L. Bowen (Coordinator) 6915 Crain Highway www.great-online.org PO Box 189 La Plata, MD 20646 The G.R.E.A.T. Program is a school-based, law 301-932-2222 enforcement officer-instructed classroom Sgt. Vaughn/Sgt. Rye (Coordinator) curriculum at the Victor Cullen Center and Fresh http://www.ccso.us/index.php Start/Living Classroom. With prevention as its primary objective, the program is intended as an Charles County middle school program immunization against delinquency, youth facilitated by the CCSO School Resource Unit. violence, and gang membership. The program provides activities and classroom instruction in the following areas: Academics, Together tutoring, reading skills enhancement, social 60 Monroe Street skills building, goal setting, decision making, Westminster, MD 21157 self-esteem building, conflict resolution, refusal 410-751-3189 skills, communication skills, violence and gang Tom Hill CCPS (School Principle and prevention, gun safety awareness, substance Coordinator) abuse prevention, health awareness, nutrition http://www.carrollk12.org/wml/ skills, vocational training, employment opportunity, recreational activities and athletics. TOGETHER is a student run anti-bullying The program goals are to move at risk youth "off program based out of West Middle School. The the fence" by providing them with strategies program has students sign a pledge to show which will make them successful students and respect, report issues, support students, and citizens. prevent bullying.

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D.A.R.E. Multicounty (Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's) Charles County Sheriff‟s Office based program for Middle Schools and High P.O. Box 189 Schools which includes a Gang LaPlata, MD 20646 awareness/education along with a Bullying 301-609-6400 component within their "Step On Up" program. Sgt. Vaughn/Sgt. Rye Charles County Sheriff's Office (Coordinator) Truth and Consequences http://www.dare-america.com Charles County Sheriff's Office (Coordinator) http://www.ccso.us/index.php P.O. Box 189 LaPlata, MD 20646 Indian Head Naval Base - My Generation 301-609-6400 Youth Center 301-934-9305 3992 Stark Road, Bldg. 441 http://www.charlescounty.org/hsp Indian Head MD, 20640 http://www.ccso.us Telephone: 301-743-5456 Truth & Consequences program offers a gang Safe Schools Program awareness/education component within the full P.O. Box 189 program that is offered to all incoming 9th LaPlata, MD 20646 graders to the local high schools. All 9th grade 301-609-6400 students receive this curriculum as it is rolled Sgt. Vaughn/Sgt. Rye Charles County Sheriff's into some of their classes. Office (Coordinator) http://www.ccso.us DORCHESTER COUNTY

This program currently includes all parents, Dorchester Community Partnership for school employees and others with interest in Children & Families youth within the geographic boundaries of 501 Court Lane Room 103 Charles County. The program is taught as a Cambridge, MD 21613 component part of the School Resource (410) 228-0281 Officer‟s assigned duties to all public school Nancy Shockley (Coordinator) system employees, parochial school employees, http://www.dorchestercluster.umb.edu/ and parent-community groups upon request. The http://www.fgia.com program's lesson plan focuses on a variety of issues, to include: reality-based incidents Program utilizes the Phoenix Curriculum for its involving youth occurring within the anti-gang strategies. The Phoenix Curriculum community, youth & gang violence and guides youth to develop self efficacy in substance abuse education issues targeted at identifying and addressing the highest risk educating participants. They are also provided factors for gang involvement. Participants in the with references to outreach programs to assist gang program will learn the skills needed to them. recognize high risk people, places, things and situations and will develop the confidence that Tri-County Youth Services Bureau they can handle these risk factors effectively. Tri-County Youth Services Bureau, Inc. 75 Industrial Park Drive Waldorf, MD 20602 Phone: 301-843-2960 Laurel James, Executive Director (Coordinator) http://www.charlescounty.org/hsp http://tcysb.org/

