UKAEA

Damian Brennan, Head of H3AT Absolute Neutrino Mass Workshop Opportunities at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy UKAEA

2 | Culham Science Centre

Easy access, central location, high calibre science base, experienced in hosting visiting scientists, Safety and security systems already in place.

3 | Exciting Time for Fusion!

The EU fusion community is pursuing an aggressive programme of research to allow the near- term realisation of a demonstration magnetic confinement fusion power plant (DEMO).

2020s 2040/50s

JET ITER DEMO Demonstration Power Plant

Physics Technology Oriented Oriented

| JET: the Joint European Torus

115 | Fusion8 RF at the UKAEA

ITER-like antenna: • High power density ICFR launcher • 8MW/m2 • 30-55 MHz – 2 Ohm/m

ICRH antenna: • 8 total @ 2x2MW each • 23-57MHz

6 | Cryogenics at the UKAEA

Cryogenics group at Culham deal with site wide needs – primarily JET which uses: • 25 metric tonnes of LN2/day • 1 metric tonne of LHe/day

7 | Fusion needs integrated solutions

Robotics

Plasma Science

Exhaust and High Materials Science Fusion Technology Heat Flux Tritium Technology 8 | MAST-U Super X Divertor

| Materials Research Facility

Universities UKAEA Sellafield ~50 MBq ~4 Very low activity (e.g. Oxford) Medium activity, TBq Most active, structural fuel cycle (Co60) Processing and analysis of radioactive material and undertaking micromechnical testing of fusion and fission material samples – with UK universities and other labs.

| Micromechanical Testing of Irradiated Materials

| RACE

Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE),offers expertise and facilities to wider industrial partners (e.g. space, fission, autonomous vehicles etc.) – tapping into a world wide remote applications market worth billions.

| Fusion Technology Facilities

Materials Testing Lab Joining & Advanced Module Test Facility Manufacturing

• Focus on high • Development & validation • ~1 m scale component temperature, small-scale of joining & manufacturing testing under magnetic and complex loading techniques fields and high heat flux conditions • Non-destructive testing • Fusion codes & standards • Small scale component testing

| Magnets at the UKAEA

CHIMERA - 4T test facility with high heat flux and rapidly varying field (dB/dt~12T/s)

Fusion Technology Facility – Module Test Facility Magnet cryostat Sample under test

Ports for laser delivery

Pulsed coils

14 | IR heater panel Vacuum vessel Regulatory framework at Culham •The EA is the primary regulator for JET/Culham along with the HSE

•Culham is not a Nuclear Licensed Site

•EA (EPR2010) Permit grants UKAEA: •Undertaking defined activities •Holding of radioactive material as open sources •Limited accumulation of radioactive waste •Limited disposals of radioactive waste (Aqueous and gaseous only) •Transfer of solid and liquid radioactive waste (unlimited)

15 | H3AT: Hydrogen-3 Advanced Technology Centre

• Opportunity which aligns with the UK nuclear industry strategy. • Expand upon tritium and waste management experience and the expertise at Culham. Building a world class centre for tritium technology. • In partnership with industry, academia, national laboratories, government organisations and international collaborators. • The centre can test and de-risk ITER tritium systems and help develop novel tritium processes for DEMO and markets outside fusion. • It will have the capability to store, deliver and purify tritium with the infrastructure and safety systems required.

16 | H3AT

• A £40M state of the art facility • Up to 100g T2 inventory. No increase in site discharge authorisation. • ITER like tritium fuel cycle able to operate in closed loop. Uranium bed storage and delivery, Impurity Separation, Cryogenic Distillation, Water Detritiation Systems. • Fuel cycle feeds flexible test cells/gloveboxes for experiments/component qualification. • Also contains tritium wet chemistry, solid waste detritiation and C-14 laboratory • Inactive test space, office and training facilities. • Interim H3AT in the Culham MRF. Target: H3AT facility open 2022.

17 | Proposed Location for H3AT Facility

18 | H3AT Facility – Active Research Hall – Level 0

19 | H3AT Tritium Plant

DEUTERIUM MONITORING STORAGE AND TORUS TRITIUM EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL DETRITIATED AND TRITIUM DELIVERY TRITIUM VACUUM CONTAINERS GAS MIXTURES FACILITIES SOLIDS RADWASTE SYSTEM SIMULATION DEUTERIUM GASES DISPOSAL

EXPERIMENTAL TRITIUM DEUTERIUM GAS SERVICES GAS MIXTURES

RADIOLOGICAL ISOTOPE HYDROGEN AND GAS SEPARATION HYDROGEN PURIFICATION EXPERIMENTAL MONITORING ISOTOPES GAS EFFLUENT SYSTEM SYSTEM (TEP) SYSTEM

MONITORING HYDROGEN HYDROGEN GASES ENRICHED DEPLETED AND FOR DE- WITH WITH DISCHARGE TO TRITIATION TRITIUM TRITIUM ATMOSPHERE

DILUTED DETRITIATED WATER HYDROGEN GASES ATMOSPHERE PURGE INTEGRATED ANALYTICAL DETRITIATION DETRITIATION GASES CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DE- SYSTEM TRITIATED SYSTEM TRITIATION SYSTEM WATER

TRITIATED WATER

20 | Timeline Tender Active Non Commissioning Training& Preliminary Design FAT Assembly Concept Design Concept Design Detailed SAT Installation

3 mth 6 mth 3 mth 5 mth 5 mth 2 mth 5 mth 2 mth 9 mth

Nov 19 Mar 20 Sept 21 Dec 21 May 21 Oct 21 Dec 21 May 22 Jul 22 April 23 21 | National Laboratory Model

| H3AT Building Experiments Tritium Systems

Control and Safety systems

23 | STEP Spherical for Energy Production

Mission:

Design a commercially viable compact fusion reactor, collaborating with partners to build a UK prototype by 2040

- Concept Design – 5 years - Detailed Design – 8 years - Construction in UK – 8 years

24 |