Vol 84 No 3, March 2012 $6.85 Inc.GST

www.engineersaustralia. o rg. au Vol 84 No 3, March 2012 $6.85 inc.GST

ENGINEERS MONGOLIA S A on Growing mineral U the T FEATURES:

RA back wealth f LIA ast of F ire its

Protection

- Lighting ENGINEERS A USTRALIA

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HEFROM T PRESIDENT | A ENGINEERS A USTRALIA

Is e ngineering an

extension of science?

or t he past month, new CEO Stephen the s ystematic gathering of knowledge Durkin and I have been out and about about the universe, and the organising talking with members and senior and condensing of that knowledge into industry people. To date we've been contestable laws and theories, and that to the east coast, Tasmania, Northern Ter- "engineering" then used those proven laws ritory and South Australia. We intend to and theories to solve society's problems, cover all Divisions and as many regional and make the world a better place. groups as we can over the next couple of Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary months to hear from you, and hopefully defines science as "knowledge attained let you see the enthusiasm that we both through study or practice," or "knowledge feel for the future of Engineers Australia. covering general truths of the operation of Feedback has been very encouraging. general laws, esp. as obtained and tested Apart from our top priorities of relevance through scientific method [and] concerned and member service, the other consistent with the physical world". It would seem issue that keeps coming up relates to the that the broader science community has role of our Colleges and why we have combined these definitions as including David H ood them. There are many themes embedded "practice in the physical world" (my ital- [email protected] in this issue - our learned society func- ics), that is engineering. In other words, tion, gate keeping for entry to a field of according to this definition, science (or- practice, being chartered, and the bodies ganised knowledge) begins with discovery of knowledge related to all the fields of and new knowledge, and travels through Maybe t he reason we engineering that Engineers Australia testing and modelling to application, re- haven't won a separate covers. But in a sense, shouldn't we first sulting in engineering and eventual benefit reassess more broadly what exactly engi- to society (too often meaning simply the identity from science lies neering is all about? economy, to the detriment of social and in the fact that we have This was brought home to me forcefully natural capital). at a forum in Canberra on 24 February. At Do we continue to argue that we are not clearly defined our the Science Meets Policymakers Forum I special or separate, or do we accept that asked a question as to why there had been we are a part of that continuum which fields of engineering, nor no mention of engineering in any of the it seems is becoming more generally ac- have we consolidated discussions about getting politicians to cepted as "science"? use more science advice in policymak- Maybe the reason we haven't won and published the ing. I was thinking specifically about the a separate identity from science lies in bodies of knowledge role of engineering in sustainability and the fact that we have not clearly defined anthropogenic climate change. As policy our fields of engineering, nor have we that we might claim as impacts directly on society, the environ- consolidated and published the bodies ment, and the economy, engineering of knowledge that we might claim as belonging to these fields. should at least be given a mention if not belonging to these fields. It seems strange significant prominence, I argued. to me that we expect our Colleges to be I was told in no uncertain terms by a the gatekeepers for entry to a field of very senior government official, and other practice, and for them to set policy for the speakers, that engineering was always a maintenance of competency in that field consideration as it is really just a part (continuing professional development) of science, and we should "get over it". when they do not have a body of knowl- A manifestation of this view has been edge against which to measure practice the fact that the federal government has in their field. While not that simple, I removed engineering input from one of believe this issue may lie at the heart of its primary policy advice mechanisms: our Colleges currently having an unclear the Prime Minister's Science, Engineer- view of what they should be doing within ing, and Innovation Council (PMSEIC). Engineers Australia. We really need to fix I was also told that there was no need our learned society function. for an Australian Chief Engineer because Tlook forward to your thoughts and any this role sat within the role of Australia's ideas for structural change that might bet- Chief Scientist. ter position engineering within society's I had always thought that science was global knowledge framework.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 3 I @F E NGINEERS AUSTRALIA

COVER STORY

Engineering f ocus on Mongolia

ENGINEERS 3 4 After b eing a satellite of the Soviet Union for decades, Mongolia has established itself as a democracy and its economy is growing with help from a mining boom. Australian engineering companies are increasingly active in the country, focusing mostly on mining and associated infrastructure projects. FEATURES: Fire Protection - Lighting Cover d esign: Michelle Watts inCover: the MongolianEquestrian countryside.statue of Chinggis Khaan ALSO... Sustainable w ater supplies

32 A n ew membrane filtration unit is being launched to deliver decentralised water

supplies for developing countries. CONT

ENGINEERS MEDIA HEAD OFFICE NATIONAL MARKETING MANAGER Victoria & Tasmania Engineers Australia magazine, published by 2 Emest Place, Crows Nest, NSW Wyeth Media Services Pty Ltd Engineers Media (registered nameEngineers (PO Box 588, Crows Nest 1585) PRODUCTION MANAGER 10 Keysborough Close Australia Pty Limited, ACN 001311511), phone 02 9438 1533 Chris Gerelli ggygborouggymlﬂ Z; Engineers Australia's publishing company, fax 02 9438 5934, PRODUCTION ox 161 Dingley Vic 3172 is a m agazine reporting impartially the www.engineersmedia.com.au Stefan Novak, Michelle Watts [email protected] 0 9701 8844 latest n ews of interest to engineers, The mas - E DITORIAL EMAIL EA BOOKS MANAGER statements made or opinions expressed in nlcs . . . South Australia & Northern Territor the magazine do not necessarily reflect the [email protected] Daniel Kneprath Russell Baker Advertising & Markegng views of the Institution. ADVERTISING EMAIL ADVERTISING MANAGER PO Box 413 Engineers Media retains copyright for this [email protected] Sew-502th Wales (Head office) North Adelaide, SA 5006 publication. Written permission is required enise rant phone 08 8267 1198 for the reprinting of any of its content. ( a p Aas mobile 0417 266 459 [email protected] Bruce Roff [email protected] "ae estern Australia BOARD OF DIRECTORS MANAGING EDITOR ADVERTISING COORDINATOR O'Keeffe Media Services E/Prof Elizabeth Taylor, AO FIEAust Dr Dietrich Georg, FIEAust Esmé Johnstone Unit 2, 266 Hay Street, (chair); Gunilla Burrowes, FIEAust; [email protected] Subiaco, WA 6008 Stephen Durkin; David Lees, MIEAust EDEESRC'QEHM Kirill Reztsov ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES phone 08 9381 7766 CPEng; Bruce Roff, FIPA ACIS; Terence Thomﬁs Derricotlt 7 Queensland [email protected] JeyIaretnam, FIEAust CPEng; MBL Media, PO Box 5834, Q Supercentre, Mai Yeung, FIEAust CPEng. ACCOUNTANT Mermaid Waters, Qld 4218, Tissa Mohotti phone 07 5594 5455 [email protected]

Member of Average Net Distribution 22. Reader surveys by N General Edition PublishersAustralia Melson 323!5 Vol 84 No 3 AUDIT BOARD April to - Media Research yum ISSN 1448-4951

I 4 E NGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

THE J OURNAL OF ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA

IN T HIS ISSUE...

3 F ROM THE PRESIDENT 48 F IRE PROTECTION - Feature What's t he difference between science and engineering? 54 LIGHTING - F eature 6 F ROM THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE Making o ur organisation more relevant

8 L ETTERS

12 N EWS

58 T ERENCE JEYARETNAM Priorities maybe too complicated

59 MARGOT CAIRNES

27 S NAPSHOT Cherishing diversity David Singleton - Chairman, Australian Green Infrastructure Council; Director, Global 60 OBITUARIES Planning Practice Leader, Arup Sir A rchie Glenn - managing director of ICl Australia Alan Swann - contractual consultant and mediator 30 EMPLOYMENT Surveys show engineering skills shortages persist 61 C OURSES, CONFERENCES & M EETINGS 32 SUSTAINABLE PROJECT OF THE MONTH SkyBox water filtration 62 PRODUCTS & PROCESSES

34 COVER STORY 66 CLASSIFIEDS

ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA NATIONAL V ICE-PRESIDENTS NEWCASTLE VICTORIA Prof Alex Baitch, FIEAust CPEng; Doug 122 P arry St, Newcastle West 2302 13-21 B edford St, North Melbourne 3051 NATIONAL OFFICE Gillott, F IEAust CPEng; Bruce Howard, phone 02 4926 4440, fax 02 4929 7121. phone 03 9329 8188, fax 03 9326 6515. 11 N ational Circuit, Barton, ACT 2600 FIEAust CPEng; Madeleine McManus, phone 02 6270 6555, fax 02 6273 1488 FIEAust; Bronte Strout, FlEAust CPEng; NORTHERN WESTERN A USTRALIA www.engineersaustralia.org.au Greg Walters, FIEAust, CPEng EngExec G PO Box 417, Darwin 0801 712 Murray St, West Perth 6005 Customer Service email phone 08 8981 4137, fax 08 8941 3449. phone 08 9321 3340, fax 08 9481 4332. [email protected] CHIEF E XECUTIVE HONG K ONG CHAPTER 1300 653 113 Stephen Durkin QUEENSLAND Paul Kwong, Hon Secretary COLLEGE C HAIRS 4 47 Upper Edward St, Brisbane 4000 NATIONAL P RESIDENT phone 852 2828 5969 Graeme Macaulay, MIEAust (biomedical); phone 07 3832 3749, fax 07 3832 2101. email [email protected] Adjunct Prof David Hood, FIEAust CPEng Matthew O'Hearn, FIEAust, CPEng (civil); NATIONAL D EPUTY PRESIDENT Georgie Wright, MIEAust (chemical); Mark SOUTH A USTRALIA MALAYSIA S OCIETY Dr Marlene Kanga, FIEAust CPEng Blundell, FIEAust, CPEng (electrical); David Level 11, 108 King William St, CK Liew, Hon Secretary Gamble, MIEAust, CPEng (environmental); Adelaide 5000 email [email protected] NATIONAL I MMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Peter Hitchiner, FIEAust, CPEng (ITEE); Earl phone: 08 8202 7100, fax 08 8211 7702. Mervyn Lindsay, FIEAust CPEng Heckman, FlEAust, CPEng (mechanical); SINGAPORE G ROUP Richard Eckhaus, FIEAust, CPEng (structural) SYDNEY Lawrence Lim CM, Hon Secretary L evel 3, 8 Thomas Street, Chatswood 2067 phone +65 9616 7862 DIVISION O FFICES Phone 02 9410 5600, fax 02 9410 0000. email [email protected] CANBERRA P O Box 6038, Kingston, ACT 2604 TASMANIA UK A SSOCIATION phone 02 6270 6519, fax 02 6273 2051. 2 D avey St, Hobart 7000 Peter Walsh, Hon Secretary phone 03 6234 2228, fax 03 6234 2216. email [email protected]

¢ yPrinted b Offset Alpine Printing. The paper manufacturer and Environment Offset Alpine meet the international standard ISO 14001 for System I SO 14001 environmental management. The paper comes from sources @saoLomaL certified under the Programme for Endorsement of Forest Corthcaton a pples t Certification scheme (PEFC). Please recycle this magazine. Certified Offset Alone Pring ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 5 I

a F ROM THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE gp cher ENGINEERS A USTRALIA

Becoming m ore visible,

relevant and respected

have n ow been in my CEO position for profilef o engineering. If we are not vis- a month and would like to share some ible we risk the profession becoming less of the early feedback that I am receiv- relevant in the eyes of the public and our ing and touch base on some areas that roles being less respected and less valued I will be focusing on. in terms of the experience and judgement There are four critical areas, entire- we provide. The legal, medical and ac- ly consistent with our Five Year Strategic counting professions have all been very Plan, that I believe we need to continue effective in lifting their public profile by to develop in order to shape the future becoming more visible. We can learn a of our profession. lot from their approaches. The first area is being more member- As CEO of Engineers Australia, I be- focused so that our members see value lieve that I have a responsibility to be in Engineers Australia. We need to be very visible in order to help us become committed to creating and delivering more relevant. greater member value by treating our Accordingly, my major focus over the Stephen D urkin members as valued customers, and next few months has me spending the [email protected] through developing innovative tools and majority of my time out of the office,

relevant products. visiting our nine Divisions and meeting My second theme is to lift the public with as many key stakeholders as possible. My m ajor focus over the profile of the engineering profession so Part of this focus has been our recent that the public better understand and launch of 2012 The Year of the Regional next few months has me respect the work that we do and how Engineering Team in Alice Springs. Our this contributes to the economy and their members in regional, rural and remote spending the majority quality of life. parts of Australia make up over a quar- of my time out of the Thirdly, we need to ensure that the ter of our membership yet are not being organisation continues to be financially serviced and supported as effectively as office, visiting our nine strong as this provides a foundation upon we would like. We have called this out Divisions and meeting which to deliver more of the things as the theme for this year because we that members want. Within this, we need recognise the need to improve the cur- with as many key to have a more business-like approach rent situation. During my visit to Alice and place more emphasis on higher value Springs, I outlined the need to support stakeholders as possible. activities. our local engineering teams. My fourth focus, and the area that I I am also keen to build on our relation- would like to expand on in this column, ships with like-minded organisations such is the concept of relevance. as APESMA, Consult Australia and the I have developed a strong early view Warren Centre, all of whom I have recently that we need to be more visible, acces- met with. I will also be working closely sible and relevant. We need to be more with CEOs, politicians and industry lead- relevant to our members, the profession, ers as part of my engagement program. our communities and within the econo- There is a great sense of optimism from mies to which we contribute. I believe all of those who I have been speaking with that we need to work more closely and about the future of our profession. There be more responsive to the thousands of is a clear willingness and commitment to volunteer office bearers who have such collaborate and work more closely with great knowledge and commitment. Engineers Australia. With almost 100,000 members and Tlook forward to sharing our successes over half being under 35 years of age, and knowledge as we work to ensure that we need to ensure that our communica- our profession is more visible, relevant tion tools are responsive and interac- and respected, not just within our own tive. Our premises should reflect a fresh industry, but across the communities that and contemporary image as should the we work so hard to contribute to. public perception of the profession. One of the keys to becoming more relevant is to be more visible. We know that when we do this well, it lifts the

I 6 E NGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

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LETTERS

Your l etters are

welcome. They should oLetters t the Editor not exceed 300 words. Not all letters can be published. By submitting your Climate c hange debate - too much or too little?

letter for publication you agree that read w ith dismay national appropriate a nd unfortunate. shuts d own the debate because Engineers Australia president David Hood's While many members of En- he considers it is all over. It is magazine may edit the statement on climate change gineers Australia may share his this sort of inflexibility that (Engineers Australia maga- views, many others will have professional engineers need to letter for legal, length zine, January) noting that he a different view on the causes overcome if we are to improve or other reasons. would not debate the science and effects of climate change our image in society. Unpublished with members because in his and the degree of mitigation Mr Hood should be debat- letters cannot be view it was all settled. necessary. ing his views like mad with acknowledged or Mr Hood is entitled to Others will look to their members at every opportunity, returned. his opinion on the science of learned society to inform their not refusing to do so. climate change, but for the knowledge of the science and Douglas A rmstrong president of a learned society the role professional engineers FIEAust oSend t to say that he will not debate should play. it with his stakeholders is in- It is sad when the president The E ditor, Engineers Media, oelof S eevinck in his let- change i s caused by human- that r oads are 100% safe, I PO Box 588, ter (Engineers Australia made greenhouse gases. What would never be driving a car Crows Nest NSW 1585 magazine, January) said greater proof do the sceptics on the road. we must remain sceptical want to move into action? It is good to be sceptical nFax o and questioning about the sci- Democracy is not about and questioning but to refuse ence of climate change and that debating issues for ever until to move into action when the 02 9 438 5934 scientific truth is not obtained 100% certainty is obtained but evidence is overwhelming is democratically. rather making policies, deci- unwise. National president David sions and resolutions once a Derrick Fernando Emailo t Hood said 98% of the climate consensus has been built. MIEAust C PEng scientists agree that climate If I waited till I saw evidence Brisbane editorial @ e ngineersmedia.com.au

Send y our letter either congratulate o ur national global c limate is changing due sIt i time to stop quibbling in the body of the email president David Hood for to unchecked emissions of hu- over details and get on with or as an attachment in his courageous call to action man-caused greenhouse gases" the job. The penalties for Microsoft Word. on sustainability (Engineers and also referred to immediate procrastination are too high. Australia magazine, January). past national president Merv Bill Hofrichter He pointed out that "98% of Lindsay's call to understand MIEAust CPEng climate scientists, and every sustainability, then to "inform, Sydney national academy of science educate, and to act to ensure SUBSCRIPTIONS in the world, agree that our sustainability is achieved".

To s ubscribe go to

www.engineersmedia. orefer t David Hood's "From time l imitations on those I w ould suggest the exact c om.au/magazines/ the president" column in the discussions, but I cannot ac- opposite: let's talk and email magsubscriptions.html January 2012 issue of Engi- cept that there should be no about it as much as possible. neers Australia magazine. I debate at all. Good communications and General e dition was disappointed to read "... I If it is science, it should accurate information are surely 12 issues am no longer going to question always be questioned and de- the best way to better under- $94 + GST = 103.40 Australia the science or debate it with bated. It is not good that the stand an issue, including global $138.80 Overseas members" (referring to global controversial topic of global warming. warming). warming is, generally, still not Chris Carter MIEAust Civil edition I can accept that discus- being presented in a balanced Vermont South, Vic 12 issues sions with members, on any way, but it is far worse that $94 + GST = 103.40 Australia topic, could become so time discussion on the topic be, or $138.80 Overseas consuming that the president is suggested to be, stymied by finds it necessary to impose our own president.

I 8 E NGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

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Save t he date for this HVAC & R and Building Services mega event held over 3 days and featuring the trade exhibition, an informative seminar program and the national awards gala event.