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FREDERICK COUNTY Monocacy Middle School Boys & Girls Club Frederick, MD, 21702 Burck Street Boys & Girls Club Telephone: 301-600-1875 413 Burck Street http://www.bgcfc.org Frederick, MD 21701 Telephone: 301-600-1875 TJ Middle School Boys & Girls Club http://www.bgcfc.org Frederick, MD 21701 Telephone: 301-600-1875 Crestwood Middle School Boys & Girls Club http://www.bgcfc.org Frederick, MD, 21703 Telephone: 301-600-1875 Walter Reed Army Medical Center Youth & http://www.bgcfc.org School Age Services Center Frederick, MD 21702 Fort Detrick Youth Services SkyDome Telephone: 301-295-7208 Frederick, MD 21702 http://www.detrick.army.mil Telephone: 301-619-2901 http://www.detrick.army.mil West Frederick Middle School Boys & Girls Club Gang Awareness Prevention and Intervention Frederick, MD 21701 Frederick County Public Schools Telephone: 301-600-1875 191 South East Street http://www.bgcfc.org Frederick, MD 21701 410-209-4842 HARFORD COUNTY Vince Devivo (USAMD) (Coordinator) [email protected] Aberdeen Unit [email protected] 100 E. Bel Air Avenue Aberdeen, MD 21001 System leadership meeting designed to inform Telephone: 410-272-0010 parents, teachers and school administrators how http://www.bgcharfordco.org best to protect young people from criminal gangs. Includes a brief history of gangs, Aberdeen Youth Center identifies gangs operating in Maryland, suggests Aberdeen Proving Ground MD, 21005 prevention and intervention strategies, and Telephone: 410-278-4995 provides gang prevention and intervention http://www.apgmwr.com resources. Aberdeen Youth Program G.R.E.A.T. Program Harford County Public Library (Aberdeen Frederick Police Department Branch) 100 West Patrick Street 41 Franklin St. Frederick, MD 21701 Aberdeen, MD 21001 Michele Bowman (Community Outreach 410-273-5608 Coordinator) Micah S Mincey (Coordinator) 301-600-2091 [email protected] www.great-online.org http://hcplonline.org http://www.cityoffrederick.com Countywide and neighborhood based program which seeks to reach out to community and neighborhood teens and provides productive activities that engage them and provides opportunities for personal growth. 49

Badges for Baseball Edgewood Youth Center Harford County Sheriff's Office Aberdeen Proving Ground MD, 21005 45 South Main Street Telephone: 410.436.2862 Bel Air, MD 21014 http://www.apgmwr.com Keith Warner (Coordinator) 410-838-6600 G.R.E.A.T. Program [email protected] Aberdeen Police Department http://ripkenfoundation.org/badges.php 60 North Parke Street Aberdeen, MD 21001 Badges for Baseball, in conjunction with the (410) 272-2121 Ripken Foundation, provides opportunities for Lt. Budnick or Officer Karen Kerins young people to learn to work with others, learn http://www.aberdeenpolice.org/ a skill, and learn life lessons. Police officers and www.great-online.org civilians teach our youth how to avoid the dangers on the street. G.R.E.A.T. Harford County Sheriff's Office Boys & Girls Clubs of Harford County 45 South Main Street 525 W. MacPhail Road Bel Air, MD 21014 Bel Air, MD 21014 410-838-6600 Telephone: 410-838-3354 Greg Dietz (Coordinator) http://www.bgcharfordco.org www.great-online.org

Bridges to Success G.R.E.A.T. Program 1301 Continental Drive, Suite 103 Havre de Grace Police Department Abingdon, Maryland 21009 715 Pennington Avenue 410-676-4002 ext. 1225 Havre de Grace, MD 21078 Anne Marie Porretti, LCPC Villa Maria (410) 939-2121 (Coordinator) http://www.havredegracemd.com [email protected] www.great-online.org http://www.catholiccharities-md.org/ird/bridges- to-success.html Havre de Grace Unit 351 Lewis Lane A diversion program for youth (9 – 18 yrs. old) Havre de Grace, MD 21078 displaying delinquent type behaviors including: Telephone: 410-939-0822 x9397899 habitual truancy, running away, ungovernable http://www.bgcharfordco.org behaviors, and at risk behavior. The program provides intensive in-home services to the child Safe Yet & Cares Club and family for 90 - 120 days. Needs and goals Pastor Carol Taylor are identified and a plan is developed to address [email protected] these goals. 319 South Main Street Aberdeen MD, 21001 Edgewood Unit 2002 Cedar Drive Countywide based program for Middle Schools Edgewood, MD 21040 and High Schools. SAFE YET is a youth Telephone: 410-676-1020 organized coalition. CARES Club is an after http://www.bgcharfordco.org school mentoring program.

