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Redalyc.A New Neotropical Species of Liothrips (Thysanoptera Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 [email protected] Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina ZAMAR, María I.; HERNÁNDEZ, María C.; SOTO- RODRÍGUEZ, Gerardo A.; RETANA-SALAZAR, Axel P. A new Neotropical species of Liothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) associated with Ludwigia (Myrtales: Onagraceae) Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 72, núm. 1-2, 2013, pp. 83-89 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322028489008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ISSN 0373-5680 (impresa), ISSN 1851-7471 (en línea) Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 72 (1-2): 83-89, 2013 83 A new Neotropical species of Liothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) associated with Ludwigia (Myrtales: Onagraceae) ZAMAR1, María I., María C. HERNÁNDEZ2, Gerardo A. SOTO- RODRÍGUEZ3 & Axel P. RETANA-SALAZAR3 1Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Avenida Bolivia 1661 (4600) San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina; [email protected] 2Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas, (FuEDEI), General Simón Bolívar 1559 (B1686), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina: e-mail: [email protected] 3Programa Universitario de Especial Interés Institucional en Biología Aplicada (PUA), Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMIC), Ciudad de la Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica 2060. [email protected]; [email protected]/ [email protected] Una especie nueva Neotropical de Liothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) asociada con Ludwigia (Myrtales: Onagraceae) RESUMEN. Se describe Liothrips ludwigi (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) y se presenta una clave para diferenciarla de las otras cuatro especies citadas para la Argentina. Esta especie se distingue por los siguientes estados de caracteres: setas mayores de la cabeza y del pronoto, delgadas y de color castaño amarillento, setas anteromarginales cortas (14µ-21µ) y metanoto reticulado con celdas hexagonales. Liothrips ludwigi se alimenta y reproduce sobre Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx. Greuter & Burdet), y sobre L. grandiflora ssp. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) G. L. Nesom & Kartesz (Myrtales: Onagraceae); siendo éste el primer registro de asociación de Liothrips con esta familia de plantas. PALABRAS CLAVE. Morfología. Características biológicas. Daños. Control biológico. Trips. ABSTRACT. Liothrips ludwigi (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is described and a key to differentiate it from the other four species present in Argentina is provided. This species can be distinguished by the following characters: major setae on head and pronotum slender and brown yellowish; anteromarginal setae short (14µ-21µ), and metanotum reticulated with hexagonal cells. Liothrips ludwigi feeds and reproduces on Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet and L. grandiflora ssp. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) G.L. Nesom & Kartesz (Myrtales: Onagraceae). This is the first record of the association between Liothrips and this family of plants. KEY WORDS. Morphology. Biological characteristics. Damage. Biological control. Thrips. Recibido: 10-X-2012; aceptado: 22-IV-2013 84 Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 72 (1-2): 83-89, 2013 INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS Liothrips (Uzel) is one of the three most The Liothrips specimens were collected numerous genera of Thysanoptera with 260 in Argentina on Ludwigia grandiflora, and L. species (Mound, 2005) which are difficult g. ssp. hexapetala which grows in shallow to differentiate; even the genus diagnosis is water bodies with slow or null stream. The still unsatisfactory. A large proportion of the collecting sites were: (1) Corrientes Province, species were described from a single sample Rd. 12, km 1219 near Itá Ibaté (27º 35’ 58.3’’S or specimen, which impedes the recording - 57º 02’ 02.1’’W); (2) Santa Fe Province, of inter- and intra-population variations Rd.1, North of El Gusano (29º 35’ 48.7’’S - (Mound & Marullo, 1996; Mound & Pereyra, 59º 46’ 41.4’’W); (3) Rd. 11, 7 km S Santa Fe 2008). city (31º 40’ 31.1’’S - 60º 44’ 24.1’’W); and The genus Liothrips utilizes a wide range (4) Buenos Aires Province, Rd. 9, Otamendi of host plants distributed in 28 families; (34º 12’ 46.7’’S - 58º 53’ 26.7’’W). Stems however, 93% of its known species were of Ludwigia species were cut in the field, recorded in only one host, indicating an transported to the laboratory in plastic bags, eventual monophagy of this genus (Cock, and analyzed under stereoscopic microscope; 1982). Due to the Liothrips taxonomic Liothrips specimens obtained were cultured complexity, more in-depth studies should on Ludwigia g. ssp. hexapetala plants. A be conducted (Del Claro & Mound, 1996; subsample of individuals was preserved in Mound & Pereyra, 2008). 