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LETTERS

Compelling c ase for

INTRODUCING J -BAR nuclear submarines

THE NEW GALINTEL® STEEL read w ith interest the article and s chedule for production. "Nuclear option should be Modern nuclear subma- SHELF BEAM considered for submarines" rines have a hull life of over in the January 2012 edition 30 years and with the reactor of Engineers Australia maga- designed to last the hull life zine and would like to add a there is no requirement for couple of points that should refuelling or reactor replace- be considered in a submarine ment, which removes the build program. need for significant nuclear Australia is not likely to infrastructure in Australia. export any submarines so the An additional advantage of build program would only be going with the Virginia class for Australian submarines, built in the US is the possibility with no opportunity to recover of defence offset sales where start-up costs, infrastructure, Australian companies have through-life engineering man- the opportunity to bid for sup- The q uick, economical solution agement etc from any other ply of components normally for cavity walls source. restricted to US companies. Trying to build conven- Alternative nuclear subma- > I nnovative, efficient design tional submarines in Australia rines are the UK Astute, French > Up to 20% lighter than built-up steel sections would pose a very high techni- Barracuda or Russian Yasen. > Fully hot-dip galvanised including ends (600 g/m?) cal, financial and schedule risk As I see it, the case for > Standard lengths 3.6m, 5.4m, 6.0m and 6.3m increasing the likelihood the nuclear powered submarines > Non-standard lengths available to order replacements would fall short built in the US or UK is > Engineered and university tested of capability expectations, compelling from an Austra- > 25 year performance warranty cost more than estimated and lian strategic, economic and > Convenient 'off the shelf" solution be late. technical perspective. > R3 durability rating In comparison, the US' Vir- Robert Gishubl ginia class nuclear submarine MIEAust Typical J -Bar Applications meets our strategic requirements without significant modification, with known cost s

Small f irms more exposed to risk ©

refero t the article "How reason f or the above statistics. risky is engineering" in the As one such firm, I am not January issue of Engineers alone in my concern in the Australia magazine. The au- need to pay insurance - and thor concluded that "perhaps it continue to do so on retire- | is not the work which is risky ment "just in case" - for taking

hlAalII-lIlIl-IQN but rather operating a small on work with a measure of risk. 8 8 240 professional engineering firm". There is a growing tendency 240mm brick veneer 230mm s olid brick 230mm s olid brick wall construction Shelf Beam wall (garage type) (garage type) also allows This conclusion is based for large and middle size com- sits generally on for either jack stud wall above on the data, which shows the panies to outsource work to 89 x 89 SHS or stub column supporting another structural member smallest firms have higher smaller players, leaving the levels of "claims vs fee income", latter to fend for themselves compared to the larger firms. in the area of liability and q; G ALINTEL PTY LTD Many of the 2842 firms in litigation. the two groups representing Bill Shannon A G raham Group Company the small firms (81% of the MIEAust CPEng 117 - 1 53 Rookwood Road, Yagoona NSW 2199 total number of the five groups Normanhurst phone 1800 065 634 in the survey) have a much or email [email protected] lower level of legal specialists www.galintel.com.au (or none at all) to "handle" claims, which could be a major

0I 1 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

GAS P IPING TRAINING

Brisbane 1 9 & 20 April 2012

Perth 3 & 4 M ay 2012

For t he first time in 2012, KASA Redberg is presenting "Gas Piping Systems Fundamentals". This seminar focuses on design aspects relating to compressible fluid flow in pipes and is ideal for Graduates, Junior Engineers or those new to gas piping systems.

This s eminar will equally benefit those working in the oil and gas industry or those in industries such as power generation, minerals processing or manufacturing due to the fact that common gas systems such as compressed air, steam, industrial gases fand o course fuel gas are covered in some detail. +2, % This s eminar compliments KASA\'s "Liquid Piping Systems Fundamentals" seminar as there is no duplication of material.

SAFETY & H AZARDS NITROGENND A OTHER INDUSTRIAL GASES Leaks versus plumes; An introduction to hazardous areas; The properties of Nitrogen; Comparison of Nitrogen to Isolation, double block and bleed; Draining and venting; compressed air including pipe sizing methods, ancillaries The piping of flammables and combustibles; Piping etc; Manifolding and storage of cylinders; Nitrogen failures. generation.

BACKGROUND I NFORMATION GAS Fluid properties and theory common to all compressible F low types - adiabatic, isothermal and isentropic; Gas fluids - specific gravity, vapour pressure, gas laws, Properties; Ideal versus Real gases; Gas mixtures and cavitation, Joule-Thomson, terms and definitions. their property calculation; An introduction to two phase flow calculations; Tips relating to relevant codes and standards; COMPRESSED A IR Fuel gas specific tips and traps; Recommended layouts, The properties of air; Free Air, Standard Air and Actual Air; materials etc for specific gas systems; Worked example Plant versus Instrument Air; Pipe sizing methods and problems. pressure drop calculations; Materials and end connections; Traps, dryers, filters and other ancillaries; Piping layout VALVES tips; Worked example problems. L eakage classes; Recommended valve types for particular applications; Purchasing and specifying valves for STEAM flammables, combustibles and "dangerous" fluids; Safety E nthalpy, specific heat, steam tables, steam quality; Steam and relief valve sizing (including flare and vent pipe sizing); pipe sizing methods and pressure drop calculations; Steam Worked example problems. flow through nozzles and restrictions; Materials and end connections; Steam piping ancillaries, valves and INSTRUMENTATION & M ISCELLANEOUS TOPICS instruments; Piping layout tips; Worked example problems. Instrumentation specific to compressible flow; Hot tapping; Inspection and maintenance; Leakage; Testing requirements and commissioning; Common traps for the inexperienced.

For m ore information on this two day seminar (including a full s eminar synopsis) and to obtain registration forms, call KASA R edberg on (02) 9949 9795 or email [email protected] or visit www.kasa.com.au.

Discounts a pply for early registrations, previous KASA Redberg seminar attendees and multiple registrations from the one organisation. We can also run this seminar at your own workplace or customise it to suit your needs.

KASA R edberg www.kasa.com.au C Engineers & T echnical Trainers

NEWS

Green l ight for major Japanese

gas project in top end

npex C orporation and Total have an- During D ecember, Inpex and Total Inpex p roposes that gas from the Ich- nounced the final investment decision announced sales and purchase agreements thys Field will undergo preliminary pro- on the $34 billion Ichthys LNG project with approximately 70% of the Ichthys cessing at the offshore central processing which will extract gas from the Browse LNG to be delivered to Japan. The largest facility (CPF) to remove water and raw Basin offshore of Western Australia, and agreement was by a consortium of five liquids, including a large proportion of pipe it to Darwin for gas processing. major Japanese utility companies com- the condensate. This condensate will be Inpex chairman Naoki Kuroda said posed of Tokyo Electric Power Company, pumped to a floating production, storage the announcement "signals the start of Tokyo Gas Co, the Kansai Electric Power and offloading (FPSO) facility anchored construction of one of the world's larg- Co, Osaka Gas Co, and Kyushu Electric nearby, from which it will be transferred est LNG facilities based on an estimated Power Company. The consortium has an to tankers for delivery to markets. 40 years of gas and condensate reserves agreement to purchase 4Mt/a of LNG for The gas will be transported from the from the Browse Basin". 15 years commencing 2017. CPF through a subsea pipeline to the on- In 1998, Inpex acquired the petroleum Kuroda said the project will help Japan shore LNG processing plant proposed for exploration permit WA-285-P, located in diversify its energy supplies, and deliver Blaydin Point on Middle Arm Peninsula, the Browse Basin. During 2000/01, three economic and social benefits for Australia. Darwin. It will be cooled to below -161°C, exploratory wells resulted in the discovery The project comprises a central pro- the point at which the gas becomes lique- of "an extremely promising gas and con- cessing facility, a floating production fied natural gas (LNG). densate field now known as the Ichthys storage offloading vessel, an 889km gas The facilities will be designed to pro- Field". Inpex has estimated the Ichthys export pipeline and a two-train LNG plant duce 8.4Mt/a of LNG, 1.6Mt/a of LPG Field has around 12.8 tof of gas and 527 in Darwin. The plant can be potentially and 100,000 barrels of condensate per million barrels of high value condensate. expanded to four trains. day. Production is due to commence by the end of 2016. The onshore plant and associated infrastructure will be delivered by a lt. ' $ M«- A joint venture of JGC Corporation, KBR

«" t imor -~ and Chiyoda Corporation (JKC JV). «, LESTE The formal contract for the $15 billion a cs worth of engineering, procurement and [" J oint Petroleum \ construction (EPC) activities was signed Kitan F el \ £ evelopment in early February. Bayu-lindan Field agi Shortly after, BAM Clough Joint Ven- ture, a 50/50 joint venture between BAM International and Clough, announced that it had received a Letter of Intent (LOT) from the JKC JV for a contract valued at $140 million. The scope of work involves the design and construction of the Ichthys LNG Project Module Offloading Facility (MOF) near Darwin. It is a key facility that will be used to offload modules being supplied under other subcontracts to assemble the LNG liquefaction plant. Construction activities for the MOF are scheduled to commence in early 2013 N o r th ern with MOF project completion anticipated Territory in early 2014. As part of other onshore infrastructure in the EPC contract, an accommodation The I chthys Field will produce gas that will be piped to Darwin for processing to LNG. village that will house some 2700 fly-in

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

NEWS

fly-out w orkers is to be constructed at Howard Springs. In other contracts, the central process- Queensland f lood inquiry raises ing facility will be delivered by Samsung Heavy Industry. General Electric is con- concerns for engineering profession tracted to build the subsea production system, with the subsea flow line construction and installation to be done by by D avid Hood McDermott in cooperation with Heerema. The gas export pipeline will be manu- s t he independent Queensland preparation a nd during times of disaster. factured by Mitsui-Europipe, Sumitomo Floods Commission of Inquiry is Engineers Australia will not specu- and Nippon Steel-Metal One. Concrete still in process, the Queensland late on what the outcomes of the in- pipe coating will be done by Mitsui- community has expressed a de- quiry will be as this is a matter for the Bredero Shaw and Saipem will lay the pipe. gree of frustration as the media picks up commissioners. The inquiry is looking According to Inpex, all successful ten- on a range of annotations and various to establish the facts of the events sur- derers had to demonstrate how they will takes on the issue. rounding the Wivenhoe Dam release maximise the use of Australian products The initial inquiry has been ex- among a complex web of issues. Until and services. tended, looking further into a number the inquiry hands down its final report, "Ongoing compliance and reporting of issues surrounding management any discussions about the outcomes are mechanisms will ensure contractors per- practices during the 2011 floods. merely speculative. form to the standards set by the Ichthys The nature of the inquiry intensifies Engineers Australia expects and project's approved Australian Industry each day with additional issues emerg- demands that its members conduct Participation plans and contractual ing, calling for the need of more public themselves in a professional manner obligations," Kuroda said. "Ichthys will hearings and a delay in the delivery of adhering to Engineers Australia's Code truly be an international collaboration. the final report. of Ethics, and perform on the job in An estimated 3000 jobs will be needed in The initial focus of these additional accordance with expected standards of Darwin during the peak of construction hearings was on the four dam-operating performance. Engineers Australia has with a further 1000 offshore. Once the engineers being questioned for their rigorous procedures in place to ensure project is in operation we will require management of the Wivenhoe Dam the highest level of compliance with the approximately 700 permanent positions." during the floods. The inquiry then code by members. Federal environmental approval was shifted its focus to the set of instructions It is imperative that state and federal granted last June. As part of the approval the dam operators allegedly received governments do not de-engineer infra- Inpex, with the help of an expert panel, from government officials at the time structure by reducing the important role must develop and implement a rigorous of the disaster. that engineers play on major projects. management plan including measures to A technical working group consist- Engineers offer innovative and safe solu- prevent, detect and respond to impacts ing of Engineers Australia's Queensland tions to infrastructure, environmental on marine life, and to allow dredging Division president and past president, and economic challenges to safeguard methods and mitigation measures to be director of international and national the community. changed to adapt to new information. policy, director of Queensland Division, The inquiry has drawn to the spot- Inpex will also be required to perma- senior office bearers and executive light the crucial role engineers play in nently protect and manage around 2000ha level staff was formed several weeks protecting the community, especially in of vegetation, as well as marine habitat ago to develop a response strategy times of disaster. This further highlights for inshore dolphins, marine turtles and for the situation. The working group the need for support from all levels of dugongs. has monitored the developments and government to reinforce this important According to the Environmental Im- submitted Engineers Australia's views role. There is a need to maintain highly pact Assessment report released in May to the Commission of Inquiry. skilled engineers in the profession for 2011, the project will produce more We have been engaged in discussions the benefit and safety of the community. greenhouse emissions than other LNG with metropolitan press, clarifying projects around the world due to its and reinforcing the crucial roles of Adjunct P rof David Hood is Engineers energy-intensive offshore facilities and the engineering profession in disaster Australia's national president. a higher percentage of carbon dioxide being naturally present in the gas fields being exploited. The report estimated that Ichthys' annual emissions would be equivalent to 1.2% of Australian emissions in 2009. Inpex and the Northern Territory government last year announced a $91 million voluntary offsets program including support for the establishment of the An E ngineers Australia working group is monitoring the inquiry into the release of North Australian Hydrocarbon Centre of water from Wivenhoe Dam during the January 2011 floods. Excellence at Charles Darwin University.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 13 I

NEWS

Promoting u se of more local engineering and design

he W estern Australian (WA) govern- detailed d esign, there was design capabil- for l ocal work. The $100,000 funding has ment has announced it will do more ity in the pre-front end engineering and been allocated to employ an individual to promote the use of WA suppliers design (FEED) and FEED phases. The for 12 months as a focus point for both by major resource projects. report noted that if the FEED section was associations to identify early opportuni- While WA commerce minister Simon undertaken locally then it could act as a ties for local providers, as well as identify O'Brien said more than $14 billion worth catalyst for substantial flow-on benefits. concerns at early stages. of contracts had been awarded to locally- O'Brien said: "The government believes Engineers Australia WA Division di- based companies by the state's resource WA's engineering and design industry is rector Leanne Hardwicke said: "We look sector since July 2011, more effort was internationally competitive and has the forward to working with all parties to required. capacity to work on major energy projects. help boost the amount of local content The new initiative is based on the I will be signalling to oil and gas propo- in our resources projects. We have very findings of an independent assessment nents that use of the local engineering good engineering capability in WA, and by Curtin University's Dr Martin West and design industry is a priority." this must be maintained and expanded last September. The assessment looked Under the terms of the announcement, if we are to continue to be competitive into the ability of local engineering and if local firms miss out on local work they in the future. design industry to supply to offshore will be able to access a detailed reason, "Engineers Australia supports the projects (www.commerce.wa.gov.au/ giving them an insight into how to suc- ongoing development of a sustainable ScienceInnovation/PDF/Publications/ ceed in the future. engineering profession in WA and seeks Engineering-DesignCa.pdf). "These opportunities will be the focus to continually improve our ability to The report stated: "There is strong of discussion between government and service the needs of the industries and desire by industry that the government project proponents. Explanations will be communities within which we work." should do more to ensure that high end sought from developers not realising local APESMA chief executive Chris Walton engineering design is undertaken in Perth, opportunities," O'Brien said. said: "We hope this renewed effort will where 90.5% of more than 400 respon- The government will also fund a joint result in more engineering work being dents support government mandating proposal by Engineers Australia and done in WA, giving downstream suppliers design to be undertaken in WA." APESMA (Association of Professional - include steel fabricators - more chance West reported that while the state did Engineers, Scientists and Managers Aus- of winning the work from local projects." not have the capacity to be competitive in tralia) to identify greater opportunities

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Award f or photogrammetry of underwater city

he p hoto-realistic 3D mapping and digital reconstruction of an ancient underwater city in Greece has earned a team from the University of Sydney's Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies top honours in Canon Australias inaugural Extreme Imaging competition. Ariell Friedman, an engineering PhD student co-supervised by Professor Stefan Williams and Dr Oscar Pizarro at the university's Australian Centre for Field Robotics, won the prize for his project titled "Diver-based stereo 3D documentation of excavations in Pavlopetri'. Fried- TheD 3 map and digital reconstruction of an ancient city in Greece now underwater. man received $5000 for himself and an additional $5000 for his supervising team. "The t eam has a full photo-realistic record Canon's A ustralian research centre, and The marine robotics team worked on of the site and is now stitching the data aims to promote and acknowledge local location at Pavlopetri - the oldest known together to build a complete three dimen- research at the intersection of imaging submerged city, lying off the coast of sional model of the submerged city. This and technology. Greece's southern Laconia region. Up to data is also being used in collaboration "The competition recognises local ad- 4m of water covers artefacts and structures with the BBC to create reconstructions of vances in imaging science and recognises dating back 5000 years. the site for a forthcoming BBC/Discovery projects where students create equipment The whole site was surveyed in three Channel documentary. that can produce images beyond the dimensions using a stereo-photogram- "It is envisaged that the investigation boundaries of creative photography and metric Autonomous Underwater Vehicle of the site's stratigraphy, the establishment video," said CiSRA senior general manager (AUV) deployed by the Australian Centre of a pottery sequence and the systematic Stephen Hardy. for Field Robotics. Friedman's work not study of the architectural remains will pro- The competition is open to students only involved operating the diver rig, but vide valuable information on early, middle across Australia from any faculty and also modifying and improving the diver and late Bronze Age Greece, and will department, be it medicine, mechatronics, camera system and the development of clarify issues on the transitional nature of physics, engineering, computer science or software to allow the rapid production of these phases as well as highlight potential the visual arts. maps by automating the data processing trans- Aegean connections through time." Runner up in the competition was pipeline. The Extreme Imaging competition Ben Norton and his supervisor David A technical paper on the project stated: is run by Canon Australia and CiSRA, Kielpinski from Griffith University's Centre for Quantum Dynamics for developing techniques to take some of the highest resolution images of atoms ever made, including the first ever image of the shadow of a single atom. Norton received a Canon EOS 5D Mark II camera to recognise his efforts. Highly commended was Dr Oliver Gibbs from the University of Sydney Medical School for "The eye: a window to the heart?" which looks at the development of a device that may be able to take a picture of the retina (back of the eye) and assess the risk of having a heart attack or stroke. From the University of Sydney School of Physics, Andre Kyme also received a highly commended for a project aimed at adapting brain scanning techniques to allow them to be used while the subject (I-r) S tephen Hardy (senior general manager, CiISRA), Tony Barry (accepting the award on behalf of Dr Oliver Gibbs, highly commended), Ben Norton (runner up), Ariell is moving. This would enable scans to Friedman (winner), Andre Kyme (highly commended), Hayao Ozu (managing director, be taken while the subject was behaving CiSRA). normally or responding to stimuli.