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School Outreach and Advocacy Program Community Athletic Program (SOAP-Level II) Howard County Police Department 410-838-9000 3410 Courthouse Drive Jennifer Redding, LCSW-C (Coordinator) Ellicott City, MD 21043 http://www.harfordcountymd.gov/services/LMB 410-313-3200 /index.cfm?ID=282 Sgt Tyrone Queen-Howard County Police Department (Coordinator) The program provides individual and family http://www.co.ho.md.us/police/police_homepag therapy, crisis intervention, and case e.htm management for children attending Bakerfield E.S., Lisby-Hillsdale E.S., Roye-Williams E.S., The Community Athletic Program, or CAP, Meadowvale E.S., Church Creek E.S., Prospect consists of a traveling trailer, staffed with school Mill E.S. designed to provide early intervention resource officers. The trailer is filled with sports and prevention services to elementary school gear, games and video game equipment. The children and their families. The overall goals of concept is for police to engage with at-risk youth SOAP-Level II are to strengthen children's and in areas where young people congregate during family's coping skills, and prevent children from the summer months. The CAP is deployed to joining/ aligning with gangs. neighborhoods where youth gather – usually unsupervised – and offers productive activities HOWARD COUNTY with an aim to deter crime and gang involvement. As an added benefit, the program BearTrax fosters positive relationships between at-risk 3410 Court House Drive youth and police. The program will also better Ellicott City Md, 21043 utilize school resource officers by deploying 410-313-2200 them to work with youth throughout the Sgt Diana Peters Howard County Police summer. The goal is to deter crime and gang Department (Coordinator) involvement. http://www.howardcountymd.gov/Police/pd_you th.htm PLEDGE Howard County Police Department BearTrax is an outreach program designed to 3410 Courthouse Drive enhance relationships between police officers Ellicott City, MD 21043 and youth. The program has expanded from two 410-313-3200 one week camps and a holiday party to a year Sgt Don Becraft (Coordinator) round mentoring program. Children nominated http://www.co.ho.md.us/police/police_homepag by school administrators are not delinquent; e.htm however, elements in their environment have been identified as potential cause of later Program targets 9th graders in the Howard problems. Police Officers, civilian personnel and County Public School System who have been Explorers serve as counselors for the program. identified by School Resource Officer's and/or The goal is to enhance positive interaction guidance counselors as having the potential to be between the Police and youth through involved in criminal or gang activity. SRO's community collaborations involving educational staff the program, which reinforces ideas like and recreational activities. respect for diversity, the value of education, and conflict resolution. The SRO's maintain contact with these students at their respective high schools for the remainder of their time in high school.

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MARYLAND STATEWIDE Maryland Community Crime Prevention Institute (MCCPI)’s Community Gang A Friend of a Friend Awareness 2010: Training the Trainer 410-323-7200 410-875-3425 www.afsc.org Pat Sill, Executive Director Email: [email protected] A mentoring project at the Maryland Correctional Training Center, Hagerstown, Maryland Department of Juvenile Services Friend of a Friend, utilizes a conflict resolution Gang Intelligence Unit curriculum. Designed for people in correctional 410-480-7841 facilities, its purpose is to help participants learn Frank Clark, Assistant Director non-violent ways to deal with conflict and to build positive relationships through mentorship. Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services DESIRES Youth Program Division of Correction Intelligence Coordinating 3651 Hilmar Rd. Unit Windsor Mill MD. 21244 www.dpscs.state.md.us 443-848-5757 Steven Jeter (Coordinator) Maryland Gangs: Information and www.desiresyouthprogram.com Prevention www.gangs.umd.edu The goals of the D.E.S.I.R.E.S. Youth Program is to increase academic performance, decrease This is a website developed by the University of dropout rate, increase parent involvement, and Maryland offering a citizen‟s guide to gangs, increase community investment and specific gang locations in Maryland and collaboration. resources which offer help with youth prevention. Don't Die Young/Lion Heart Community Service Initiative of Maryland Regional Information Centers Lion Heart Project Statewide: 1-800-492-TIPS (8477) 443-558-8414 Craig Powell Maryland Youth Crisis Center Hotline www.lionheartmarketing.org http://www.communitycrisis.org/mych.html 800-422-0009 Gang Awareness School Outreach Program District of Maryland Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Office: 410-209-4842 Prevention Cell: 240-460-1374 http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/programs/antigang/i Vince DeVivo ndex.html [email protected] The Core Youth Program Inc. Maryland Attorney General’s Office Taking Back our Youth Today for Tomorrow Criminal Division, Gang Unit 2555 Harford Road, 2nd Floor 410-576-6380 Baltimore, MD 21218 www.oag.state.md.us 443-839-6016 Greland Lowery, President

