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Telematics Framework for Federal Agencies: Lessons from the Marine Corps Fleet Cabell Hodge and Mark Singer National Renewable Energy Laboratory

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Telematics Framework for Federal Agencies: Lessons from the Marine Corps Fleet Cabell Hodge and Mark Singer National Renewable Energy Laboratory Telematics Framework for Federal Agencies: Lessons from the Marine Corps Fleet Cabell Hodge and Mark Singer National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Technical Report NREL/TP-5400-70223 October 2017 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Telematics Framework for Federal Agencies: Lessons from the Marine Corps Fleet Cabell Hodge and Mark Singer National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. FEMP.10960.01.01.09 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/TP-5400-70223 Golden, CO 80401 October 2017 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Available electronically at SciTech Connect http:/www.osti.gov/scitech Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 OSTI http://www.osti.gov Phone: 865.576.8401 Fax: 865.576.5728 Email: [email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Road Alexandria, VA 22312 NTIS http://www.ntis.gov Phone: 800.553.6847 or 703.605.6000 Fax: 703.605.6900 Email: [email protected] Cover Photos by Dennis Schroeder: (left to right) NREL 26173, NREL 18302, NREL 19758, NREL 29642, NREL 19795. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Management Program under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Consultation with fleet managers and others at the U.S. Marine Corps was instrumental to the completion of this report. The authors would like to thank Daniel Robinson, James Gough, Chuck Kurnik, Margo Melendez, Jerry Davis, Karen Guerra, Brenna Thorpe, Matt Sawatzki, Courtney Dupont, Allie Erenbaum, Laura Newberger, Thomas Homan, Brendan Casey, Paul Basola, Marcus Ward, Tony Parker, Jean Pilon-Bignell, Robert Turner, Connor Bell, Timor Brik, Brock Burrows, Ron Cimo, Heidi Blakley, and all the Marine Corps fleet managers who provided anonymous feedback to the survey discussed herein. In addition, the authors would like to thank Jarett Zuboy for his diligence, responsiveness, and attention to detail while editing this report. iii This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. List of Acronyms AFDC Alternative Fuels Data Center AFV Alternative fuel vehicle API Application programming interface APN Access point name AVL Automatic vehicle location BPA Blanket purchase agreement CAN Controller Area Network CNG Compressed natural gas DHS U.S. Department of Homeland Security DOL DriveCam Online DTC Diagnostic trouble code E85 A high-level ethanol blend ECU Engine control unit EO Executive Order FAST Federal Automotive Statistical Tool FedRAMP Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program FMIS Fleet management information system GPS Global positioning system GSA U.S. General Services Administration IMEI International mobile equipment identity NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory OBD On-board diagnostic OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OEM Original equipment manufacturer RMF Risk-management framework VAM Vehicle allocation methodology VMT Vehicle miles traveled iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Executive Summary Executive Order 13693 requires federal agencies to acquire telematics for their light- and medium-duty vehicles as appropriate. This report is intended to help agencies that are deploying telematics systems and seeking to integrate them into their fleet management process. It provides an overview of telematics capabilities, lessons learned from the deployment of telematics in the Marine Corps fleet, and recommendations for federal fleet managers to maximize value from telematics. Because the Marine Corps has about 10 years of experience with fleet telematics, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) solicited feedback from Marine Corps fleet managers to identify best practices and lessons learned. NREL combined this knowledge with research on other telematics applications to provide guidance on how federal agencies can get the most from their telematics systems. The resulting recommendations include the following: • Replicate the Marines Corps’ DRIVESAFE program to promote safe and efficient driving behavior. • Simplify fleet management through automated reporting and maintenance notifications. • Use telematics in the vehicle-acquisition process to pool vehicles, determine where shuttle service could substitute for individual vehicles, or right-size and right-type the fleet in support of the vehicle allocation methodology process. • Consult with information technology teams and experienced fleets regarding cybersecurity requirements. Beyond the Executive Order 13693 requirements to install telematics, telematics can keep personnel safe, increase efficiency, enable fleet managers to concentrate on tasks that are higher priority than reporting, and save the federal government money. If used to their maximum extent, telematics could help fleet managers save more than $2,000 per vehicle each year. v This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Overview of Telematics Systems ........................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Original Equipment Manufacturer, Aftermarket, and Temporary Telematics .............................. 2 2.2 Methods of Data Capture from Telematics ................................................................................... 3 2.2.1 Automatic Vehicle Location ............................................................................................ 3 2.2.2 OBD-II Engine Data and Alternative Sources ................................................................. 4 2.2.3 Video ................................................................................................................................ 5 3 Survey of Marine Corps Fleet Managers ............................................................................................ 5 4 Safety and Driver Efficiency ................................................................................................................ 8 4.1 Marine Corps Safety Program ....................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Driver Safety Applications .......................................................................................................... 10 4.2.1 Distracted Driving .......................................................................................................... 10 4.2.2 Collision Notification ..................................................................................................... 10 4.2.3 Aggressive Driving ........................................................................................................ 11 4.3 Idling ........................................................................................................................................... 12 4.4 Choosing Efficient Vehicles and Reducing Vehicle Miles Traveled .......................................... 13 4.5 Cost Savings Associated with Driver Safety and Fleet Efficiency ............................................. 13 5 Simplifying Fleet Management .......................................................................................................... 15 5.1 Vehicle Utilization ...................................................................................................................... 15 5.2 Maintenance Notifications
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