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Cultural t raining for international engineers

new e ngineering work-readiness maximum c apacity of 25 students per with p articipants likely to secure place- program to help attract interna- class and at this stage there are five pro- ments with Western Australia-based tional engineering graduates to grams scheduled per year. The program organisations, enabling employers to Western Australia and support is open to all visa holders with work identify and trial new engineering talent their transition into the Australian rights in Australia including residency, within their organisation. workforce has been launched by Navitas working holiday and 476 visas. With the theoretical component, the Workforce Solutions. During the program, participants total program duration is 16 weeks and Developed in partnership with Engi- learn about working as an engineering the cost is $3600. neers Australia subsidiary Engineering professional and Australian workplace "We have had a large number of Education Australia (EEA) and industry, culture and communication, developing enquiries from onshore engineers strug- the program aims to meet the grow- skills needed to secure employment and gling to find work in Australia who have ing demand for qualified engineers by be effective in the Australian workplace. seen this program as an opportunity to helping international graduates with The program is co-delivered with EEA gain practical experience and network engineering qualifications to enhance running the engineering standards train- with potential employers," said Chaffey. their employment skills. ing, including the Code of Ethics. "A number of participants have already Research by Engineers Australia The program concludes with a 12- relocated from other states in Australia published in The Engineering Profession: week (unpaid) professional internship as well as from overseas." a statistical overview (2011) found that in 2009/10, there were 6712 permanent visas and 2408 temporary visas granted to overseas-born engineers. However, the Sustainability r ating for infrastructure proportion of the overseas-born engineering labour force employed in actual engineering occupations was 50.4%. national I nfrastructure Sustain- for d ifferent phases of a project. The rat- The research also found the longer ability (IS) rating scheme has ings types mark: the end of the planning overseas-born engineers are in Australia, been launched by the Australian and design; the end of construction; and the lower the unemployment rate. In the Green Infrastructure Council the operation of the asset. first six years of arriving in Australia (AGIC), having been developed over "AGIC's IS rating scheme is designed the unemployment rate for engineers is the past four years. to drive innovation, contribute to risk 7.3%, dropping to 3.7% after 6-15 years The scheme is comprised of the reduction and validate industry achieve- in Australia. The unemployment rate Infrastructure Sustainability (IS) rat- ments through independent certifica- for Australian-born engineers is 1.8%. ing tool, a formal assessment process, tion," AGIC chair David Singleton said. In late 2010, Navitas and EEA hosted rating certification, a technical manual The scheme would help improve an industry event to discuss skill short- and an education program. It was de- environmental, social and economic age needs with employers in Western veloped through industry engagement outcomes across the design, construc- Australia and to look at the benefits of and through AGIC working groups, tion and operational phases of infra- promoting the state as an employment and will be administered by the AGIC. structure projects and assets, he said. destination of choice through the Engi- The IS rating scheme aims to provide AGIC is keen for governments and neering Education Program. a common national language for sus- private developers across Australia to Immediately following this event tainability in infrastructure, and provide include the IS rating scheme in infra- Navitas met with representatives and a vehicle for consistent evaluation of structure tenders to provide a frame- students of universities in the UK and sustainability in tendering processes. work for industry to use. Europe to assess the viability of the Infrastructure types that are covered AGIC is also encouraging all industry program. by the scheme include transport, water stakeholders to use the tool, including "We received overwhelmingly positive and wastewater, energy and communi- designers, planners, operators and feedback from the education sector," cation. Projects and assets will be rated owners. Navitas Workforce Solutions general on a 100 point scale. An IS rating in Singleton likened the IS rating manager Catherine Chaffey said. "There the range of 25-49 is Good practice, scheme to the Green Building Council is also a high level of industry support 50-74 is Excellent practice and 75-100 of Australia's Green Star rating. for this initiative, making it one of the is Leading practice. "Just as Green Star has changed best ways for international graduates to A single rating can be obtained for building design and functionality, we network with potential employers and infrastructure projects that include envisage the IS rating scheme will secure ongoing employment." more than one infrastructure type, and change the design, construction and EEA and Navitas worked together to large projects which are packaged into performance of Australia's infrastruc- develop the structure of the program. multiple smaller projects may obtain ture," he said. The theoretical component is delivered multiple ratings. For more information go to: www. at PIBT, a Navitas college located at Edith Three rating types will be available agic.net.au/ISratingscheme1.htm. Cowen University in Perth. There is a

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ith A ustralia moving to adopt a The g ame uses the Unity3D platform will p rovide unprecedented access to national qualification to enable and is expected to be delivered online in more accessible training and learning workers to enter a construction regional or remote locations via a web opportunities." site, an immersive 3D computer browser and National Broadband Network Interactive computer-based simulator game is being developed to deliver occu- (NBN) connectivity. games are thought to be well suited to pational health and safety "White Card" Focusing on the design and develop- delivering VET because: "Participants certification training for the construction ment of immersive educational environ- are active in the learning experience in industry. ments and the game play necessary to a virtual reality that supplies rewards The project commenced in January and achieve identified learning outcomes, the and builds expertise, while providing a is being developed by a team at Victoria Victoria University project is a collabora- safe place in which to learn and explore." University, in partnership with Oztron tion between the Curriculum Innovation Skills Tasmania national NBN program Media, in a project titled "Taking safety Unit, the work-based Education Research manager Fiona Huskinson said: "This use seriously through computer gameplay". Centre and the Faculty of Technical and of games technologies and the develop- The computer game being developed Trade Innovation. ment of immersive learning environments enables workers to learn and be assessed The project has been made possible enable the targeted delivery of flexible, for the unit of competency required by through funding from the National Vo- customised learning programs in the the National Code of Practice for Induc- cational Education and Training (VET) workplace, while ensuring participant tion for Construction Work, without being E-learning Strategy, whose NBN E- engagement through active learning." compromised by time and location. It learning Programs aim is to "strengthen With the project expected to be also allows trainees to gain experience the Australian training sector's use of new completed in June, Huskinson said it is on a virtual site, using virtual industrial learning technologies, stimulating innova- currently expected that the resource will equipment without exposing them to tive approaches to increasing participation be available at no cost at the end of the potential risk. in training and employment, and improve project as long as Victoria University is In the game, the user makes a series the skill levels of the Australian workforce". able to collect research data on its use. of planning and safety-based choices, South Australian Department of Fur- To learn more about the project and and interacts with supervisors and fellow ther Education, Employment, Science and to follow monthly updates go to: http:// workers, with the goal of planning and Technology chief executive and chair of nbne-learning.wikispaces.com/Taking+ performing a day's work without injur- the Flexible Learning Advisory Group Safety+Seriously+Through+Computer+ ing themselves or their fellow workers, Raymond Garrand said: "Used strategi- Gameplay. or destroying equipment. cally, the new technological environment

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Performance a udit for national electricity market

n a udit conducted into the National greenhouse g as emissions and renewable community a spirations, the need for Electricity Market (NEM) has re- energy generation, and was deemed by transparency and the idea that the NEM vealed the market has performed survey respondents as the most crucial should be better integrated into broader fairly well in the service of the new criterion to include in the NEO. policy implementation: "long-term interests of the consumer", but Energy efficiency and demand man- 1. The Standing Council on Energy and its energy efficiency and environmental agement were also ranked poorly, each Resources should be presented with performance have been graded as very receiving a "D. annual public performance reporting poor. The NEM Report Card, which was Chris Dunstan from the Institute for of the NEM against the criteria of commissioned by environmental protec- Sustainable Futures said the issues of en- the NEO. tion organisation the Total Environment vironmental performance have an adverse 2. Public reporting on the performance Centre, was compiled by the Institute for effect on the overall NEO. of the NEM should be extended for Sustainable Futures at the University of "There is a case to be made that if we the consumer side of the market, par- Technology Sydney with assistance from paid attention to environmental issues ticularly in relation to customer bills, researchers at Monash University. and costs, we may well have had less customer energy efficiency, demand The Total Environment Centre com- pressure on consumer costs, because the management, protection of vulnerable missioned the report after receiving wholesale electricity price has been flat customers and customer satisfaction. funding from the Consumer Advocacy or downward," he said. 3. The NEO should be amended to in- Panel. The centre said the aim of the The report also made some recom- corporate social and environmental report was to measure the impacts of the mendations on how the NEM and the criteria for the long term interest of NEM's performance (specifically in the NEO might be reformed to better meet consumers in addition to the existing environmental and sustainable sphere) its existing criteria - taking account of technical and price criteria. since its inception in 1998, to determine whether or not the NEM's current definition of "long-term interests" sufficiently incorporates sustainability. Resettlement d ifficult in rail project According to the Total Environment Centre, the NEM had until now never roblems r esettling people af- and p laces of business, with minimal been subjected to a full audit of its per- fected by an Australian-funded opportunities to generate new income." formance against the National Electricity rail project in Cambodia have been Australia is providing $26 million Objective (NEO), which exists to promote described in a report published through the Asian Development Bank, the interests of electricity consumers. by development organisation Bridges amounting to 15% of the project's total As part of the report card investigation, Across Borders Cambodia in February. cost. Of this, $21.6 million is for civil a range of representatives of consumer The Cambodian Railway rehabilita- works and procurement, $3.4 million organisations were surveyed as to how tion project involves repairing or recon- for training of Cambodian staff and they perceived the current NEO. structing 650km of railway. Australian $1 million to support resettlement of "TEC has been advocating for eight company Toll Holdings has the contract local residents. years for changes to the rules to encourage to operate the restored railway as part AusAid said it has been monitoring more energy conservation and efficiency of a public-private partnership. resettlement. An AusAid spokesperson and demand management [in the NEMJ," According to AusAid, around 6000 told Engineers Australia there have been said centre executive director Jeff Angel. people living within the railway corridor improvements in resettlement since "It's time for Australia's electricity will have to relocate. late-2010. market to reflect the massive shift that The Derailed report found that The improvements include: is happening in energy markets around some families have been intimidated +- essential services are available at all the world, with the transition to clean or coerced to accept low compensa- resettlement sites energy generation and energy efficiency tion. "Some families have been left + financial compensation is provided measures at its core." unable to reconstruct adequate housing to households that takes into account On the basis of the data currently that meets minimum standards under rising food prices available, the report card gave the NEM a international law, which amounts to a + grievances of affected households "C" ranking for price, a "B" for reliability serious violation of human rights," the are being assessed and responded to and a "C" for security of supply. However, report said. +- additional funding is being provided with the exception of customer bills and "None of the five project-sponsored to help those relocated earn a living level of competition, the performance of resettlement sites were fully prepared after being resettled. the NEM for criteria which fall outside with basic services and facilities when According to AusAid, the resettlement the scope of the NEO ranges from fair resettlement commenced, causing con- process is the responsibility of the to very poor. siderable hardship to resettled families. Cambodian government. The lowest ranking was given to envi- "Resettlement sites are located far The Derailed report can be accessed ronmental performance, which received away from people's original homes at: www.babcambodia.org/derailed. an "F". This criterion was measured by

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NEWS

Professional

c ards for Europe BH E lectronics engineer Albert Goller eSMEC. H graduated in civil engineering has stepped down as chief executive of from the University of Nottingham, UK. Siemens in Australia and New Zealand B Sinclair Knight Merz has appointed omentum i s building in after nine years in the position. mechanical engineer Alan Fotheringham Europe for the widespread H Civil engineer David Saxelby has to lead the company's energy business. adoption of a professional en- been appointed chief operating officer of Fotheringham has 24 years' experience in gineering card that facilitates Lend Lease. He was previously managing oil and gas in the UK, Asia and Australia. the proof of qualifications and skills. director of Thiess. BH Mechanical engineer Dr Ken Moss The engineering card is being pro- BH Mechanical engi- will become chancellor of the University moted by FEANT, the European Fed- neer Greg Lowe will of Newcastle in May. He was formerly eration of Engineering Associations, lead Beca's international managing director of Howard Smith which unites national engineering as- operations as group and chair of Australian Maritime Safety sociations from 32 European countries. CEO from 1 April, ini- Authority, Boral, Centennial Coal and Late last year, the Dutch Royal In- tially from the com- GPT Group. stitute of Engineers KIVI NIRIA intro- pany's Australian head H Dr Tony Haig has joined WA-based duced the engineering card, becoming Greg L owe office in Melbourne control systems company Argon as en- the second country after Germany to and next year from the gineering manager. He held key roles at introduce it. KIVI NIRIA and the VDI group headquarters in Auckland. Lowe Australian weather systems firm Almos of Germany have played an active role was previously managing director of the Systems, now part of Schneider Electric. both within FEANT and in discussions firm's Australian business. BH Electrical engineer Albert Koenig with the European Union. H Engineer Danny Graham was has been appointed to the National Oc- In 2007 FEANI commenced a proj- awarded a Public Service Medal on cupational Licensing Authority, set up to ect to develop a professional card for Australia Day for his work on delivery oversee the new national licensing system. engineers and while the Netherlands is of public infrastructure in NSW through Koenig is a former director of energy only the second country, other coun- public private partnerships and privately safety in the WA government. tries are expected to follow this year. financed partnerships. He is a director at BH SMEC has appointed civil engineer In the Netherlands, all data will be NSW Treasury. Deane Ellwood as the regional direc- validated and recorded in a central BN Electrical engineer Dr Rod Tucker tor, southern. Based in Melbourne, he is database, called the Dutch Engineers from the University of Melbourne was responsible for Victoria, South Australia, Register. An engineering card will be awarded a Medal of the Order of Aus- Tasmania and Western Australia. Ellwood issued as a proof of registration and tralia for his service to the electrical and was previously national director, infra- will give a summary of the engineer's electronics industry. structure and environment at Meinhardt. competencies. H Dr Claire Whitehasbeenawarded the H Aurecon has appointed David FEANT said the engineering card Neutron Scattering Society of America's Radcliffe as rail leader, resources and will be a stimulus for the European Outstanding Student Research prize for manufacturing based in Perth. He has 25 market to equalise national employ- 2012 for her work on developing alterna- years' experience in Australian and inter- ment standards. tive concretes with lower CO, emissions. national rail projects. Christian Nielsen White is based at the Los Alamos National has joined Aurecon's fire engineering team Laboratory in the US. She completed her in WA. The company has also appointed PhD in the Department of Chemical and civil engineer Neil Proud as ports leader, Biomolecular Engineering at the Univer- transport services. sity of Melbourne. BH Electrical engineer Ron Bennell has Design, C onstruction, Civil Works, Pavements, Warehouses, Earthworks, H Brian Minhinick has been appointed joined NDYLTK Rail as group manager, Drainage, Soil Tests, Pipelines, international business director for Entura, overhead traction wiring based in Bris- Asphalt, Carparks, Bridges, Foundations, Concrete, Roadworks, Crushed Rock, the consulting arm of Hydro Tasmania. bane. He has 38 years of rail experience Landscaping, Structural Steel. Minhinick was previously employed at in Queensland, Victoria and the US.

Construct o r Design-and-Construct Manufacturing Industry specialists Reporting i n_SI units

ABo n t he cover story of the February issue sprefix i understood to apply before that of Engineers Australia, the sub editing other unit is raised to the power, see for BERNE F LEMING CIVIL PTY LTD process reduced "million cubic metres" example Handbook of Units and Quanti- Melbourne to Mm. As Simon Bastin pointed out ties, FA Rocke, (1984)" www.bfc.com.au in a Letter to the Editor, this is not a In keeping with SI units, instances of correct reduction. Mm? in the cover story should be read as "A basic rule of SI units is: If the unit million m*, or x 10° m* or 1,000,000 m*. is named as a power of another unit, any

I4 2 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

INFRASTRUCTURE

AUSTRALIA

Infrastructure - a v ital part of the Australian economy - INFRASTRUCTURE relies heavily on engineering for its design, construction, & A USTRALIA 2011 commissioning and maintenance. Furthermore, engineering's peak professional association, Engineers Australia, continues to highlight Australia's infrastructure status via its state and national report cards. A S NAPSHOT OF PROJECTS

Engineers A ustralia magazine plans to continue the infrastructure debate by producing Infrastructure Australia. This important publication will be inserted into both the Civil and General editions of Engineers Australia magazine in the April 2012 issue, and will be sent to all politicians and appropriate federal, state and local government departments as well as all members of Engineers Australia. This is an advertising opportunity not to be missed, which will reach more than 55,000 professional engineers who are active purchasers of products and services.

FAST! SPACES FILLING - ADVERTISING LAST OPPORTUNITY | Published 19 April 2012 Material 23 March 2012 March 2012. |_ Advertising Advertising b ookings 20 eee

Denise G rant (NSW) Maree F raser (Qld) Russell Baker (SA) Phone: (02) 9438 1533 Phone: 07 5594 5455 Phone: (08) 8267 1198 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Travis W yeth (Vic) Kym B urke (WA) Phone: (03) 9701 8844 Phone: ( 08) 9381 7766 SPECIAL RATES APPLY Email: t [email protected] Email: k [email protected]

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x O com p /a g Engineers Australia magazine is 1 bd inviting entries for its 2012 national photo competition about engineering. We are looking for O photos t hat encapsulate the essence of engineering in its many facets, for example:

+_ t he inspiring and exciting work engineers do +_ engineers in their sometimes exotic work environments + a structure aesthetically blending into the environment <_ engineering gone wrong.

The p hotos must have been taken after 1 January 2010. Computer graphics are not eligible. Photo entries can be made by anyone, from individual engineers to company representatives and professional photographers. Australian residents working in Australia or Australians working overseas are eligible and the photo subject is not confined to Australia. The winner will be selected by Engineers Australia magazine and announced at a special function on 9 August during Engineering Week in Sydney. The winning photo, together with a selection of the best entries, will be published in the August issue of Engineers Australia magazine. W T he deadline is Friday 29 June.

O Electronic photos can be sent by email to [email protected]. & Photos on CD/DVD or in print can be sent to Danny Cameron, Engineers Media, PO Box 588, Crows Nest 1585. A Inquiries: (02) 9438 1533 IT oa ae sea

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-t" I ‘ . < < v- 28) = In . - m TL tel & SNAPSHOT |

David S ingleton

Chairman, A ustralian Green Infrastructure C ouncil; Director, G lobal Planning Practice Leader, A rup.

