THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION VOLUME 9 NUMBER 3 JANUARY 2017 Table of Contents - SECTION C. PAGE, TITLE, AUTHORS: 3. MODELLING THE BEHAVIOR OF AN ENTREPRENEUR: THE CASE OF NEVIL SHUTE AND THE BRITISH AVIATION INDUSTRY Jill Bamforth, Malcolm Abbott 27. THE STAFFS’ ADOPTION INTENTION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN GREEN HOSPITAL— THE THEORY OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL APPLIED Yi-Yu Shih, Yung-Hsiang Lu, Ting-Yang Liu, Ming-Feng Wu 36. SERVICE SATISFACTION OF CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL – A CASE STUDY OF SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Wei Tong Chen, Chao Wei Wang 45. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN HOTEL MANAGEMENT STANDARD IN MAJAPAHIT HOTEL INDONESIA Tuwanku Aria Auliandri, Rurid Angraeny 63. ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION INTO PROCESS REENGINEERING: A CASE STUDY OF A PRACTICAL TRAINING HOTEL Wei-Shuo Lo 72. IPO COMPANY STOCK VALUATION ANALYSIS 2000 – 2014 Aty Herawati, Noer Azam Achsani, Sri Hartoyo, Roy Sembel 84. A STUDY OF SERVICE QUALITY IN HOT-SPRING HOTELS FOR SENIORS Chen-Ju Chen 101. SHARE REPURCHASE, CASH DIVIDEND AND FUTURE PROFITABILITY Huei-Hwa Lai, Szu-Hsien Lin, Ai-Chi, Hsu, Chien-Jung Chang The International Journal of Organizational Innovation Vol 9 Num 1 January 2017 - Section C. 1 110. LOCALIZATIONS OF SOIL LIQUEFACTIONS INDUCED BY TECTONIC EARTHQUAKES Tse-Shan Hsu, Chang-Chi Tsao, Chihsen T. Lin The International Journal of Organizational Innovation Vol 9 Num 1 January 2017 - Section C. 2 MODELLING THE BEHAVIOR OF AN ENTREPRENEUR: THE CASE OF NEVIL SHUTE AND THE BRITISH AVIATION INDUSTRY Jill Bamforth Swinburne University of Technology, Australia [email protected] Malcolm Abbott Swinburne University of Technology, Australia [email protected] Abstract As well as being a best-selling novelist Nevil Shute was the founder and managing director of a prominent British aircraft manufacturer during the inter-war period. The paper uses the models developed by Sarasvathy (2001) and Hurley Hanson et al. (2013) and Shute’s own writings on his career to analyse the nature of his career. The paper found that Shute’s experience indicates that entrepreneurial behaviour and the success of entrepreneurs not only depends on the context of the industry in which they operate, but also the level of dynamism within that industry. Models such as the H-H model, whilst useful in profiling entrepreneurial careers, need to take into account broader environmental influences. Keywords: Entrepreneur; Aviation; Entrepreneur career; Entrepreneurial behaviour, Entrepreneurial Thinking “I would divide the senior executives Introduction of the engineering world into two cate- gories. The starters and the runners, the Academics have encountered a men with creative instinct who can number of difficulties in studying the start a new venture and the men who behaviour of entrepreneurs. The first, can run it to make it show a profit. and perhaps most important difficulty, They are very seldom combined in the is that there is no common agreed defi- same person.” (Shute 1954, p. 169). nition of what constitutes an entrepre- neur and entrepreneurial behaviour. One definition that encompasses both these aspects and which has received The International Journal of Organizational Innovation Vol 9 Num 1 January 2017 - Section C. 3 some acceptance is that they involve “a the model is used to examine the en- process by which individuals – either gagement of a particular individual on their own or inside organizations – who exhibited entrepreneurial reason- pursue opportunities without regard to ing tendencies at the inception of a the resources they currently control” high-tech industry from the past. This (Stevenson, Roberts & Grous-Beck approach will enable a critique to be 1989 in Hurley-Hanson et al 2013). undertaken that will add robustness Bearing this definition in mind much and an enhancement of the usefulness of the literature argues that entrepre- of the Hurley Hanson et al (2013) neurs are different from other business model. It will also be possible to over- people, both in how they reason and come one of the other limitations of how they undertake their careers (see entrepreneurial studies, that being the Sarasvathy 2001 and Burton, Sorensen tendency to concentrate on the devel- & Dobrev 2016 for discussion). To opment of theories of entrepreneurial capture these career differences Hurley behavior, rather than on the application Hanson et al (2013) proposed a new of theory to the individual endeavors of model for examining high-tech entre- entrepreneurs. One reason for this ne- preneurial careers, and in doing so ar- glect has been the difficulty in estab- gued for a better alignment between lishing the motivation behind the indi- high-tech entrepreneurs and career de- vidual efforts of contemporary entre- velopment models. In explaining their preneurs, who are often not so forth- model, they utilised Steve Job’s career coming in reflecting on their own