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This book is a co-operative volume written by faculty members of the UDiversity and affiliated Colleges. It contains nineteen essays. Many sciences are repre­ sented, many literatures and many arts. The reader passes fromA.ristophanes to Modernism in the Fine Arts, from Medieval French Epics to the New Physics, from History and English Literature to the newest Social Psychology.

EDITED BY PROF. R. C. LODGE FOREWORD BY PRESIDENT SMITH

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No.4, VOL. xm JULY, 1940

THE STAFF Editor and Business Manager: EARLE J. BEATTIE EARLE J. BEATI'IE Associate Editors: DAVID C. COTTINGHAM, ROBERT MOYSE Art Editor: STEVEN OTTO Bulletin Board Editors: Co-ed Editor: DONALDA McDONALD JOHN D. HAMILTON, FERN BARTLETT Circulation Manager: MARSHALL CROWE CLASS REPRESENTATIVES Theology-J. STEWART Fourth Year-DOUGLAS BEST Third Year-KAY McGIRR Second Year-DONALD PRATT First Year-DORA BROWN Collegiate: EDYTHE MINDELL, KAY ROWLETTE, HUGH BARTLEY, T. MARSHALL, HAROLD ROSS, BASIL BLAKELY ALUMNI STAFF Editor: ALBERT M. BRIGGS, '36 Circulation: RUTH LOWERY, '34; JESSIE BLACKWOOD, '37; VELMA KELLY, '35

Contents

Page Editorial: Jabberwocky for the Hoi Polloi 2 Principal W. C. Graham, a Message 3 GRADUATE FEATURE ARTICLE- Perennial Poland, by Dr. W. J. Rose, London, England 4 CHANCELLOR'S PRIZE STORY- The World Is Waiting, by David C. Cottingham 8 SPECIAL COLOR SECTION- Graduates of 1940: Five Panels 13 United College Student Council 19 Valedictory Address, by Harry Meadows 20 Interfaculty Champions: Football 22 Basketball, Track, Soccer 23 Executives: Drama, "Vox," Athletic 24 Social, Co-ed 25 "Vox" Talks: A Review of the Four Issues 26 ~'REEDOM OF SPEECH PRIZE ESSAY- The Maintenance of Free Speech in Canada, by Ellen Hampton 29 Song for Canadian Artists, a Poem, by Chester Duncan 35 Watson Kirkconnell, a Tribute, by J. D.H 36 Alumni Notes 37 : EDITORIAL EDITOIUAL JABBERWOCKY FOR THE HOI POLLOI

What can we say? our way of life is to stand up against the blows of In this day of sudden, shocking re-evaluation, the invader. Perhaps, as Heywood Broun says, when Reality has thrust its ugly visage into our we ain't been livin' right. waking dream of life, what can we say? Where did we go wrong? How is it that Better to say nothing and go by. democratic France, so triumphant in 1919, has Perhaps heed the words of Edgar Lee Masters been brought into the dust by the German jug­ in the sad tale of Louise Smith- gernaut six weeks after the launching of the blitz­ Do not let the will play gardener to your soul krieg, so that now we have been confronted with Unless you are sure It is wiser than your soul's nature. the macabre spectacle of French and British fight­ For these were some of the things they said, ing on the seas? They said it over and over, like a Congo song, a We must interpret this defeat. chant, and it lulled us into apathy. They said­ The smash of France was due to an irresistible combination of factors in the enemy's favour. That Hitler would never go to war. But Hitler and his methods was not our great­ That the war would never be in the west, if est enemy; the most formidable foe we had was there was a war. our own smugness. The smugness which permit­ That if there was a war, even if there was a ted us to go unarmed while the enemy was arm­ war in the west, that it would be a defensive war. ing furiously and even to dally when the day of That if there ever should be a war, any kind reckoning arrived-this was inexcusable. We said of war, that there would be a revolution in Ger­ Democracy was good and Dictatorship was bad many very soon. and that seemed to be enough. We sneered and That Germany could not last six months be­ criticized the Nazis, while refusing to consider the cause she would starve. imperfections of our own system, and we were so That France's army was the finest army in the confident that he would crumble up if ever he world. raised his hand against us. In our snobbery and And when Hitler went to war and it was in the conceit we turned away from this uncouth brute, west and it was not a defensive war for the Allies until one day he rose up and smote us. It is not to and there was no revolution or starvation in Ger­ be expected that we would be as fully armed and many within six months-then they said: hardened as this international gangster who had That Hitler made a fatal mistake when he spent seven years getting his mob together for the invaded Norway. kill, arming them to the teeth and waiting for the That the French general Gamelin was a great day he could strike down a peaceful community. general indeed. But we might have openly faced the fact that he That the Nazi army would not get through was a gangster, not a paranoiac, and kept our Holland because they would flood Holland. police force in shape, and watched the arrant That the Rome-Berlin Axis was broken and cowards who were ready to sell out to the brute Mussolini was soon to be an ally of the British. to save their proprietory interests. Who said it? We don't know. But it got Democracy had got a little soft in the head due around. These were the things they said and to the idealistic theories of so-called intellectuals. lulled us into a false security. Every word they It needed hoops of steel to gird it, for an abomin­ spoke or wrote, these publicists, helped to wall us able smugness had got abroad in our land that up in our fool's paradise. We were a democracy. took refuge under the churchy slogan that Right And if we objected to what they said, if we Will Triumph. But we forgot that only when criticized ourselves, then we were being un­ right has teeth can it triumph. We forgot the first patriotic, for they equated patriotism with their law of life, a principle which Darwin promulgated own easy assurances of safety which led to the a century ago: that the fittest survive. Might is reversals we have suffered. The function of still right until it can be overlaid with ethics. criticism was foreign to their minds. And now having rescued Democracy from un­ What has happened to us? der its smothering of holy phrases, we must be­ Let us know the truth quickly and firmly, and ware in this backwash of idealism, of becoming push aside this dish of macaroni which the pub­ soured with our way of life, and reaffirm those licists have put before us. It is time to cut be­ principles which the men of Runnymede won for neath the cant and jabberwocky of the magazine us; which we must rewin now. writers, journalists and platform ignoramuses if This is what we can say. Principal W. C. GRAHAM

!JT IS not so many years since the Indians held their quaint tribal dances at the confluence of the Red and the Assiniboine. The world has moved on since then and so has Manitoba. The creaking of the Red River carts ushered in an era of change in which civilization came to the prairies with consequences both good and not so good. In a sense this number of "Vox" is a symbol of some of the objectives cherished by those who drove the creaking carts through the long grasses of the unbroken prairies. They were looking for a richer life and they and their descendants have found much here to satisfy that quest. But now the time has come when we have to ask ourselves what was the permanent worth of the epic expansion and "progress" which the pioneers wrote across the breast of the rolling plains. Is their saga to live in human memory or is it to pass into the limbo of forgotten frustra­ tions? Have we been really living out here or just going through the motions? Tomorrow will yield the answer and whatever the answer is it will be our judgment. What is bitter in it will come because, falsely believing that we had attained, we have rested on our oars and drifted, heedless of yesterday and of tomorrow, immersed in the satisfactions of today. Will this day in which those satisfactions have turned to ashes in our mouths reunite our souls with the drive of that great past so that we may play our part in projecting it into a greater future? If that happens, as it most certainly is happening at this very moment, there will come a day when we can forget the bitterness of these hours. It is for that day that we all must live every moment of the time that is left to us. The hope that beat high in the hearts of those who drove the creaking carts beats also in our hearts, however swiftly we hurtle through space in our machines. That is the hope "that maketh not ashamed" because it is a generous hope capable of including all humanity. So long as we do not relinquish it to despair but embody it in our lives, there are most certainly better days ahead than the pioneers ever dreamed of. Let us go steadfastly on. .E

PERENNIAL POLAND "Even a great nation may fail, but only a worthless one can perish."-STASZIC--ca 1790.

)\ MONG the questions .calling sternly for an And they may be forgiven for regretting that the r-l. answer in these days, one of the foremost same processes were not achieved long ago in is this: do we consider the small nations those less known parts of Europe which has so (particularly in crowded Europe) as assets or as justified itself between the Rhine and the liabilities? Put more drastically, would it not be Pyrenees. a good thing if at least half a dozen of the national The trouble is, of course, that they were not: and free states, which emerged from the Great and the fact must be faced that, once the oppor­ War, 1914-1918, were to disappear; absorbed, or tunity was lost, the hopes of such a consummation reabsorbed, by one or the other of their larger today are remote indeed. The eminent Max neighbours? Weber used words like these in a public lecture It is significant that an affirmative attitude to about fifteen years ago: this question has not only lurked near the surface "From the time when the Polish and Lithuanian press of the minds of not a few leading figures in Allied was founded, the war on national tongues-whether countries, but is openly suggested or even advo­ carried on by the upper classes or by hostile govern­ cated by historians and writers on world events. ments, was as good as hopeless." These people have that mysterious thing known Had he added a reference to compulsory element­ as "the historical process" behind them. They can ary schools, as another instrument for ploughing point to the undeniable case of France; which has up the minds of the masses, he would have com­ evolved from a congeries or regional and linguistic pleted the argument. groups certainly less akin than the peoples of the This larger issue can be left to the judgment Baltic coast-line, or those of the Balkan peninsula. of the reader, since in any case it is scarcely rele-

5 Dr. Rose, '05, receiving his Ph.D. degree at the University of Cracow, Poland, May, 1926. vent in the instance before us. All terms are 1918) there was no Poland on the map of Europe; relative, but it requires a real stretch of the but not even the bitterest foe of the Poles could imagination to include the Poles among the small say that there was no Polish nation. There were years-between 1870 and 1890, those of "triple nations of Europe. On a conservative estimate loyalty," in which, by way of reaction against the there are over 23,000,000 of them, counting only white heat of national fervour of the previous those included in the free republic. This means half-century, men turned to other gods. They three-fifths the population of France. Only its argued that Poles could live on, and even prosper, place between two vastly larger national agglom­ as citizens of alien empires, even though Poland erations makes Poland seem small. The Reich ceased to be. But this kind of thinking had hardly established its bases when a tremendous resurg­ is three times that number, more if we include ence of patriotism swept it away. Faith in the Australia; while U.S.S.R. has double the popula­ nation as a group-its past with all those failures, tion of the Reich. It is this fact that made the its present with all those obstacles, and its future great dictum of Staszic (pron. Stashits] so per­ with all those uncertainties, came to warm life tinent in his time, and makes it no less pertinent again. Witness the pictures of Matejko, the great today. What counts is not numbers, nor material tales of Sienkiewicz, the prayers and hymns of wealth; but the will to live! Kasprowicz, and the matchless drama of Wyspian­ ski. "The nation," said the last-named in "Libera­ Is this the essential element in nationality? tion," "has no right to live save as a free state." The answer must surely be "Yes!", and of this there is no finer example in history than Poland. "Poland's soul has not departed," to recall the All know that for a century and more (1795- line of the poet Wybicki, contemporary of Staszic;