What m ade you choose engineering as a career? Whato d you like to eat and drink? 1 have always been fascinated by building things. Also, both my father and Italian food and wine, Asian cuisines of most types, good red wine. grandfather were engineers - that must have had a positive effect. What w as your first car? What w as one of your most exciting experiences? Mini Cooper S Leading our design team for the Melbourne City Link bid. What m ovie or book had a big impact on you? What w as one of your most challenging experiences? "An Inconvenient Truth" by Al Gore. Leading Arup Australia in the merger [2001] with our colleagues in the UK. What w as one of the best decisions you've made? What e vent had a big impact on your career? To emigrate to Australia from England in 1973. Attending the Cambridge program for sustainability in Salzburg in 2004. oWhat d you do on Sunday mornings? What m akes you laugh? As little as possible. English comedy from a certain era eg Fawlty Towers, Monty Python. Whats i your passion outside engineering? What i nspires you? Music, of nearly all types; good food and good company. My children, Zoe and Hugh. What w as one of your best holidays? sWhat i the first thing you do when you get home Ten days on the Nile with Anne, my wite. after work? Get changed into casual clothes and try to switch off. What w ould you like to see improve in Australia? Vision and courage from our politicians and our communities; the What c heers you up after a difficult day at work? former to encourage long-term decision-making and the latter to expect Our new West Highland terrier Angus. more from their elected representatives.

Whato d you do to keep fit? Not enough - walking, to the tram and with Angus.

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EMPLOYMENT

Engineering s kills shortages persist

by A ndre Kaspura

ostf o the past decade has been occupational g roups, the engineering la- pactf o the GFC was to ease the situation characterised by engineering bour market is defined by the relationship a little as evidenced by an increase in the skills shortages even in the depths between the demand for and supply of unemployment rate to 4.1% before once of the global financial crisis engineers. The red line in figure 1 is the again falling to 3.7% in 2010. (GFC). The paucity of labour market unemployment rate for the engineering The engineering unemployment statis- statistics in Australia has meant that it has labour force and is a measure of under- tic for 2011 is not yet available. However, been essential to blend official statistics utilised engineering resources. figure 1 shows the relationship between with our own surveys to build under- Before the GFC, the engineering un- this macro measure and the summary standing of what has been happening. employment rate was 2.4%, a level many response to the Engineers Australia sur- Engineers Australias annual salary and economists associate with frictional un- vey. When unemployment is low, the benefits survey, which includes questions employment, that is, the small amount of proportion of employers experiencing on skills shortages, now has results for unemployment attributable to movements difficulties recruiting engineers is high six years, with the most recent survey between jobs of a substantially fully em- and conversely when unemployment undertaken last December. ployed workforce. This was unambiguous of engineers increases, the proportion The questions pick up the multidi- evidence of an acute shortage of engineers of employers experiencing difficulties mensional character of engineering skills and substantiated the anecdotal evidence recruiting engineers falls. The suggestion shortages. At a macro level, like other coming to Engineers Australia. The im- from figure 1 is that the overall engineering labour market has remained relatively unchanged in 2011. Figure 1 : The proportion of respondents that experienced difficulties But the fact remains that, in 2011, recruiting engineers in the past 12 months 63% of employers experienced difficulties 80 4.5 recruiting engineers. These difficulties 70 4 reflect the macro situation and three critical aspects of the engineering labour 3 .5 eo market. These aspects relate to different engineering specialisations, different

(%) levels of work experience and different on S

rate locations. in

p The macro outcome summarises the respondents rointerplay (g to of these aspects. There is consid- O

wo o o erable scope for change in the engineering % f nemployment in U labour market without necessarily being 20 1 obvious at the macro level. Figure 2 considers engineering spe- 10 0.5 cialisations. In the five years to 2010, the familiar specialisations of civil, structural, o o 2006 2 007 2008 2009 2 010 2011 electrical and mechanical engineering

accounted for an average of almost three-

Figure 2 : Engineering specialisations and difficulties recruiting engineers quarters of the difficulties experienced ®Civil @ S tructural ®Electrical ® Mechanical ® Chemical = Electronic, IT, etc ® Environmental @ Mining by employers in recruiting engineers. 30.0 However, in 2011 this share eased to 66.2%. Aggregating civil and structural engineers and electrical and mechanical 25.0 engineers showed similar patterns. Over the five years to 2010, civil and structural engineers accounted for an ho 9 o average 38.7% of recruitment difficulties

vacancies experienced. However, in 2011 the civil &n and structural share eased to 34.1%, the lowest share encountered in the six years o o o __S of the survey. The recruitment of electri- % f affected cal and mechanical engineers followed a similar, albeit lower, trend. 5.0 The five years to 2010 showed that 34.5% of recruiting difficulties experi- 0.0 enced by employers was in respect of these 2 006 2007 2008 2009 2 010 2011

0I 3 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

EMPLOYMENT

specialisations. I n 2011, the share eased Figure: 3 Engineering levels and difficulties recruiting engineers to 32.1. Nevertheless, the four specialisa- mLevel 1 = Level2 mLevel3 mLevel4 =Level5 tions still accounted for the recruiting 35.0 difficulties experienced for two out of three positions. Chemical, electronics (including IT and telecommunications), environmental and mining engineers accounted for an average 26.8% of the recruiting difficul-

ties experienced by employers in the five vacancies years to 2010.

In 2011, the share of recruiting difficul- affected

ties experienced by this group increased of % to 33.8% with the degree of difficulty increasing for all four specialisations, particularly for mining engineers. Over the five years to 2010, average

recruiting difficulties by experience level 2006 2 007 2008 2009 2 010 2011

form a "bell" curve centred on engineers with levels of experience of 14 years in the private sector and 18 years in the public :Figure 4 Location and difficulties recruiting engineers mSW N ® Victoria ®Queensland @WA ®SA ®=Tasmania ®NT ®ACT sector. The skew towards lower experience 30.0 levels is evident in figure 3. On average 17.3% of difficulties relate to experience level 1; 19.8% to level 2; 25.0 28.7% to level 3; 21.1% to level 4 and 13.1% to level 5. In 2011, the difficulties experienced in recruiting engineers at level 3 eased to 26.1%. There were mar- vacancies ginal changes at levels 1 and 2, level 4 was consistent with the average and at level 5 affected

there was an increase to 14.7. of

Figure 4 shows the locational dimen- % sion of engineering recruitment difficulties. Over the first five years of the survey Queensland experienced the greatest recruitment difficulties, accounting for 2006 2007 2 008 2009 2 010 2011 23.4%. The jurisdiction that accounted for the second highest level of recruiting eased, b ut only slightly, to 76% in 2011. at t hat level for two years. In 2011, the difficulties was NSW accounting for an The second most significant recruiting proportion of employers paying higher average of 21.6% over the same period. problem was that recruiting times were salaries increased to 43%. Western Australia was next with an av- longer than normal. The five-year aver- Employers have adapted to the difficult erage of 19.6%, with Victoria at 14.4%. age here was 59.2% and in 2011 there recruiting environment for engineers. In In 2011, recruiting difficulties in- was a slight easing to 57%. In 2011, 29% 2006, 43% of employers described the creased in Queensland (26.1%) and West- of employers could not recruit engineers consequences of recruiting difficulties as ern Australia (22.9%), eased slightly in at all. While somewhat down on the major problems, including project delays NSW (20.3%) and South Australia (7.3%) five-year average (37.4%), this remains a and costs. This proportion has steadily and remained steady in Victoria. Recruit- comparatively high figure. fallen and has averaged 28% over the ing difficulties eased in the three smaller Employers have addressed their past three years, lower but still significant. jurisdictions; Tasmania (1.1%); Northern recruiting difficulties by retraining en- Conversely, the proportion of em- Territory (3.3%) and ACT (4.3%). gineers whom they could recruit and ployers describing their situation as So far as the next 12 months are con- through salary incentives. Throughout moderate problems with some monetary cerned, employers expect a slight easing in the six years of the survey, a steady 23% consequences has increased. In 2006, it recruiting difficulties with 60% expecting of employers recruited a different skill set was 39%, increasing to 43% by 2008, problems to continue. to that required and retrained the new holding steady at that level through the The most significant recruiting prob- recruits. In 2006, about 42% of employers GFC, before increasing to 57% in 2010 lem experienced by employers was that resolved recruiting difficulties by paying and 54% in 2011. they "could not recruit the required a higher salary than they expected to pay. skill set". Over the first five years of the Over the next two years this propor- An e conomist, Andre Kaspura is a policy survey an average of 78.2% of employers tion increased to 58%, but the advent of analyst at Engineers Australia's national experiencing recruiting difficulties were the GFC saw it fall to 32% and remain office in Canberra. confronted by this issue. This problem

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

SUSTAINABLE P ROJECT OF THE MONTH

Filtration b rings clean water

to d eveloping countries

new s afe water filtration unit, called j p Skybox and designed for developing countries, will be launched on World Water Day, 22 March, by Australian organisation SkyJuice Foun- dation. The non-profit organisation aims to help achieve Millennium Development Goals for access to clean water. Its original device was SkyHydrant potable water unit. Over the past eight years, more than 1200 units have been installed in 50 countries through partnerships with nongovern- ment organisations (NGOs). The SkyHydrant operates using 1m head without an electrical power supply. There is no pretreatment or chemical treatment. It can produce up to 10kL/d. The filtration barrier is a microporous low-pressure Siemens Memcor membrane that removes suspended solids, bacteria, helminths, protozoa and some viruses. It is not designed for brackish source water. Multiple units can be arranged in parallel to run under constant head pressure. In this configuration, the system can deliver 100kL/d-200kL/d. The new SkyBox operates using the same technology as the SkyHydrant but produces around 500L/d. It consists of a 50L container and an ultrafiltration membrane. Water is directed, poured or pumped into the unit. The membrane has to be cleaned Dr M oses Kizza Musaazi from the College of Engineering in Makerere University, Uganda with a SkyBox and samples of 100NTU turbidity water before and after manually by shaking the box every 100 filtration. cycles. Every 1000-1500 cycles, it has to be

International Y ear of Sustainable Energy

heN U has declared 2012 the five-year t erm, he articulated three the r isks of climate change. Achieving International Year of Sustainable complementary objectives, all to be sustainable energy for all is both feasible Energy for All. achieved by 2030: and necessary." In his keynote address to the + to ensure universal access to modern A Framework for an Action Agenda, World Future Energy Summit in mid- energy services which was produced at the summit, January, UN Secretary-General Ban + to double the rate of improvement proposes action at the national and Ki-moon called on governments, the of energy efficiency international levels, such as expanding private sector and society to make + to double the share of renewable energy access, promoting efficiency significant commitments to action in energy in the global energy mix. standards and policies, and strengthen- support of the UN's Sustainable Energy "This is the right time for this initia- ing investment in renewables. for All initiative (see www.sustainableen- tive," he said. "Across the world we see This will be further promoted at the ergyforall.org). momentum building for action that UN Conference on Sustainable Develop- In designating sustainable develop- reduces energy poverty, catalyses sus- ment (Rio+20) in June. M ment as his top priority for his next tainable economic growth, and mitigates

I2 3 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

SUSTAINABLE P ROJECT OF THE MONTH I

cleaned w ith chlorine to prevent fouling eventually S kyJuice's partner organisations and organic build-up. would have to facilitate people exchang- SkyJuice founder and mechanical en- ing old membranes for new ones. "It is gineer Rhett Butler said the SkyBox has envisaged that this membrane exchange been developed in response to NGOs initiative will develop into a longer term wanting smaller units to supply 5-10 mutually beneficial industry partnership." families rather than entire communities. According to Butler, the underlying SkyJuice is working with partners in philosophy of SkyJuice is that people in Kenya and Uganda to set up SkyBox developing countries deserve the same distribution as a "cottage industry". quality of water technology as people Butler said the membranes have a in Sydney or London. But rather than lifespan of 5-10 years and they haven't waiting for developing countries to build yet needed to be replaced. He said that centralised water systems, SkyJuice helps communities benefit immediately from decentralised supplies. "We need at least another one million units installed and there is still a lot of Call f or work in front of us," Butler said. "Australia has some of the world's lead- projects ing expertise in water and sanitation. Over the years we have developed some world e i nvite engineers to tell best solutions in low cost sanitation and us about their sustainable water treatment. Australians are proven projects. innovators." Submissions s hould be sent to In January, Butler was awarded an [email protected]. Order of Australia for providing sus-

For more information contact tainable safe water solutions in the SkyJuice f ounder Rhett Butler aims to Dietrich Georg, email dgeorg@en- developing world. provide sustainable safe water systems to gineersmedia.com.au or phone 02 meet M illennium Development Goals. 9438 1533. M Proto: NarionaL Centre of ExcELLENCE in DesaLinarion AustRaLiA

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ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 33 I

COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

A m assive monument of Chinggis Khaan, dominating the surrounding countryside , symbolises Mongolia's growing self-confidence and a reevaluation of its revered 13th century hero as a leader who unified the country and introducedsensible laws that were adopted by many other countries.

COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

Talk a bout Mongolia and most people will think about Chinggis Khaan. However, today the country is becoming increasingly known for its mineral wealth. Dietrich Georg visited the country last month and filed these reports. ioe ret nol erie

COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

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moting f oreign investment through its said. S maller projects will be fully open Other p rojects under consideration Foreign Investment & Foreign Trade to private investment. include coal processing (coal-liquid, coal- Agency (FIFTA), with private public To add value to its minerals and be- gas) and oil refining. partnerships a preferred model. Last year come more self-sufficient in electricity, The government is also planning to the government introduced a law to that transport fuels and steel, the country demonopolise its energy sector with the effect, opening the door for foreign inves- is considering several downstream pro- aim of liberalising power prices and thus tors on any project, according to Batkhuu cessing facilities, Batkhuu said. One of enticing more foreign investment, Batkhuu Bataa, director of the Mining and Heavy these projects is a steel smelter to meet explained. This process is expected to be

Industry Policy Department of the Min- at least domestic demand. At present complete by 2014. A istry of Mineral Resources and Energy. there is one scrap metal smelter with an Another priority for the government is a Q The development of the mining sector output of 100,000t/a, but the majority of new 5600km railway network spanning the is a top priority, with direct government the country's steel demand is covered by entire country from east to west. The first AN involvement limited to large projects, he imports from Russia and China. stage is a 1100km line from Dalanzadgad in the south to the Russian border in the northeast via Sainshand and Choibalsan.

The rail line will not only take mining * products, primarily coal, from the Gobi Desert to a proposed industrial hub in

Sainshand for downstream processing but x also open new seaborne export routes from ¢" 3 OTP X Vladivostok on the Russian east coast via the Trans-Siberian railway. At present, the country is selling almost all its coal to China, "way under the global market price" due to China's monopoly on Mongolian coal exports, according to Batzaya Baasandorj, CEO of the Mongolian Railway State Owned Shareholding Com- pany (MTZ). His views were published in an extensive interview in the latest issue (2012/1) of the Mongolian Airlines inflight magazine, demonstrating the importance L of this project to the country. hy This east-west rail line will be supple- mented by spur lines south to the Chinese border. However, Batkhuu stressed that atkhuu B ataa ... The Mongolian government i while the miners would like to see these 1 its Foreign Investment & Foreign Trade Agency (F spur lines built as soon as possible, par- a preferred model. ticularly the one from Tavan Tolgoi, the government's priority is the line to the

36 E NGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

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COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

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Russian b order for geopolitical reasons. centres s ealed and the reconstruction of which will be held for the first time on The government is considering floating Ulaanbaatar's international airport, which 16-19 May in Ulaanbaatar. According to MTZ to help fund the project. is to be financed with Japanese aid money. the German organiser, more than 100 in- Other major infrastructure projects Mongolia's appearance on the interna- ternational companies have already signed on the government's agenda include a tional stage is also underlined by a major up to show their equipment, mainly geared program to have all roads between major exhibition called Future Mongolia 2012, towards the mining sector. MM

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COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

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66 p refer the cold," ex- There a re some 700 employees, mostly Harris n ow lives in one of the comfort- I plained Markus Lin- Mongolians, operating the UHG mine, able and modern apartments that have nden o his first day said Brett Harris, Leighton LLC's technical since been built. He is on a four-week on, at the Ukhaa Khudag services manager for the mine. Among two-week off roster and still enjoys the (UHG) coal mine in the Gobi Desert, the the staff are several young Mongolian challenges of operating a mine in such a same day Ivisited the site. The temperature engineers who were educated at universi- remote area and under such extreme cli- outside in the middle of a sunny day was ties in Ulaanbaatar. mate conditions without any pre-existing about -25°C. Originally from Cologne A young mining engineer from Perth, local infrastructure or mining expertise in Germany, Linden previously worked Harris has been working at the mine for to draw on. in Dubai, where temperatures are at the the past two years, making him one of the Leighton Asia became involved in other extreme. A fitter by trade, he will longest serving expats at the site. When Mongolia in 2007 when it was asked to be a supervisor at the mine workshop. he first arrived, he just missed being do a feasibility study on thermal coal for Linden is one of the few expats at the housed in a traditional Mongolian ger (a a small Mongolian mining company, ac- site working for Leighton LLC (Mongolian round demountable tent with a stove in cording to Mark Bailey, executive director entity of Leighton Asia), which is operat- the middle), which was the only accom- of Leighton LLC. He is based in Mongolia's ing the UHG mine for Energy Resources modation available for the first employees capital, Ulaanbaatar, commonly referred LLC, a subsidiary of the Mongolian Mining when the mine was started from scratch to as UB. Corporation. in 2008. A civil engineer from Perth, Bailey

38 ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

I . L eighton's Mark B e s ee ourselves as the mining depart he mine owner with emphasis on the c goal of the project."

