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Erzurumda Kuyumculuk Ve Sorunlari

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Erzurumda Kuyumculuk Ve Sorunlari ATATURK UNivERSiTESi SOSYAL BiLiMLER ENSTiTUSU GUZEL SANATLAR EGiTiMi ANABiLiM DALI Ruhi KONAK ERZURUMDA KUYUMCULUK VE SORUNLARI Yiiksek.Lisans Tezi Tez Y6neticisi Yrd.Doc;;. Omiir KO<;: ERZURUM - 2001 SOSYAL BILIMLER ENSTITOSO MOOORLOGONE Bu ~ah~ma, GOzei Sanatlar Egitimi Ana Bilim Oah'nm Resim I~ Egitimi Bilim Oah'nda JUrimiz tarafmdan YOkses Lisans Tezi olarak kabul edilmi~tir. tJL---r Oanl~an 1 JOrl Yrd.Oo~. Om Or KOQ JUri JOri Prof. Dr. Hamza GONOOGOU Yrd.O~.Dr.HOseyin YURTTA$ Jl~~ ~~,",-, o 8 ~UBAT Z002 Yukandaki imzalar, adl geyen Oijretim Oyelerlne ... I... 12002 EnstitO MOdura i<;iNDEKiLER Sayfa No OZET. ..................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT........................................................................................... II ONSOZ .................................................................................................. III KISAL TMALAR..................................................................................... IV RESiMLER DiziNi. ............................................................................... V ~iziMLER DiziNi.. ................................................................................. VII GiRi!? .................................................................................................... 1 LBOLUM TURK MADEN SANATI TARiHi ............................................................ 4 1.1.lslamiyetten Once Turk Maden Sana!I ............................................. 4 1.1.1.Kuyum Kurganl Bulgulan ........................................................... 4 1.1.2.<;in Slnlr Bblgesi Bulgulan ......................................................... 5 1.1.3. Noin-Ula Kurganl Bulgulan........................................................ 7 1.1.4.Ka!anda Kurganl Bulgulan ......................................................... 9 1.1.5.Pazmk Kurganl Bulgulan ........................................................... 10 1.1.6.$ibe Kurganl Bulgulan ............................................................... 12 1.1.7.Esik Kurganl BlIlglilan.... ............ ............................................... 12 1.1.8.KlIdirge Klirgan I BlIlglilan......................................................... 15 1.1.9.Nagyzan!miklos BlIlglilan .......................................... ",,,,,,,,,,,,, 17 1.2.islamiyetten Gunumuze Turk Maden Sana!I .................................... 20 1.2.1.Erken Islam Devri Turk Maden Sana!I ....................................... 20 1.2.2.SeIYllkI1l ve Beylikler Dbnemi Turk Maden Sana!I ..................... 23 1.2.3.0smanll impara!orlugll Dbnemi Turk Maden Sana!I ................. 33 II.BOLUM KUYUMCU ATELYESiNDE KULLANILAN ARA~ GERE~LER..... 49 2.1.Erzllrllm KlIYllmclI A!elyelerindeki KlIYllmclI Tezgahlan ve Ati:ilye Dizaynl ................................................................................................... 49 2.2.Metal Eritmede Klillanilan Ara y Gereyler......................................... 50 2.2.1.$alimo. .............. ......... .......................... ............................... ....... 50 2.2.2. Pota. ......... ..... ........ .... ..... ... .... ....... .... ....... ...... ..... ...... ........ ...... ... 50 2.23.$ide ........................................................................................... 50 2.2.4.Ma~a .......................................................................................... 50 2.3.Metalin Tel ve Levha Haline Getirilmesinde Kullanllan Ara<; Ge~<;ler ................................................................................................. 52 2.3.1.Silindir. .......................................................................................... 52 2.3.2.Hadde ......................................................................................... 53 2.3.3.Kerpeten ..................................................................................... 54 2.3.4.Mengene .................................................................................... 54 2.3.5.Mikrometre .................................................................................... 55 2.4.Metalin 1~lemesinde (Modele Uygulanmaslllda) Kullanllan Ara<; Gere<;ler................................................................................................. 55 2.4.1.Pens..... .......... ....... ..... ...... ......... ..... ... .......... ..... ............. ..... .... 55 2.4.2.Demir Levha ............................................................................... 57 2.4.3.Matkap (Fireze) ......................................................................... 57 2.4.4.Makaslar .................................................................................... 