5 though her neighbours dearly del'iired this, and to organize for political action. Like their fellow­ many of her own sons were alarmed at certain workers in industry who found the Socialist move­ symptoms. Not being a "worthless nation," there ment, they say that only by getting together and was no real fear of her perishing. Poland was demanding it could they hope for justice. Slowly but surely the consciousness spread, and the last never a "great nation," yet her people had not ten years have seen enormous gains. Although a few of the elements of greatness. The difficulty things may not develop as some Party leaders was, when one looks closely, that there never was envisage them, this movement is the greatest a Polish nation, in the modern sense of that term, phenomenon of recent years, and it may well be until our own times. In other words, the Poles the surest guarantee of national survival today. only began to attain solidarity as a group when Poland has only one proper natural frontier­ the process of urbanization got under way-say the Carpathians on the south. Elsewhere the in the seventies of last century. City life had frontiers are cultural. On the west that of flourished for three hundred years, but from East language comes first, with that of religion in close Central Europe, like the Russians and the second. Few·tongues are more different than Ukrainians, they remained an agricultural people. German and Polish, few faiths more opposed than There was a large landed gentry, the foremost of Lutheranism and Catholicism. As for the east, the whom had taken the titles of Princes and Counts order is reversed. The chief barrier here is the from their neighbours; and there were the peasant faith, since the languages are akin. But the differ­ masses. These latter were emancipated in Prussia ence between Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy in the twenties, in Austria after 1848, in Russia in is one of deep and vast dimensions-the West and the sixties; but only in two areas were there even the East. Here Latin Christianity, there Byzan­ what we· should call yeomen farmers in any tium. numbers. People "of better blood," who tilled I regard this whole tissue of antagonisms as a their town farms. The rest were slow to merge misfortune, but there they are. And the effort, from illiteracy and the sense of servitude. by creating an Uniate Church, to bridge them Fortunately for the nation, the provinces most has been scarcely less a misfortune. Not all com­ exposed to alien oppression were the first to attain promises are bad, but this one has been the cause almost complete social and economic consolida­ of endless trouble. Hence the tragedy of the tion. Under the pressure of Bismarck's regime, Ukrainian disunity. Thus we see that viewed the big landowners made comman cause with from one angle, Poland isan outpost of the West, their smaller neighbours; and with the blessing of but, seen as Slavs, the Poles share with the Czechs the Church, the country folk set about restoring the unenviable position of being outposts toward town life and the creation of a middle class. The the West of the great Slavonic family of peoples. process spread through Central Poland, then It is this which the Germans cannot forgive. under Russian domination, and the seventies and Our own day has brought fresh complications. eighties saw an astonishing growth of industry and In a very real sense there is no East and West commerce. Fortunately, again, it is these most any more. Everywhere the threat of seculariza­ exposed provinces that are going through a fiery tion, everywhere the march of the machine. Put trial today. They escaped entirely in the Great more precisely, a new and revolutionary Russia War, and now they will shew the stuff they are eschews the traditions of Orthodoxy, seeking to made of. The Naxis may succeed in wiping out outdo the West in its striving after science and the intelligentsia, but they will have a hard nut organized economic existence. On the other side to crack in the Polish yeomen farmers. Poland faces a fiercely expansionist German Only the Austrian provinces were left behind Reich, which has rejected the Churches and is in the move toward national consolidation. The busy creating a religion all its own. The roots of gentry and the Church are to blame for this, and this new organism are in a mystical and un­ the immediate result wa sthe emergence here of bridled national ardour, but its path to greatness what is called the Peasant Party today. Beginning (sic!) is that of the subordination of everything in the eighties, and led by a courageous priest, the animate and inanimate to the claims and bidding struggling toilers on their "pigmy" farms, began of the state. Neither ancient Rome nor modern

6 Japan can shew anything quite to equal this sub­ "digesting" the 29,000,000 Slavs now ruled by the jection of human personality, this prostituting of Nazis would be hopeless. As things are today, it human freedom to group imperatives. is just not possible. Both of these state creations, far larger and Great damage is indeed being done. The suf­ stronger in respect of visible things than Poland, fering of innocent people is endless. The ruthless­ have made both the form and content of what we ness of Nazi and Bolshevic police organizations call Christianity the objects of bitter persecution. is constant and universal. Efforts are being made A return to the rules of the jungle, the appeal to so to change the map that restitution of rights brute force, the apothesis of sacro egismo (save will be almost unthinkable. Many people are on the adjective!) supply the main drive in the policy the verge of despair. Why all this misery? ofthe Third Reich and the U.S.S.H. Lebensraum No effort can be made here to apportion the means of course "living space for us," and there blame. International relations have steadily de­ is no drop of compassion for the fate of others. teriorated during ten years; until "neither peace What is more, there is joy in the presence of all nor war" (in Trotsky's phrase) had become a advocates of this doctrine in Berlin and in Moscow sardonic jest. All this in spite of the League of (not to mention Rome), at every voice raised in Nations, of the Kellogg Pact, and of the avowed the outside world to hint that, when all is said desire for peace of all of the Great Powers (unless and done, "this is the way of nature." Were those Italy). As a result we have again "slithered into troublesome smaller nations to be absorbed, peace war," and the small nations are the victims. in Europe and the world would be so much Neither human nor divine justice can let this easier! kind of thing go unpunished. We shall all share in the suffering. And when things look blackest Nevertheless, this desired event will not hap­ the words of Staszic may well be a source of com­ pen. Nor if it did should we really have peace. fort. Nothing that is worth while can perish, un­ "They may swallow you, don't let them digest less from inner corruption. Loyalties are spiritual you!" wrote Rousseau to his Polish colleagues forces-whether to the soil, or to the family and after the First Partition. Today there is less fear national name, or to the faith of the fathers. Not than ever of this happening. Even if Czechs and all are of equal validity, and they sometimes clash. Poles had not enjoyed twenty years of political But no proper patriotism need be a threat to any and cultural liberties, even if the press and the neighbour patriotism. In a rightly managed world common school had not done their work during it must not.be allowed to be such a threat. For half a century, even if the process of national that reason one knows that neither Finnish, nor consolidation had not gone forward as it has in Norwegian, nor Czech nor Polish hearts will love every "small nation" in Europe, the task of their land in vain.

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7 Prize Winning Short Story Annual Chancellor's Contest Prize Winning Short Story Annual Chancellor's ContQst THE WORLD IS WAITING By DAVID C. COTTINGHAM

HEN the sun had risen to an agle of forty­ He bent himself again to the stooking and five degrees above the rolling hills to the thought of how the wheat would look when the Wsouth he began to feel the cool sweat gold-brown stream comes gushing out of the standing out on his lips. He slipped off the faded delivery pipe of the thundering machine on to the I blue chambray shirt and flung it on to a stook of liquid heap in the wagon box. It was a good crop the brown ripening wheat; already the flickering and the sheaves were heavy, not quite ripe yet, waves of heat were beginning to simmer on the but a few days of standing in stooks under the distant stuble fields and he could see Rusty's cloudless sky and they would be light, dry and figure at the far end of the row, bending and brittle, and the whirling machinery of the separa­ straightening in slow methodic rhythm to the tor would easily divide the fat ears of wheat from rustling sheaves. the pulverized straw. It was the last day of August. Some of the Fred and Rusty were town-bred, but every grain had been late in ripening this year because year since they were seventeen they had known of the wet weather; but the rains had passed and the fascination of the harvest. Every year they in the broad flat-lands of the Blue River valley had taken a job in the fields; driving a bundle- the fields had been full of the whirr of binders and now the grain was cut. Across the river to the north Fred could see the long feather of chaff from a separator forming itself slowly into the voluptuous contours of a straw stack. wagon, stooking, spike-pitching, field-pitching. It The threshing crew had gathered around the was something more than the two dollars a day bench with the wash-basins on it when Rusty and that took them into the fields; perhaps it was the Fred came up to the house. The men, mostly hot breath of the sun on the naked chest and Doukhobors and Swedes who came from the southern part of the province and had followed shoulders, or the fine balance of a pitch-fork in the the harvest north, were washing the threshing hands, the steel-bright gleam of the tynes in the dust from their hands and faces in cold water crisp brown wheatstraw; it was the satiating fare from the rain barrel. They shouted good-natured­ of the harvest board, the shouting of men and the ly at one another and stamped around on the

roar of machinery, and it was the dreamless sleep hard-packed earth of the yard like yearling colts on a straw mattress. cut of harness. . Since he hai finished school, Fred had been Dick Weble was boss and owned his outfit and working in his father's hardware store in Blue his six hundred and forty acres-c-i'every inch of River, learning the business. Some day the store it," he used to say, "unless I slip up on some of would belong to Fred. the finance companies." Dick had a good woman Rusty's father was a railroad conductor and and two gangling boys who could "do as much worked on the way-freight that ran three times a work in the field as any four men, by gad!" week between Blue River and Stockford. Rusty Dick was washing himself when Rusty and was going to go to college in September to learn Fred came up and old Jack was sitting on the electrical engineering. running board in the shade of the truck, rolling himself a cigarette. Jack was the hired man at Weble's place all summer and at harvest time he The next time Fred paused to wipe the sweat drove the crop to town in the old grain truck that out of his eyelashes and look about, he saw Rusty had no brakes. waving his arms and pointing to the sun, which "How's the stocking, boys?" when they stop­ had now reached its zenith. It was noon. Fred ped by the truck. started for the house, throwing his shirt over his "North-west field of Thatcher's nearly half shoulder as he passed the stook where he had left done." Rusty felt good about knowing that the it. Rusty was carrying the water jug by a short wheat was Thatcher. "Heard anything new about rope attached to the neck of it. things in Europe, Jack?" "We got a lot done this morning," Rusty said, "Mrs. Weble says she heard over the phone when he had caught up with him. this morning that this here Chamberlain's tryin' "Yeah. The bundles in this field are easier to to get the Germans to make friends with the Poles handle than the barley was." but I don't think it'll do no good." As if from a great distance they heard the "Think there'll really be war?" asked Rusty, long moaning noon whistle of a steam outfit. eagerly almost.

9 "Shore there will," said Jack, putting on his Terry answered his call: "Listen, hayseed; 1 saddest look as fitting for such an announcement. should wear myself out running after you! Why "This time there won't be no fooling around like don't you just put a record on the gramophone out in the last war there was. You young fellas'll all there and do a Suzie-Q with Rusty? Every time be conscripted right off. 1 might get to goin' my­ we're thinking we've got rid of you two guys self if they start callin' up us old war-horses that around this town, you're wanting to come back were in the last one." Jack had an old bayonet again. Okay, okay. I'll be out there at eight wound that stretched down the left side of his o'clock, but promise me you'll keep yourselves out face from ear to chin. of sight when 1 come back through town with Mrs. Weble called to them and they followed you." the men into the front room, where the food was Fred called up Janet and made a date with set on an emergency table of mighty planks on her for the dance. trestles. Even the food couldn't stop Jack from talking. He leaned across the table towards Rusty After supper that night Fred and Rusty went and Fred and talked as he ate. Jack was the best out into the yard and sat on the running board talker and story-teller in the valley and on the of the truck. The sun was setting in a splash of days when it rained and the men couldn't go out color and down in the bunkhouse someone was to work, Jack would lean himself on the jamb of playing a harmonica. It was long after eight, but the door in the bunkhouse and tell stories of the Terry had not come yet with the car. Terry was fishermen on the lakes, till the rain had spent never on time. itself and the grain had dried for working. Dick Weble and old Jack came up from the "I'll tell you this," he said between his eating. barn and Dick said, looking at the sky, "Going to "I tell you this because 1 like you boys. No, 1 be lots of fine weather now. Maybe a little wind don't mean to fool with you or anything like that, to dry the grain. Hope this war starts before 1 but 1 want to tell you: don't join the army, boys, get my crop all sold. Wheat's gonna go up to five unless they come and make you; you don't get dollars this time, by gad." He spat on the empty nawthing for it. You don't get nawthing." His oil drum. voice took on the note of sentimental tragedy that A late model Dodge came bounding up the hill it always had when he told stories about poor old from the ford in the river and whirled into the widows: "And she was only a pore old lady, boys. yard, stopping with a flourish of dust and a squeal She didn't have nawthing." of brakes. The tires were still wet from the river. Rusty said, "A lot of Germans in this country Terry leaned out from behind the wheel, grinning. will be watched pretty close if war breaks out." "C'mon, you stubble-jumpers. Pile in. Leave "Shore will. You jest watch if what I'm sayin' your boots down by the barn." ain't true: half of them Germans are spies for "We thought you'd finally caught up with Hitler. 1 remember ...," old Jack talked on. He yourself and run into a cow on the road," said had been in the last war and he knew all about Rusty. German spies. He told them of the spy who had Fred turned to old Jack. "Want a lift to left a time-bomb in a suitcase in the barracks at town?" Winnipeg and of how he, Jack, had discovered Old Jack could scarcely conceal his excitement. the suitcase and saved a thousand lives. But he He said he wasn't dressed for going to town, but never told them how he got the bayonet wound he "shore was thirsty," so with protestations of and they never asked him. When the meal was gratitude he got into the car and they drove over and the men started to go out, he said again, down the hill through the shallow water of the "But don't join the army, boys. You don't. get river. Jack may have been a trifle unsettled by nawthing." Terry's driving, but he said nothing. Rusty said, remembering, "There's a dance in town tonight. Ought to arrange to take it in. What As soon as Fred came into the -house with do you think, Fred?" Terry, his mother met him by the glass doors in Fred could get his younger brother, Terry, to the living room and kissed him without saying drive out for them. He shovedback his chair and anything; he felt as if he had been away for a went over to the phone. long time, but it was only since last Sunday.

