DOCSLIB.ORG

Ludwig Von Pastor in Österreich

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ludwig Von Pastor in Österreich InternationaleLudwig Tagung von Pastor Colloque international (1854-1928) Universitätsprofessor, Historiker der Päpste, Direktor des Österrei- chischen Historischen Instituts in Rom und Diplomat / professeur, historien des papes, directeur de l’Institut historique autrichien de Rome et diplomate am 22. und 23. Februar 2018 / les 22 et 23 février 2018 Römisches Institut der Görres-Gesellschaft und / et École française de Rome Unter der Schirmherrschaft von / Sous le patronage de S. Em. Christoph Kardinal Schönborn OP Erzbischof von Wien S. Em. Rainer Maria Kardinal Woelki Erzbischof von Köln Arnim Laschet Ministerpräsident des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen Marcel Philipp Oberbürgermeister von Aachen Veranstaltet von / Organisé par Prof. Dr. Andreas Sohn Universität Paris XIII – Sorbonne Paris Cité Prof. em. Dr. Jacques Verger Universität Paris IV – Sorbonne, membre de l’Institut In Zusammenarbeit mit / En coopération avec Römisches Institut der Görres-Gesellschaft École française de Rome m Mittelpunkt der Tagung stehen Leben und Werk des in Aachen geborenen Gelehrten Lud- wig Pastor (1854-1928), der mit Constanze IKaufmann, der Tochter des Bonner Oberbürger meisters Leopold Kaufmann, verheiratet war. Nach dem Ge- schichtsstudium in Löwen, Bonn, Berlin und Wien wurde jener an der Universität Graz promoviert und an der Uni- versität Innsbruck habilitiert, die ihn 1887 zum Ordinari- us für Allgemeine Geschichte berief. Im Jahre 1901 wurde der Universitätsprofessor zum Direktor des Österreichi- schen Historischen Instituts in Rom bestellt. Der öster- reichische Kaiser Franz Joseph I. erhob ihn 1916 in den Adelsstand. Ludwig Pastor, nunmehr Freiherr von Cam- perfelden, diente nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg der Repu- blik Österreich als Gesandter beim Heiligen Stuhl. Dem international hochangesehenen Gelehrten wurden zahl- reiche Auszeichnungen zuteil, darunter Verleihungen von Ehrendoktoraten und Berufungen in Akademien. Die vielfältigen Forschungsinteressen des katholi- schen Konvertiten betrafen unter anderem die Genese der Stadt Rom, die spätmittelalterliche Ordensgeschich- te, die Kunst in der Renaissance, das Zeitalter der Refor- mation, das Verhältnis von Staat und Kirche im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Sein monumentales, konfessionell ein- gebundenes Hauptwerk stellt die „Geschichte der Päp ste seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters“ (von 1305 bis zum Tod Pius‘ VI. 1799 reichend) dar, das nach langen intensiven Quellenstudien besonders im Vatikanischen Geheim- archiv in 16 Bänden und 22 Teilbänden erschien und ins Englische, Französische, Italienische und Spanische übersetzt wurde. Vor dem Hintergrund der damaligen kirchlichen und gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse fragt die Tagung nach der bleibenden Bedeutung dieses internati- onalen Standardwerkes – wie auch der anderen Schriften Pastors – im kritischen wissenschaftlichen Diskurs der Gegenwart. Damit trägt die Tagung auch einem neuen öffentlichen Interesse an Papstgeschichte Rechnung, das nicht zuletzt mit den Päpsten Benedikt XVI. und Franzis- kus verbunden ist. e colloque se concentrera sur la vie et l’œuvre du savant historien Ludwig Pastor (1854-1928). Né à Aix-la-Chapelle, marié à Constanze Kauf- Cmann, fille du maire de Bonn Leopold Kaufmann, il fit des études d’histoire à Louvain, Bonn, Berlin et Vienne puis obtint son doctorat à l’Université de Graz et son ha- bilitation à celle d’Innsbruck où il fut titularisé en 1887 comme professeur ordinaire dans une chaire d’« histoire générale ». En 1901, il fut nommé directeur de l’Institut historique autrichien de Rome. L’empereur d’Autriche François-Joseph Ier l’anoblit en 1916. