Community Character
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Chapter 5: Community Character 5-1 INTRODUCTION This chapter evaluates the potential impacts of the Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing Project related to land use, zoning, public policy, neighborhood character, and community facilities and services. Because the project would replace and continue an existing use, and the majority of work would occur within the existing Interstate 87/287 right-of-way and the Hudson River, potential adverse impacts would be primarily short- term during construction (see Chapter 18, “Construction Impacts”). Therefore, this chapter evaluates whether the operation of the project would adversely alter community character, or affect operation and functionality of any community facilities and services. This chapter also analyzes the compatibility of the project with local zoning ordinances, and other applicable local or regional public policy documents. As part of this analysis, future development plans and anticipated public policy actions that would affect land use and development trends in the study area are described herein. As discussed below, the community character of the study area is currently shaped by the presence of the Tappan Zee Bridge. Since the Replacement Bridge Alternative would maintain a similar alignment to the existing bridge, and would ensure the functionality of this integral regional transportation corridor, the following analysis does not identify any adverse community character impacts related to the project. 5-2 REGULATORY CONTEXT Guidance for consideration of the project’s impacts on community character is derived from FHWA’s Environmental Review Toolkit, Land Use and Transportation Coordination: Lessons Learned from the Domestic Scan Tour (FHWA, 2004), Visualization in Transportation (American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials [AASHTO], 2003), and the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) Project Development Manual. The project’s compatibility with local land use regulations and land use planning policy documents is also analyzed in this chapter. The following section identifies the policy document that guides the analysis of potentially adverse impacts of the project. Section 5-4, “Affected Environment,” provides an analysis of how specific policy documents and zoning laws apply to the project. Historic properties and parklands are protected under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and Section 4(f) of the U.S. Department of Transportation Act. Potential impacts to these resources are further analyzed in the Chapter 7, “Parklands and Recreational Resources,” Chapter 10, “Historic and Cultural Resources,” and Chapter 23, “Draft Section 4(f) Evaluation.” 5-1 Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing Project Environmental Impact Statement 5-2-1 FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T6640.8A Pursuant to the FHWA Technical Advisory document T6640.8A, potential impacts on social groups, neighborhoods, and housing are evaluated based on changes in the neighborhoods or community cohesion for the various social groups as a result of the project. These changes may be beneficial or adverse, and may include splitting neighborhoods, isolating a portion of a neighborhood or an ethnic group, generating new development, changing property values, or separating residents from community facilities, etc. Changes in travel patterns and accessibility (e.g., vehicular, commuter, bicycle, or pedestrian), as well as impacts on school districts, recreation areas, churches, businesses, police, and fire protection, are also to be considered. 5-3 METHODOLOGY The study area for the community character analysis extends to areas along the Tappan Zee Bridge/Interstate 87/287 Corridor that would potentially be affected by the project. To account for both the in-water and upland effects of the project’s construction and operation, the study area has been generally defined as the area along and extending ½ mile north and south of the Interstate 87/287 (New York State Thruway) right-of-way generally between Interchange 10 (Route 9W) in Rockland County and Interchange 9 (Route 9) in Westchester County. The study area identifies the limits of areas in which the community character impacts of the project could potentially occur. In Rockland County, the study area traverses three jurisdictions, including the Town of Orangetown and the Villages of South Nyack and Grand View-on-Hudson, both of which are incorporated villages within the Town of Orangetown. In Westchester County, the study area is entirely within the Village of Tarrytown, which is an incorporated village in the Town of Greenburgh (see Figure 5-1, “Study Area Land Use.”). The Hudson River itself is regulated by a number of federal and state programs. Baseline data for existing land uses, zoning, land use policies, neighborhood character, and community facilities and services within the corridor were developed based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data at the county level for Rockland and Westchester Counties, as well as Village or Town data, as available. Land use regulations and patterns within the study area were compiled based on reviews of local zoning ordinances and comprehensive plans for the jurisdictions within the corridor, as well as field inspections. This information assisted in assessing the project’s potential impacts on and compatibility with land use plans, policies, and planned developments. 