producers i n China with Mongolia's coal. this t ransport mode was chosen because Where o nly four The mine was started at a spot where it could be implemented quickly, thus the coal seam was only 25m below the generating income practically from the years ago there was surface, enabling coal production to start. Some 150 trucks full of coal leave commence within six months of the first the site every day. nothing but brown excavation. After another six months, at A rail line is currently being designed the end of September 2009, the first 1 to be constructed alongside the road. coarse desert sand, million tonnes of coal had been excavated. Where only four years ago there was The rapid speed of development con- nothing but coarse brown desert sand, today the mine tinued, with the production rate reaching the UHG mine today is surrounded 5Mt/a by May 2010. Currently, the mine is by extensive supporting infrastructure. itself is surrounded targeting to produce 10Mt/a, with a peak Mine staff, coal truck drivers and asso- output of about 15Mt/a expected by 2013. ciated personnel with their families live by extensive At present, about 70 Caterpillar dump in a new township that is home to about trucks, in sizes up to 240t, move back and 10,000 people. There are school facilities, supporting forth around the clock, taking overburden several banks as well as electricity and and coal out of the mine. About 60 more water networks. Most people still live in infrastructure. dump trucks are on order. The first trucks gers, but there are now also some brick- delivered to the mine in 2009 were driven and-mortar houses. made t he move to Leighton Asia in 2006, across the Gobi Desert without a road The electricity comes from a small after 21 years with Leighton in Western from the Chinese border, where they had 18MW power station at the mine and Australia, to grow the company's mining been assembled from parts. water is pumped from an aquifer some business in Asia out of the Hong Kong The coal deposit holds mostly high- 20km away. office. quality coking coal as well as some A new asphalt road leads through the "We set up an office in UB in 2007 thermal coal. The majority of the output town to the airport, which consists of no and, on 1 October 2008, we started the is exported to China for steel smelting. more than a small but modern terminal first excavation at UHG, which is now the The first coal was dug out of the ground building and a gravel runway, with plans largest operating coal mine in Mongolia," and sold without any treatment. There to seal the latter. There is one flight every he said. is now a coal handling and preparation morning from UB to the UHG mine and The mine is located about 540km south plant, which refines the coking coal and back. The route is serviced by an 80-seat of UB and east of the town of Dalanzadgad removes the thermal coal from it to in- turboprop and two smaller propeller in Tavan Tolgoi, where there are huge coal crease its value and reduce transportation planes, chartered by Energy Resources. deposits, mostly in thick seams close to costs (see separate story). Leighton Asia's mining contract with the surface, making them easily acces- The coal is transported by long trucks Energy Resources is based on a rela- sible by open-cut mining. Tavan Tolgoi is of up to 120t (similar to Australia's road tionship model. "This model provides about 250km from the Chinese border in trains) on a newly sealed road to the Chi- extensive flexibility during operation and the south, with a major railway hub just nese border. Again, taking into account creates a win-win situation for client and across the border. This hub connects steel that there was no existing infrastructure, contractor alike," explained Bailey.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 39 COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

"We s ee ourselves as the mining department of the mine owner with emphasis on the common goal of the project rather than the separate interests of each participant," Bailey said. To reinforce this approach, in January, the mining teams from Leighton Asia and Energy Resources gathered outside UB for a two-day workshop to review and refresh the relationship agreement. As far as Leighton Asia's social involvement in Mongolia as a good corporate citizen is concerned, one of its initiatives is creating employment opportunities for local women. It is training women to be operators of mine equipment. However, one obstacle is a government ruling that women are not allowed to operate equipment that is heavier than 2.5t, which currently precludes them from driving a dump truck. Another company initiative is contrib- uting to the construction of a new orphan- age and school for the Lotus Children's Centre that opened in mid-January and now houses over 60 children. Overall, the company has a strong commitment to the country. "Leighton Asia is well established in Mongolia and looks forward to pursuing other mining and infrastructure projects as the economy grows and new resources projects are progressed," said Leighton Holdings' CEO Hamish Tyrwhitt in the company's 2011 annual report. MM

oTop t bottom: A m ixture of concrete/brick houses and gers makes up the new town near the mine. fRows o gers accommodate many of the mine workers. Theres i one flight a day from Ulaanbaatar to the mine's a irport (shown here). Extra-long t rucks transport the coal to the Chinese border.

40 E NGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

Coal p lant from Australia

he d eposit at the Ukhaa Khu- dag Mine (UHG) holds mostly high-quality coking coal, as well as some thermal coal. A new coal handling and preparation plant (CHPP) refines the coking coal and sepa- rates the thermal coal from it. Built in stages, the CHPP will have three processing modules and a single product handling system. The first two modules are now operating and the third is expected to come on stream later this year. The c oal handling and preparation Each module, which has a capacity of plant will have a capacity of 15Mt/a. 5Mt/a, is housed in a special insulated building with a heating system which ensures that temperatures inside are maintained at between 10°C and 15°C, even when the outside temperature drops to -40°C in winter. Australian engineering services provider Sedgman designed the plant and is managing its construction. In January 2011 it also received a three-year operations management contract. The CHPP, which is several storeys high, incorporates a number of dense medium cyclones (DMCs) from Bris- bane manufacturer Ludowici as well as a Jameson flotation cell, named after Pro- fessor Graeme Jameson from Newcastle University. The main challenges in the construction of the CHPP were the climate with its extreme temperatures and dust storms, Young M ongolian process engineer as well as the remote location of the mine, Dolgor e xplaining the plant operation. explained Peter Long, president of Sedg- man Engineering Technology (Beijing), which is responsible for the company's operations in Mongolia. For instance, pouring concrete at -27°C required thermal heating equipment and anti-freeze concrete additives. And all the heavy equipment had to be transported to the site along an earthen road which was at times barely traceable and pot holed, he said. The CHPP is the first of its kind in Mongolia and, once completed, will have a capacity of 15Mt/a. "This plant has given us a high profile in Mongolia and we are hoping that it will leave us well positioned to win future Sedgman s taff (I-r) operations supervisor Luke Batman, electrical engineer Pierre Coetzee work in coal as well as metals projects. (both from Australia) and metallurgist Tsokani Nkolele (from South Africa) waiting for their But we never take anything for granted," flight g oing home. Long said. M

A ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 41

COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

Creating w ealth from copper

ust 8 0km north of the Chinese border and 600km south of the capital Ulaanbaatar, in the Gobi Desert, lies Oyu Tolgoi, one of the world's largest undeveloped copper/gold/silver deposits. A massive mine is being developed at the deposit and, once operational from next year, it will contribute a third of the country's GDP. Discovered in 2001, the deposit is so large that the mine is expected to be operating for at least 50 years. Even before it starts producing, the mine's development is already making a major contribution to the country, according to Cameron McRae, country director for Rio Tinto and CEO of Oyu Tolgoi LLC, the company that owns the mine. see y p ep

Oyu Tolgoi is a joint venture between the Mongolian government, Canadian otor t Mongolia's _ company Ivanhoe Mines and Rio Tinto. t it right. We have a The latter recently acquired 51% of Ivanhoe and has had full management control of the project since the end of 2010. ule o ie BHP, originally a part owner of the deposit, sold its share to Ivanhoe during and e valuation, to set up the mine and concentrate, which will contain 30% cop- the global financial crisis and left Mon- all associated infrastructure," said McRae, per, plus gold and silver, in the first year golia altogether in 2009. who joined Oyu Tolgoi from Rio Tinto and 20Mt/a at its peak. This will make it "We will have spent $6 billion, in ad- at the end of 2010. one of the biggest copper and gold mines dition to the $1 billion for exploration The mine will produce 600,000t of in the world.

42 ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

Among t he main challenges of building 3300 p eople will be trained in a variety Oyu T olgoi is supporting local sport the mine was finding a suitable supply of of skills that are transferable, such as IT, through the funding of a sports com- processing water, McRae said. "Without accountancy and environmental manage- plex in the regional centre Dalanzdgad water the mine would not have been ment. The company is investing about $85 and improvements to a sports hall in possible." million in the program and as part of it Bayan-Ovoo. The water will be pumped to the site will construct two new mining schools In addition, Rio Tinto recently an- via a 70km pipeline from a deep aquifer and three vocational training centres in nounced its sponsorship of two Mongo- containing non-drinkable water and different parts of the country. lian athletes competing in the London separate from the shallow sources used The company has also established a Olympics - a freestyle wrestler and a judo by the local communities. The mine will graduate scholarship program for 200 champion. The company is a gold part- reuse nearly 90% of the water required students at Mongolian universities and ner of the Mongolian National Olympic for the production process. 30 at international universities. Committee. Electricity has so far been supplied by A major aspect of the project's envi- It is also a big sponsor of the arts and diesel generators, with the fuel coming ronmental credentials is that the company professional conferences in Mongolia, from Russia. However, a powerline is now has committed itself to rehabilitating the McRae said. M being built from the Chinese border. In site once mining has ceased. addition, tenders have been called for a 3 x 150MW power station on site, McRae explained. Other infrastructure for the site in- On s ite at the Ukhaa Khudag Mine, Gobi Desert, Mongolia cludes an international standard airport and a paved road to the Chinese border in the south at Gashuun-Sukhait. At present there are up to 16,000 people working at the mine at any one time, with 11,000 of those being accommodated on site. Providing accommodation for such a large number in a short time was another challenge as everything had to be transported across the desert, McRae said. During the mine operation the workforce will drop back to about 3500, with 90% of those anticipated to be Mongolian. The mine will be a combined open pit and underground mine. "While production will start with the surface mine, in jm e - the longer term open-cut wouldn't be profitable by itself;" McRae explained. The A w orld of opbolrtunity for underground mine will start producing from 2015. Its construction, including access ramps and shafts, power supply you to explore and all underground infrastructure, began four years ago. Elevate y our career - bring your passion for design The surface mine will be operated and engineering and be part of a leading provider by Rio and the underground mine by Canadian miner Redpath. to the global resources industry. The copper ore concentrator is being We p rovide mullti-disciplinary engineering, project delivery and built by a Chinese contractor under the operations s ervices to blue chip and e merging mining companies. supervision of Fluor. The first turn of the ball mill, supplied Opportunities a vailable now to work on exciting international from China, is scheduled in August. projects in our Australian based offices. If you are passionate about With Oyu Tolgoi being such a major engineering a nd committed to following a rewarding career path, contributor to Mongolia's wealth, "it is a register your interest at our website. nation-building project and it is critical that we get it right", said McRae. "We have a significant responsibility. "There is a lot of goodwill from all stakeholders and a commitment for the project to benefit the whole country." PRIME MINISTERS JOIN T EAM SEDGMAN To improve local professional and THEEXPORTER YEAR OF trade skills, Oyu Tolgoi is running a www.sedgman.com/careers large vocational training program. Some ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA |MARCH 2012 43

COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

Venturing i nto Mongolia

esides R io Tinto and Leighton, whose involvement in Mongolia has already been widely publi- cised, several other Australian engineering companies have also ventured into the country, some with their own offices and others as subcontractors on larger projects. SMEC was among the early foreign engineering design consultants that sought work in Mongolia since independence from the Soviet Union. It has been operating in the country for about 10 years and at the beginning found its work through a local agent. In 2010 it registered an office in Ulaanbaatar, which currently employs some 10 staff, including on expat engineer from Australia. "Our latest major contract is the front end engineering and design for the 1450km east- west rail line through the southern regions of Mongolia via the regional hub Sainshand to the Russian border in the northeast," said Jim Benson, the managing director of SMEC Asia and regional manager for North Asia including Mongolia. Based in Hong Kong, Benson was in UB during my visit to finalise this contract. SMEC's contract includes modelling of a whole rail network. A smaller rail contract is a 225km line from the coal fields of Tavan Tolgoi to the Chinese border in the south, which will 1 eventually be a spur line from the main east-west line. hubt a Zamyn Uud, where the trans- The c ompany also prepared a report for Another contract is for the design and Mongolian rail line crosses into China. the government on where the best loca- construction supervision of a transport This project is funded by the Asian tions would be for various value-adding Development Bank. industries. In addition, WorleyParsons is In the execution of these contracts, pursuing opportunities in the design and SMEC is keen to transfer knowledge to construction of power plants of various local engineers, Benson said. sizes and power transmission lines, as WorleyParsons opened an office in well as possibilities in hydrocarbons and Ulaanbaatar a year ago and now has up minerals. to 20 staff and contractors working there, Mackenzie has found the Mongolian said Russell Mackenzie, the company's people he has come across generally wel- country manager who set up the office. coming and well educated, often holding The company's biggest project at multiple degrees. Before 1990, those de- present is the large Tsagaan Suvarga grees were usually obtained in the USSR, copper/molybdenum mine southwest but since democracy they are more often of Sainshand in the southeast of the from institutions in Australia, US, Canada country. The company is doing the engi- and Europe including the UK. neering, procurement and construction "Educated Mongolians typically hold management for the concentrator and Australian and Canadian companies in the mine's associated infrastructure. The high regard, as evidenced by the significant mine will be operated by the Mongolian number of Australians and Canadians in Alt Corporation and site works are Mongolia," he said. planned to start this month. Among the challenges of working in

44 ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

Mongolia, M ackenzie listed the obvious Other A ustralian companies involved at t he Tavan Tolgoi deposit. ones of the extreme climate, severe pol- in the Mongolian mining sector include Of Australias major consulting engi- lution in the capital and constant traffic Draig Resources, which recently acquired neers, SKM, Cardno and Coffey have so jams. The city was designed for a popula- several coal exploration licences; Xanadu, far done only minor work in relation to tion much smaller than it currently has, which holds rich resources in the north of Mongolia. but a lack of funds in the past combined the country; and contractor Macmahon. Beyond engineering, Australian legal with an increase in vehicle ownership In a joint venture with Germany's Op- firms are also represented in Mongolia, and influx of herders from the country- erta company, the latter has a $500 million with Allen Arthur Robinson being the latest side has meant that the infrastructure is contract with the state-owned Erdenes firm opening an office in Ulaanbaatar. MM overloaded, he said Tavan Tolgoi for coal mining operations Another challenge is the lack of experienced Mongolian engineers and skilled trades people. This can impact on the permitted staffing levels of expats, as there Australian are strict requirements for the employment ratios of locals to expats. WorleyParsons has a program of hiring recent local graduates and training them c onnections in project management and delivery. It is also offering them experiences in WorleyParsons offices in other countries. There are at least three engineering ustralia w as one of the first consultants from Perth that have been countries to engage with doing work in Mongolia - Arccon Mining Mongolia after the collapse Services, Calibre and Micromine. of the Soviet Union 20 Arccon is working on a $4.6 million years ago. Testament to this cooperation engineering, design and procurement are some 200 Mongolian civil servants services contract for the Golden Hills gold who have graduated from Australian project in the northwest of Mongolia. It universities under an AusAID program won the contract for the heap leach plant introduced 16 years ago. Some of these last September from QGX Golden Hills graduates now hold senior positions in after it had undertaken a study of design the Mongolian government including options. QGX is a Hong Kong based Dashdorj Zorigt, minister for mineral company that engages in the acquisition, resources and energy; and D Tsogtbaatar, exploration and development of resource the newly appointed minister for na- properties in Mongolia. ture, environment and tourism. These Calibre has carried out a conceptual rail graduates are referred to endearingly as study for the Ovoot coking coal project in "mozzies". the northwest of the country. The project The Australian government is about to is owned by Australian miner Aspire. open a permanent Austrade office with Calibre now has an office in Ulaanbaatar. full consular services in Ulaanbaatar. This The company underwent rapid growth last was foreshadowed early last year during David L awson ... "There are no legal year and now has more than 2000 staff. the visit to Australia by the Mongolian requirements for foreign companies to have a local equity partner but Micromine now also has an office in prime minister Sukhbaataryn Batbold. it is important to work closely with Ulaanbaatar. Its expertise is in mining Mongolia already has an embassy in local clients and help build local and minerals processing software. The Canberra. knowledge." company has just won a contract to pre- During the prime minister's visit a pare a report for the Mineral Resources memorandum of understanding was Authority of Mongolia on the results of signed between the Australian and programs i nclude the Australian Leader- a drilling program to provide a resource Mongolian Academies of Science. The ship Awards Scholarships and a program estimate of the Delgerkhann fluorspar agreement formalised scientific linkages to help the Mongolian government im- deposit. between the two countries. prove its management and regulation of The company is also working on a While bilateral trade is modest at little the mining sector. partnership, together with Curtin Univer- more than $10 million per year (mostly The scholarship program especially sity's School of Mines, with the School of in engineering equipment and services is held in high regard and is sought Engineering at the Mongolian University for the Mongolian mining industry), after in Mongolia, according the David of Science and Technology in Ulaanbaatar. Australia has provided more than $50 Lawson, Austrade's trade commissioner Another mining consultant with an million in aid to the country. in Ulaanbaatar, who currently operates office in Ulaanbaatar is Runge from Bris- The main part of the aid funding goes out of a temporary office in preparation bane. The company provides consulting, to the Mongolian Australian Scholarships for the official opening of Australia's first training and software for the mining and Program which provides a master's degree permanent representation there. related services industries. level of study in Australia. Other funding Apart from the scholarship program,

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 45 COVER S TORY - MONGOLIA

a n umber of TAFE courses are on offer mining e quipment and services busi- The c ountry is a member of the Anti- by contract, specifically for trades in high nesses assess emerging opportunities in Corruption Initiative of the Asian De- demand such as welders, fitters and turn- Mongolia," said federal trade minister velopment Bank and the OECD and has ers, and mechanics, Lawson said. Craig Emerson in the foreword. its own Independent Authority Against Overall, there are currently nearly 200 "While Mongolia has its challenges as Corruption. Australian companies involved in Mon- a market - such as its climatic extremes Overall, judging by comments I heard golia to varying degrees, with 40 of those - there are several advantages for Austra- during my visit, Australian companies already operating there on the ground. lians operating in Mongolia compared to generally seem to find working with The main opportunities for Australian other frontier markets. Most important Mongolians quite easy. Mongolians are engineering are obviously in mining and among these is that Australia enjoys a seen as smart, keen to learn and quick in infrastructure, Lawson said. In Ulaan- warm relationship with Mongolia." understanding. There was even a sugges- baatar alone the existing road infrastruc- The report also addresses the issue tion that Mongolians have a similar sense ture needs a major overhaul to cope with of corruption saying that there has been of humour to Australians. the rapidly increasing population which at a growing number of complaints from Australia has also been assisting present stands at 1 million. Daily traffic foreign operators and investors. Mongolia in ensuring that the social jams that last from early morning to late "It is not always considered a level benefits from the mining boom for the at night are testimony to this need. playing field for Western listed companies wider population are maximised. Last year Another major area of Australian competing against other foreign investors health consultancy JTA International, to- involvement is agriculture, for instance whose practices and behaviour for secur- gether with the University of Queensland's herd management including fleece, and ing projects does not face the same level Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, meat production, Lawson said. of scrutiny in their home countries," the held a two-week seminar in Brisbane for There are no legal requirements for report said. senior Mongolian government officials foreign companies to have a local equity Mongolia is ranked in 120th place out and representatives of major Mongolian partner but it is important to work closely of 182 listed countries in Transparency coal mining companies. The seminar with local clients and help build local International's Corruption Perception was designed to demonstrate some of the knowledge, he explained. Index for 2011. While it shares this spot world's best responsible mining practices Last year Austrade published a report with Kazakhstan, the other comparable and to develop a plan to improve com- on Mongolian mining projects, which countries in the region Turkmenistan and munity health benefits flowing from the includes sections on relevant legislation Uzbekistan are near the bottom of the mining boom. and opportunities in the sector. list (both at 177). Its neighbours Russia "The report will help new Australian and China are at 143 and 75 respectively.