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, Ludwig Pastor, désormais baron de Camperfelden, fut désigné comme représentant de la Ré- publique d’Autriche auprès du Saint-Siège. Savant d’une grande réputation internationale, il reçut de nombreuses distinctions, en particulier des doctorats honoris causa, et fut membre de plusieurs académies. Les multiples intérêts scientifiques de cet historien qui s’était converti au catholicisme, portèrent entre autres sur la genèse de la ville de Rome, l’histoire des ordres religieux à la fin du Moyen Âge, l’art de la Renais- sance, l’époque de la Réforme, les relations entre l’État et l’Église aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Son œuvre princi- pale, monumentale même et marquée par son orien- tation confessionnelle, est l’Histoire des Papes depuis la fin du Moyen Âge (de l’année 1305 à la mort de Pie VI en 1799), publiée après des années de longues et intenses recherches dans les sources, notamment à l’Archivio Segreto Vaticano ; elle comptait 16 tomes répartis en 22 volumes et a été traduite en anglais, français, italien et espagnol. En la replaçant dans l’Église et la société de son temps, le colloque s’interrogera sur l’importance et la postérité au niveau international de cette œuvre de ré- férence, ainsi que des autres publications de Pastor, dans leur rapport au discours critique de l’historiographie ac- tuelle. Et par là-même, le colloque répondra également à l’intérêt renouvelé du public, en particulier depuis les pontificats des papes Benoît XVI et François, pour l’his- toire de la papauté. Programm Donnerstag, 22. Februar 2018 / 22 février 2018 Römisches Institut der Görres-Gesellschaft, Pontificio Collegio Teutonico, 00120 Città del Vaticano 9:00 Eröffnung / Ouverture Prof. Dr. Andreas Sohn, Universität Paris XIII – Sorbonne Paris Cité Grußworte / Salutations S. E. Bischof Dr. Helmut Dieser, Aachen Msgr. Prof. Dr. Stefan Heid, Direktor des Römischen Instituts der Görres-Gesellschaft 9:30 Einführung / Introduction Prof. Dr. Andreas Sohn, Universität Paris XIII – Sorbonne Paris Cité Sitzungspräsident / Président de séance: Msgr. Prof. Dr. Stefan Heid, Direktor des Römischen Instituts der Görres-Gesellschaft 9:45 Prof. Dr. Thomas Brechenmacher, Universität Potsdam: Ludwig (von) Pastor. Bemerkungen zur Biographie eines Papsthistorikers 10:15 Prof. Dr. Michaela Sohn-Kronthaler, Universität Graz: Von der Promotion in Graz über die Habilitation auf den Lehrstuhl an der Universität Innsbruck: der Historiker Ludwig von Pastor in Österreich 10:45 Kaffeepause / Pause-café 11:00 Univ.-Doz. Dr. Andreas Gottsmann, Direktor des Österreichischen Historischen Instituts in Rom: Ludwig von Pastor und das Österreichische Historische Institut. Geschichte, Politik und Diplomatie 11:40 Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Augustyn, Stellvertretender Direktor des Zentralinstituts für Kunstgeschichte, München: Ludwig Pastor und die Künste 12:10 – 13:00 Diskussion / Discussion Sitzungspräsident / Président de séance: Prof. Dr. Andreas Sohn, Universität Paris XIII – Sorbonne Paris Cité 15:00 S. E. Bischof Dr. Sergio Pagano, Präfekt des Vatikanischen Geheimarchivs: Ludwig von Pastor all’Archivio Segreto Vaticano (1879-1928) 15:30 Univ.