5-4 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT The affected environment focuses on the existing community character of the study area, including land use, zoning, public policy, neighborhood character, and community facilities and services. This section summarizes the relevant land use plans and policies, zoning, neighborhood character, and community facilities and services within the study area of each jurisdiction. Planned development projects within the study area are also identified. 5-2 Clarkstown Mount 11.18.11 Pleasant 9W Upper Rockefeller Nyack State Park 6th Ave 5th Ave N Midland Ave 59 11 Nyack N Broadway 9 Main St Depew Ave Hu Cedar Hill Ave d s Bedford Rd o 448 S Broadway South n Sleepy Nyack R Hollow i v 10 e r Wildey St Main St F r Blauvelt a Tarrytown n kl State Park in St Benedict Ave 87 287 Martling Ave Existing S Boulevard Tappan Zee Clausland Mountain Rd Bridge 119 9 Orangetown W e R s o Grand t c c M h L k a View-on e ke Clausland e Dr l t a r -Hudson s o Mountain Blvd Tweed n - t N d e Park o r r 9W t C h C o H o u u Greenburgh u d n n s t o S Broadway y t n y L i n e Irvington S Tweed Blvd 9 0 1/2 1 MILE Study Area Boundary Institutional/Quasi-Public One Family Residential Public Park/Open Space SCALE Two Family Residential Private Recreation/Private Open Space Multi Family Residential Transportation Rural Residential Utility Mixed Use Vacant/Undeveloped Commercial-Retail Not Yet Classified Manufacturing, Industrial & Warehouse Note: GIS land use databases from Rockland County (2005) and Westchester County (2009). Office and Research Figure 5-1 TAPPAN ZEE HUDSON RIVER CROSSING Environmental Impact Statement Study Area Land Use Chapter 5: Community Character 5-4-1 EXISTING LAND USES AND NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER Figure 5-2, “Rockland County Land Use,” and Figure 5-3, “Westchester County Land Use,” present the land uses within the study area defined above. Land use and neighborhood character can be described as a blend of various elements that give neighborhoods their distinct personalities. These elements can include land use patterns; development density; open space; historic and cultural resources; urban design and visual resources; shadows; transportation; and noise. 5-4-1-1 TOWN OF ORANGETOWN, ROCKLAND COUNTY The Town of Orangetown is 24.2 square miles and is located on the Hudson River in the southeastern corner of County. The study area includes a small unincorporated part of the town west of Grand View-on-Hudson (approximately 0.3 square miles). This area is located to the southwest of Interstate 87/287, south of South Nyack, and west of Grand View-on-Hudson. Land use in this area is dominated by low-density residential uses on Route 9W and Highland Avenue on the Palisades Ridge. Defining elements of neighborhood character in this area are the Hudson River, the Palisades, and the scenic and sometimes steeply winding residential roads with abundant vegetation. The remainder of the study area encompasses small portions of Blauvelt State Park and Clausland Mountain Park, both of which are in the Town of Orangetown. 5-4-1-2 VILLAGE OF SOUTH NYACK, ROCKLAND COUNTY The study area includes approximately half of the Village of South Nyack’s land area. It is within the Village of South Nyack that the Tappan Zee Bridge meets the west shore of the Hudson River. The Village of South Nyack is located south of the Village of Nyack, north of the Village of Grand View-on-Hudson, west of the Hudson River, and east of the Town of Orangetown. The Hudson River is a defining element of South Nyack’s neighborhood character and is at least partially visible from most locations in the Village. However, public access to the river’s edge is limited, as much of the shoreline is privately owned. The Village of South Nyack totals 0.61 square miles, of which 28.8 percent is dedicated to transportation infrastructure (Interstate 87/287 right-of-way and local roadways). The Village is bisected by Interstate 87/287, which runs from the northwest to the southeast, where the Tappan Zee Bridge begins at the boundary with Grand View-on-Hudson. The historic center of the Village was demolished in the mid-1950s for the construction of the original Tappan Zee Bridge structure and Interchange 10 (Route 9W). Land use within the Village and the study area is primarily residential, and includes some multi-family developments such as the Salisbury Apartments and Bradford Mews immediately adjacent to Interstate 87/287 north of the Tappan Zee Bridge. There are no industrial uses, and very few commercial uses within South Nyack.