70% ethanol for taxonomic purposes. Four Liothrips species are recorded for Morphological studies were carried out Argentina: Liothrips atricolor De Santis on permanent slide-mounted specimens (1950), Liothrips tandiliensis (Liebermann following Mound & Kibby (1998); a genus- & Gemigniani, 1931), Liothrips vernoniae level key of Phlaeothripinae (Mound & Moulton (1933), Liothrips tractabilis Mound Marullo, 1996) and two species-level keys & Pereyra (2008). The first three species are (Karny, 1912; Mound & Pereyra, 2008) were only known from the type specimen, and used. In addition, specimens were compared the first two have no information on the host with described Neotropical species of plant. Liothrips (Moulton, 1933; Hood, 1938; The new Liothrips species described Johansen, 1974, 1979). in this paper was collected while looking The type specimens and series were for biological control agents for Ludwigia housed as follows: Holotype, female and grandiflora ssp. hexapetala (Onagraceae). paratype series, at La Plata Museum (MLP); This South American aquatic weed has paratype series at the Instituto de Biología spread in freshwater bodies across the United de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy States and Europe, causing severe ecological (INBIAL-UNJu) and at the Fundación para and economic damages (Okada et al., 2009; el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI, Haury et al., 2011; Nehring & Kolthoff, 2011). formerly USDA-ARS-SABCL) in Argentina. Ludwigia grandiflora and other six to eight Also, paratype series were deposited at the species grouped in Oligospermum section Colección Institucional de Thysanoptera are considered a polyploid complex with (CIT), Centro de Investigación en Estructuras hybridization among some of the species Microscópicas (CIEMIC), Universidad de (Zardini et al., 1990; Nesom & Kartesz, 2000; Costa Rica, Costa Rica. Wagner et al., 2007). A culture of Liothrips sp. nov. was In this contribution a new species of established on L. g. ssp. hexapetala plants Liothrips is described and a key to the in a pot (30x40cm) inside an escape- Argentinean species is presented. In addition, proof nylon cage (60x60x60cm) located biological information, such as development outdoors. During winter, the cage was time, feeding behavior, and reproduction covered with transparent plastic to avoid sites, is reported. freezing temperatures. Periodically, new ZAMAR, M. I. et al. A new species of Liothrips for the Neotropical region 85 fresh stems were added to the pot to replace in weakly sclerotized individuals the tube those damaged by feeding. The biological is reddish; brown yellowish setae; middle observations were obtained both from stems part of the fore tibiae and tarsi brown collected in the field and from specimens yellowish; lateral margin of fore tibia dark cultured in rearing chambers (25º± 1ºC; 12h brown; antennal segments dark brown light: 12h dark). except segment III brownish yellow and pale The life history of Liothrips sp. nov. was brown distally; fore wings slightly shaded studied monitoring the development of eggs around margins and in a medial longitudinal laid on apical stems of L. g. spp hexapetala line (Fig. 10); clavus and sub-basal zone held in escape-proof plastic containers brown; hind wings hyaline (Figs.10, 11). (15x25 cm) with wet tissue paper in the Dorsal setae acute, some slightly capitate. bottom to provide moisture. The development Head with cheeks slightly bend to the base; was recorded daily and stems were changed anterior ocellus located on a projection when necessary. between the antennal bases; postocular setae acute and with the same length as eyes (Fig. 3). Maxillary stylets retracted reaching RESULTS the postocular setae base, 0.3 of head width apart. Antenna with segment III elongated, Liothrips ludwigi sp. nov. pedicellate, approximately same length as (Figs. 1-11) segment IV, and with one external sensorium Diagnosis: Female macropterous; (Fig. 4); segment IV with three sensoria, blackish brown with red hypodermal two external and one internal. Pronotum pigment, the living individuals have tube wider than long (Fig. 5), with median reddish; antennal segments blackish brown carina, with five pairs of acute setae, small except segment III brownish yellow, pale anteromarginal setae, posteroangular setae brown distally; setae brown yellowish; fore almost as long as 0.7 times the pronotum; wings slightly shaded around margins and basantra not developed (Fig. 6), ferna present; in a medial longitudinal line; clavus and mesopraesternum
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