-Doz. Dr. Christine Maria Grafinger, Vatikanische Bibliothek: Ludwig von Pastor und der Vatikan – Forschung und Nachlaß 16:00 Prof. em. Dr. Jacques Verger, Universität Paris IV – Sorbonne, membre de l‘Institut: Pastor médiéviste 16:30 – 17:00 Diskussion / Discussion Freitag, 23. Februar 2018 / 23 février 2018 École française de Rome, Piazza Navona, 62, 00186 Roma 9:30 Begrüßung / Accueil Prof. Dr. Catherine Virlouvet, Direktorin der École française de Rome Sitzungspräsident / Président de séance: Prof. em. Dr. Jacques Verger, Universität Paris IV – Sorbonne, membre de l’Institut Prof. Dr. Volker Leppin, Universität Tübingen: Katholische Restauration und evangelische Reformation im Werk Pastors 10:00 Prof. Dr. Olivier Poncet, École nationale des chartes, Paris: Ludwig von Pastor, historien des papes de la première modernité et sa réception par les historiens français 10:30 Prof. Dr. Thomas O’Connor, National University of Ireland Maynooth: La réception de l’Histoire des Papes de Ludwig von Pastor dans le monde anglophone 11:00 Kaffeepause / Pause-café 11:15 Dr. Paolo Vian, Vatikanische Bibliothek: La fortuna italiana della Storia dei papi di Ludwig von Pastor 11:45 Prof. Dr. Ludwig Vones, Universität Köln: Rezeption und Impuls. Die Erforschung der Papstgeschichte in Spanien vor und nach Ludwig von Pastor 12:15 – 13:00 Diskussion / Discussion 13:00 Prof. em. Dr. Jacques Verger, Universität Paris IV – Sorbonne, membre de l’Institut: Zusammenfassung / Conclusion Internationale Tagung Colloque international Mit Unterstützung von / Avec le concours de Erzbistum Köln Stiftungszentrum Erzbistum Paderborn Bistum Aachen Bistum Mainz Bistum Regensburg Université Paris XIII – Sorbonne Paris Cité Laboratoire Pléiade École française de Rome Römisches Institut der Görres-Gesellschaft Kontakt und Anmeldung / Contact et inscription [email protected] [email protected] Impressum Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Andreas Sohn, Universität Paris XIII – Sorbonne Paris Cité, und Prof. em. Dr. Jacques Verger, Universität Paris IV – Sorbonne, membre de l’Institut © 2017 Redaktion: Prof. Dr. Andreas Sohn, Universität Paris XIII – Sorbonne Paris Cité | Bildnachweis: Universitätsarchiv Innsbruck Artwork: Roman Klug © 2017, 2us2.at.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Full Book
    Respectable Folly Garrett, Clarke Published by Johns Hopkins University Press Garrett, Clarke. Respectable Folly: Millenarians and the French Revolution in France and England. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975. Project MUSE. doi:10.1353/book.67841. https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/67841 [ Access provided at 2 Oct 2021 03:07 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. HOPKINS OPEN PUBLISHING ENCORE EDITIONS Clarke Garrett Respectable Folly Millenarians and the French Revolution in France and England Open access edition supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. © 2019 Johns Hopkins University Press Published 2019 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www.press.jhu.edu The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. CC BY-NC-ND ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-3177-2 (open access) ISBN-10: 1-4214-3177-7 (open access) ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-3175-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4214-3175-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-3176-5 (electronic) ISBN-10: 1-4214-3176-9 (electronic) This page supersedes the copyright page included in the original publication of this work. Respectable Folly RESPECTABLE FOLLY M illenarians and the French Revolution in France and England 4- Clarke Garrett The Johns Hopkins University Press BALTIMORE & LONDON This book has been brought to publication with the generous assistance of the Andrew W.