10 He saw his father sitting in the deep chair by and it was wide awake, it was alive and breathing, the radio. His father said, "How's farming, son?" it was in the shops and houses and it was in the and he answered that he guessed it was all right. dark bodies of the trees hanging over the narrow A voice from the radio was speaking very low sidewalks. He felt excited, elated and terrified. and very fast, dramatizing the crisis in Europe. Janet came out as soon as he drove up. He Fred looked at his mother and saw that she flung open the door of the car and she got in was thinking about what was going to happen; he beside him. She laughed. looked at his father and it was the same. He felt "Gee you look swell, darling, with all that tan terribly embarrassed all of a sudden, standing en your beautiful face. Or is it just because 1 there with his mother clutching his arm so tightly can't see very good in this light? Do you think and looking up at his face and his father sitting --?" in the circle of light under the lamp and not Fred liked her voice. He liked the peculiar 'looking up. mannerisms in her speech and the way she had of The voice from the radio went on and on. saying "do you think --?" as though she had Suddenly Fred wanted to shout. He wanted left out "so." Now she was teasing him about to say, "Hey, snap out of it. What the hell!" He working in the fields and his happiness sprang up said: "What the devil are you listening to that within him again at being with her. stuff for? What's that guy talking about? He He started the car and they drove out of town doesn't know what's going on. Turn it off. Turn it along the gravelled highway. A full harvest moon off!" was riding high in the heavens and illuminating He strode across the room and twisted the the fields on either side of the road with the bril­ knob. For a moment or two there was silence and liance of day. those in the room heard a car going past in the The girl laid her head against the back of the street. Fred thrust his fists-into the pockets of his seat and watched his face as he drove. She was work pants. an attractive girl, pretty rather than beautiful; "Hey," said Terry, "when you people get to her dark brown hair seemed almost black in the the end of the second act, let me know. I'm shadows of the car. hungry. 1 crave victuals. Anything to eat in the "You know," she said, "you're too-too poetic house?" to be working in a hardware store." Mother told him where to find something to He said nothing. eat and Fred asked if there was any hot water for "Dou you remember the time you were editor a bath. He borrowed one of his dad's white of the high-school journal?" shirts. The bath was hot enough. He nodded. When Fred came downstairs later, they were "And remember you said then 'that one day talking about how the price of grain had gone up you were going to be a newspaper man?" in the last few days and about how Canada would Silence again, and the car ran on between the stand behind the Empire if it came to war. Fred silvery-bright fields. After a long time the girl told them about the good crop and showed them spoke again. " the sun tan on his shoulders before he put on his "Maybe some day you'll have a chance to work dad's white shirt. on one of the big papers in the city." Mter he had found a clean handkerchief he "Maybe 1 will," he said. "More than anything left them and went out. Terry had gone. Fred else in the world, I'd like to do that." He felt got into the car and found the keys hanging in the miserably that she was disappointed in him, that ignition lock. He drove slowly over to Janet's, he had betrayed her trust; but she said "I don't thinking about how his mother had looked when mind. Really 1 don't." Her hand touched his arm he came into the house and trying to understand and he was reassured. what it was that was happening. He had thought He turned the car off the highway and they that Europe was a great distance away, across the drove smoothly along a dirt road. The trunks of ocean, but he knew that something had happened poplar trees were a brilliant white in the beam of in the room with his father and mother and Terry the headlights until they came again into the open and the radio commentator. It was not only in fields where the grain was stooked and the car Europe now, it was here in a small Manitoba town, ,glided to a stop. Fred extinguished the lights.

11 They sat unmoving, conscious only of each other's warm, soft, moist, sweet, and all that ever was of presence, of the mood of calm that had come to tears or smiles or dreams. them. She slipped her hand into his, resting her head He put his arm along the back of the seat and lightly against his shoulder, and looked out and indicated with a twist of his hand the silent army beyond the car to the hills and the sky. She of the grain. thought of the scent she had put in her hair and "Look at the stooks," he said. "I might have wondered if he was being aware of its potency. built those stooks myself, but I didn't. I built When she put out a hand and switched on the others just like them out at Weble's place. It radio the music of a swing band drifted out to her wasn't my grain, it was Dick Weble's; but all the touch. Moonlight and soft music; a feeling of same whenever I'd stop and look around at the strength was in her and she knew the power of hot fields, I'd feel sort of proud because the stooks soft hands and lips. were standing clean and free in rows and the But the music stopped. sheaves were big and healthy, and I knew they'd A voice said: "A special communique from run about thirty bushels to the acre. Well, I felt Paris, France, which has just arrived by Asso­ sort of-sort of proud." He wanted very much ciated Press, states that Herr Hitler has issued for her to understand this new. thing that had special orders to all German troops stationed on come to him; he wanted her to understand his the Polish frontier. These orders are to the effect maturity, his feeling of being a necessary part in that any subsequent border 'incidents' are to be the scheme of things; he wanted her to know what treated as an act of aggression on the part of he himself did not know how to express in words. Poland." Her silence gave understanding. After a while Janet was startled, shocked. he went on: This was something that she had not reckoned "You know, when you're stooking in the field with in any of her plans and now she too was all day and you're not talking to anybody; just afraid and she knew what he had meant when he lifting the sheaves by the bands, two at a time, and spoke of fear. Her hand gripped his tightly. setting them down with their butts to the ground; "Fred, are you going to join up if war comes?" well, you do a lot of thinking. You think about the "I don't know. Maybe I'll have to go. Maybe way you used to be when you were a kid and the it's right that I should go. I don't know." scrapes you got into and the fights you used to The sound of the swing band was cheap and have with the bigger kids, when you'd go home purposeless. She turned it off. bawling. You think about the time when it was "Do you think we should go back to the dance your tenth birthday and your dad came into the now?" house and said, "Somebody left something for you "All right." in the back shed, son," and you knew by the way He started the car and they drove back to he was grinning that it was a bicycle. You think town. about the swell time you had in high school and then the day when you graduated and old Pelfer The dance hall, on a side street facing Brenn's made a speech about Milton's poem: "Courage Drug Store, was filled with sound and color of never to submit or yield," or something. You people. At the far end of the floor a five-piece wonder if there's really going to be a war in band was playing on a stage overlooking the turn­ Europe and you wonder what's going to happen ing kaleidoscope of dancers. Along the wall by to you if there is a war. You wonder what's going the door was the stag-line; the red-faced men to happen to you even if there isn't a war. Some­ from the farms and the pimply youths of the high times you feel sort of scared-not afraid really, school, all mingling together and trying to look just sort of sick in your stomach. You know what over the heads of the dancers to where the girls I mean." She had to know, she must understand sat, mute and passionless, along the opposite wall. that he wasn't afraid of going to war. Fred and Janet danced to a slow waltz. They ·"Yes, I know," she said, and again he felt him­ danced well together. When the tempo changed, self sustained by her understanding. Rusty made his way through the crowd and cut Janet raised her head. Her face was a pale in on them. Fred wandered across the floor and oval in the light of the fields and her lips were (Continued on Page 39) 12 G R A o U A T :1;; E.' '. 5

- B BJERRING, GUDRUN JOHANNA JERRINO, GUDRUN JOHANNA Winnipeg, Manitoba. "Sugar and spice and all that's nice!" Lady Stick. Pres. of U.M.S.U. W.A., 1939-40. Vice-Pres. of Class, 1936­ 37-38-40. Junior Rep. to Woman's Ass'n,1938. Junior Rep. to U.c. Council, 1937. Debating Rep. of Class 1939-40. Majoring in English. An active member of the Music Club and English Club. ATTWOOLL, EDITH RUTH Winnipeg, Manitoba "Oh Dark Eyes that Shine!" and to add that touch of "je ne sais quoi." 'Ruth is majorin~ in French.

BEST, DOUGLASB BROATCH ROATCH Fort Frances, Ontario Doug. has a fine baritone voice which he knows how to use in all occasions, from. associate editing of The Manitoban to male quartets or to deciding the world's problems at English Club.

ALLAN, MAMIE ELIZABETH Riding Mountain, Manitoba Mamie has acquired her education not only from books, but also from her wide travels in South America, Australia and New Zealand and Europe.

In Memoriam RICHARD LORNE CORY 1920-1940

DUNCAN, SHIRLEY DONALDINE Winnipeg, Manitoba Beautiful to look at, brimming with wisdom. Isbister in 1939 and majoring in history.

DUPUIS, VIRGINIA CLAIRE St. Boniface, Manitoba Virgie is the philosopher of class 1940, but she can always spare a moment to lend the rest of us a helping hand.

DUPUIS, MIRIAM JOSEPHINE St. Boniface, Manitoba Five foot two of vivacity and nerve. Miriam represented Manitoba at C.A.A. assembly in Montreal, 1940. Camera Club in 1937-38 and is majoring in French. Male chorus, "Don't push, I saw. her first."

EDMUND, ARTHUR GEORGE SI. Vital, Manitoba Wl wouldn't be surprised to wake up one morning and find Arthur was Prime Minister.

FRASER, LOIS ETHEL Winnipeg, Manitoba "Her voice was ever soft, gentle and low, an excellent thing in woman."

FREEMAN, JEAN MARGARET Winnipeg, Manitoba A bundle of energy with a brain, who is proud of being ""palemical." Debating Rep., class 1940, and an enthusiastic member of the Philsophy, Economics Clubs.

FULTAN, MARY LILIAN Mount Lehman, B.C. Mary has the courage to invade the man's world. Actuarial Science. GRIFFEN. JOYCE BEATRICE Swan River. Manitoba She has a rare sense of humor and takes part in every activity, with emphasis on character parts (Mrs. 'Iggins) in Dramatics. Dramatic Rep. of Class 1938-39-40.

HADDAD. JOSEPH Amarant. Manitoba Joe informed us that he didn't do anything, but we think he was being modest.

HARVEY. IAN JAMES Winnipeg. Manitoba In the heat of a Council meeting, Ian's level headedness always brings us down to earth again. U.M.S.U. Rep. 1938-39. Senior Rep. 1939-40. Debating Rep. of class 1938-39-40. Isbisters 1938, 1939. and H. C. McWil­ liams Scholarship 1939.

HUBBLE. JOYCE GWENDOLYN Winnipeg. Manitoba Music is her favorite.

HUDSON. ELIZABETH RUTH Winnipeg. Manitoba Betty has broken the tradition of History Club that "women are to be seen and not heard."

JAMES. WILLIAM PATRICK Winnipeg. Manitoba A devotee of Gilbert and Sul1ivan.

JOHNSON. DAVID BRUCE Goodkmds, Manitoba Bruce is going on to Theology.

JOHNSON,ALEXANDER Goodlands, Manitoba Alex. had no statement to make and preferred to remain beyond the arms of publicity.

JONES, ANITA WINNIFRED Winnipeg. Manitoba Anita has a whimsical wit that makes any gathering gay.

KENT, MARY ECELES Killarney. Manitoba Mary looks like a dainty Victorian miss, ready to swoon in the approved manner-perversely, she is a modern Amazon at heart. Athletic Rep. of class 1940. Hockey Rep, on U.C.A.C. and Women's Athletic Directorate.