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Tools 4 Success Workshop Anti-Bullying Anne Thacker Winston Churchill High School Youth Crime Prevention Specialist/Maryland 11300 Gainsborough Rd Crime Prevention Association, Inc. (MCPA) Potomac MD, 20854 Youth Initiative 301-469-1227 410-875-3429 / 240-753-8684 Paul Dermont (Coordinator) http://www.mdcrimeprevention.org/ http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/departm ents/forms/230-35.shtm Regional The goal of the program is to create a safe Located throughout the state, these centers act climate where students can focus on academic independently, but also in cooperation with the success and social/emotional development free MCAC. The centers allow citizens to call or from the risk of bullying or harassment. electronically leave “tips” on suspected gang and criminal activity. Information will be Anti-Bullying Task Force processed and subsequently referred to the Kingsview Middle School respective law enforcement agency that would 18909 Kingsview Rd. have jurisdiction.xxx Germantown MD, 20874 (301) 601-4611 Eastern Shore Information Center (ESIC) Elizabeth Thomas and Susan Burkinshaw Salisbury, Maryland (Coordinator) 1-877-917-9191 http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/ [email protected] kingsviewms/

Maryland Coordination and Analysis Center The goal of the program is to change the culture (MCAC) of how bullying is addressed and how to 1-800-492-TIPS (8477) proactively communicate expectations to our http://www/mcac-md.gov/ entire community. A comprehensive school wide anti-bullying program has been developed Southern Maryland Information Center and implemented. (SMIC) Hughesville, Maryland Blue Ribbon Week 1-888-713-7171 John Poole Middle School www.smictf.com 17014 Tom Fox Ave. Poolesville, MD 20837 Western Maryland Information Center (301) 972-7980 (WMIC) Peg Arnold, Counselor (Coordinator) 1-866-969-WMIC (9642) http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/ [email protected] poolems/

MONTGOMERY COUNTY One week of events and activities at John Poole Middle School aimed at preventing bullying. AMEN/Youth Pride Services 2275 Research Blvd, Suite 500, Rockville, MD Gang Youth Prevention Task Force 20850 Montgomery Blair High School 301-926-4700 51 University Blvd, East Fax: 301.596.6440 Silver Spring, MD 20901 Ludley Howard 301-649-2800 www.prideyouthservices.org Luis Cardona (Coordinator) http://www.mbhs.edu 53

Program has several staff members that work Longbranch Recreation Center Afterschool with students at risk for gang activities. They Homework Club work with parents, student and community 8700 Piney Branch Road organizations. Silver Spring, MD 20906 (301) 431-5702 Gang Youth Prevention Task Force Morris Buster Dept. of Health and Human Services 401 Hungerford drive 5th Fl. The program is a partnership between the Rockville, Maryland Montgomery County Recreation Department, (240) 777-1001, Cell (240) 372-3829 Maryland National Capital Park Police, Luis Cardona, Montgomery County Youth IMPACT Silver Spring and several citizen Violence Prevention Coordinator volunteers. Staff from all involved agencies [email protected] mentor elementary school age children in an http://www.kandtvideo.com/GangIdentification/ after school program. The goal of the program is video_page2_cardona.html to provide a structured/educational environment http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/mcgtmpl for ES children, most of who come from low .asp?url=/content/pio/gang/index.asp income families. Help is provided with homework and also life skills. Various (Youth residing in Northern Prince George 's educational programs are offered, gang County can use program in Montgomery prevention/awareness, pedestrian safety, County). bullying, and anger management.

Germantown Unit Montgomery County Mental Health Assoc 19910 Frederick Road (Coordinator) Germantown, MD 20876 http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/ Telephone: 301-353-9600 forestoakms http://www.bgcgw.org Social Worker, Case Manager, Parent & Family Identity, Inc support provided. Forest Oak Middle School 651 Saybrooke Oaks Blvd. Positive Behavior Intervention System (PBIS) Gaithersburg, MD 20877 Earle B. Wood MS C. Kattar, Executive Director (Coordinator) 14615 Bauer Dr. http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/ Rockville, MD, 20853 forestoakms 301-460-2150 Latonya Maddrey (Coordinator) School based program for Forest Oak Middle http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/ School and Gaithersburg High School providing woodms/index.html mentoring and counseling in an after school program for identified youth. This program is a positive behavioral approach to being respectful, responsible, and ready to Linkages To Learning learn. This program incorporates rewards for Forest Oak Middle School authentic behavior. Program includes bullying 651 Saybrooke Oaks Blvd. prevention and harassment issues in class Gaithersburg, MD 20877 lessons. It is a positive merit based program!