    [Show full text]
  • Falda's Map As a Work Of
    The Art Bulletin ISSN: 0004-3079 (Print) 1559-6478 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcab20 Falda’s Map as a Work of Art Sarah McPhee To cite this article: Sarah McPhee (2019) Falda’s Map as a Work of Art, The Art Bulletin, 101:2, 7-28, DOI: 10.1080/00043079.2019.1527632 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00043079.2019.1527632 Published online: 20 May 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 79 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rcab20 Falda’s Map as a Work of Art sarah mcphee In The Anatomy of Melancholy, first published in the 1620s, the Oxford don Robert Burton remarks on the pleasure of maps: Methinks it would please any man to look upon a geographical map, . to behold, as it were, all the remote provinces, towns, cities of the world, and never to go forth of the limits of his study, to measure by the scale and compass their extent, distance, examine their site. .1 In the seventeenth century large and elaborate ornamental maps adorned the walls of country houses, princely galleries, and scholars’ studies. Burton’s words invoke the gallery of maps Pope Alexander VII assembled in Castel Gandolfo outside Rome in 1665 and animate Sutton Nicholls’s ink-and-wash drawing of Samuel Pepys’s library in London in 1693 (Fig. 1).2 There, in a room lined with bookcases and portraits, a map stands out, mounted on canvas and sus- pended from two cords; it is Giovanni Battista Falda’s view of Rome, published in 1676.
    [Show full text]
  • 1593-1610 Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State
    379 THE CATHOLIC HENRI IV AND THE PAPACY 1593-1610 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of I MASTER OF ARTS By William Jackson Fling, III, B. A. Denton, Texas August, 1977 I/7 Fling, William J., III, The Catholic Henri IV and the Papacy 1593-1610. Master of Arts (History), August, 1977, 130 pp., bibliography, 40 titles. This study explores Franco-Papal relations, and their effect on the French Church and State, from Henri IV's conver- sion to Roman Catholicism in 1593 until his death in 1610. Because Henri IV's primary concern, even in matters involving the Papacy or the Gallican Church, was to protect his kingdom from Habsburg encroachment, he was willing either to abandon his Protestant allies abroad, or to adopt reform measures, such as the decrees of the Council of Trent, that might weaken his own authority or disturb the peace of his kingdom. This caused repeated conflicts with the Counter-Reformation Popes Clement VIII and Paul V, to whom the primary enemy was always the infidel and the heretic. Nevertheless both sides realized that they needed each other to maintain their independence of Spain. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................ .*................. 1 Chapter I. HENRI IV AND THE PAPACY TO 1593: RELIGION AND POLITICS ..... ..... 5 II. HENRI IV AND CLEMENT VIII: THE PACIFICATION OF FRANCE (1593-98) . 40 III. HENRI IV AND CLEMENT VIII: 0. 76 CONTAINING THE HABSBURGS (1599-1605) . IV. HENRI IV AND PAUL V: RELIGION AND POLITICS (1605-1610) 105 CONCLUSION..........
    [Show full text]
  • “In the Public Interest”: the Historiography of Crusade Finance by Lee Morrison Florida State University
    “In the Public Interest”: The Historiography of Crusade Finance By Lee Morrison Florida State University I. Introduction the other hand, it enabled the laity who secular taxes” for the duration of this section. Logistically, a medieval crusade were not fit for combat to participate in These secular taxes proved to be models for presented many difficulties, particularly in the crusade in a tangible way, contributing later papal programs, most notably in their regards to its financing. The act of raising toward it on an individual level without methods of collection and assessment. The an army, transporting it to the Holy Land, actually traveling with the army. This was levies set a precedent for the cooperation sustaining it upon arrival, and providing meant to ensure that those funds would go between ecclesiastic and secular authorities further support in the event that it succeeded toward combatants only, eliminating the in crusade taxation, and its history is one in acquiring territory, was an enormous large portion of noncombatants who tended of adaptation and flexibility. Innocent III’s challenge that demanded considerable to follow the armies toward the Holy Land, decision to adapt similar measures in 1200 economic contribution. Crusading was as seen in the First Crusade. was not borne out of a desire to squeeze cash incredibly expensive. Pope Innocent III Crusade taxation underwent from his clergy but was instead a product of and his successors were aware of this and considerable development in the thirteenth practicality. He saw a longstanding problem realized that in order for any crusade to and fourteenth centuries, and though these (inconsistent and decentralized financing of succeed, it had to be well funded.
