Stephen J. Wellum 3 the Life and Legacy of George Whitefield (1714-1770)
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Volume 18 · Number 2 Summer 2014 George Whitefield Editorial: Stephen J. Wellum 3 The Life and Legacy of George Whitefield (1714-1770) Michael A. G. Haykin 7 The Christian Life in the Thought of George Whitefield Digby L. James 23 Who is the Greatest Preacher? The Life and Legacy of George Whitefield Jeongmo Yoo 43 George Whitefield’s Doctrine of Christ Lee Gatiss 71 George Whitefield — The Angelican Evangelist Introduced and Edited by Michael A. G. Haykin 83 Writing to George Whitefield: A letter from Anne Dutton on Sinless Perfection Introduced and Edited by Michael A. G. Haykin 89 George Whitefield Sermon: “The Indwelling of the Spirit the Common Privilege of all Believers” Introduced and Edited by Michael A. G. Haykin 103 George Whitefield Sermon: “Christ, the Believer’s Wisdom, Righteousness, Satification and Redemption” The SBJT Forum 119 Book Reviews 131 Editor-in-Chief: R. Albert Mohler, Jr. • Editor: Stephen J. Wellum • Associate Editor: Brian Vickers • Book Review Editor: Gregory A. Wills • Assistant Editor: Brent E. Parker • Editorial Board: Ran- dy L. Stinson, Daniel S. Dumas, Gregory A. Wills, Adam W. Greenway, Dan DeWitt, Timothy Paul Jones, Jeff K. Walters, Steve Watters, James A. Smith, Sr.•Typographer: Brittany Loop•Editorial Office: SBTS Box 832, 2825 Lexington Rd., Louisville, KY 40280, (800) 626-5525, x 4413 • Editorial E-Mail: [email protected] Editorial: The Life and Legacy of George Whitefield (1714- 1770) Stephen J. Wellum Stephen J. Wellum is Professor of Christian Theology at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and editor ofSouthern Baptist Journal of Theology. He received his Ph.D. from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and he is the author of numerous essays and articles and the co-author of Kingdom through Covenant (Crossway, 2012). This year marks the 300th anniversary of George Whitefield’s birth. Whitefield is important for a number of reasons, all of which deserve our attention as evangelical Christians. As a man committed to the preach- ing of God’s sovereign grace and the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, there is probably no better example of an individual who lived out his theological convictions. Believing that Scripture calls the church to take the Gospel to the uttermost parts of the world, Whitefield faithfully and tirelessly proclaimed Christ at home and abroad. During his lifetime, for example, he crossed the Atlantic Ocean thirteen times, as he wore him- self out preaching Christ to all who would listen, and calling men, wom- en, and boys and girls to repentance and faith in Christ Jesus our Lord. In addition, he sought to put the Gospel into practice by not only pro- claiming Christ but helping those in need. For Whitefield, the preaching of the Gospel demanded action in word and deed, and his life, although certainly not perfect, was a shining example of biblical Christianity at work in real life. Whitefield is also important in demonstrating that it is possible for evangelicals to work together, even evangelicals who differ sharply in SBJT 18.2 (2014): 3-5. 3 their theological convictions. As an Anglican with Calvinistic convic- tions, he was able to forge links with those outside of the Church of England and work with those within. His friendship with the Wesley’s is well known, which nicely demonstrated that people with differing theo- logical convictions can still work together in the common cause of the Gospel. Obviously, Whitefield’s working with those who named Christ had its limits, as he sought to proclaim and defend orthodox Christiani- ty. But within the pale of orthodoxy, Whitefield, without compromising his theological convictions, desired to see Christ’s Church unified, and his life was a fine example of a person who worked to this end. Probably one of the greatest encouragements we can receive in our day from the life and ministry of George Whitefield is the reminder of the power of the Gospel to transform individual lives and to impact the broader society. Whitefield’s day, like our own, was dark on a number of fronts. Spiritually, the church was apathetic and weak. Culturally, im- morality was rampant, and the social conditions of the day were awful. It was in such a day that our triune God, by his grace and