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Project Change Wheaton Neighborhood Network P.O. Box 934 Montgomery County Department of Police Olney, MD 20830 2350 Research Blvd. (301) 257-4769 Rockville, MD 20985 Robyn Holstein-Glass (Coordinator) 240-773-5000 , 240-777-8100 http://www.projectchange-md.org/aboutus.php Officer Troy Tippett (Coordinator) www.montgomerycountymd.gov Neighborhood based anti-bullying program for Middle Schools and High Schools in the Olney Neighborhood based program, in Wheaton and MD area. Silver Spring areas, for Elementary Schools, Middle Schools, and High Schools. The Safe & Drug Free Schools Wheaton Neighborhood Network combines the Forest Oak Middle School resources of the Police Recreation, HHS, DJS, 651 Saybrooke Oaks Blvd Private Service Providers and Schools, to Gaithersburg, MD 20877 identify at risk students. A plan is created to (301) 670-8242 intervene in the students life and abate any gang MCPS Staff - Rita Rumbaugh (Coordinator) involvement and at risk behavior. http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/ forestoakms/site%20pages/FOMS%20home1/st Wood Middle School Boys & Girls Mentoring udentassist/foms_studassistteam.htm Program Earle B. Wood MS Student Assistance Program at school --- 14615 Bauer Dr. committee trained to recognize signs of early Rockville, MD, 20853 involvement and then initiate interventions. 301-460-2150 http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/ Silver Spring Branch woodms/index.html 1300 Forest Glen Road Silver Spring, MD 20901 Middle School based mentoring program for Telephone: 301-593-4600 students at-risk both academically and http://www.bgcgw.org behaviorally. The program focuses on social interactions and accountability of behavior as Street Outreach Network well as academic success. Loiederman MS 12701 Goodhill Road PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY Silver Spring, MD 20906 301-929-2282 Andrews Air Force Base Youth Center Alex Arevalo (Coordinator) Andrews AFB, MD 20762 http://www.silverspringcenter.com/ Telephone: 301.324.5516 http://www.316services.com Staff members meet with students who seem to express interest in gangs or glorify gang activity. Brotherhood and Sisterhood Gang The staff members are very straight-forward Prevention (Take Charge/Stop Gang Violence with our students and make good connections Program) with them. The program connects students with Take Charge Program after school and summer programs. 7610 Pennsylvania Avenue, suite 300 Forestville, Md. 20747 301-420-7396 Jerrod Mustaf (Coordinator) http://www.takechargeprogram.org

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Certified gang specialists lead individual and Empowering Males to Build Opportunities to group counseling sessions, workshops and Develop Independence (EMBODI) training for youth, parents and school staff. Prince George's County Police Department, Goals are to drastically reduce the lure of Gang Bureau of Patrol activity, develop positive leadership and civic 7600 Barlowe Road responsibility amongst youth, provide youth Palmer Park, MD 20785 with a safe haven on Friday/Saturday nights, Joyce A. Beck (Coordinator) provide the youth with recreation activities as an [email protected] alternative to gang affiliation and to educate the http://www.princegeorgescountymd.gov youth and community on the gang culture and http://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=12939 gang reality. 5820429444&index=1