    [Show full text]
  • The Theater of Piety: Sacred Operas for the Barberini Family In
    The Theater of Piety: Sacred Operas for the Barberini Family (Rome, 1632-1643) Virginia Christy Lamothe A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Music. Chapel Hill 2009 Approved by: Tim Carter, chair Annegret Fauser Anne MacNeil John Nádas Jocelyn Neal © 2009 Virginia Christy Lamothe ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii Abstract Virginia Christy Lamothe: “The Theater of Piety: Sacred Operas for the Barberini Family (Rome, 1632-1643)” (Under the direction of Tim Carter) In a time of religious war, plague, and reformation, Pope Urban VIII and his cardinal- nephews Antonio and Francesco Barberini sought to establish the authority of the Catholic Church by inspiring audiences of Rome with visions of the heroic deeds of saints. One way in which they did this was by commissioning operas based on the lives of saints from the poet Giulio Rospigliosi (later Pope Clement IX), and papal musicians Stefano Landi and Virgilio Mazzocchi. Aside from the merit of providing an in-depth look at four of these little-known works, Sant’Alessio (1632, 1634), Santi Didimo e Teodora (1635), San Bonifatio (1638), and Sant’Eustachio (1643), this dissertation also discusses how these operas reveal changing ideas of faith, civic pride, death and salvation, education, and the role of women during the first half of the seventeenth century. The analysis of the music and the drama stems from studies of the surviving manuscript scores, libretti, payment records and letters about the first performances.
    [Show full text]
  • Fathers, Pastors and Kings Prelims 24/3/04 1:32 Pm Page Ii
    Prelims 24/3/04 1:32 pm Page i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i Fathers, pastors and kings Prelims 24/3/04 1:32 pm Page ii STUDIES IN EARLY MODERN EUROPEAN HISTORY This series aims to publish challenging and innovative research in all areas of early modern continental history. The editors are committed to encouraging work that engages with current historiographical debates, adopts an interdisciplinary approach, or makes an original contribution to our understanding of the period. SERIES EDITORS Joseph Bergin, William G. Naphy, Penny Roberts and Paolo Rossi Already published in the series The rise of Richelieu Joseph Bergin Sodomy in early modern Europe ed. Tom Betteridge The Malleus Maleficarum and the construction of witchcraft Hans Peter Broedel Fear in early modern society eds William Naphy and Penny Roberts Religion and superstitition in Reformation Europe eds Helen Parish and William G. Naphy Religious choice in the Dutch Republic: the reformation of Arnoldus Buchelus (1565–1641) Judith Pollman Witchcraft narratives in Germany: Rothenburg, 1561–1652 Alison Rowlands Prelims 24/3/04 1:32 pm Page iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii Fathers, pastors and kings Visions of episcopacy in seventeenth-century France ALISON FORRESTAL Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave Prelims 24/3/04 1:32 pm Page iv Copyright © Alison Forrestal 2004 The right of Alison Forrestal to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Indulgences in the Building of New Saint Peter's Basilica
    Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Master of Liberal Studies Theses Spring 2011 The Role of Indulgences in the Building of New Saint Peter’s Basilica Ginny Justice Rollins College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.rollins.edu/mls Part of the Architectural History and Criticism Commons, European History Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Justice, Ginny, "The Role of Indulgences in the Building of New Saint Peter’s Basilica" (2011). Master of Liberal Studies Theses. 7. http://scholarship.rollins.edu/mls/7 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Liberal Studies Theses by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Role of Indulgences in the Building of New Saint Peter’s Basilica A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Liberal Studies By Ginny Justice May 2011 Mentor: Dr. Kim Dennis Rollins College Hamilton Holt School Master of Liberal Studies Program Winter Park, Florida 2 This is dedicated to my father Gerald Paul Pulley October 25, 1922 – March 31, 2011 ~ As we sped along the roads and byways of Italy heading toward Rome in 2003, my father said to me countless times, “Ginny, you are going to LOVE St. Peter’s Basilica! There is nothing else like it.” He was so right. Thank you for a lifetime of great road trips and beautiful memories, Dad. Until we meet again… 3 ● ● ● And when at length we stood in front with the majestic Colonnades sweeping around, the fountains on each side sending up their showers of silvery spray, the mighty Obelisk of Egyptian granite piercing the skies, and beyond the great façade and the Dome,—I confessed my unmingled admiration.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Tuscan Jesuits