58 2.4.5.Muhtelif Kalemler.............................................................. 59 2.4.6.KII Testere..................................................... .................. 60 2.4.7.Muhtelif Egeler. .......................................................................... 61 2.4.8.Flr<;alar. ...................................................................................... 62 2.4.9.0rsler. ........................................................................................ 62 2.4.1 O.<;:ift ............................................................................................ 64 2.4.11.Yuzuk Demiri. ........................................................................... 65 2.4.12.<;:eki<;ler. ................................................................................... 66 2.5.Kaynak Yaplmillda Kullanllan Ara<; Gere<;ler ................................... 67 2.5.1.Amyant Kagldl. ........................................................................... 67 2.5.2.<;:elik Levha ................................................................................ 67 2.5.3.$alimo ...................................................................................... 67 2.6.Metal Top Yaplmillda Kullanllan Ara<; Gere<;ler. .............................. 67 2.6.1.Kur~un Taban ............................................................................. 67 2.6.2.He~tek............................................................................. 67 2.6.3.llmba... .... .......... ............. ..... ........ ......... .......... ................ ...... .... 67 4.2.1.Nitrit (Nitrat) Asit... ...................................................................... 94 4.2.2.Altln Suyu (Kral Suyu) ............................................................... 95 4.2.3.SulfOrik Asit (Sulfat Asidi) .......................................................... 95 4.2.4.Klorhidrik Asit (Klorur Asidi) ...................................................... 95 4.2.5.Sitrik Asit (Sirke Ruhu) .............................................................. 96 4.3.Takllarda Kulianilan Klymetli Ta~lar ................................................. 96 4.3.1.0Itu Ta~I. .................................................................................... 96 V.BOLUM GELENEKSEL TURK DESENLERiNiN GELi~iMi..................... .......... 99 5.1.Geleneksel Turk Takllannda Kuliamlan Desenlerin Ozeliikleri........ 106 5.2.Erzurum Kuyumcu Atelyelerinde Kuliamlan Kallp Ornekleri (Gizim) 108 5.3.Erzurum'da Kuyumculuk ve Sorunlan .............................................. 109 5.4.Geleneksel Takl Tasanmlan ............................................................ 114 SONUC .................................................................................................. 119 KAYNAKLAR. ....................................................................................... 122 OZGECMi~ ............................................................................................ 125 EKLER: ................................................................................................. 126 Ek.1.Erzurum Kuyumcu Atolyelerinde Yapllan Roportajlar............. 126 Ek.2. Erzurum Kuyumcular Dernegi Ba§kamyla Yapllan Roportaj .. 135 OZET yOKSEK LiSANS TEZI ERZURUM'DA KUYUMCULUK VE SORUNLARI Ruhi KONAK Dant~man:Yrd.Do\f. OmUr KOC 2001-SAYFA: JOri:Yrd.Do\f. Omlir KOC Orta Asya kurganlannda yapllan arkeolojik kazllarda, Turk maden sanatma ait yok say Ida eser bulunmu~tur. GiinlOk kullamm e~yalan ve kuyumculuk orneklerinden olu~an bu bulgular yardlmlyla, Tiirk maden sanatmm Neolitik devirde ba~ladlgl anla~llmaktadlr. Bu eserler uzerinde Orta Asya hayvan iislubunun karakteristigi hakimdir. Goyebe Turk topluluklanmn yerle~ik hayata ger;:erek Islam dinini kabul etmelerinden sonraki doneme ait maden sanall orneklerinde, Islam sanatl etkileri goriilur. Selyuklular doneminde bu etkinin olgunla~arak ozgiin ve nitelikli eserler iiretildigi dikkati yekmektedir. Osmanillaria birlikte geleneksel sanallann tum kollannda oldugu gibi maden sanatl ve kuyumculuk alanmda da yiiksek kalitede eserler Oretilmi~tir. 19.yOzYllia birlikte Osmanh sanatmda gozlenen ballhla~ma egiliminden kuyumculuk sanall da olumsuz bir ~ekilde etkilenmi~ ve geleneksel yaplsmda bozulmalar meydana gelmi~tir. YOksek lisans tez konusu olarak yah~tlglm "Erzurum'da kuyumculuk ve sorunlan" ba~hgl altmda yapllglm ara~lIrmalar neticesinde anla~llmaktadlr ki; Osmanh Imparatorlugunun onemli merkezlerinden biri olan Erzurum'da yoresel imkanlar ve egilimler dogrultusunda kuyumculuk sanall geli~mi~tir. Telkari, kakma, yakma (stamra) ajur, kalem-i~i, savad, guherse, vs. teknikler kullanllarak takllar Uretilmi~tir. GOnOmOz Erzurum kuyumculugu, 19.yy Osmanh sanatmda ba!l"'a~ma egilimiyle ba~layan bozulmanm TOrkiye kuyumculuguna
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