Children in Need of Supervision Program EMBODI is a male mentoring program offering District Heights Family & Youth Services mentorships and life skills training that includes 2000 Marbury Dr. interactive instruction and discussion on healthy District Heights, MD 20747 relationships, crime prevention/reduction, (301) 336-7600 financial responsibility, school/college Priscilla Souto, LCPC (Coordinator) readiness, team building, etc. [email protected] http://www.districtheights.org/programs.cfm Gang Intervention Prince George's County Office of the Sheriff The goal of the Children in Need of Supervision 5303 Chrysler Way Program is to prevent pre-delinquent youth in Upper Marlboro, MD 20772 Prince George's County from entering the 301-474-7200 Juvenile Justice System. The program provides Cpl. Rick Johnson (Coordinator) families with crisis intervention, risk http://www.greenbeltmd.gov/police/index.htm assessments, case management, family and group counseling all using an evidence based Alternative program offering high school model, Brief Strategic Family Therapy. students help with obtaining jobs or money for college, help filing FAFSA and other forms, job Community Gang Awareness Seminars applications and online help to help student get Prince Georges County Police out of gangs and see that it is not the only way 7600 Barlowe Road of life. Landover, Maryland 20783 301-333-4000 Gang Youth Prevention Task Force Sgt. George Norris (Coordinator) Dept. of Health and Human Services http://www.princegeorgescountymd.gov/police 401 Hungerford drive 5th Fl. Rockville, Maryland County wide program that provides gang (240) 777-1001, Cell (240) 372-3829 identification and awareness seminars for Luis Cardona, Montgomery County Youth community members, parents, schools, churches Violence Prevention Coordinator and any other community organization that [email protected] requests assistance. This program provides the http://www.kandtvideo.com/GangIdentification/ attendee, through PowerPoint, video, photos and video_page2_cardona.html discussion, the information and tools needed to http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/mcgtmpl recognize possible gang activity in their home, .asp?url=/content/pio/gang/index.asp work and the community. (Youth residing in Northern Prince George 's County can use program in Montgomery County). 56

G.R.E.A.T. QUEEN ANNE’S COUNTY Greenbelt Police Department 550 Crescent Road Olweus Greenbelt, MD 20770 Grasonville Elementary School MPO Kelly Lawson / Greenbelt Police 5435 Main Street Department (Coordinator) Grasonville, MD 21638 www.great-online.org 410-827-8070 Mrs. Roberta Leaverton, Principal G.R.E.A.T. Program Maryland National Capital Park Police Reduce the occurrences of bullying and 6700 Riverdale Road harassment through the identification of the Riverdale, MD 20737 bully, bystanders, and victims. 301-459-9088 www.great-online.org Rachel's Challenge Supervisor of Instruction Office of Youth Strategies and Programs 202 Chesterfield Avenue Prince George's County Office of Youth Centreville, Maryland 21617 Strategies and Programs (410) 758-2403 ext.154 425 Brightseat Road John Schrecongost, Queen Anne's Co. Public Landover, MD 20785 Schools (Coordinator) 301-909-6000 http://qacps.schoolwires.net/1851109141446940 Michael E. Butler (Coordinator) /site/default.asp

The Office of Youth Strategies and Programs Program in based out of Sudlersville Middle (OYSP) were established in 2004 and is the School, targeting 315 6-8th graders. This anti- primary agent in Prince George‟s County, bullying program was started by the father of the Maryland providing outreach and gang first young lady killed in the Columbine prevention services. Forging critical connections incident. The goal of the initiative is to start a between law enforcement and human services, chain reaction of kindness and compassion OYSP works in partnership with the Department throughout the school and community. of Social Services, Police Department, Office of the Sheriff, Department of Corrections, SOMERSET COUNTY Department of Juvenile Justice, State‟s Attorney‟s Office, and the Courts to manage and Crisfield Youth Center/Seasons 4 Success control youth violence and gang activity in Somerset County Local Management Board Prince George's County through effective 8928 Sign Post Road, Suite 1 implementation of prevention and intervention Westover, MD 21871 strategies. 410-623-2906 Darlene Taylor, It Takes A Village to Help Our Take Charge Children, Inc. (Coordinator) Mr. Ernie Gaskins http://www.goccp.maryland.gov/bestPractices/b 7610 Pennsylvania Ave est-practices8.php Forestville, Maryland 301-420-7395 This initiative's mission is to intervene in young people's lives that are a risk for gang involvement and for committing future crimes. Through early identification and early intervention, youth who may have otherwise followed a path toward juvenile detention, residential commitment, or eventually adult 57