    chapter 3 The First Tuscan Jesuits As the Medici were building their dominio, a Basque noble was building a new approach to Catholic missions and education. In 1528, shortly before the Siege of Florence, Ignatius of Loyola (c.1491–1556) began his theological studies with a year in Paris. Before Cosimo I became duke in 1537, Ignatius had completed his academic training. In the intervening years, he had begun a lifelong as- sociation with the “first Jesuits”: Nicolás de Bobadilla (1511–90), Pierre Favre (1506–46), Diego Laínez (1512–65), Simão Rodrigues (1510–79), Alfonso Salm- erón (1515–85), and Francis Xavier (1506–52). By the time the companions left Paris for their first great mission, a journey to Palestine, they numbered nine: Paschase Broët (1500–62), Jean Codure (1508–41), and Claude le Jay (1504–52) had been recruited by Xavier. As the Venetian–Ottoman conflict prevented them from traveling to the Holy Land, they remained in the Italian peninsula, performing traditional ministries of the word and acts of charity. In 1540, they gained papal recognition as the Compagnia di Gesù (Society of Jesus) in the bull Regimini militantis ecclesiae.1 While much of the global success of the Catholic Reform would depend on the Society of Jesus, that group at first confronted obstacles on multiple fronts. They were faced with suspicion by an established ecclesiastical hierarchy, both the religious orders and the diocesan administration. They also navigated a complex web of foreign policy issues involving most of the leadership of West- ern Europe. Pope Paul IV Carafa (r.1555–59), for example, resisted the Society of Jesus in part because of its Spanish associations.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence and Disorder in the Sede Vacante of Early Modern Rome, 1559-1655
    VIOLENCE AND DISORDER IN THE SEDE VACANTE OF EARLY MODERN ROME, 1559-1655 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By John M. Hunt, M. A. ***** The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee Professor Robert C. Davis Professor Noel G. Parker ______________________________ Professor Barbara A. Hanawalt Advisor History Graduate Program Professor Terri Hessler ABSTRACT From the death of every pope until the election of his successor in the early modern era, the entire bureaucratic and judicial apparatus of the state in Rome and the Papal States effectively ceased to function. During this interregnum, known as the sede vacante (literally, “the vacant see”), violence and disorder dramatically increased as the papal government temporarily lost its control over the populace and its monopoly of violence. The College of Cardinals and local civic governments throughout the Papal States, authorities deputized to regulate affairs during sede vacante, failed to quell the upsurge of violence that commenced immediately upon the pope’s death. Contemporary observers and modern scholars have labeled the violence of sede vacante as meaningless and irrational. I argue, rather, that this period of unrest gave Romans and subjects of the Papal States an opportunity to perform actions increasingly forbidden by the centralizing papal government—and thus ultimately to limit the power of the government and prevent the development of the papacy into an absolute monarchy. Acting as individuals or as collectivities, Romans and papal subjects sought revenge against old enemies, attacked hated outsiders, criticized papal policies, and commented on the papal election.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifth Lateran Council Is Chiefly Associated, Through the Twelve Decrees Promulgated in the Four Years 1513-17