LIVINGSTONE, ALLAN MUNROE Winnipeg, Manitoba Lowe and Strube move over-Livingstone is on his way up with his drawing board and caricature pen under one arm and a curling broom, a swimming pool and a basket ball under the other.

McEOWN, BETTY GERALDINE Winnipeg, Manitoba With a twinkle in her eye. Betty worships teaching as her vocation. MacDONALD, JOHN Winnipeg, Manitoba John is a strictly theoretical man.

MacKENZIE, ELIZABETH DOROTHY Winnipeg, Manitoba "La Belle Dame Sans Mercie."

DUNCAN, GORDON HENRY Winnipeg, Manitoba Probably influenced by his study of higher maths, Gordon prefers to remain an unknown quantity.

MAY, DOROTHY EDYTHE It's always "May in March" when Dorothy is around. No executive seems to be complete without her. Special Rep. class 1937-38-40. Vice-Pres. of Co-eds 1938-39. Vice-Pres. of class 1939-40. Sec-Treas. 1939-40.

MEADOWS, HARRY Frobisher, Saskatchewan Harry spends most of his time in the Juvenile Court. but for a legitimate reason. As a student of Sociology he be­ lieves in observation. For his hard work he received the Judge Hamilton Prize in Sociology in 1939.

MEDD, EDNA A. Winnipegosis, Manitoba Edna is not a student-she is a true scholar. Isbister. 1936-37.1937-38,1938-39. Principal Sparling Scholar­ ship, 1937-38. T. Eaton Scholarship. 1938-39. Gov­ ernor's Gold Medal for U; of M.• 1938-39.

MONCRIEFF, RUTH Winnipeg, Manitoba Some day Ruth may be feeling your pulse as she is joining the ranks of the M.D:s.

MILLIGAN, FRANK ARCHIBALD Winnipeg, Manitoba Class 1940's Golden Haired Boy is looking forward to .a career in Law or History. At present he has majored in History and as Treasurer of U.M.S.U.

NICOL, JAMES RENNIE Winnipeg, Manitoba Jim is a very changeable person. taking the form of a swan, a jack-knife. a cannon ball. a University diving champion. 1938-39-40, or one of the intelligensia as President of His­ tory in 1939. NUGENT, LOIS WInnipeg, Manitoba A fragile beauty who can swing a wicked tennis racket. Athletic Rep. 1937-38. Vice-Pres. of class 1940. 1938­ 39. Social Rep. 1939-40. Senior Rep. to United Council 1939-40. Social convener of Co-ed Executive 1939-40. Ladies' Tennis Champ. United. 1939-40.

QUARNSTROM, ROLAND GUSTAF Winnipeg, Manitoba Roland can meet the professors quite sympathetically on pedagogical ground. having spent some time as an in­ structor himself.

OLIVER, DOROTHY GRACE Winnipeg, Manitoba The Co-ed from Vogue. PALSSON. MARGARET Winnipeg. Manitoba Marg. has "Rhythm in Her System." A member of the Co-ed Chorus. 1937-38 -39. She hopes to use some of that rhythm to brighten up the world in social service.

PARKER. MORTEN Winnipeg. Manitoba Morten is majoring in English and extra-curricular acti­ vities. President of Class 1940. 1939-40. President of Men's Club. 1939-40. Associate Editor. 1939-40. Man­ aging Editor. 1938-39 of Manitoban. Vice-President of U.C. Dramatic Society.

RAFNKELSSON. JANAS Winnipeg. Manitoba Janas could be called serious minded. but he gets a "whale" of a laugh out of a good joke.

REDEKOPP. HENRY Winnipeg. Manitoba Henry became a "gentleman of the cloth" in 1937. but he has been adding another degree.

ROSS. MARGARET JANE Winnipeg. Manitoba Marg. may be a Titian by complexion. but certainly not in temperament. "There is a lady sweet and kind"­ that's Marg.

SHAVER, M. JOHN V. Every time M. John V. laughs the walls of United shake under the blast-a close "Shave (r}." Senior Stick. Pre­ sident of Class 1938-39-40. besides taking part in Dramatics and History Club and majoring in English.

SHIPPEY. ADRIAN PAUL Rodney. Ontario Paul spends most of his extra time stirring up rhythm and College spirit in the student body as one of the U. of M. Band.

SHEWCHUK. OLGA Winnipeg, Manitoba You could always find Olga in the lower library probing deeply into Philosophy or French literary mind.

SHORTREED. THOMAS HENRY Grandview. Ontario Tom is majoring in Maths-c-a budding composer and accomplished pianist and secretary of the Social Committee. has to know how to count whether it is beats in a bar or tickets at a dance.

STEINMANN. STANLEY ARTHUR Winnipeg, Manitoba Don't bother to ask Stan any riddles. he knows all the answers off by heart. But he is a very kind person, and will probably make you happy by laughing at your jokes. anyway.

STEWART. JEAN ISABEL Deloraine, Manitoba Isobel combines intelligence and muscle co-ordination with ease. Isbister Scholarship. Government Youth Training Scholarsbip 1938-39. Secretary and Curling Rep. on U.C-A.C. Curling Rep. on U.M.S.U. W.A.C.

SQUIRES. FRANK JOHN Winnipeg. Manitoba Although he spends part of each day watching over young Lovoissiers, Frank bas not yet been dissolved or analyzed by any ea~er ~,imti5t. WATSON, ROBERT BRUCE Dauphin, Manitoba Robert is a true Dauphinite, excelling in athletics. Member of U.c. Athletic Council and a terror to the opposite side in a soccer game.

WILSON, MARY ! MCDUFF o/:.:DUFF Ochre River, Manitoba Mary, Mary, quite contrary, How does your garden grow? With constitutions and revolutions And history books all in a row.

JOHNSTON, MARION ISABEL Winnipeg, Manitoba Marion specializes in being original Delegate to National _Conference 19)8; Chairman of Far Eastern Student Relief. Vice-Pres. of Co-eds 1937-38. Vice-Pres. of Dramatics 1937-39. Debating Rep. class 1937-38-40. .

DUBOFF, MILTON MORRIS Winnipeg, Manitoba A modern D'Artagnan-Fencing champion of Arts 1939­ 40 and a general all-round athlete.

BROWNBRIDGE, RUTH MARIAN Winnipeg, Manitoba An earnest worker in all the activities in the more serious side of College life. Ruth is Secretary of S.C.M. at United.

DEFORGE, DOUGLAS WILLIAM Winnpieg, Man:toba William is graduating in Arts and has taken all his classes at Fort Garry. However, during the process of making up the grad panels William was erringly switched to another faculty.

SPENCE, WALTER J. Winnipeg, Manitoba Walter is a "double-threat" man. having taken four years of Arts and three years of Theology in four years (no mistake, in this case seven actually does equal four)..

RADLEY: MAJORIE K. Carroll, Manitoba Everything Marj. does can be depended upon to be the very best possible. She is majoring in English and History. A. B. Baird Scholarship in 1938-39.

Grad. G. FRED BRICKENDEN M. JOHN V. SHAVER GUDRUN BJERRING Treasurer Senior Stick Lady Stick

MARSHALL CROWE IAN J. HARVEY ROGER GRAHAM ALBERTA SHEARER Secretary Senior U.M.S.U. Rep. Junior U.M.S.U. Rep. Junior U.M.S.U. Rep. W.A. Pres. of Second Year

DONALDA B. MCDONALD DOREEN RICHMOND KAY McGEER DON WELCH Brown and Gold Rep. Vice-Pres. of Co-Eds. Pres. of Dramatics Pres. of Social

Grad. HARRY GUEST FREEMAN CHRISTIE GEORGE SWAN MORTEN PARKER Pres. of Third Year Pres. of First Year Pres. of Collegiate Pres. of Fourth Year

LOUIS NUGENT DOUGLAS RUPP BILL DAVIS EARLE J. BEATTIE Senior Rep. from U.C. Pres. of Theology Pres. of Athletic Council Editor of Vox Co-Ed Association UNITED COLLEGE STUDENTS COUNCIL

R. CHAIRMAN: VALEDI r'"" I have a difficult task with which to - M deal, for tonight I must interpret and l- give expression to, the views and feelings of 68 I- near-normal young persons known to you as Class of 1940. I must confess that I have had - much L.. advice and direction as to what I must say and ... how I must say it: This address must be short­ AS DELIVERED BY HARRY MEADO' six lusty males of Class '40 have threatened my life if it is not. It must be witty, the ladies insist. It must not be narrow. It must be broad-but course speak of our prowess in the field. Some of not so broad that it is flat. To assure the faculty you heard reference to it at last week's Athletic that their labors have not been in vain it must Banquet. Such a record (one whole point) we be intellectual, but in the event of their being leave to make eloquent testimony for itself. Freshmen present it must of course be simple. There have been funnier classes graduate Now to make it witty I might venture some from United. Some have given the institution stories, possibly some Confucius stories.i.but col­ a real laugh. Class '40 has given you two-they're lege lectures have wrecked my faith in stories as both at the head table tonight. the expression of humor. On two occasions Class '40's stunt made the Another problem also assails me. Just who college laugh more heartily than any others, so in Class '40 am I to speak for? Will it be those twice you gave us the trophy. Strange to say studious students who from the day of registra­ Class '40 didn't laugh. Class '40 knew they tion in First year determined to win all the weren't funny. With this brief reference I must scholarships available. Those who have kept their leave the great field of art known as the drama, ears turned to professors, their eyes on books, for during the four whole years it was not for their noses to the grindstone and their backs to unhallowed hands such as mine to touch it more the wall. Must I speak for them? It is impos­ intimately. sible, because they have yet to speak for them­ In the field of forensic furore-we blush (col­ selves, so I don't know what they would say. lectively of course) when we remember that in Possibly such phenomenal contortionists are only our Sophomore year, two of our saucy swains to be seen-not heard. won the trophy by calling the Theologs names, and Then there are those whom we met only the rest of us have had the audacity to keep that occasionally, when the whirl of extra-curricular emblem of our youthful insolence ever since! activities slowed down. Some of the boys majored But what of the college itself-I am presuming in Manitoban. Must I speak for them? Impossible of course that the institution does exist for activi­ for they were not in class often enough for the ties other than those termed 'extra'. Our Senior rest of us to become well-acquainted with them. Stick in a recent address emphasized the spirit Perhaps succeeding classes will enjoy the full of our college as being its distinctive feature. benefit of their acquaintance. At this time I would mention its physical atmos­ phere. No other college in Whatever I do say will only be one valedictory Canada could possibly have an atmosphere like of many. Every member of Class '40 as he that of United. On those rare mornings when approaches the time to leave college has indulged we arrive on time for a 'nine o'clock', I swear, yes in reminiscences and has evaluated for himself I believe I have actually sworn at times, that the the experiences of the past few years. What I carbon dioxide exhalations of the first student say, will, I hope be a cross-section of those many of 1877 assail our personal valedictions. nostrils. Could one fail to be impressed by such an atmosphere as that? Could one fail to carry I suppose every graduating class con;iders something of it throughout life? We think not. itself unique, every class is. The Valedictorians In all seriousness, we might even of some classes have retailed say high, long accounts of yes very high seriousness the achievements our College has an of their class. The modesty of atmosphere, and one, not physical which has (' Class '40 forbids such a eulogy. We could of impressed us and of which we are deeply appreci- " 20 -"" I, Senior year under the shadow of war. We gradu­ n ate into war. Naturally we are confused. We were intro­ "'" duced to and accepted the precepts of a great liberal tradition here at college but during those J very years we have seen one nation follow another in their rejection of it. Now we see the pitiable MEADOWS ON"BEHALF OF CLASS'. '40 lIOspectacle in our own country of supposedly liberal leaders, becoming so solicitous for our freedom that they must take it from us for safe keeping. ative. Actually, the college and the faculty, for We are confused. us, are one, so our relationship is a personal one. Some of us naively hoped that college would We appreciate the way in which we have been give us some answers-we have not been alto­ led in a spirit of kindly comradeship in search gether disappointed. Our study of philosophy has of the finest in this world. We appreciate the .e taught us one thing-No, for some it taught more creation-by our Principal and his associates, of n for their were two intellectuals of Class '40 who an atmosphere of intellectual freedom and in­ 'e early gave up searching out the 'isness' of the 'was' tegrity in which we have felt ourselves grow and in the expanses of infinity and mixing cosmetics develop. We appreciate the leadership we have with cosmology they gave up infinity and found been given toward the development of a larger 10 affinity much closer home! But to continue­ vision, of broader sympathies and of more critical y philosophy has taught us the necessity to faith­ minds. The extent of our appreciation of these y but in what is our faith to be placed? Some of us, things has already veen voiced by our Lady Stick. st even some who are destined for Holy Orders feel In this atmosphere we have attained a balance in that organised religion has betrayed the tradition our thinking. We have been brought in touch and-the spirit in which it nurtured us. We were with a great liberal tradition of toleration-our taught to equate Christianity with Pacifism. Now rightful heritage. We have learned a spirit of we learn that it is not so. good natured give and take, of live and let live. 1- We have been given a new point of reference for We learned that our preceding generation went n all our thinking-our college has made us pecu­ on a useless crusade. Now we are asked to defend IS liarly Canadian. But not Canadians whose vision the faith. Weare confused. Those of you who .d Is narrowed by the myopia of nationalism, for the are older may about face more easily. You were it tradition which we have inherited and learned born in a different world; one which had moorings to call our own is one which transcends national and had different values. We have never known Ig boundaries and belongs to all humanity. Our such a one. We are confused. i- social consciousness has been awakened to the Last week at our Athletic Banquet we heard ir larger needs of associative living; we have be­ that as Freshmen we came to college disintegrated, it come citizens of the world. purposeless persons-like so much twisted scrap e. ,- ~ost of us who are members of Class of '40 iron. In Fourth Year we supposedly graduate, were born during the period of a great World integrated, purposeful personalities with plenty .y War. Our childhood years were those fatuous of scrap and iron. If this is the usual picture of 'n twenties when the world, in abnormal ways, the college process, then we are sorry for Class sought normalcy. We grew up during the war­ '40 does not conform. There have been I suppose re reaction. years. We were nurtured on peace classes who graduated with some unique sense le propaganda and a misconception of the League of mission, to go out from college to build a new ir of Nations. As adolescents.we witnessed the and better world. Our class is not such a one. If :h Market Crash through. the chaos of which the there is one point upon which there is some 'Y world passed from the false idealism of those degree of unanimity among us, it is our lack of It. fatuous twenties to the great depression of the interest in any and all Crusades. We would rather h, futile thirties. We entered college while watch­ have the chance to live fully and well in this world In ing a world lose faith in collective security in the than the opportunity to remake it. Provided that is face of brutal aggression. We entered our Junior opportunity we would not know how to proceed. i- year in the shadow of Munich. We entered our (Continued on Page 27)