46 ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

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Mist s uppression for museum

high p ressure water mist suppres- costly m aintenance and clean up from water p articles (50-120um) - essentially sion system has been commissioned false alarms. The museum was keen to a fog that is very effective in quickly in the Northern Territory Museum explore different systems for meeting the extinguishing a fast developing fire. The wet store, where thousands of ani- unique challenges faced with the storage, system has been designed to impact an mal specimens are preserved in ethanol its operation and location. ethanol fire by saturating the air, cooling solution. BCA Engineers was engaged by the the fire and reducing the heat. The wet store located at Bullocky Northern Territory Department of Con- Brown said: "Water mist systems Point, Darwin, contains approximately struction and Infrastructure to design smother the fire from the combustion 75kL of ethanol by volume and presents a and certify the installation of a new fire process rather than conventional sprin- significant fire risk. It is a separate 500m protection system. The agreed construc- klers which have to wet the fire and the building from the museum itself, and was tion value was $1 million. surrounding combustibles." purpose built in 2001 for the storage of BCA Engineers selected a high pressure Chubb Fire won the construction con- small historical animal specimens. The water mist suppression system. tract using the Marioff Hi-Fog water mist specimens are preserved in glass jars in "One of the key selection reasons was suppression system, arranged as two mist a 70% ethanol solution, and stored in the suppression medium (water) required zones. Flame detection is used to activate compactus shelving. The store is restricted no special additives or gases and was the system automatically. and not for public access and is fitted with suitable for town water supply in Dar- BCA Engineers principal fire engi- intrinsically safe electrical fittings. win," BCA Engineers director Nathan neer Koroush Keshavarz said the system The original fire protection system was Brown said. comprises a deluge water mist system based on nitrogen pressurised foam sup- Also, he explained, a high pressure discharging town water throughout the pression which the museum said required water mist system produces very small protected space. High pressure nozzles

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The h igh pressure water mist suppression system has been commissioned in the Northern Territory Museum wet store.

I8 4 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

FIRE P ROTECTION - FEATURE

After a n itrogen pressurised foam suppression system was deemed too costly to maintain, engineers

have i mplemented a mist suppression system at a museum in Darwin, as the lead article reveals. In

other a rticles, a bushfire simulator has tested sustainable building materials, and Engineers Australia's

fSociety o Fire Safety national president Elissa Fazio reports from a conference in Singapore.

and d istribution piping serves the risk area skid p ressurises the system to approxi- generator s upply to avoid overloading at ceiling level. The water supply to the mately 14MPa," Keshavarz explained. in the event of a power failure, which is system is provided from a dedicated 25kL "The electrical demands of the pump re- common in Darwin's wet season." storage tank and booster pump with a full quired a new 400A dedicated supply from The project commenced in late 2009 flow bypass arranged from the museum's the museum's essential supply. The system and was completed last December. Kes- site fire water supply infrastructure. is designed to load shed the museum's air havarz said it is the largest system of its "An eight-stage high-pressure pump conditioning chillers on the emergency type in Australia.

Opening i nternational research to all

he U niversity of Newcastle Priority like A ustralia that are at the cutting edge Newcastle, D lugogorski studies industrial Research Centre for Energy director of fire safety research, however there fire safety. Professor Bogdan Dlugogorski has are many others that we would like to His research team has just completed been elected chair of the Interna- develop;" he explained. a three-year ARC linkage project, funded tional Association for Fire Safety Science. His plans for promoting fire safety together with Dyno Nobel Asia-Pacific, The association has around 600 mem- through the IAFSS include providing on NO, formation in sensitisation of ex- bers worldwide and constitutes a peak free access for students to all the associa- plosives, and in December commenced body for international fire safety research- tion's technical publications and archived a new three-year study period. The new ers. The chair is elected at the association's material. He said the association was also linkage project is looking at the mitiga- triennial symposium and Dlugogorski is looking to provide free access to as much tion of NO, formation in blasting of the first Australian to lead the associa- material as it could for anyone interested ammonium nitrate emulsion explosions, tion, succeeding Hughes Associates US in fire safety. and is again jointly funded by ARC and technical director Dr Craig Beyler. "We have had long discussions, and our Dyno Nobel. In this work, Dlugogorski In an interview with Engineers Aus- association has come to the conclusion collaborates with Professor Eric Kennedy tralia, Dlugogorski said he was looking that the more material we make public of the University of Newcastle, Dr Jeff forward to promoting fire safety research and the more we make freely available, Gore of Dyno Nobel, and a team of five around the world, particularly in countries then the better it is for fire safety around PhD students. where the topic was not so prominent. the world," he said. He explained that ammonium nitrate "There are countries around the world In his own research at the University of explosives are widely used on mining sites, especially on local coal mining sites. "Although the ammonium nitrate emulsions are perfectly safe and only produce trace levels of NO,, the situation could change for ammonium nitrate emulsions mixed with ammonium nitrate prills," he said. "When used together in some situations, for example in wet weather when water enters the borehole and interacts with the explosives, water can dissolve the ammonium nitrate prills. This compromises the fuel to oxygen ratio in the explosive, potentially leading to emissions of NO, during blasting. "We are trying to find technologies {I-r) U niversity of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Energy director Professor Bogdan Dlugogorski, Dr Kai Chen, Sindra Summoogum and Professor Eric Kennedy. and ways of mitigating the formation of Chen and Summoogum are doctorate students who recently won major international blast NO,, and are working with Dyno prizes for their research into fire safety science and engineering. Nobel to develop practical solutions."

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

FEATURE - F IRE PROTECTION

Bushfire s imulator tests

sustainable house design

n e nvironmentally sustainable house with hay bale insulation was tested for its survival in bushfire conditions last month at a testing facility in Mogo, on the NSW south coast. The test was to determine if a purpose- built environmentally sustainable house design approach could provide shelter to its occupants during a severe bushfire burnover. The simulation was conducted using the Burn Over Simulator (BOS) at the NSW Rural Fire Service Eurobod- alla Training Centre, the only facility in Australia that can test full-scale vehicles or structures in a high-intensity bushfire flame front. The b ushfire simulation in Mogo, NSW, can include heat radiation at various levels, full CSIRO said the simulator's ability to flame immersion typical of a major fire front and post-fire exposure of fuel burnout. provide a combination of extreme radiant heat and full flame immersion allows the c ladding and inner wall. survive t he bushfire exposure, CSIRO the research scientists to fully evaluate a The roof system was approximately Industrial Research Services researcher building's performance at a systems level. It 150mm of earth, water-proofed by a rub- Alex Webb said the simulation was also also enables the assessment of the interior ber membrane and supported by Modak looking at whether the magnesium oxide conditions. board on a steel truss framing. A glazed cladding would remain stable and prevent The project involved collaboration door that doubled as a window was made heat penetration to the underlying frame between sustainable architecture com- from thermal break steel frames with 4h and bales, and protect the straw bales from pany By Joost and two CSIRO groups: fire rated glass system from Pilkingtons combusting. Ecosystem Sciences' (CES) bushfire urban called Pyrodur. Webb said the bushfire simulation test design project and Materials Science and During the simulation three radiom- was initiated with a radiation build up Engineering's Industrial Research Services eters, two outside and one inside behind phase starting at 2.5kW/m*, stepping up (IRS). CES has been researching the im- the door, measured radiant heat while to 5kW/m?, 10kW/m?, 20kW/m?, 30kW/ pact of bushfire on various vehicles and 90 thermocouples measured air and sur- m and then 40kW/m* at the 30 minutes building elements and IRS provides a face temperatures. The simulation also mark. After the radiant heat exposure, the range of independent testing, assessment included continuous and point sampling fire was intensified to full flame immersion and consulting services to support the of air toxics, and various cameras were to the face of the building at over 1000°C development of better building products positioned inside and outside the house for a period of 110s, simulating a major and systems. to record smoke and flaming. fire front. The final stage called "post fire With an environmentally sustainable In simulations carried out on a steel exposure" simulated heavy fuel burnout building system created by sustainable house in 2010, the doors and windows around the house. designer Joost Bakker, CSIRO Ecosystem were noted points of weakness. Leonard Webb said the external temperature Sciences researcher Justin Leonard said: said that in this latest simulation the door reached over 1000°C, while temperatures "This is a novel house design and CSIRO and glass were different. recorded inside the house were between tested its ability to resist flame zone con- "The glass reacted very well and ap- 25-50°C. Temperatures in the wall cavity, ditions and looked at the viability of this pears to be a very viable option for use which includes the straw and steel frame, construction method." in bushfire flame zones as opposed to the reached about 100°C. Webb said that The house consisted of a light steel truss two window systems assessed previously," once again the door system appeared to frame which can free span up to 10m. he said. "The door frame is still a point be the key point for thermal entry into The interior and exterior of the building of concern, during the test the frame dis- the building. was clad with magnesium oxide (Modak) torted and combustion products from the Prior to testing, the researchers imag- board. There was a single layer of cladding outer door seals and some smoke entered ined that if the straw bales were exposed on the inside and two layers of cladding on the building. The door seals appeared to to adjacent surfaces exceeding 200°C, then the outside of the building. Positioned so be the most significant source of air toxics; the bales may begin to give off products there were no overlapping joins between preliminary results show the toxicity levels of combustion. the two layers, the Modak board was in the house exceeded tenability limits, "In the test, these surfaces approached corked with a 4h rated polyurethane based but not survivability limits." 100°C," Webb said, noting that for com- sealant. Full straw bales, used as insulation, Aside from looking at whether the se- plete combustion the internal "flashover" were fitted tightly in the frame between lected 4h fire rated glass door system could would occur when the internal tempera-

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tures r eached 600°C, "which would be Bushfire A ttack Level Flame Zone (BAL system i s also appropriate for BAL FZ; way past a tenable environment for the FZ) applications when configured in the it was damaged but remained intact to occupants". correct layer and fixing system. prevent flame and smoke penetration As the simulation was only conducted "The cladding remained intact and into the house. The earth roof provided in late-February, the analysis so far is only protected the steel and straw insulation protection to the layers beneath." preliminary but Webb said that at this beneath - the straw did not ignite or He noted that the door framing and stage the magnesium oxide board clad- smoulder and the steel frame was un- sealing systems require some further ding and lining looked appropriate for damaged," he said. "The selected glazing analysis and modifications.

Small b usiness wins acclaim

for fire safety upgrades

or t he second year running, Holmes minimal p rovisions for property protection property p rotection, while also minimis- Fire was awarded Consult Australia's purposes only. The company undertook ing cost. 2011 Small Firm Award late last year, a detailed hazard assessment process to As Mawland Construction also carried after the company submitted its work identify which buildings would be reoccu- out the complete reconstruction of a num- on a fire engineering project on the North pied and for what use. Relevant fire safety ber of buildings, Mitchell said compliance Head Quarantine Station in Sydney. precautions were then identified to ensure with the current Building Code ofAustralia The work was carried out for Mawland the buildings would achieve an acceptable (BCA) was necessary. However, as rein- Constructions, manager of the historic level of fire safety and property protection. statement to the original 1820s period style Quarantine Station. The site includes 69 Mitchell said the upgrade strategies was required, using construction materials buildings, most of which were constructed resolved fire safety issues generally relating and methods to appear like the original circa 1828. to reduced or non-existent fire rated con- construction, Mitchell said substantial After closing in 1984, and falling into struction and separation, non-compliant deviations from the BCA Deemed-to-Satisfy disrepair by the 90s, the NSW government existing wall and ceiling lining materials, Provisions were encountered. leased the site to Mawland to restore and reduced widths of egress paths, non-com- The company developed a number of manage the site as a sustainable tourism pliant stairway and balustrade dimensions, alternative solutions to enable the design operation. and inadequate or lack of exit signage, criteria to be satisfied while achieving Holmes Fire undertook Building Code emergency lighting, smoke detection, fire modern day levels of fire safety. of Australia (BCA) reviews for all existing aid fire fighting facilities, occupant warning Mitchell said the end result of the fire buildings and provided fire safety upgrade and fire suppression systems. safety upgrade was the preservation and strategies for identified deficiencies. Taking a performance-based design adaptive reuse of a substantial number of The company's director and senior fire approach allowed an appropriate fire historically significant buildings within a engineer Glen Mitchell said the extent safety upgrade while minimising physical relatively fragile environment. of existing fire safety at the time of the damage to the existing buildings, Mitchell company's engagement was limited to said, significantly improving life safety and

In r estoring the historic Quarantine Station at North Head in Sydney, a major fire safety upgrade was also embarked upon to satisfy modern day levels of fire safety.

I2 5 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012 Fire p rotection and safety in tunnels

By E lissa Fazio

ast m onth I attended the Fire Pro- tection and Safety in Tunnels Asia conference in Singapore. There were delegates from all over world and representatives included fire safety engineers, tunnel designers, government authorities, the civil defence force, the Land and Transportation Authority (LTA) of Singapore and even a psychologist. Day one started with a presentation from LTA identifying the key principles needed to optimise a rail network to prevent and effectively react in an emergency situation. Various types of detection such as linear/smoke and heat detectors were As p art of the conference, delegates visited Singapore's newest tunnel control centre. reviewed as well as the ventilation effects in a tunnel during a fire situation. The importance of communication between safety s ystems are used to protect tun- people m ay not always react according to emergency services and tunnel operators nels. Similarities in terms of the thought expectations when they see smoke coming was a theme throughout the two days of process and reporting of fire-engineered from a t unnel. presentations. design solutions to the authorities were The p ost-conference site visit was one Presentations covering heat release also covered. Videos were shown of full- of the highlights. We visited the KPR rates and recommended design fires in scale fire testing. tunnel control centre. From here we were tunnels were hotly debated throughout We also saw how research is being given a presentation on the design and the two days. Day one ended with a performed with surveys and field studies operational aspects of Singapore's newest presentation where sound design prac- of real train users, looking into aspects Ikm tunnel by the operations team. As tices to reduce/manage tunnel fires were like the expected quantity of additional part of the visit we went through the tunnel measured by sustainability, standards, fire loads on a train, such as commuter and sighted the pedestrian crossover and costs and safety of design. baggage - which is sometimes overlooked. egress paths, the vehicle crossover doors Day two covered the differences The day ended with a discussion on the and t he high level jet fans. among countries as to how active fire importance of human behaviour and how

Activities i n the Society of Fire Safety

By E lissa Fazio employed a s "the minimum" benchmark members, t he society is working to en- would provide consistency for fire safety sure high standards among the fire safety s a r esult of a membership survey, engineering practitioners throughout Aus- engineering fraternity are maintained, last year the Society of Fire Safety tralia. This is one of the areas the society especially through regulatory changes established "Portfolio" leaders to will be focusing on in 2012. that occur from time to time. The society assist in providing information to As part of Engineering Week, free provides advice and assistance to govern- industry and our members. These ar- "open house" tours are again planned this ments, authorities and educational facili- eas included: education, communication, year to showcase fire safety engineers, ties, especially in the area of minimum marketing, research, regional activities, leading edge fire safety engineering and qualifications for fire safety engineers. conferences and finance. the importance of thorough design and I look forward to the society continu- Following our conference theme of certification for life safety. ing its growth and in making a difference, 2011, we continue to try and "Raise the In addition, each of our chapters and as we challenge ourselves within the fire bar". One of our biggest challenges is com- state representatives organise information safety engineering profession and the built municating the importance of a national sessions for our members, which provide environment. For more information or to registration system for fire safety engi- a great networking environment. join the Society visit www.sfs.au.com. MM neers. Persons practising in this field need Established to foster excellence in to have registration, where a state level fire safety in Australia, the society draws Elissa F azio is manager of fire registration is a minimum. However, there together individuals who are actively en- engineering at Norman Disney & Young are differences between the state registra- gaged in fire safety. With each state and and national president of Engineers tions. A national registration system being territory represented through its 500+ Australia's Society of Fire Safety.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 53

LIGHTING

Compiledy b Thomas Derricott

Wonder F ull world

for Australian company

n A ustralian-designed lights specta- in t he Southeast Asian region. The f inished product is a three-dimen- cle was honoured with the Best New Last year, Marina Bay owners the Las sional, 360° production which features Tourist Attraction award at the 2012 Vegas Sands Corporation selected La- water screens, the Laservision-designed Association of Southeast Asian servision to design, develop and deploy lasers, searchlights and spot lights, Nations (ASEAN) Awards for Excellence the lights show, which it intended to strobes, flame effects, LED lighting, high- in Tourism. The Wonder Full Light and be a "beacon across the bay" to attract definition video projection and an array Water Spectacular, which was developed audiences to the casino. According to of other special effects. Running for 13 by Australian company Laservision for Laservision, the show features technology minutes per production, the show explores Singapore's Marina Bay Sands casino, won which took the company three years to the nature of human life through original the award at the ASEAN Tourism Forum develop and refine, such as high-powered Singaporean footage, accompanied by a in January. It was selected by the judges multicolour lasers. A team consisting of sound score and lighting effects which for its creativity in design, functional- 100 specialists in architectural, design, span the 20ha casino site. It was recog- ity, harmony with the environment and creative, musical, engineering, techni- nised at the ASEAN Tourism Forum as overall quality experienced by audiences. cal and IT resources were drawn from Southeast Asia's largest lights and water The ASEAN Awards for Excellence Laservision's Hong Kong, Australian and show. It will run seven nights a week, in Tourism give recognition to ASEAN Singaporean offices. Now completed, the with showings running twice a night from organisations that have contributed to the show will be operated and maintained by Thursdays to Sundays and three times a development and promotion of tourism Laservision's Singapore office. night on Fridays and Saturdays.

ll L an

The W onder Full Light and Water Spectacular was envisaged as a "beacon across the bay" for Singapore's Marina Bay Sands casino.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

LIGHTING - F EATURE

The l ead story covers a multimedia lighting spectacular in Singapore. Other stories detail an upcoming lighting conference, a new mobile illumination unit, and a debate for and against the phasing o ut of old lighting.

