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Psalms Commentary I YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLE PSALMS: THE HYMNAL OF ISRAEL BOOK I BOB UTLEY PROFESSOR OF HERMENEUTICS (BIBLE INTERPRETATION) STUDY GUIDE COMMENTARY SERIES OLD TESTAMENT, VOL. 9B BIBLE LESSONS INTERNATIONAL MARSHALL, TEXAS 2012 www.BibleLessonsIntl.com www.freebiblecommentary.org Copyright ©2012 by Bible Lessons International, Marshall, Texas All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any way or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Bible Lessons International P. O. Box 1289 Marshall, TX 75671-1289 1-800-785-1005 ISBN 978-1-892691-37-8 The primary biblical text used in this commentary is: New American Standard Bible (Update, 1995) Copyright ©1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation P. O. Box 2279 La Habra, CA 90632-2279 The paragraph divisions and summary captions as well as selected phrases are from: 1. The New King James Version, Copyright ©1979, 1980, 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. 2. The New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, Copyright ©1989 by the Division of Christian Education of National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U. S. A. Used by permission. All rights reserved. 3. Today’s English Version is used by permission of the copyright owner, The American Bible Society, ©1966, 1971. Used by permission. All rights reserved. 4. The New Jerusalem Bible, copyright ©1990 by Darton, Longman & Todd, Ltd. and Doubleday, a division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. www.freebiblecommentary.org The New American Standard Bible Update — 1995 Easier to read: } Passages with Old English “thee’s” and “thou’s” etc. have been updated to modern English. } Words and phrases that could be misunderstood due to changes in their meaning during the past 20 years have been updated to current English. } Sentences beginning with “And” have often been retranslated for better English, in recognition of differences in style between the ancient languages and modern English. The original Greek and Hebrew did not have punctuation as is found in English, and in many cases modern English punctuation serves as a substitute for “and” in the original. In some other cases, “and” is translated by a different word such as “then” or “but” as called for by the context, when the word in the original language allows such translation. More accurate than ever: } Recent research on the oldest and best Greek manuscripts of the New Testament has been reviewed, and some passages have been updated for even greater fidelity to the original manuscripts. } Parallel passages have been compared and reviewed. } Verbs that have a wide range of meaning have been retranslated in some passages to better account for their use in the context. And still the NASB: } The NASB update is not a change-for-the-sake-of-change translation. The original NASB stands the test of time, and change has been kept to a minimum in recognition of the standard that has been set by the New American Standard Bible. } The NASB update continues the NASB’s tradition of literal translation of the original Greek and Hebrew without compromise. Changes in the text have been kept within the strict parameters set forth by the Lockman Foundation’s Fourfold Aim. } The translators and consultants who have contributed to the NASB update are conservative Bible scholars who have doctorates in Biblical languages, theology, or other advanced degrees. They represent a variety of denominational backgrounds. Continuing a tradition: The original NASB has earned the reputation of being the most accurate English Bible translation. Other translations in recent years have sometimes made a claim to both accuracy and ease of reading, but any reader with an eye for detail eventually discovers that these translations are consistently inconsistent. While sometimes literal, they frequently resort to paraphrase of the original, often gaining little in readability and sacrificing much in terms of fidelity. Paraphrasing is not by nature a bad thing; it can and should clarify the meaning of a passage as the translators understand and interpret. In the end, however, a paraphrase is as much a commentary on the Bible as it is a translation. The NASB update carries on the NASB tradition of being a true Bible translation, revealing what the original manuscripts actually say—not merely what the translator believes they mean. —The Lockman Foundation TABLE OF CONTENTS Brief Explanation of the Technical Resources Used in the “You Can Understand the Bible” Commentary Series...................................................... i Brief Definitions of Hebrew Grammatical Forms which Impact Exegesis....................... iii Abbreviations Used in This Commentary................................................ ix A Word From the Author: How Can This Commentary Help You............................. xi A Guide To Good Bible Reading: A Personal Search for Verifiable Truth ..................... xiii Introduction to Hebrew Poetry ........................................................ xxi Introduction to Wisdom Literature ................................................... xxv Introduction to the Psalms .........................................................1 Book One (Psalm 1-41) Psalm 1....................................................................9 Psalm 2...................................................................25 Psalm 3...................................................................39 Psalm 4...................................................................43 Psalm 5...................................................................51 Psalm 6...................................................................59 Psalm 7...................................................................63 Psalm 8...................................................................73 Psalm 9...................................................................81 Psalm 10..................................................................93 Psalm 11..................................................................99 Psalm 12.................................................................107 Psalm 13.................................................................117 Psalm 14.................................................................121 Psalm 15.................................................................127 Psalm 16.................................................................131 Psalm 17.................................................................137 Psalm 18.................................................................143 Psalm 19.................................................................159 Psalm 20.................................................................169 Psalm 21.................................................................177 Psalm 22.................................................................183 Psalm 23.................................................................195 Psalm 24.................................................................201 Psalm 25.................................................................207 Psalm 26.................................................................217 Psalm 27.................................................................225 Psalm 28.................................................................233 Psalm 29.................................................................239 Psalm 30.................................................................247 Psalm 31.................................................................255 Psalm 32.................................................................263 Psalm 33.................................................................269 Psalm 34.................................................................275 Psalm 35.................................................................283 Psalm 36.................................................................291 Psalm 37.................................................................297 Psalm 38.................................................................311 Psalm 39.................................................................319 Psalm 40.................................................................325 Psalm 41.................................................................333 Appendix: Doctrinal Statement.......................................................339 SPECIAL TOPICS TABLE OF CONTENTS Names for Deity, 1:1 ................................................................12 Terms For God’s Revelation, 1:2.......................................................15 Righteousness, 1:5..................................................................18 Know, 1:6.........................................................................21 Where Are the Dead?, 1:6............................................................22 Bob’s Evangelical Biases, Contextual Insights, D..........................................26 Land, Country, Earth, 2:2 .............................................................27 Messiah, 2:2.......................................................................28 OT Titles of the Special Coming One, 2:2 ...............................................28 God Described as Human, 2:4-6 .......................................................30 Heaven(s), 2:4 .....................................................................31 The Heavens,
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