21 INTERFACULTY RUGBY CHAMPIONS

W. Bartholomew H. Slayen E. Oldershaw D. Powell B. Moyse G. Klein A. Avery E. Brown H. MacKerracher J. Egerton D. Chatto L. Jones S. Mooney D. Roy L. Campbell A. McGaw J. Iverson (co-captain) 22 INTERFACULTY TRACK CHAMPIONS Sitting-H. Lazaruk, L. Reid, K. McGirr, Jean Norwell, T. Farmer, A. Vincent, P. Stirling. Standing-s-D. Thompson, C. Mann. L. Peto, L. Campbell, E. McEwen, W. Davis, G. Wood, J. Tucker, L. Cohen, M. Dempsey.

WOMEN'S CURLING CHAMPIONS Back Row - Vivian Beamish, Elinor Mc­ Knight. Front Row-Isabel Stew­ art, Mary Kent.

SENIOR SOCCER CHAMPIONS Back Row - H..Duck­ worth, W. Zabalotny, W. Bartholomew, L. .Campbell, F. Christie, H. Meadows, C. Mc­ Kinnon, E. McEwen. Front Row - D. Brown, L. Blackman, D. Pow­ ell, A. Eustace, B. Brought, M. Dempsey. DRAMATIC SOCIETY

Front Row-Morten Parker, Doreen Richmond, Kay Sutton, Prof. A. L. Phelps, Kay McGirr (President), Ellinor Woodside, Roger Graham.

Second Row - Frances Goffman, Audrey Peach, Joyce Griffin, Al­ berta Shearer, Doris Scanes, Neill Currie.

Third Row - Al Livingstone, Jack AI Livingstone, Jack Tucker, Elliott MacDonald.

"VOX"

Front Row - Donalda McDonald, Earle Beattie (Editor), Dr.A. R. M. Lower, David Cottingham, Fern Bartlett.

Second Row-Edythe Mindell, Doug­ las Best, Dora Brown, Bob Moyse, Don Pratt, Kay McGirr, Marshall Crowe.

ATHLETIC COUNCIL

Front Row - Al Livingstone, Mary AI Livingstone, Mary Kent, Jean Norwell, Fred Davis (pres.), Isabel Stewart, Kay Mc­ Girr, Prof. A. R. Cragg.

Second Row-Ernie McEwen, Lois Reade, Irene Kentner, Lois Nu­ gent, Helen Tingley, Betty Mc­ Eown.

Back Row-Bill Powell, Jim Nicol, Murray Dempsey, Lorne Campbell Lome Campbell, Don Welch, Bruce Watson, George Eakins, Len Muirhead. SOCIAL COMMITTEE SOCIAL COMMITrEE

Front Row-Donalda McDonald, Don Welch (pres.), Dr. Watson Kirk­ connell, Ellinor Woodside, Tom Shortreed.

Back Row-Phyllis Ney, Andy Eustace Andy Eus~ tace, Lois Nugent, David Cotting­ ham, Bill Lemme, Jean Bond, Bill Casselman.

CO-ED EXECUTIVE ~ront Row-Dorothy May, Doreen Richmond, Gud­ run Bjerring (pres.), Al­ berta Shearer, Lois Nu­ gent.

decond Row-Audrey Frid­ finnson, Betty Waugh, Fern Bartlett, Jean Nor­ well, Jean Miller, Beth Wylie.

PICTURES 1}on'16ea "WAITER" M ANY STUDENTS today have comfortable PICTURE FRAMINg savings accounts at The Royal Bank be­ cause they didn't wait till they had $10 or $25 to make a beginning. They started with $1 or • $2 and then added small amounts faithfully whe?ever they had some spare cash. It's a good hablt, one that will return big dividends in the RICHARDSON BROS. future. GALLERIES Students' Accounts Welcome 331 Main Street Phone 96 851 THE ROYAL BANK OF CANADA

25 II THE VOX 1939-40 UNHOLY

THREE II

EARLE BEA'lTIE Editor-in-Chief

DAVID COTTINGHAM Associate Editor

STEVE OTTO EARLE BEATTIE STEVE O'lTO Art Editor

VOX TALKS Four issues of "Vox" have gone to press in another publishing material by the faculty. This year "Vox" college year, the year of 1939-40, an eventful year for the carried an article, "Beyond the War," by P1:t."lcipal world as well as "Vox." And so now "Vox" talks. Graham, and a message in the current issue; an article, Last September we overhauled our beloved quarterly "Italy, the Unreliable," by Dr. D. Masters; an article, in the belief that it was not too sacred to lay hands on. "Why Go to College?", by Dr. V. Leathers, part of a Our object was to make "Vox" a graduate as well as literary debate; and a short essay by Dr. A. L. Wells, undergraduate magazine and to that end "Excuse the Memoirs," as well as Ernie we doubled the page size and increased McEwen's pithy article "Physical Edu­ the circulation from 600 to 2,600. cation." Graduate Material Undergraduate Writings We opened the project with an article, "To encourage the more creative "My Convictions About War," from the writing among the undergraduates" was pen of a distinguished graduate, J. S. our third aim. We opened in the De­ Woodsworth, who was senior stick in cember issue with the prize-winning 1896, and now we close with an essay story in the Chancellor's contest for from Dr. W. J. Rose, Class of '05, of the 1939, "Between the Clocks," by Earle University of London, who writes of Beattie. and in this issue present the "Perennial Poland," a subject on which Chancellor's story for 1940, "The World he is a recognized authority. In between Is Waiting," by David Cottingham, edi­ this impressive opening and closing of tor-elect of "Vox." In this issue also our programme of graduate writings, appears Ellen Hampton's prize-winning we published "Books versus Bombs," essay, "The Maintenance of Free by Charles Clay, Class of '35, literary Speech in Canada," from the competi­ editor of the Winnipeg Free Press; "The tion established this year. Ellen wrote Bookshelf," by Gladys Lougheed; an three poems for "Vox" throughout the article on the United College Graduates' year. John D. Hamilton contributed Association by A. D. Longman and two short stories, Fern Bartlett two Fred Barragar, and a Symposium of poems, with other contributions by graduate opinion as to the effect of war Harry Meadows, Judy Serebrin, Douglas on Canadian letters, music, and drama, Fraser, Harold Karr, Donna McRae, authored respectively by Tom Saunders, Marshall Crowe, Bradford Henderson, Chester Duncan, and Molly Rogers, with Warren Carleton, Douglas Best and J. a summary of the situation by Bert Esek Stewart. Briggs. In this final issue appear Dr. Many of the stories, articles and Rose's article and a poem by Chester poems were illustrated by our redoubt­ Duncan, '34. The editorial work on able artist, Steve Otto, who also pro­ graduate material was performed by vided the four cover pictures, and made Albert Briggs and Alfred Longman, and the linoleum cuts for his work. circulation by Ruth Lowery, Jessie To all these, to our staff, our adver­ Blackwood, and Velma Kelly. tisers and to the staff of the Winnipeg Faculty Writings Saturday Post, we extend our thanks The second aim in our three-point for helping us do an interesting and policy was to continue the practise of instructive job for United College.

26 GRADUATION . . is tke Gommencement Graduation comes at the DAVIDSON end of an educational period, but it is the be­ ginning of a career. STUDIOS In 1873 Rapid Grip and Batten Limited gradu­ ated as engravers; each year with the swift de­ • velopment in engraving Distinctive Portraiture and in all its depart­ Developing and Printing ments, with commercial art and commercial Enlarging Copying photography, RAP ID GRIP and BATI'EN Picture Framing LIMITED have contin­ ued to expand their business and held their position as the "Largest Manufacturers of Printing Plates in the Dominion of Canada." The engravings in this book were manufactured 106! OSBORNE STREET. WINNIPEG in our Winnipeg plant. PHONE 44133

VALEDICTORY before the faculty members here assembled break (Continued from Page 21) down in tears, and the registrar hastens to refund We have certainly lost faith in leaders. We have our fees in an attempt to undo the wrong they found that great men are seldom great. And have done us, allow me to continue-We would finally we have no naive faith in education as a not exchange our experience of the past few years world cure-all. Weare too keenly aware that even if it were possible. It has meant much to. education can be a real disability for getting on us to have had guidance and direction in our in the world, and like good Westerners we do thinking during these kaleidoscopic years. The want to get on. During our college years we world may reject what we know to be true, our scoffed with Matthew Arnold at the common con­ philosophy of a liberal way of life may be tried ception of progress, but we are leaving college by the fierce fires of conflict at home as well as now and few of us have private incomes. abroad. But we are confident that the truths to The world as I have said seems to be rejecting which we have aspired at United College are not the gregt tradition we have come to call our own. temporal, that they will go on though fuehrers. We realize that the pressure of life-of getting little and big try to stamp them out. We have' and spending-will erase much of college from come in contact with things of lasting value and our minds. It may well be that to survive in it will be these above all else which will give us a today's world we will be forced to forget that point of reference during the turbulent years philosophy taught us such names as John Locke ahead. And if we have any part in salvaging and J. S. Mill. While we may remember Septem­ society when the fires of conflict have subsided ber 1938 we may be forced to forget 1688. our experience at United College will greatly Are we the graduating class of 1940 such pes­ facilitate readjustment. simists? It would appear so. We believe that In a spirit of gratitude, then, to you, who are we have every right and reason to be so. But United College, we say, "Au revoir".