be- as an illustrative example to: “better havior. There are, however, opportuni- reflect the realities of pursuing a career ties for studying the cases of some in- in the high-tech computer industry” dividual entrepreneurs and their behav- (Hurley-Hanson et al, 2013). ior especially where they have written By applying the model only to high- or publically spoken about their work- tech entrepreneurs in the 21st century, ing lives. By undertaking this narra- the authors limit the model’s potential tive research of field texts it will be to compare and contrast entrepreneurs possible to identify underlying themes across generations, or in other fields. relevant to a deepening understanding This hampers the model’s ability to of the career trajectory of entrepre- gain deeper insights into what makes neurs in high-tech industries. entrepreneurs entrepreneurial and in explaining the role they play in dy- In this case the past industry that namic industries. In this paper, there- will be examined is that of aircraft fore, the authors make use of this manufacture, which went through a model in such a way as to provide an period of rapid technological change in opportunity to examine and extend its the 20th century, and embodied a fairly usefulness. It is proposed to do this in high degree of technical sophistication. a couple of ways. First an examination This was particularly true in the first of how the reasoning patterns of entre- half of the century, and it involved the preneurs might support a different ca- work of a number of prominent entre- reer path to non-entrepreneurs is un- preneurs. Notable amongst these was dertaken, drawing upon Sarasvathy’s the case of Nevil Shute who, although work (2001) as well as that of the Hur- better known as a best-selling novelist, ley Hanson et. al. model. Secondly, worked as an aeronautical engineer and The International Journal of Organizational Innovation Vol 9 Num 1 January 2017 - Section C. 4 was the founder and managing director the phases through which it passed. In of a successful British aerospace the final section some conclusions are manufacturer (Airspeed Limited). made. Nevil Shute Norway (his full name) was born in London in 1899, spent Identifying the Entrepreneur most of his life working in England, but lived his final years in Australia, In identifying the key characteristics of where he died in 1960. He made use entrepreneurs Sarasvathy (2001) dif- of his shortened name, Nevil Shute, as ferentiates entrepreneurs from non- his pen name in order to protect his entrepreneurs, based on their reasoning engineering career from any potential approaches, which impacts their en- negative publicity that might arise gagement in business. Entrepreneurs, from his novels. One of the great ad- it is argued, focus on a long term vi- vantages of studying the entrepreneu- sion and freely use the resources avail- rial career of Shute is that he worked in able to them (such as their knowledge, an industry that involved substantial experience, and partnerships) to create technological change in a relatively and iteratively shape the path to that short time frame, and also because in future. In contrast non-entrepreneurs his later life he wrote and reflected on focus on the effects of their actions and this work and the entrepreneurial ac- seek to manage their environment us- tivities it involved. In addition, in his ing existing frameworks and resources novels he often drew on his experi- in the most efficient and effective way. ences in the industry and portrayed fic- In summary, entrepreneurs’ preference tional entrepreneurs in a favorable light. is for action first with limited planning, It is possible, therefore, to use his case whereas non-entrepreneurs plan before as a proxy for examining entrepreneu- they take action (Spilerman 1977). rial behaviour and career pattern. Besides using Sarasvathy’s characteri- sation of the “entrepreneur” it is also The purpose of this paper, there- possible to apply the Hurley-Hanson et fore, is to make use of both the models al (2013) model for high-tech entre- developed by Sarasvathy (2001) and preneurial careers (hereafter referred to Hurley Hanson et al (2013) to analyse as the HH model) to explore the career the degree to which Shute was an en- stages of a case study personality as trepreneur. In doing so it is determined they co-evolved within a growing how easy it is to use both theories to high-tech industry (Jones 2001 in Hur- analyse the behaviour of a specific en- ley-Hanson at al 2013). The HH trepreneur operating in an industry that model consists of three areas, which is both high tech, and going through a reflect the broader literature on career period of rapid technological change. progression. These are career stages, In the first section a review is under- career phases and career ages. Career taken of the manner in which entrepre- stages are characterised by the entre- neurs can be identified. This is fol- preneur’s decision-making in the con- lowed by sections on the context of the text of their past, present and future.