for his glory, raised up people like Whitefield to proclaim the unsearchable riches of Christ. Through the preaching of the Gospel, God graciously brought revival both in the United Kingdom and in America, which set the stage for individual conversions and also societal transformation. Often peo- ple look back at this era and rightly acknowledge that if it was not for the changes which occurred in the Evangelical Revival in the United King- dom and the Great Awakening in America, the history of these countries would be quite different. As we look at our own day and age, we see a similar decay around us, as Whitefield and others witnessed in their day. What is the solution to our ills? What can bring about the change necessary to see the tide turned back? Whitefield reminds us that it is only by God’s grace, and through the preaching of the Gospel and the transformation it brings, that the human heart can be changed and brought into right relationship with God and one another. It is our privilege to devout this issue of SBJT to the life and legacy of George Whitefield. Our goal is not only to learn from his life—learn from him as a preacher, evangelist, missionary, Christian statesman, and theologian—but also to be reminded that it is only through the Gospel that true change comes. Working on other societal fronts is very import- ant, and Christians are called to serve in all walks of life for God’s glory. But we must never forget that God has called the church to faithful gos- 4 pel proclamation, and it is in the life of George Whitefield which we see this so beautifully demonstrated. It is my prayer that this issue will chal- lenge us anew to Gospel faithfulness in our day, as we await the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. 5 New from BAKER ACADEMIC COMING AUGUST 2014014 978-0-8010-3919-5 978-0-8010-4956-9 978-0-8010-4966-8 304 pp. • $24.99p 272 pp. • $22.99p 256 pp. • $27.99p “Vidu calls clichés into question PRAISE FOR THE FIRST “It is hard to imagine a more and works to show how different EDITION reliable guide to Romans than Douglas Moo. 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Haykin is Professor of Church History and Biblical Spirituality at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. He is also Adjunct Professor of Church History and Spirituality at Toronto Baptist Seminary in Ontario, Canada. Dr. Haykin is the author of many books, including “At the Pure Fountain of Thy Word”: Andrew Fuller As an Apologist (Paternoster Press, 2004), Jonathan Edwards: The Holy Spirit in Revival (Evangelical Press, 2005), and The God Who Draws Near: An Introduction to Biblical Spirituality (Evangelical Press, 2007), and Rediscovering the Church Fathers: Who They Were and How They Shaped the Church (Crossway, 2011). The final decades of the seventeenth century witnessed a distinct de- cline in public manners and morals in England. Attestation of this fact is found in both public documents and private testimonies. Here is the witness of one author, the London Baptist theologian Benjamin Keach (1640–1704), writing in 1701: Was ever sodomy so common in a Christian nation, or so notoriously and frequently committed, as by too palpable evidences it appears to be, in and about this city, notwithstanding the clear light of the gospel which shines therein, and the great pains taken to reform the abominable profaneness that abounds? Is it not a wonder the patience of God hath not consumed us in his wrath, before this time? Was ever swearing, blasphemy, whoring, drunkenness, gluttony, self-love, and covetousness, at such a height, as at this time here?2 Despite the presence of a number of gospel-centered ministries like that of Keach and various societies which had been created to bring about moral SBJT 18.2 (2014): 7-20. 7 reform, homosexuality, profanity, sexual immorality, drunkenness and glut- tony were widespread. And the next three decades saw little improvement. The moral tone of the nation was set in many ways by its monarchs and leading politicians. The first of the Hanoverian monarchs, George I (r. 1714–1727), was primarily interested in food, horses, and women. He di- vorced his wife when he was thirty-four and thereafter consorted with a se- ries of mistresses.3 Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745), prime minister from 1722 to 1742, lived in undisguised adultery with his mistress, Maria Skerrett (d.