27 "Do the girls like Captain Witherspoon7" "Do they? They call him Sweet Copl"

SWEET CAPORAL CIGARETTES "The purest form in which tobacco can be smoked."

28 The Essay published below is the first to win the new Freedom of Speech Competition • By ELLEN HAMPTON established at the University of Manitoba this year. The Maintenance of Free Speech in Canada Free Speech in ~anada

N THE Canada of early 1940 one cannot dis­ The British North America Act, which gives the cuss freedom of speech without considering government power to "make laws for the peace, I the Defence of Canada Regulations. But be­ order, and good government of Canada." Based fore looking into this legislation, it is perhaps on this section is the War Measures Act of 1914, desirable to define terms and trace briefly the which in turn gives authority to the present De­ recent history of free speech in Canada. fence of Canada Regulations, certain sections of which constitute a serious restriction on freedom First of all, what is meant by democracy? The of speech. political economist, E. McC.. Sait, thinks of a democratic country as one where there is man­ It may be thought by Canadians who have a hood or universal suffrage.P But for most of us, tendency to take democracy for granted that free that is only the framework, within which we look speech, in spite of occasional interferences, is pro­ for justice and freedom-particularly freedom of tected by some ancient and inviolable document. speech. Without free speech it is possible for a However, there is nothing in Canadian statutes democratic government to be converted into a resembling the statement of belief in the Ameri­ dictatorship, unhampered by press or public can Declaration of Independence that all men speakers. have "certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." Free speech does not mean absolute license. Our nearest approach to an assertion of our right Liberalism itself sets a limitation: "Liberty con­ to freedom of speech is found in the first clause sists in the power to do anything that does not of The British North America Act, where it is injure others."® And in time of war it is apparent stated that a federal union is desired "with a that people within a country must not be allowed Constitution similar in principle to that of the to act on behalf of the enemy. The Winnipeg United Kingdom." It is probably safe to say that Free Press makes what appears to be the proper the Fathers of Confederation had the right of free distinction between "Espionage, sabotage, direct speech in mind as one of the principles of the pressure brought by one individual upon another dispersed English Constitution; but no statement to prevent him doing something valuable or to to that effect is made in the document. persuade him to perform some disservice to the Turning to a consideration of free speech in state" and the mere expression of opinion.w In recent times, it is interesting at the start to see other words, restraint should not be carried to the what restraints were considered necessary during point where it threatens the democratic liberties the last war. From 1914 to 1917 defence measures for which Canadians are fighting overseas. appeared in the form of Orders-in-Council. As a In addition to the two limitations on free means of simplifying administration, about fifty speech mentioned above, there is always present of these were consolidated into the "Defence of in Canada a potential restraint in section 91 of Canada Order, 1917"; additional orders were sub­ sequently added up to the end of the war. Section

30 been forgotten, and it may therefore be assumed Section 39 forbids spreading reports or mak­ that the Act will eventually be dropped quietly ing statements intended or likely to spread dis­ from the books. affection to His Majesty or to be prejudicial to the Discussion of the "Padlock Law" brings us military organization, the safety of the state, or the down to the outbreak of the present war and the efficient prosecution of the war. Section 39A ex­ much-discussed Defence of Canada Regulations. tends this regulation to the making and distribut­ These were proclaimed on 3rd September, 1939, ing of literature of the same prejudicial nature. but they actually had their beginning in March, On 19th January, 1940, section 39B was made 1938, when an inter-departmental committee was law. According to Part I of this regulation, in given the task of deciding what special legislation order to prosecute under sections 39 and 39A the would be required if war broke out. The com­ consent of counsel representing the Attorney­ mittee submitted its findings in July, 1939, in the General of Canada or of the province must be form of 64 orders which make up the Defence of obtained. Section 39B (2) states that it shall be Canada Regulations. e. defence to prove that the accused person "in­ tended in good faith merely to criticize or to When the committee referred these orders to point out errors or defects in," the governments the government, attention was drawn to the of Canada or the administration of justice. necessity "for the Cabinet to consider whether Section 39B might seem to safeguard free such wide power should be assumed by the speech, but in fact it does not do so. If it were Executive," the particular reference being to considered too difficult to convict under this sec­ Regulations 21 and 22. tion an individual who was criticizing the govern­ Regulation No. 21 is in effect a repeal of ment freely, section 39 might be ignored and Magna Carta, which says: "No freeman shall be action taken under section 21 instead, on the arrested, or detained in prison, ... unless by the grounds that such a person was being "prevented" lawful judgment of his peers and by the laws of from acting in a manner prejudicial to the safety the land." Under Regulation 21 the Minister of of the state. Therefore, while 39B is a curb on Justice may, if he considers it necessary to "pre­ 39 and 39A, there is nothing in it to prevent a vent" any person from acting in such a way as to free-speaking individual from being arrested prejudice public safety or the safety of the state, quietly under section 21 and put in prison for an issue an order for the arrest and imprisonment indefinite period. of such person; it is not necessary to lay a charge, Other Defence of Canada Regulations which nor do the police need a warrant; and the Minister limit freedom of speech are Nos. 9 to 14, which of Justice is not required to report to Parliament make it possible for the Government to control on his actions. The safeguards in Regulation 22 all means of communication and to enforce cen­ for appeals depend too much on the official re­ sorship. Under Regulation No. 15 a newspaper sponsible for the arrest to be an adequate defence may be compelled to refrain from going into for the individual. print. Thus it would be possible for a newspaper In England the regulation on this point was which was putting up a strong fight for the changed at the time of the revision of the British country's liberties to be suppressed, making it Defence Regulations--29th November, 1939-so that much easier to enforce severe measures that now the Secretary of State must report to against freedom of speech. both Houses of Parliament at least once a month The Censorship Regulations are very sweeping on the number of people imprisoned and the in their definition of "prohibited matter," includ­ number of times he went against the opinion of his ing "any adverse or unfavorable statement, report advisory committee in deciding a case. or opinion likely to prejudice the defence of Can­ In Canada, however, section 21 was not revised ada or the official prosecution of the war." This on 11th January, 1940, the date on which sections prohibited matter must not be communicated in 39,58, and 62 were altered. The most satisfactory any way, or even be in the possession of the in­ feature of this partial revision is that it revokes dividual. Part III sets a maximum fine of $5,000 paragraph 2 of section 58, thus making it neces­ or imprisonment for five years. It is apparent sary for police to have a warrant from a justice that an extreme government could suppress any of the peace, issued under oath, in order to search individual who showed an inclination to disagree buildings and their occupants. with its policies by taking action under the Cen- I