prison, will find the support and encouragement Northwestern, High Point, Parkdale, Buck necessary to live happy, productive lives. This Lodge, and William Wirt). The program will be accomplished through the work of a implements 25 hours of curriculum to at risk Program Coordinator who will incorporate youth in the school system to prevent gang community mobilization, recruitment, enrollment, and provides an after school gang mainstreaming and programming, and education prevention curriculum to assist students stay in the program. Youth center staff and away from gangs. volunteers will work to increase support and cooperation among all domains of a student's Somerset County Anti-Gang Initiative life. Somerset County Local Management Board 8928 Sign Post Road, Suite 1 Garland Hayward Youth Center Targeted Westover, MD 21871 Outreach Program 410-623-2906 Garland Hayward Youth Center Susanna Henson, Somerset County Local 30660 Hampden Ave Management Board (Coordinator) Princess Anne, MD 21853 (410) 651-2668 This initiative is an educational awareness Darlene Taylor, It Takes A Village to Help Our campaign at community events. An information Children, Inc. (Coordinator) packet is distributed along with pamphlets on how to recognize gang behaviors in your This initiative's mission is to intervene in young community, what to do if you suspect someone people's lives that have committed minor is involved in a gang and coloring books for offenses and are a risk for gang involvement and younger children teaching about the dangers and for committing future crimes. Through early negative impact gang activity has, and helpful identification and early intervention, youth who hints on how to report suspected activities and may have otherwise followed a path toward how to remain safe in your community. juvenile detention, residential commitment, or eventually adult prison, will find the support and Truancy Court encouragement necessary to live happy, 7982 Crisfield Hwy. productive lives. Westover MD, 21871 (410) 621-6241 G.R.E.A.T. Somerset County Public Schools, Vicki Carter Princess Anne Police Department (Coordinator) 11780 Beckford Avenue [email protected] Princess Anne, MD 21853 http://www.mdcourts.gov/circuit/somerset/truan (410) 651-1822 cy.html Cpl. Scott Carew Princess Anne Police Department (Coordinator) A therapeutic approach to helping families with www.great-online.org children ages five to sixteen to improve their attendance. The focus is on identifying the Leaders Like Me underlying causes of chronic truancy and Maryland Multicultural Youth Centers partnering with community agencies to improve 7411 Riggs Rd, Suite 418 student attendance and school success rates Hyattsville, MD 20783 through referrals for appropriate services and 301-431-3121 support. http://www.layc-dc.org/index.php/home.html

School based program for Elementary Schools, Middle Schools, and High Schools (Langley Park/McCormick Elementary School, 58

ST. MARY’S COUNTY The Program targets at-risk kids and provides them after-school activities. They also do gang Steps to Respect awareness programs through schools, civic 23160 Moakley St. organizations and other venues. Leonardtown, MD 301-475-5511 ext. 2 Normal, Inc. Rhonda L. Harris (Coordinator) Agt. Todd Dunkle - Hagerstown Police [email protected] (Coordinator) http://www.cfchildren.org/programs/str/overvie w/ Martial Arts based mentoring program which provides after school tutoring and computer STEPS TO RESPECT program teaches learning programs coupled with the discipline of elementary students to recognize, refuse, and a regimented martial arts and fitness program. report bullying, be assertive, and build The children‟s membership and the necessary friendships. equipment are funded by the grant.

Tri-County Youth Services Bureau WICOMICO COUNTY Local Management Board 8190 Port Tobacco Road New Vision Youth Services (Baltimore City Port Tobacco, MD 20677 and Wicomico County) Laurel James, Executive Director (Coordinator) 410-244-5700 Billy Stanfield, Director Multicounty based program for Middle Schools www.nvys.org and High Schools (Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's). Gang awareness and education along WORCESTER COUNTY with bullying component is taught within the "Step On Up" program. School Resource Officer Worchester County Sheriff‟s Office TALBOT COUNTY 1 West Market Street Snow Hill MD, 21863 D.A.R.E. (410) 632-1194 Talbot County Sheriff's Office Sheriff Reggie Mason (Coordinator) 115 W. Dover St. Easton, MD 21601 The School Resource Program is designed to put Sheriff Pope (Coordinator) law enforcement officers inside of the schools of http://www.dare-america.com Worcester County, Maryland. This program allows for the students and law enforcement to WASHINGTON COUNTY interact on a more personal basis. Development of a rapport between the two parties is the key Gang Prevention Committee goal of the program. Washington County Sheriff's Office 500 Western Maryland Parkway Hagerstown, MD 21740 Carolyn Brooks, C-SAFE (Coordinator)