Showcasing l ighting designs

he S PARC Design 2012 event is scheduled to be held on 31 May-2 June at the Museum of Contempo- rary Art in Sydney. SPARC Design is run as a presentation of interactive displays, images, accompanying texts and other artefacts in a gallery-style format which is designed to cater to both lighting professionals and the general public. The first and second days of the event will feature a ticketed function for professionals working in the lighting industry - namely engineers, architects, interior designers, lighting designers, builders, facility managers, electrical contractors and lighting suppliers. Theatre-style presentations will showcase recently developed lighting designs and technologies to the guests. The third day of the event - a Saturday SPARC D esign 2012 is expected to contribute the "lights" and "ideas" components of Vivid Sydney, pictured here at the 2011 event. Proto: Davin Care - will be open to the public and has been described by the event organisers as "a day of fun with some education'. the S ydney Opera House and other loca- the " light" and "ideas" elements of Vivid. SPARC Design will be held in conjunc- tions in inner Sydney. The event organis- For information on Vivid Sydney and tion with Vivid Sydney, a festival of light, ers said SPARC Design will be working SPARC Design as it becomes available, music and ideas around Darling Harbour, closely with Vivid Sydney to contribute to visit vividsydney.com

NEW P RODUCT

Mobile i llumination unit

owerful e nough to provide safe work- cable d rum allows safe extension and re- ing illumination for an area the size traction of the power cable. The units are of a tennis court, the Allmand Maxi built in the US but incorporate switches and Lite SV has a combined light output circuit breakers that comply with Australian of more than 600,000 Lumens. regulations a nd standards. The Maxi-Lite 8V has a telescoping light The u nit features a heavy duty A-frame tower with four 1250W metal halide lamps drawbar and 15-inch wheels on a single on an adjustable head. axle with leaf-spring suspension. There are The six-section, hydraulically actuated also hydraulic over-ride brakes and a hand automatic lift mechanism elevates the lamp operated parking brake. The design and head to almost $m above the ground. The construction allow the unit to be towed on lamp head allows accurate positioning of the o ften unsurfaced roads. the lights before extending the tower. The Poweredy b a Caterpillar Model C1-1 tower can be raised to its full height in 25s. diesel motor driving a 7.5kW generator, While the sectional tower is a typical design, the fuel-efficient engine can run for up to the Maxi-Lite incorporates nylon guide 100 hours. The housing of the Maxi-Lite The A llmand Maxi-Lite 8V has a sleeves which help stabilise the tower when is insulated and the unit silenced to 64dB. telescoping light tower with four extended, enabling the unit to withstand WWW.capsaust.com.au 1250W metal halide lamps on an wind gusts of up to 100k/h. An integrated adjustable head.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 55 I

FEATURE - L IGHTING

Old l ights to be phased out ...

by B ryan Douglas

any d own lights and track lights eED L MR16 lamps are also available in our homes and retail outlets but many are unlikely to achieve the incorporate tungsten halogen lighting performance of the 50W MR16 multifaceted reflector lamps. dichroic lamp. Dimming can also be From 14 April 2012, the commonly used problematic due to the transformer and 50W-12V tungsten halogen reflector any dimmer used in the original instal- lamps will be phased out. lation. At this time, dimming capability Minimum Energy Performance Stan- of retrofit LED MR16 lamps is largely dards (MEPS) will require the average unknown and safety and performance measured wattage for extra low voltage cannot be guaranteed. Use only reputa- 12V tungsten halogen multifaceted MR16 ble manufacturer brand products. Site dichroic reflector lamps to be no more test to check light output and colour are than 37W. suitable for the application, and check This will further improve the energy life and dimmer compatibility claims. efficiency of residential and commercial New luminaires spaces. And it doesn't mean compromised & Luminaires utilising a GU1O base 240V lighting quality, because the same light tungsten halogen reflector lamp are Bryan D ouglas output is possible using lower wattage presently a viable option. However, lamps with improved technologies. because they are an inefficient technol- The MR16 tungsten halogen lamp was tives f or lighting in both the private and ogy they are likely to be phased out. originally developed as a precision reflec- professional spheres. This could be as early as 2016. tor lamp for slide projectors. Its use rapidly Lower wattage-replacement lamps e Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) expanded to display lighting in museums, & 35W MR16 tungsten halogen lamps and luminaires tend to be cheaper than galleries and retail spaces, and then to the LED luminaires with comparable light a higher light output version which uses residential market. output. However, due to wide beam an infrared coating (IRC technology). They are popular due to their compact angles and slow starting limitations, 35W IRC lamp alternatives can offer size, directional beam, varied intensities, they are not considered an aesthetically comparable or even greater light output control and design potential. However, pleasing solution for most applications. they can reach high temperatures and than low-end 50W versions. +_ LED luminaires. The mostlikely option are expensive to run and replace. for both new and replacement ap- Some are of poor quality, have plications is purpose-designed a short life and don't solid state lighting, or light the space well. LED luminaires. This A common mis- is due to LEDs' inher- conception is the 50W ent energy efficiency, lamp, being known as \% long life and instant "low voltage", is also low starting. A wide vari- energy. In fact it is not. ation in luminaire styles It consumes 50W plus the and performance claims transformer losses, which are already available at a are often overlooked because higher cost than other tech- transformers are hidden from nologies. Qualifiers need to be view in the ceiling or wall. Also applied to this new technology. multiple lamps are used to illumi- Look for Lighting Council Aus- nate a space. tralia's Solid State Quality Scheme Through MEPS, Australia is label to ensure that claims being made phasing out the least energy efficient about the product in critical areas such appliances and products. MEPS re- as light output are correct. Alternatively, quirements are set out in Australian purchase known, reputable brands. standards. They are being used to ad- LED performance will continue to dress the energy efficiency and quality advance quickly and LEDs represent aspects of various lamp types. an excellent potential alternative, es- For more information, see ener- pecially as the technology matures. gyrating.gov.au/products-themes/ lighting/ A t ypical SOW MR16 tungsten halogen, Bryan D ouglas is the CEO of Lighting Following i s a list of viable alterna- which will be phased out from April. Council Australia.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

LIGHTING - F EATURE

... b ut thanks for the memories by P aul Beale

ear D ichroic, became t he darling of the architectural I am saddened at the news of lighting world. your impending demise. You have We had some fun together, didn't we? been part of my life for such a long I'll never forget how you grazed light down time it's almost unimaginable to think of the walls of Bistro Guillaume in such a a future without you. But maybe the time's delightful way. Nor the revelation of the right, because for a while, I'm afraid, things depth of colour in the timber walls at haven't been the same between us. It's Perth Theatre. You can rest assured that always hard when you realise that a love your LED and fluorescent successors won't affair is over. be able to match the beauty we created in But we have had some good times along these spaces. the way. Before you came along, all we had Nothing good lasts forever, I understand were warm and fuzzy lamps and fixtures that, and to be honest the cracks started to that cast their light everywhere - where appear some time ago. Your popularity be- you wanted it and where you didn't. Our came your downfall. While the "Big Three" shops were lit with fluoros, and it was all (Osram, Philips and GE) were manufactur- A a bit safe and a bit boring. Then you came ing good quality dichroics, a whole host of into our lives and you changed everything. other, less conscientious manufacturers got Paul B eale There you were, with your precision beams in on the act and the market (and most of various angles, a wide range of watt- supermarkets) became awash with your lamp, a nd produce cold, flat and unnatural ages and all in the sexiest little package. poor quality cousins. I'm sure I'm not the light which can't be easily dimmed. But they I remember marvelling at the precision only one to have felt let down by striated last longer and produce more light per Watt, little facets that combined to produce your beams and unacceptable efficacy. so that's alright. And we also have LED. wonderfully precise beam. I hadn't seen When the developers saw you as a cheap At $60 for a decent replacement for a $5 way of providing "architectural" lighting in anything quite like it before and I must 50W dichroic they can seem expensive. In admit I was enchanted. Overnight, you their McMansions, the writing was on the fact, considering they have inferior colour wall. In the suburbs rendering and a whirring on-board electric people were buying fan to keep them cool, I would go as far as houses with dozens saying they are expensive. Despite claims upon dozens of $12 of 50,000 hour life, you won't see many downlights com- warranties beyond three years. But there plete with cheaply you go, them's the breaks. made 50W dichro- So please rest peacefully in the chande- ic lamps. Not only lier in the sky. You won't be lonely there. were the resulting Our old friend the GLS has been there lit environments a a while now and you'll soon be joined crime against aes- thetics and func- by PAR 38, PAR 30, R40 and any other tionality, the owners lamps that are mass produced with low were faced with ex- profit margins for the manufacturers. If orbitant electricity form is anything to go by, this will happen bills. Something had before you know it; in Australia we are to change and you truly world leaders in banning this kind were the fall guy. of stuff. Don't expect to see a "light bulb Don't worry socialism" movement like in the US where about us, the ones public pressure has led to a postponement you've left behind. of the phase-out of the GLS lamp. We have some great Thanks for the memories. alternatives. We have our cute little Paul B eale is the leader of Electrolight, CFLs. Yes, I know a lighting design consultancy based in

they are expensive, Melbourne. www.electrolight.com.au Paul B eale will never forget how dichroic revealed "the depth of have a w orrying ncolour i the timber walls at Perth Theatre", pictured here. Proto: Rosert Frith 5mg of mercury per

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 Fl S USTAINABILITY

Priorities m aybe

too complicated

A b usinessman would not consider a firm to have solved its problems ofproduction and to have achieved viability if he saw that it was rapidly consuming its capital. How, then, could we overlook this vital fact when it comes to that very big firm, the economy of Spaceship Earth and, in particular, the economies of its rich passengers? E F S chumacher, Small is Beautiful, 1973

frosion o natural capital has continued poverty e radication and sustainable over the past 50 years, despite the development heightened awareness of environ- + institutional framework for sustainable mental impact of industrialisation development. and population growth. Theres been a But, with much of the industrialised Terence J eyaretnam multitude of international conventions, world still under the dark clouds of the Directorf o Net Balance ([email protected]), giving birth to a large number of new global financial crisis, and large develop- based in Melbourne. institutions and protocols on sustainable ing economies of India and China yet to development. They have proved just one find their leadership feet on global agen- thing - that there's no silver bullet for the das such as the environment, it may be environmental predicament. up to the host country Brazil to do some The s ole victory on the The next event in the line of an ever- of the heavy-lifting. Australia, with its increasing number of international get- strong economy, is well-poised to take road to sustainability togethers is scheduled for 20-22 June, some leadership, but there doesn't seem so far was the Montreal titled the Earth summit 2012, or Rio + to be any discussion around its position 20 to signify the 20 years since the 1992 at the summit. Protocol on Ozone, Rio summit, which resulted in Agenda So, how likely is all this talk to yield which came into 21, Blueprint for a Sustainable Planet. some meaningful outcomes? The sole vic- The key objectives for the upcoming tory on the road to sustainability so far was force in 1989 and summit are: the Montreal Protocol on Ozone, which e securing political commitment to came into force in 1989 and resulted in real resulted in real and sustainable development and measurable progress - consumption measurable progress. +- assessing progress towards internation- of ozone depleting substances has been ally agreed commitments reduced in the past 20 years. Our Earth + new and emerging challenges. needs many more such victories. Maybe The themes of the summit are: we have over-complicated our priorities. +e green economy in the context of

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA

@ ENGINEERS TECHNICAL J OURNALS A USTRALIA

PAPERS I NVITED

Engineers A ustralia invites papers from authors for its learned Technical Journals (formerly called Transactions). The Journals are:

M A ustralasian Journal of Engineering Education M Australian Journal of Multi-disciplinary Engineering M A ustralian Journal of Civil Engineering M Australian Journal of Structural Engineering M Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering M Australian Journal of Water Resources M A ustralian Journal of Mechanical Engineering M Transport Engineering in Australia.

For a uthors to submit a paper, all they need to do is register themselves on Engineers Australia's online submission and tracking system at . The system will then walk them through the necessary steps to complete their submission. Papers ecan b submitted in any electronic format, as automatically converts them into a PDF for easy viewing by editors and reviewers.

8I 5 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

LEADERSHIP! I

Daringo t be different

rey, b lack and drab are the new is h eaded in the right direction. But in corporate colours. Well, they were times of rapid change the right direction always there, but now they are get- changes so very, very fast. ting drabber. I was recently talking In a world where governments, busi- to an executive recruiter who was wearing ness and whole industries fall overnight, a dark suit with blue pin stripes. which way is the right way? When we are "My suit is too out there for business in fear we will usually keep doing what these days," he said adding that "corporate we have always done. dress is getting more sombre". However, in a rapidly changing world How sad. As people get more and more this is exactly what we shouldn't do. We scared they become more and more con- need diversity of ideas, skills, insights and servative. This is echoed in their apparel, capacity so that we as corporate, govern- their behaviour and their decision making. ment and community groups can adapt I was discussing with the same recruiter with ease and speed. Margot C airnes the possibility of boards employing CEOs It takes all sorts of plants of all sorts of Leadership strategist who could skilfully navigate rapid dis- colours to make up an ecosystem. Resil- [email protected] continuous change. Such CEOs are out ient and change hardy organisations need Visit her blog: of the box thinkers, who feel comfort- diversity, not sameness. We need people www.margotcairnes.wordpress.com able being uncomfortable. What became who are prepared to think outside the clear is CEOs who don't rock the boat are box, speak up and look different. preferable to most boards. If we are all in indistinguishable black/ What a w onderful As uncertainty goes up, so does fear. grey outfits muttering the same platitudes, As fear levels rise, so does our tendency we are lining ourselves up for disaster sight it would be to to go into freeze (do nothing, make no when the next big disruption to our indus- walk into an office decisions), fight (become aggressive) and try, business or the world economy hits. flight (just go through the motions). What a wonderful sight it would be to and see people dressed When the whole business community is walk into an office and see people dressed in brightly coloured in fear, nobody feels safe. When we don't in brightly coloured clothes, having robust feel safe, our brains have little access to debates - feeling safe to be themselves and clothes, having robust logical thought and relationship capacity. display their individual difference through So we go to ground. word, action and the way they dress. debates - feeling safe We try to become invisible - to look What might we learn from each other? to be themselves. like, behave like and talk like everybody How might we grow as individuals, com- else. That's fine as long as everybody else munities and organisations?

@P@@MDW@ £ -NGINEERS AUS TRA LIA. FEATURE GENERAL E DITION ADVERTISE YOUR PRODUCTS APRIL 2012 ISSUE MAY 2 012 ISSUE AND SERVICES IN ENGINEERS ® Corrosion Control ® National Broadband AUSTRALIA MAGAZINE © Engineering Software Network CONTACT Y OUR STATE REPRESENTATIVE InfrastructureExecutive E ngineer Australia MiningElectrical 2012/2 N ews Sydney: Denise Grant [email protected] 0phone2 9438 1533 Published9 1 April Published7 1 May Brisbane:Melbourne: MareeCameron Fraser Aubrey [email protected]@bigpond.com 0703 55949701 5455 8844 Adelaide:Perth: KymRussell Burke Baker [email protected]@okm.com.au 0808 82679382 48501198

OBITUARIES

Sir A rchie Glenn 1911-2012

ngineer a nd industrialist Sir Archiba- 1966e h was made a Knight of the Realm. 1d Glenn died in January, aged 100. Glenn then became a director of West- Born on 24 May 1911 in Sale, pac Bank, a position he held for 17 years. Gippsland in Victoria, he grew up Throughout his career, he played an im- on a dairy farm and studied at Scotch portant role in engineering education, as College, where he excelled at mathematics. a donor to the Melbourne School of Engi- At the end of 1929 he was awarded neering, and cofounder of the Melbourne a senior scholarship and a mathemat- University Engineering Foundation. ics prize. At the time Sir John Monash He was also involved in the establish- asked him what career he had decided ment of Monash University, as a member on. Glenn replied that he didn't know, to of the Interim Council. He was the first which Monash said: "Well, what are you chancellor of La Trobe University and waiting for? Mathematics is the language played an instrumental role in that uni- of an engineer." versity's establishment. Glenn was sold on the idea. He Glenn is survived by his wife Sue, his promptly began studying engineering son Gordon, and daughters Elizabeth and at the University of Melbourne in 1930. Fleur. He was predeceased by his daughter, A resident of Ormond College, Glenn Di Gribble. shared accommodation with Weary Sir A rchie Glenn was managing director Dunlop, and author and film producer of ICI (now Orica) and director of Westpac sThis i an edited version of an Graham McInnes. Bank. article which first appeared on the After finishing his degree in 1933, University of Melbourne's Melbourne Glenn embarked on an illustrious career School of Engineering website as one of Australian engineering's lead- technical d irector to eventually become (themelbourneengineer.eng.unimelb. ing figures. ICI's managing director. edu.au). It appears here with permission. He rose from a humble job in the He went on to study at Harvard, fur- drawing office of Imperial Chemical thering his managerial skills. Industries Australia (now Orica), to In 1965 he was appointed an Officer maintenance engineer, chief engineer and of the Order of the British Empire and in

Alan E dward Swann 1928-2012

ivil e ngineer Alan Edward Swann of c ommercial and industrial construction UK, S wann began his career as an articled had a career in construction in the including dams, reservoirs, bridges, major pupil with the Borough Engineers and UK and Australia, before becoming earthworks, resources development and Surveyors Department, Tamworth, UK. a contractual consultant, arbitrator multidisciplinary projects. He worked around Britain in engineer- and mediator. He died on 12 February. As a qualified Grade 1 Commercial ing roles before moving to Perth in 1968 He served as Chairman of the WA Arbitrator and accredited and registered as contracts administration and project Chapter and a National Councillor of Mediator/Conciliator with the Supreme engineer at Halpern Glick and Lewis. the Institute of Arbitrators and Media- Court of WA, he conducted and completed Between 1970 and 1978 he worked tors Australia; as a member of the Joint more than 65 arbitrations, numerous on construction projects around WA. In Committee WA Dispute Resolution Ser- mediations, court referrals (completed 1978-1979 he was project engineer for the vice; and as a committee member of the and accepted by Supreme Court in judge- Concentrator Beneficiation Plant Project Business Panel - Forensic Engineering ment), and numerous expert appraisals. for Hamersley Iron. He was contracts and Society, Engineering Contracts & Disputes He was a regular speaker and pre- administration engineer for the Ranger Resolution. senter at seminars and training courses Uranium Project in 1979-1980. From In 2006, Swann was included in the in contracts and administration, and led 1980 to 1987 he was senior contracts Institute of Arbitrators and Mediators, tutorials and workshops in arbitration and engineer, project manager and superin- Australia (WA Chapter) Roll of Honour mediation university courses. tendent for BHP. for his outstanding contributions and His publications include Construction In 1987 he became director and princi- commitment. Contracts - Management, Co-operation, pal consultant at Questamon Contractual His experience with local, national and Equity and Trust (1994); Dispute Reso- Consultants. He stepped down from this international authorities, contractors and lution (1996); Contract Documentation role in 1994 but still offered services principals included his own construction (1999). He co-authored with Bruce Peak as consultant, arbitrator, mediator and business and consultancy. seven volumes of Action Flow Charts for conciliator. He was involved in projects from hous- Standard Conditions of Contract. ing and subdivisions through a full range Born in Lichfield, Staffordshire in the