31 II1II sorship Regulations; the legal apparatus is at hand the misguided people who distribute a pamphlet to put him in prison for five years for no worse and allowing the organization which acknowledges crime than owning a book of doubtful sentiment. printing it to take part in a Dominion election. By far the greatest number of convictions What is the attitude of the government regard­ under the Defence of Canada Regulations have ing these severe restrictions on freedom of speech? been in Ontario, as a result of the distribution of In response to a letter of protest from a group of two Communist pamphlets. The first of these, Ontario citizens early in February, the leaders of "The People Want Peace," made its appearance the Liberal, Conservative, and C.C.F. Parties in November. The second appeared in February, agreed that the Regulations should be put before and contains the manifesto of the Communist a parliamentary committee. The Rt. Hon. Ernest Party for the Dominion election. Its slogan is: Lapointe stated in Winnipeg on 28th February, "Vote Communist, Vote for Peace, Speed the End 1940, that they would be considered by a com­ of the Slaughter to Save Canada from Catas­ mittee of Parliament at the next session if the trophe." Liberal Party were returned to power, and that It is not an easy matter to arrive at justice in a changes would be made if deemed necessary. case of this sort. Canada is at war with Germany, However, this promise is not as reassuring as it and although Russia has no formal alliance with might be, in view of Mr. Lapointe's ardent defence. Germany, it co-operates with that country rather of the Regulations and their administration in a than. with the Allies. Also, Russia has a form of speech made on the preceding evening. government entirely opposed to the democratic In that speech, the Minister of Justice main­ type of government in Canada. The Communist tained that the Defence of Canada Regulations Party in Canada has demonstrated that its policies are necessary in order to deal with the members are not directed by the good of Canada, but follow of organizations in Canada who are under orders the ambitions of Russia, since it has almost auto­ to hinder Canada's war effort. However, since matically about-faced from its September horror 1215 a British subject has been entitled to a at Germany's aggression in Poland. Therefore, it proper trial by his peers. If he cannot be con­ would not be far-fetched to say that in this war victed under such circumstances, the Communist there is a pos­ Party of Canada appears to be an sibility that he is innocent. enemy of the Canadian people. The restrictions on freedom of speech cannot On the other hand, the Communists have be defended logically. If only a small minority of never been able to get a large representation in Canadians disagree with the Government's prose­ Canadian government, since the vast majority of cution of the war, the restraint on freedom of Canadians refuse to vote for them. As long as the speech is unnecessary, and uncomplimentary in Communist Party puts out its pamphlets under its implication that Canadians might be led into its own name, there seems little need to suppress revolt by the talk of a few extremists. On the them, because people who read them at all-un­ other hand, if the majority of Canadians are not less they belong to the small minority of Com­ in favor of the Government's methods, it has no munists-will be repelled by their Moscow flavor. right to suppress their objections, because in a The reason why the Communist Party should democratic country the legislature is supposed to be allowed to distribute its ineffectual literature reflect the will of the majority of the people, who is not that this organization should be encour­ put it in power for that purpose. aged; but rather that, in order to suppress its The restraint on free speech in Canada carries activities, it is apparently necessary to have Regu­ with it a threat in the strength of the prime lations in force which are a grave threat against ministership. If a man with the dictator tempera­ the liberties of all Canadian citizens. If the Com­ ment should assume the office while the Defence munist Party itself is judged to be a serious danger of Canada Regulations are in effect, the result to Canada's war effort from outside the country, might conceivably be the end of democracy in the organization should be broken up by legal this country. In the "Toronto News" of 28th methods; there is little consistency in arresting November, 1905,@ the following statement was made: "Controlling an enormous @ ® Pages 121 and 125, "Constitutional patronage, able Issues in Canada" to influence 1900-1931, Robert MacGregor Dawson; Oxford Uni­ the fortunes of almost every legislator versity Press, 1933. in his following, concentrating in his hands execu- 32 tive and legislative power, the Premier exercises disputed the textbook description of the Battle of a real authority which is greater than that of the Jutland. His father had been in the battle and President of the United States or any modern had told him about it. The boy received a whip­ king." (There were more kings in 1905 than there ping. And something infinitely worse-as the are now!) One of the strongest weapons in the teacher told me later, 'We have marked it down hands of the Prime Minister is found in Privy in his Party Record.' " Council Minute 1639 for July 19, 1920: "4. The It would be foolish to deny that there is occa­ following recommendations are the special pre­ sional restraint on the freedom of speech of rogative of the Prime Minister: Dissolution and teachers in Canada, exercised by over-zealous Convocation of Parliament."® When one considers trustees; but where is the Canadian schoolboy the expense to which the not very wealthy mem­ who can truthfully say he has received a mark bers of the House of Commons are put when they which will stand against him as long as he lives, have to run for an election, with the fear of fur­ for no worse crime than trying to correct a state­ ther loss if they are not re-elected, it is realized ment in a textbook? what constraint is placed upon them not to drive What truths can be discovered in any field of the Prime Minister to the point of dissolving Par­ knowledge if the scholar must first ask: "Sup­ liament by their objections to his wishes. posing this research turns out in such and such a If one thinks of an office with such power be­ way, will it agree with the principles of the ing held by a man like Huey Long under present Creed?" When a country reaches that state, men circumstances, the possibilities are startling. It like Einstein and Thomas Mann seek shelter in a cannot be denied that there is at least a possibility country where of such a man coming to the front in troubled "girt with friends or foes times; the type has already made its appearance in A man may speak the thing he will." It is only with the realization of what restraint both Dominion and Provincial governments. on freedom of speech can mean that one appre­ Supposing those who say "it can't happen here" ciates the truth of such a remark as the following: should one day be surprised to find a dictator "Nothing is more vital to national progress than running Canada: what would be the position of the spontaneous development of individual char­ free speech? Perhaps this question can be acter, and that freer play of intellect which is answered best by seeing what has happened in independent of current prejudice, examines every­ Germany. Nora Waln Nora WaIn, ® reporting on her residencething by the light of reason and history, and fear­ in Germany for several years following the 1934 lessly defends unpopular opinions."® Purge, has interesting information on this point. It would be a mistake to assume that no efforts One of the people to whom she talked was a are being made to secure the maintenance of free school teacher in his fifties, who had lived through speech in Canada. The Canadian Forum and the "intellectual freedom and absolutism in govern­ Winnipeg Free Press, for example, have waged a ment" under the Kaiser and complete license un­ constant fight against attempts to repress free der the republic, and who now found it difficult speech, whether by section 98, the Defence of to meet the requirements of the Nazis. The latter Canada Regulations, or by undemocratic officials complained that the new students were not given at various places. There are also two Canadian to thinking, and recommended that they be taught societies which keep a watchful eye on the rights more from Goethe and Schiller; but the teacher of the individual. These are the Canadian Civil found it impossible, as he said, "to teach much Liberties Union (with branches in Montreal, from any of the writers of the eighteenth and Toronto, and Vancouver), and the League of nineteenth centuries and not contradict the Social Reconstruction. theories of Nazism." In the case of the Defence of Canada Regula­ Frederic Sondern, Jr.,(J) tells of being in a his­ tions, letters of remonstrance were sent to the tory classroom in Germany, "when a boy of 14 Prime Minister by the Trades and Labor Council and from representatives of a local provisional ® "Marching Through the Mulberries," by Nora WaIn; Saturday Evening Post, July 1, 1939. committee on Canadian civil liberties, both in CD "Thousand-Year Reich," by Frederic Sondem, Jr.; The Winnipeg. At all times, when democratic ideals Reader's Digest, September, 1939. appear to be threatned, individuals arise to defend ® Page 59, Vol. I, "Modern Democracies," by James Bryce; The MacMillan ce., New York, 1929. their traditional rights. A good example of this is 33 I the group of Ontario citizens who wrote to the the face of a constant belittling of everything party leaders at Ottawa, as described earlier in this Canadian? essay. There are also Canadian groups of European Scattered opposition of this kind makes it ap­ origin who have little conception of Canada as parent that Canadians are not entirely unaware their home country. The fault lies not so much of the value of freedom of speech. The chief with them as with a system which allows them to difficulty is summed up by James Bryce:(!) "Most become naturalized Canadians when they can of these (Canadian) cities are of recent growth, barely speak English. Contrast this with the and in each of them the number of persons quali­ American practice, which makes it necessary for fied to form and guide opinion is not large." a newcomer not only to have a reasonable grasp The one obvious need is for an alert public of English before becoming a citizen, but to under­ with a sense of civic responsibility and a habit of stand the working of American government and showering newspapers and government repre­ to have some idea of the meaning of democracy. sentatives with protests whenever there is an The difference in results is only too obvious: in attempt to interfere with the democratic liberties. the United States, thanks to the strict require­ Of course, the modern response to such a state­ ments to be fulfilled before becoming an American ment is a cynical denial that public inertia can be citizen, and to the teaching of patriotism to chil­ overcome. But the crowd has been led only too dren, they have Americans; in Canada we have successfully in totalitarian states; why ridicule the an assortment of nationalities, too many of them possibilities of guidance in the opposite direction bound to the old world rather than the new. Many in democratic Canada? of these people-particularly from Central Europe There are many obstacles in the way of those -fall an easy pray to Communism simply because who would. like to bring into being a vigilant not enough effort is devoted to making them public opinion. One of the most serious is the understand and care for the kind of government nationality question. One-third of the population we have. Communism is the excuse used by re­ -the only true Canadians, as they are not un­ actionaries to justify repressive legislation; if the deservedly called-are French-speaking, and are Party could be deprived of its chief source of cut off.from the rest of the country by differences membership, the excuse would become too flimsy of religion and outlook on life as well as language. to gain credence. While this difficulty would not be insuperable if The objection may be raised that, aside from it were not aggravated by political opportunists, those who turn their eyes to their homelands, il is a very real obstacle to the forming of a their remain a large number of Canadian-born country-wide opinion. citizens who display a profound lack of interest in Another obstacle is found among those of Brit­ Canada and her institutions. Their cynicism and ish birth or descent who can never regard Can­ apathy are reflected in an average vote of 60 to 65 ada with anything but amused toleration as a per cent.@ Probably nothing short of reform of rather unimportant appendage of the British Em­ the patronage system would do away with public pire. Affection for the Mother Country and her cynicism. But there should be a way to arouse greatest old traditions is a fine thing; but it is the interest of people in the government's pro­ carried too far when it leads to a widespread ceedings. Perhaps something like the Gallup poll tendency to think of Canada as a colony rather would be effective. In the United States this de­ than the nation which in fact it is. Unfortunately, vice, which has shown itself to possess almost most people do not build up a love for anything perfect accuracy, is taken seriously at Washing­ so vague as "democracy"-it must be an affection­ ton.@ It is possible that reliable polls of opinion in ate patriotism for a country where democracy Canada would not only arouse public interest, but exists. How can this feeling grow for Canada in serve as a check on the government in making such legislation as section 98 of the Criminal Code (!) Page 490, Vol I, "Modern Democracies," by James and section 21 of the Defence of Canada Regula­ Bryce; The MacMillan Co., New York, 1929. tions. @ "To the Polls, My Friends," B.T.R.; Winnipeg Free Press, 21st February, 1940. Another obstacle in the way of the mainten­ @ "Democracy's New Mirror," The Reader's Digest, Jan­ uary, 1940. Originally appeared in The Forum for ance of free speech in Canada is a system of edu­ January, 1940. (Continued on Page 37)

34 Song for Canadian Artists Song By CHESTER DUNCAN for CanadianBy CHESTER~rtistsDUNCAN

Your fault is imitation, . What was thought of as good a hundred years ago, And in another country. You've discosered that it's useless to deny the past, So you worship it instead In this department.

I'm afraid you'll have to learn something about sincerity, About looking steadily and clearly at an object Until it walks. Come off it then, enough of The dirty snobbery of Boston's graces Irrelevantly yours!- The sixteen rules for conduct, The filtered manners of an era's dead Tending an English garden, The desperate attempt to be civilized . 1n savage areas. How about acknowledging with civility the stuff That is with us daily But which you choose to ignore With a chaste and naive idealism?­ The tough dirty job of the soil, The Western heartbreak, the beginner's pluck; The pathos of the offices, Courage going to work; The sensitive reaction of the most honest respectability To a reduced income; all the Lovely efflorescence of hospitality; The drama of health: Even, the high-school lyricism, Natural and unholy cheek. The talent and eyes of our youth; What a person will do for the person He loves, lacking stage-presence And an adequate vocabulary. You know damn well this Has nothing to do with Little Theatres, Study Clubs, Societies for the Cultivation of Poetry. Quit talking then about Art The aesthetics of this and that; Look at yourself And weep. For God's sake please Give your mind and body their Birth­ Right now. 35 PROFESSOR WATSON KIRKCONNELL Professor Kirkconnell is leaving United College, after eighteen years, to take over a position as head of the English department of McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. The student body regret losing a friend and instructor, but wish him every success in his new position, which he is so eminently qualified to fill. The following is a tribute by one of "Kirk's" former students:

P EAK ING as a student, connell has always been aware and I was one of the worst of the difficulties of those who S Latin scholars that "Kirk" are not so inclined. He sets an ever was afflicted with, I can example himself, teaches the say that his classes were among courses brilliantly and clearly, the richer experiences of uni­ but further than that he does versity life. A class with Pro­ not go. fessor Kirkconnell is not mere­ One factor of his character is ly a Latin class. It is invariably significant. Since the outbreak a fascinating lecture in econ­ of war last September, Profes­ omics, history, literature, ethics, sor Kirkconnell has unceasing­ geography-all garnished with ly advocated tolerance and un­ illustrative anecdotes of the derstanding for the new Cana­ numerous countries he has dian. In close touch with their visited. thinking, he understands as few His feats on the campus, as a men do the problem of subver­ friendly adviser in student acti­ sive activities, and he strives for vities, are as legion as his aca­ sane treatment of these prob­ demic accomplishments. As a lems. master of ceremonies at ban­ VITAL STATISTICS Watson Kirkconnell, man of quets, "Kirk" has few equals, Watson Kirkconnell, M.A. (Queen's), letters, Canadian citizen, will be especially in the much maligned F.R.S.C., F.R. Hist. S.; Chevalier, Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland); Hon. Fellow, missed at United College. Hun­ art of punning. He will be re­ Icelandic Society of Letters (Reykjavik); dreds of students whom he was membered, too, for his witty ad­ Laureate, Polish Academy of Literature (Warsaw); Laureate, French Historic In­ always willing to help, and for judications at Stunt Nite when stitute (Paris); Hon. Fellow, Petofi Society whom he worked unceasingly awarding the tin cup, or when (Budapest); Corr. Fellow, Kisfaludy Insti­ on numerous committees and judging a student debate. "Vox" tute (Budapest); lecturer in classics, United College, 1926-33; professor of classics, 1933­ clubs; professors with whom he has had creative work and 40; lecturer in English, 1922-23; assistant associated; the general public of translations from his pen. When professor, 1924-30; professor, 1930-33. Pub­ lications: "Kapaskasing, An Historical Winnipeg, to whom he is a sym­ special occasions such as the Sketch," 1921; "Victoria County Centen­ bol of scholarly industry; the college jubilee needed poetic nial History," 1921; "International Aspects tributes Dr. Kirkconnell was al­ of Unemployment," 1923; "An Outline of new Canadians of Western Can­ ways on hand, most recent of European Poetry," 1927; "European Ele­ ada for whom he has done so gies," 1928; "The European Heritage," 1930; much-all these will miss him. which was a lyric to "Here's to "The Tide of Life," 1930; "Canada to Ice­ Old United," the new college land," 1930; "A Magyar Miscellany," 1931; He goes forward to new fields. song. These and other contacts "The Magyar Muse," 1933; "The Eternal Wherever he goes, whatever he Quest," 1934; "Polish Miscellany," 1935; with his students have served "Canadian Overtones," 1935; "A Canadian teaches, whether it be history, to make him a comrade-instruc­ Headmaster," 1935; "Golden Treasury of economics, or any of the many tor. Polish Lyrics," 1936; "The Death of King languages in which he is an Buda" (from Hungarian); "Primer of Hun­ authority, he will enrich the He is a great joker. Not hilar­ garian," 1937-38; "Manitoba Tales," 1938; ious humour-usually his hum­ also upwards of two hundred articles and lives of his associates. our consists of subtle witticisms papers in the various Canadian reviews Culture, intelligence, cour­ difficult to appreciate. He is im­ and quarterlies. tesy, humanity, are in this man. mensely tolerant. University Born, 1895, in Port Hope, Ontario; son In times of hatred and stress with him is an institution for of Thomas Kirkconnell, B.A., LL.D. Edu­ he is needed to carryon the cated at Port Hope, Lindsay Collegiate and those who wish to learn. As Queen's University. Fellowship to Lincoln fight for democracy. We know such, he believes it is useless to College, Oxford, 1921. During the war he his voice will continue to be cram knowledge down unwill­ served for three years as adjutant and strong in influencing men to­ ing throats. A conscientious stu­ paymaster in Ontario. wards sanity and tolerance. . dent himself, Professor Kirk- -J.D.H. 36 The marriage of Helen Margaret Mac­ Kay, '35, and Donald C. Brooking, took ALUMNI NOTES place in St. Andrew's Church on April 4. • • • Rev. George McNeill, '29, of Roland, At the first annual meeting and din­ Lieut.-Col. Percy C. Tees, '14, of Van­ Man., has been appointed military chap­ ner of the United College Graduates' couver, recently visited Winnipeg. He lain with the rank of captain, and is Association, held in Convocation Hall is now serving with the Royal Canadian now serving at Shilo Camp. on June 5, a new executive council was Artillery. Following a year in England chosen, following the adoption of a con­ as an exchange teacher, he spent some ••• stitution for the association. The per­ time cycling on the continent and sub­ It was indeed a United College wed­ sonnel is as follows: Honorary presi­ sequently took a course of special train­ ding that was held in Chalmers United dents, Principal W. C. Graham. Presi­ ing with the Royal Artillery. Church on the afternoon of March 20, dent Sidney E. Smith, Dr. J. H. Riddell, with Dorothy Jean Jones, '36, as the Dr. A. B. Baird; president, J. Fletcher •• • bride, Russell Claire Cosgrove, '36, as Campbell, '11; vice-president, Dwight Rev. P. N. Murray, '12, of Treherne, the bridegroom, Rev. G. D. Wilkie, '33, N. Ridd, '20; past president.' Fred D. Man.. was elected president of the Uni­ the officiating clergyman, and Roderick Baragar, '14; secretary-treasurer, A. D. ted Church conference, at the opening Hunter, '37, and Graham Wallace, '34, as Longman, '24; elected members, Mrs. of its annual session, held in Knox ushers. G. L. Lennox (Gertrude Henry. '00), Church, Winnipeg, June 3 to 7. •** Mrs. Arthur Hoole (Freda Porter, '35), On June 1, Margaret Cowan Lough E. W. Lowery, '14. Donald C. McGavin, ••• was married to Edward Ross Ransby, '36, Rev. Lloyd Stinson. '30. Other mem­ A daughter, Brenda Louise, was born '35. bers are B. C. Parker, '07, representative to W. G. Clarke and Mrs. Clarke (Ruth • •• of the board of regents; J. D. Murray, Armstrong, '31), of Wynyard, Sask., on Dorothy H. Claydon, '36, was married '25, the faculty; president of the Alum­ April 19. on June 15 to Errol W. Cummings, of nae Association, Norma R Law, '37; the •** Gods Lake, Man. Senior Stick, W. Roger Graham, '41; the A daughter, Margo Anne, was born ••• Lady Stick, J. Doreen Richmond, '41. to Norman N. Penney and Mrs. Penney Freda M. Porter, lady stick of 1934­ (Beth Carpenter, '34), in Toronto, on 35, was married on May 15 to Lieut. Addresses were given by Principal W. March 10. A. H. Hoole, RC.A., C.A.S.F., Kingston, C. Graham, Mr. B. C. Parker and Dr. Onto George Dorey. An important resolution •*• A son, Frank Caldwell, was born to • • • was unanimously passed, providing for Many graduates learned with the "forming and carrying into effect of Charles W. Johnson, '28, and Mrs. John­ son, at Virden, Man., on January 22. regret of the death of Rev. E. plans for the canvassing of graduates Howard Smith, at Stonewall, for financial assistance to the college." •• • Man., on April 20. Mr. Smith was ••• Irene Donna, born on April 19, is the until his illness, pastor of the Norma R Law, '37, was elected presi­ daughter of Rev. Kenneth A. McKillop, United Church at Killarney, Man. dent of the United College Alumnae '32, and Mrs. McKillop (Bertha Wain­ He came to Canada from Wilt­ Association at its annual meeting held wright, 34), of Roblin, Man. shire, England, in 1907, grad­ after a dinner in Sparling Hall on May uated from Wesley College in 1910 20. Other members of the slate are: •• • and subsequently held pastorates Honorary presidents, Mrs. W. C. Gra­ Leona Joan is the infant daughter of in Winnipeg and rural Manitoba. ham, Mrs. J. H. Riddell, Miss E. D. Rev. C. S. Matchett, '28, and Mrs. His daughter, Norine, graduated Bowes; vice-president, Janet Storey, Matchett (Leona Rothwell, '28), and from United College in 1939. '38; secretary, Evelyn Ross, '31; treas­ will have her birthday parties on May 23. ••• urer, Nadine Lush, '33; committee, Gud­ A son, Robert O'Neill, was born to run Bjerring, '40, Margaret Gemmel, ••• Lieutenant Robert J. W. Lyons, '26, and '37, Isley-Ruth Black, '36, Alice Pater­ The marriage of Grace W. Gordon, lady stick of 1929-30, to George E. Mrs. Lyons (Ada O'Neill, '26), on June son, '35, and Evelyn Mills, '22. 14. • •• Weightman, took place on March 16. Lawrence A. Swyers, '31, and Harry ••• The marriage of••* Miss Kathleen Rich- E. Duckworth, '35, of the college staff, Laura W. Riddell, '24, who spent ardson, lady stick of class '36, to Rev. left on June 16 for the University of several years at the University of Lon­ George Elliot Bolton, '36, was an event Chicago, where they will continue their don, is now serving with the British of Saturday, June 22, at Westminster post-graduate studies. Ministry of Information. United Church.

FREE SPEECH (Continued from Page 34) It is clear that the maintenance of democracy cation which can take charge of an individual for and its inseparable companion, freedom of speech, anywhere from eight to fifteen years without mak­ can be ensured only if the great majority of Cana­ ing a point of explaining what democracy means dians can be made aware of their responsibility. -and what the lack of it can mean, as illustrated It lies with the few who are prepared to work for in these bitter days. A vigilant love for the bene­ this end to decide whether the means will be as fits of democratic government is not inherited; in most cases it does not exist because it has not been fantastic as the Gallup poll, or as fundamental as taught. If Hitler and Mussolini can turn children a change in the educational system. The immed­ into automata, it is difficult to see why Canada iate necessity is apparently for organization and a cannot train her yourtg people to appreciate their decision as to the first slow steps to be taken in an democracy-it is a greater gift than dictators can inevitably long and difficult journey to a new offer in their schools. Canada.

37 DELICIDU5 ~~\:r£O ~\\..~ IT'5 DIFFERENT ~ei\\\Oli~ 1"£ a£Sl t"OC.O\.~"£ toA~OE

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•

38 THE WORLD IS WAITING When Terry and Rusty came up the street (Continued from Page 12) from the direction of the railroad tracks, they had after a while he cut in on Wilma Hawkes. Wilma old Jack with them. Jack was leaning on Rusty's talked as they danced. She always talked. Wilma arm and talking madly about what war was like talked as if she had just returned from some and how they had lice in the trenches, He was wonderful place and had such a short while to almost crying, slobbering drunkenly and holding tell about it. tight to Rusty's shoulder. "You're a good boy, "My," she gasped, "I think you'd look simply Rusty. Don't never join the army. You don't get fascinating in a uniform." nawthing for it, nawthing." When they got him into the front seat he fell "Oh, you do," he said. asleep right away and Rusty put the auto robe "Oh, yes, you're so tall and tall people always over him. look simply grand in uniforms. I was telling Wilf Rusty and Terry had two girls with them, that I thought he'd look simply stunning in a waitresses from the cafe across the street, but uniform. You know, he's so tall and well-built and Fred didn't know what their names were. The all that. Wilf says he's going to join the Air Force four of them crowded into the back seat, and as soon as the war starts. I think there really is Rusty said, "Jack sure was roaring when we going to be a war this time, don't you?" found him down by the stock-yards. Hope he "I guess so," said Fred. He thought of Janet. gets sobered up in time for work in the morning." Wilma talked steadily. She thought a war Fred pressed the starter and they drove along would be "so terribly exciting," and Fred was glad the dark streets and out on to the highway. In when Wilf cut in on them. He went back to dance front of them and to the left of the road, was the with Janet. moon, with only half of its pale disc showing above The laughter and the low-voiced excitement the ragged edge of the line of trees. The night was revolved slowly with the kaleidoscope and soon almost gone. the band was playing "The world is waiting for "When does college start?" the sunrise," and the dance was over. "September the eighteenth," said Rusty; "about two more weeks and I'll be saying good­ bye to the rest of you country hicks." Fred stopped the car in front of the gaily "Well, maybe your mother'll miss you, Rusty." lighted plate-glass front of Percy's Snack Shop "Benny's pool parlor will have to shut down and he and Janet watched the chattering crowd when you leave," said Fred. from the dance hall filing in for cokes and sand­ They talked about how it would be when wiches. The cafe across the street had closed for Rusty got back from college. Somebody turned the night and the rest of the street was dark on the radio and there was still chamber music except for the street lamps at the intersections. on the air. The sound of a Wurlitzer in action burst inter­ In a little while Fred turned the car off the mittently into the street as the glass doors opened highway and they drove down the rutted road and closed, and all the people they knew called that would lead them eventually to Weble's place. out or waved to them as they went by.• The people in the back seat started singing "The Some of the people came over to the car and world is waiting for the sunrise" and the string talked to them. They wanted to know what was quartette from the radio kept on playing, but no happening in Europe and Fred turned on the one listened to it. Old Jack slept. radio. There was nothing but classical music. They had finished singing when the river was Everyone seemed so excited, anxious, eager, reached and Fred stopped the car, with the head­ and they talked too much and laughed and told lights shining down into the water, while he jokes about Hitler. Main Street was full of people, looked to see which way he would go to get across. tight little knots of people; people clustered under "Listen, hayseed," said Terry. "Think you can the street lamp by the furniture store, people hit it right? Better let me drive." standing on the steps of the Post Office and lining "Sure, sure, I can make it." up on the sidewalk in front of the Snack Shop; all "Keep to the right of that rock there. Then talking and arguing about what was going on in you turn a little bit left," said Terry. Europe. "Sure, I know. Keep your seat."

39 He released the brakes slowly and the car aside by some imperative force. Someone in the rolled down into the river with a great splashing car said "Listen." All of them heard the silence and bouncing. The spray flashed white in the and they heard the faint crackle of static in the beam of the lights. Fred let the clutch in and the loudspeaker. They knew what was coming. motor roared at the touch of his foot, but just as The voice was harsh and metallic; words com­ he turned to the left the car stalled. The starter ing swiftly and ruthlessly: "Europe is at war. whirred impotently. Fighting began early this morning when German "Water on the spark plugs," said Rusty. planes dropped bombs on Polish border towns. "You damn fool," shouted Terry, "you turned It is believed that the stand to be taken by France too soon. Should have let me drive." and Great Britain will be announced later in the "Aw shut up," growled Fred. "Back-seat driv­ day." ing." Silence stayed with those in the car. They He switched out the lights and the sky was heard the water of the river gurgling and slap­ beginning to grow light with the coming dawn. ping under the floor boards. The shoe slipped from Fred's fingers and thudded to the floor. He Rusty said, "Can't sit here all week. We'll looked across at old Jack and saw him sprawled have to take our shoes and socks off and try to under the blanket, sleeping, with his head lolling push it out." back against the window glass. The bayonet scar "Water looks cold," said Terry. "Let's make was a livid gash in the brown old face. the women push us out." There was nothing to say. One of the girls said, "We like it here." The old man was asleep. Fred already had one of his shoes off. "Come They heard the sound of birds awakening in on. Disrobe." He reached over with a shoe in his the trees along the river. hand in an attempt to coerce his brother. Day was coming. Then it happened. They waited. The chamber music had stopped as if thrust *****

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40 THE COLLEGE OF HIGHER STANDARDS FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS We admit into our Day Classes only students of Matriculation and University standing

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For details as to its 1940-41 programme in Arts, Theology, and Collegiate Instruction, write or telephone to United College, Portage Avenue at Balmoral Street, Winnipeg, Telephone 30476. I