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i Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services [DPSCS]. Maryland Gang Intervention and Prevention Resource Information: Gang Activity Leads to a Dead End. Retrieved from http://www.dpscs.state.md.us/publicinfo/publications/pdfs/2009_Gang_Task_Force_Brochure.pdf. ii Maryland State Department of Education, Division of Student, Family, and School Support. (2011). Maryland’s model policy to address gangs, gang activity, and similar destructive or illegal group behavior. iii Clark, F. L., Assistant Director, Gang Intelligence Unit. (2011). Department of Juvenile Services. iv Clark, F. L., Assistant Director, Gang Intelligence Unit. (2011). Department of Juvenile Services. v Governor‟s Office for Children, Governor‟s Grants Office, Maryland Department of Veteran‟s Affairs, Governor‟s Policy Office. (2006). Safer todays, brighter tomorrows: Decreasing youth gang involvement in Maryland. Maryland Coordination and Analysis Center, Gang Analysis and Training Unit (2011). Maryland Gang Trends 2010-2011. vi Governor‟s Office for Children, Governor‟s Grants Office, Maryland Department of Veteran‟s Affairs, Governor‟s Policy Office. (2006). Safer todays, brighter tomorrows: Decreasing youth gang involvement in Maryland. vii Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and Row. Retrieved from http://www.ruralhealth.utas.edu.au/comm-lead/leadership/maslow-diagram.htm. viii Maslow‟s Hierarchy Needs. Retrieved from http://www.associatedcontent.com/image/1633653/index.html?cat=2. ix DeVivo, V. (2011). Gang Awareness School Outreach Program. x DeVivo, V. (2011). Gang Awareness School Outreach Program. xi DeVivo, V. (2011). Gang Awareness School Outreach Program. xii Wood, J., & Alleyne, E. (2010). Street gang theory and research: Where are we now and where do we go from here? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(2), 100-111. xiii U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (2007). Best practices: To address community gang problems. OJJDP‟s comprehensive gang model. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/222799.pdf. xiv Governor‟s Office for Children, Governor‟s Grants Office, Maryland Department of Veteran‟s Affairs, Governor‟s Policy Office. (2006). Safer todays, brighter tomorrows: Decreasing youth gang involvement in Maryland.

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xv Bureau of Justice Assistance [BJA], Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention [OJJDP]. Results from a multisite evaluation of the GREAT program. Retrieved from http://www.nationalgangcenter.gov/Publications/GREAT-Evaluation. xvi Governor‟s Office for Children, Governor‟s Grants Office, Maryland Department of Veteran‟s Affairs, Governor‟s Policy Office. (2006). Safer todays, brighter tomorrows: Decreasing youth gang involvement in Maryland. xvii Governor‟s Office for Children, Governor‟s Grants Office, Maryland Department of Veteran‟s Affairs, Governor‟s Policy Office. (2006). Safer todays, brighter tomorrows: Decreasing youth gang involvement in Maryland. xviii Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder. Retrieved from http://www.colorado.edu xix DeVivo, V. (2011). Gang Awareness School Outreach Program. xx Achievable Dream. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.achievabledream.org/site/PageServer?pagename=dream_schools. xxi U.S. Dream Academy. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.usdreamacademy.org/about. xxii The SEED School of Maryland. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.seedschoolmd.org/. xxiii Henggeler, S. W., & Schoenwald, S. K. (2011). Evidence-based interventions for juvenile offenders and juvenile justice policies that support them. Sharing Child and Youth Development Knowledge, 25(1), 1-28. Retrieved from http://mstservices.com/files/SPR.pdf. xxiv DeVivo, V. (2011). Gang Awareness School Outreach Program. xxv Innovations Institute, University of Maryland Schools of Medicine (2011) Multi-systematic Therapy Maryland Quarterly Utilization, Fidelity, and Outcomes Report. xxvi Sill, P. (2011). Maryland Community Crime Prevention Institute. xxvii Governor‟s Office for Children, Governor‟s Grants Office, Maryland Department of Veteran‟s Affairs, Governor‟s Policy Office. (2006). Safer todays, brighter tomorrows: Decreasing youth gang involvement in Maryland. xxviii Boys & Girls Clubs of America. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.bgca.org/Pages/index.aspx. xxix Wicomico Partnership for Families and Children, and the Local Management Board. (2008). xxx Maryland Intervention and Prevention Resource. Retrieved from http://www.dpscs.state.md.us/publicinfo/publications/pdfs/2009_Gang_Task_Force_Brochure.pdf.

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