I0 6 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA | MARCH 2012

DIAE q

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA CONFERENCES The E lectrical Engineering Conference EECON The A ustralian Biomedical Engineering National C ommittee on Water Engineering and Vic 2012 will be held on 29-30 Mar in Ballarat. conference ABEC2012 will be held on 16-19 Sep sponsored by the Environmental & Water Resources Inquiries: www.tmm.com.au. in Brisbane. Inquiries: abec2012.iamevents.com. Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers, The Systems Engineering, Test and Evaluation au. will be held on 25-27 Sep in Adelaide. Inquiries: Conference 2012 will be held on 30 Apr-2 May The Mining Electrical and Mining Mechanical www.wdsa2012.com/cfp.html. in Brisbane. Inquiries: seteapcose2012@sapmea. Engineering Society (MEMMES) Convention will The Down to Earth Conference 2012 will be held asn.au. be held on 21-22 Sep at the Crown Plaza Hunter on 10-11 Oct at the Crown Plaza in the Hunter The conference on Practical Responses to Valley. Inquiries: Peter Whipp at peter.whipp@ Valley. It is organised by Engineers Australia in Climate Change 2012 will be held on 1-3 May in bigpond.com. conjunction with the IEEE and the Electric Energy Canberra. Inquiries: www.climatechange2012.org. The Risk Engineering Society Conference (RISK Society of Australia. Inquiries: Jo Papanicolaou at The 2012 Engineering Leadership Conference 2012), organised by Engineers Australia's Risk [email protected]. will be held on 30 May-2 Jun in Adelaide. Engineering Society, will be held on 21-22 Sep at The Australian Control Conference AUCC2O012, Inquiries: www.elc2012.org. the Crown Plaza Hunter Valley. Inquiries: www. organised by Engineers Australia's National The Asset Management Council's ICOMS Asset engineersaustralia.org.au/risk. Committee for Automation, Control and Management Conference will be held on 4-8 Jun The 28th Congress of the International Council Instrumentation (NCACI) and technically sponsored in Hobart. Inquiries: www.amcouncil.com.au. of the Aeronautical Sciences will be hosted by by the IEEE Control Systems Society, will be held The Australasian Structural Engineering the Australian Division of the Royal Aeronautical on 15-16 Nov in Sydney. Inquiries: www.aucc.org. Conference (ASEC2012) will be held on 11-13 Jul Society, in cooperation with Engineers Australia, on au/sydney. in Perth. Inquiries: www.asec2012.com. 23-28 Sep in Brisbane. Inquiries: www.icas.org. The 34th Hydrology and Water Resources The 71th Australia New Zealand Conference Chemeca 2012, organised by the Chemical Symposium will be held on 19-22 Nov in Sydney. on Geomechanics will be held on 15-18 Jul in College, IChemE in Australia and New Zealand, and Inquiries: www. Melbourne. Inquiries: www.anz2012.com.au. RACI will be held on 23-26 Sep in Wellington, NZ. For more details on these conferences visit www. CORE2012, the Conference on Railway Inquiries: www.chemeca2012.com. engineersaustralia.org.au/events/conferences. Engineering, will be held on 10-12 Sep in Brisbane. The 14th Water Distribution Systems Analysis Inquiries: www.core2012.com. Conference, convened by Engineers Australia's

NOMINATIONS I NVITED Other l istings

Engineering E xcellence Awards Sydney Division is inviting nominations for its 2012 Engineering Excellence A s eminar on Precast for Engineering Graduates and Students will be held Awards. For information on the awards categories and how to enter, visit bit.ly/ on 15 Mar in Hobart, 22 Mar in Adelaide and 29 Mar in Melbourne. The seminar is ycH1yp. The deadline for entries is 30 Mar. supported by Engineers Australia. Inquiries: www.nationalprecast.com.au. Chemical e ngineering The International Women in Engineering & Technology Conference 2012 The Australian and New Zealand Federation of Chemical Engineers is calling for (WiSET2012) will be held on 14-16 Jun in Kuala Lumpur. Inquiries: bit.ly/z2qBLu. nominations for the 2012 Chemical Awards of Excellence. Nominations close The 2012 Regional Conference of the International Network of Women 20 Apr. For information on the awards and the 2011 winners visit bit.ly/zpIOMf. Engineers and Scientists (INWES) will be held on 12-13 Oct in New Delhi. For nominations visit bit. ly/Awetlg. Inquiries: www.inwes.org/ Structural e ngineering Nominations are open for the Structural College's John Connell Gold Medal. Engineering E ducation Australia Nominations close on 20 Apr. For information on the award visit www. engineersaustralia.org.au/structural-college/awards. EAAs i running a two-year Graduate Program in Engineering. Inquiries: www.eeaust.com.au/graduateprogram. Personal a wards Registrations are also open for its Construction Management Series. Sydney Division is calling for nominations for its 2012 Personal Awards Program. Inquiries: www.eeaust.com.au/construction-management-series. The following awards are on offer: Professional Engineer of the Year, Entre- Engineering Education Australia, Engineers Australia's subsidiary company preneur of the Year, Engineering Technologist of the Year, Engineering organising professional development courses, seminars and other events, Officer of the Year and Young Professional Engineer of the Year. is offering a range of new courses in 2012. For a full list of its offerings go to For f urther information and to nominate someone, visit www.engineersaustralia. www.eeaust.com.au. All courses are eligible for CPD points. org. a u/engineering-excellence-awards-sydney-division.

Calls f or Abstracts

Abstracts a re being invited for the 34th Hydrology and Water Resources Papers a re being invited for the Australian Control Conference AUCC2012 Symposium on 19-22 Nov in Sydney. The deadline is 19 Mar. Inquiries: www. on 15-16 Nov in Sydney. The deadline is 23 Apr. Inquiries: www.aucc.org.au/ hwrs2012.org.au. sydney. Abstracts are being invited for the Australian Biomedical Engineering Papers are being invited for the Risk Engineering Society Conference (RISK Conference (ABEC2012) on 17-19 Sep in Brisbane. The deadline is 30 Mar. 2012) on 21-22 Sep at the Crown Plaza Hunter Valley. For information on the Inquiries: www.abec2012.famevents.com.au Society, go to www.engineersaustralia.org.au/risk.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 61 I NEW P RODUCTS

Products & P rocesses

yCompiled b Kirill Reztsov

Analogue m odule

urck h as announced the release The p ivot system is available of its new 4A14AO-VI analogue in different sizes. I/O module, which is compatible with two of the company's BL distributed I/O products: BL67 and BL Compact system. Featuring four analogue inputs for y current or voltage and four analogue outputs for voltage, the module provides both control and feedback in one package. The 4A1M4AO-VI merges control and feedback functions into a single I/O card. For enhanced application compatibility, the is constructed to withstand diverse environmental challenges. It can operate in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 70°C. It is rated to IP67 and UL listed. www.turck.com.au

Replacing w orn pivots

eech A ustralia is distributing the the t ension washers press the slotted Expander System for replacing sleeves up the tapered ends of the pin pivots in Australia. The Expander axle and the sleeve expands to conform System eliminates the need to weld to the existing wear pattern. and line bore worn pivots. The system is available in different Using the Expander System, the new sizes and for a wider range of machin- pivot is installed directly into the worn ery types. hole. When the fasteners are tightened, www. keech.com.au

Valves f or actuator applications

otork A ustralia's Fluid System divi- The u nits are equipped with mount- sion has introduced the Bifold Group ing/spacer block which is free to rotate range of direct mount solenoid through 360°. This feature avoids the so- valves, m anifold and accessories for lenoid housing from coming into contact general valve actuator applications. These with the switch box and ensures the filter valves are available in 3/2 or 5/2, 5/3 port regulator remains upright at all times. configurations. The units are manufactured from 316L Compact in its design, the solenoid stainless steel with an operating tempera- valve features a Namur mounting pattern ture range of -60°C to 180°C. FP solenoid according to VDI/VDE 3845, designed valve assemblies have SIL 3 third party to mount to any Namur valve actuator, certification to IEC 61508. reducing actuator response times, space This range of products also includes Featuring f our analogue inputs requirements and also negating the need the manifold option which incorporates for current or voltage and four for a back plate. the Namur interface kit based on the analogue outputs for voltage, the All mounting screws and seals are Axis system. module provides both control and included with the valve. www.rotork.com feedback in one package.

62 ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

NEW P RODUCTS

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O U ea a r U » fifa) J ; C ® o & n &

1) E L

These a re switches especially designed for use in the field-level networks of power supply companies, but they can also be used in any situation where uninterrupted communication is required.

Ethernet s witches provide uninterrupted communication

elden h as extended its Hirschmann These r obust fanless switches have Redundancy P rotocol) and HSR (High-

product range to include Ethernet eleven ports, three of which can be used availability Seamless Redundancy).

switches from its new RSP family, for SFP transceivers. They support Fast These switches have high vibration

which offer redundancy with zero (100 BASE-FX) or optionally Gigabit resistance and extensive resilience to mag- switchover time. Ethernet (100/1000 BASE-FX). The re- netic fields and electrostatic discharges.

They are especially designed for use in maining eight ports can be used either Mounted on DIN rails, the switches the field-level networks of power supply for 100 BASE-TX or as a combination of can easily be activated by plug-and-play companies, but they also can be used in four SFP transceivers and four TX ports. and feature sturdy, compact stainless steel any situation where uninterrupted com- In addition to the standard configura- housings measuring 100mm in width, munication is required, for instance for tion, Hirschmann also offers a version 164mm in height and 116mm in depth. mechanical engineering projects or drives that supports synchronisation compliant www.beldensolutions.com for production facilities. with IEEE 1588v2, plus PRP (Parallel

Oil-free c ompressor

ompAir, p art of Gardner Denver

Group, has announced the expan-

sion of the Quantima range of oil-

free centrifugal compressors with the introduction of the Q-70L model suitable for lower pressure applications.

With a minimum working pressure of

300kPa, the Quantima's motor and direct drive compression assembly uses magnetic bearings to provide stable control of the rotor shaft.

The Q-drive motor incorporates an asynchronous induction design.

It can achieve noise levels as low as

69dB(A). The motor rating is 300kW and free air delivery is 70.9m'/min. The Q -70L oil-free compressor

www.compair.com.au is suitable for lower pressure

applications.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 63 I

|EW N PRODUCTS

The E 12 unit is designed to manage excess site water through evaporation.

Dust s uppression and evaporation equipment

utomated d ust suppression and cover a l arge area without soaking the (withr o without a generator). The units water evaporation equipment from working environment. can move sideways and upwards with its Techno Alpin is being distributed Both the V7 and the V12 have nozzle preset working programme and hydraulic in Australia by Pro Air Solutions. head technology delivering from 24L/min systems creating a curtain of water mist, The V series has been purposely de- up to 95L/min. The V series equipment which can be thrown up to 55m-60m ahead veloped for dust suppression and the E12 can be remotely controlled from a control and with full 360° movement. equipment for managing excess site water. room, wheel loader or excavator cab. The E12 unit is designed to manage ex- The V series tailor-made hydrojet can- The V Series is designed to be used in cess site water through onsite evaporation. non radically lowers the amount of dust a variety of applications including as a sta- Its 24 nozzles can deliver up to 900L/min. in the air by creating a fine mist that can tionary dust reduction system or on a trailer www.proairsolutions.com.au

Power d istribution for data centres

aton C orporation has launched a new features f rom Switched and Advanced Temperature m onitoring can be used to set of enclosure power distribution Monitored for total control. identify hot spots and reduce cooling costs. units ePDUs, designed to provide in- Eaton ePDUs allow users to track and Each model also features a new LCD telligent power distribution for a data monitor power right down to the server display that provides local readings for centre and control the total cost of own- level including volt, ampere, watt and phase balancing and loading. The display ership. The new set consists of enhanced kilowatt-hour measurements. allows for multiple lines of text to view Managed ePDUs and an entirely new range They also allow switching and sequenc- outlet information and configuration of Switched and Advanced Monitored ing of outlets and outlet groups. The outlet through the menu interface. ePDUs. number identifications are colour coded to All Eaton ePDUs are fully integrated The Advanced Monitored ePDUs in- match the outlet section to the appropriate into Eaton's Intelligent Power Manager clude features such as kilowatt-hour moni- circuit breaker. monitoring software. toring, and the Switched ePDU enables An optional environmental monitoring www.eaton.com/epdu remote shut-off and restart of data centre probe is available to track temperature, hu- equipment. Managed ePDUs combine the midity and contact closure at the rack level.

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012

NEW P RODUCTS

Faster p roduction of metal components Amplifier

c omponents

wift M etal Services has expanded incorporates a s ervo-feeder and straight- its range of high-speed stamp- ner/decoiler and is capable of 500mm ichardson R FPD is making available ing machinery to facilitate faster per second material feed. the Xinger-III line of components production runs of small metal It can be used to press and form gal- from Anaren. The Xinger-III line of components. vanised, stainless steel and copper parts. Doherty combiners is the latest ad- With metal stamping run speeds of www.swiftmetal.com.au ditions to Xinger-brand of subminiature oup t 100 parts per minute, the press components for wireless infrastructure applications. The units are designed for Doherty amplifier applications, where tightly controlled phase and amplitude imbalance as well as low insertion loss are required for maximum and low power condition. They can be used in high power applications up to 200W. www.richardsonrfpd.com

A s tamped stainless steel gripper is an example of parts produced in Swift Metal

Services main production facility based in Griffith, NSW.

Xinger]]] Tube b ending machine

The X inger-III range of subminiature components is intended for wireless infrastructure applications.

Modelling p ower systems

athWorks h as announced a new version of SimPowerSystems The m achine can bend tubes with that offers a stronger connection diameters from 8mm to 40mm. to Simscape and other physical modelling products in the Simulink family. SimPowerSystems 5.5 offers engineers the NC 4 0 Rotary from Schwarze-Robitec the b ending head to move independently ability to share models of electrical power is a CNC-controlled machine for cold of the tool. systems with all other Simscape users. bending tube systems to the left and The new tube bending machine, which The new version also allows users to cre- to the right. It processes tubes with works with up to 13 CNC axes, is also ate custom physical modelling components diameters from 8mm to 40mm. The use equipped with an intuitive control system using the Simscape language. of the loosely mounted bend former allows www.schwarze-robitec.com www. mathworks.com.au

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 65

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Australian e nergy company Santos has a number of

exciting engineering opportunities in our headquarters

in Adelaide - a vibrant community that offers a high Do you have standard of living without the costs of most capital cities.

The Mediterranean climate, beach lifestyle, quality schools,

contemporary arts, sporting culture, cosmopolitan cafes

and restaurants, plus world-class wineries just an hour the energy? away, make Adelaide the perfect place to live. The Cooper

Basin is a 90-minute flight north of Adelaide, providing

opportunities for regular field travel. Furthermore, Santos

offers excellent career prospects as well as a high quality

work e nvironment.

We a re experiencing significant growth in the Eastern

Australia business unit, including the Cooper Basin region in

central Australia, resulting in increased staffing requirements

in t he following roles:

Senior p lant integrity engineer

Senior corrosion integrity engineer

Senior pipeline integrity engineer

Pipeline integrity programs manager

Lead p rocess safety engineer

Senior r eliability engineer

Machinery reliability engineer

Reliability engineer

For more information about these and other exciting jobs

at Santos, go to www.santos.com and click the People

& Careers/Career Opportunities tabs. Enquiries may be

directed to [email protected].

n ea n nn

We have the energy. ACQUISITIONS C OURSES

EXPRESSION O F INTEREST to a cquire Contract M anagement Training CONSULTING E NGINEERING FIRMS Courses

Practical c ourses presented by experienced industry A l eading engineering and management practitioners that can answer your questions practice with offices across the eastern seaboard of Australia is looking to expand its Courses p rovide CPD points consistent with operations nationally. The practice is a multi- Engineers Australia guidelines disciplinary organisation offering services in civil, structural, environmental, traffic, project Brisbane7 2 - 30 March management, infrastructure, mining and others. Primer for Contract Superintendents & their Representatives

We a re seeking expressions of interest Preparing Winning Quotes, Tenders & Proposals from small to medium enterprises (up to 30 staff approx.) offering services in similar Administration of Services Contracts disciplines or complementary disciplines to aid in our national expansion. Firms located Perth 22 - 25 May in Sydney or other capitals would be of Tender Administration interest. We have a successful track record of acquisition over the past decade. Contract Management for Superintendents Please f orward expressions of interest to: Sydney 29 May - 1 June Attn: M anaging Director PO Box 112, Fortitude Valley QLD 4006 Tender Administration

Contract Management for Superintendents Melbourne 19 - 22 June SERVICES Primer for Contract Superintendents & their Representatives

Administration of Services Contracts KramerCAD CONTRACT C ONTROL INTERNATIONAL & Drafting S ervices

AutoCAD, Discounts a pply to Engineers Australia members A utoCAD Mechanical and Inventor E: t [email protected] Have contract - will travel! P: +61 7 3236 1936 Contact M ick Kramer OMIEAust W; w ww.ccintl.com.au Phone2 0 6029 7164 in a bl Mobile 0428 537 995 Email: [email protected]

RISK M ANAGEMENT SERVICES

a=0 2 Defensible R isk Management +- P atents = Safety (WHS Act) I +- Trade Marks « P roject Due Diligence ® Reviews & Consulting www. r 2a.com-au ‘ +_ Designs OXAHEARN F <_ Investigations PATENT & T RADE MARK ATTORNEYS INTERNATIONAL A DVERTISING CONTACTS +- S earches New Z ealand: Engineering Insight, 158 The Terrace, Wellington, phone +64 4 473 9444, email [email protected] UK: Cara-Lyn BRISBANE | SUNSHINE COAST |GOLD COAST Reynolds International Media Services Ltd PO Box 3345 Coventry CV6 6YD, phone (+44) 2476 361888, fax (+44) 2476 363916, email [email protected] South Africa: International Media Tel: ( 07) 3221 0744 Fax: (07) 3221 0661 Representatives (Pty) Ltd, Suite 103, 75 Maude Street, Sandown 2146, phone (011)884 8076, fax (011) 884 7619. Email: [email protected] Advertising c ontacts for Australia are listed on the "Contents" page at the front of the magazine ETA Website: www.ahearnfox.com.au

ENGINEERS A USTRALIA | MARCH 2012 67 I

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