    The Church in Crisis: A History of the General Councils: 325-1870 CHAPTER 18. The Fifth General Council of the Lateran, 1512-17 This Fifth General Council of the Lateran really originated in the tangled politics, national and international, of the last years of the reign of Pope Julius II (1503-13). It was called as the pope’s reply to the summoning of an antipapal conciliabulum at Pisa, and this gathering owed its existence to an alliance of the French king, Louis XII, with a small group of cardinals hostile to the pope and his policies. This pope, a man of sixty years at his accession was, it is true, a politician born. Trained at the court of his uncle, Pope Sixtus IV, his Franciscan simplicity all too easily degenerated into the complicated outlook, political and cultural, of the typical Renaissance prince. In Italian history, in the popular saga, this pope, the patron of Michelangelo and Raphael, stands out as one of the “terribili” figures of the time, by which is meant a man possessed of awe- inspiring, demonic energy, in whom competence and high temper combine to force through the execution of great designs and the accomplishment of titanic ambitions. But the ambition of Julius II was not merely personal. He proposed to make the pope really master in his own States of the Church, ending once and for all the problem of the feudatories and the restive municipalities; and he hoped to free Italy from the yoke of “Barbarian” kings, thus making doubly secure the independence of the popes from all control by the lay power.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepotism in the Seventeenth-Century Catholic Church and De Luca's
    CARDINAL GIOVANNI BATTISTA DE LUCA: NEPOTISM IN THE SEVENTEENTH- CENTURY CATHOLIC CHURCH AND DE LUCA’S EFFORTS TO PROHIBIT THE PRACTICE H. Lee Cowan, A.S., B.S., MA.CL., M.DIV Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2012 APPROVED: Laura Stern, Major Professor Denis Paz, Committee Member Randolph B. Campbell, Committee Member Sarah E. Fredericks, Committee Member Richard B. McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Cowan, H. Lee, Cardinal Giovanni Battista de Luca: Nepotism in the Seventeenth-Century Catholic Church and de Luca's Efforts to Prohibit the Practice. Doctor of Philosophy (History), August 2012, 361 pages, references, 464 titles. This dissertation examines the role of Cardinal Giovanni Battista de Luca in the reform of nepotism in the seventeenth-century Catholic Church. Popes gave very large amounts of money to their relatives and the burden of nepotism on the Catholic Church was very onerous. The Catholic Church was crippled by nepotism and unable to carry out its traditional functions. Although Cardinal de Luca and Pope Innocent XI worked tirelessly to end nepotism, they were thwarted in their attempts by apprehension among the Cardinals concerning conciliarism and concerning the use of reform measures from the Council of Trent; by Gallicanism and the attempts of the French King to exercise power over the French Church; and by the entrenchment of nepotism and its long acceptance within the Church. Cardinal de Luca and Innocent XI were not able to push through reforms during their lifetimes but Pope Innocent XII was able to complete this reform and pass a reform Bull.
    [Show full text]
  • Oskar Pollak Reconsidered: a Bildungsroman in Miniature of Late Austrian Culture and Politics1
    Oskar Pollak reconsidered: a Bildungsroman in miniature of late Austrian culture and politics1 Michael Young For Joseph Connors Figure 1 Oskar Pollak, photograph from Matura (gymnasium graduation), 1901 Institut für Kunstgeschichte der Universität Wien https://kunstgeschichte.univie.ac.at/ueber-uns/institutsarchiv/pollak-oskar/ All but forgotten today, the art historian Oskar Pollak (fig. 1), who died in 1915, has three claims on our attention. The first is his pioneering documentary research: his exhaustive compilations of documents related to artistic patronage in Rome under 1 I am grateful to Suzanne Marchand, Margaret Olin and Nancy Wingfield for reading the unrevised text of the talk on which this article is based. They saved me from committing some embarrassing errors, although of course none of them is responsible for any errors or imperfections that remain in this version. I am heavily indebted to the kindness and generous assistance of the following archivists: Friedrich Polleroß at the Art History Institute of the Universität Wien, Florian König at the Istituto Storico Austriaco a Roma, Andreas Titton at the Archive of the Museum für angewandte Kunst, Wien, Jan Chodějovský at the Masaryk Institute and Archive of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague and Barbara Pospichal, Thomas Maisel and Luka Rucigaj at the Archiv der Universität Wien. I am also grateful to Jiří Koukal for sharing archivalia and information with me. Nicholas Sawicki was an erudite, intelligent and sympathetic referee whose suggestions vastly improved my text and uncovered many blunders. I am deeply greatful to him. Journal of Art Historiography Number 22 June 2020 Michael Young Oskar Pollak reconsidered: a Bildungsroman in miniature of late Austrian culture and politics three seventeenth-century popes, and his study of guidebooks to Rome from the same period.
    [Show full text]