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Invisible Ink Invisible Ink Materials: Lemon juice Cotton swab Paper Heat source (hair dryer, incandescent light bulb, iron with a cloth barrier) Instructions: 1. With an adult’s help, cut open your lemon and squeeze the juice into a small container. 2. Dip your cotton swab into the juice and use it like a pen on a page in your journal (or on another sheet of paper). You may have to dip into the juice a lot to keep the cotton swab wet. 3. Let the paper dry for a few minutes until you can’t see your writing anymore. 4. When you are ready to reveal your secret message, use a heat source, like a hair dryer, on the paper. The lemon juice will heat up and get brown before the rest of the paper, and will uncover your secret! Fun Fact: Leonardo Da Vinci used to write his notes upside down and backwards by using a mirror! He may have been doing this to keep his findings a secret, but it was probably because he was left-handed and didn’t want to smudge his ink! Scientists today keep detailed notes and share their findings with each other! Use your journal to be a scientist and write down your observations! Tinta Invisible Materiales: Zumo de limón Bastoncillo de algodón Papel Fuente de calor (secador de pelo, bombilla incandescente, plancha con barrera de tela) Instrucciones: 1. Con la ayuda de un grande, abre tu limón y exprime el zumo en un recipiente pequeño. 2. Sumerge el bastoncillo en el zumo y úsalo como si fuera una pluma en una página en su diario (o en otra hoja de papel). Posiblemente tendrás que sumergirlo mucho para mantener mojado el algodón. 3. Deja que el papel se seque por unos minutos, hasta que no puedes ver tu escrito más. 4. Cuando estés listo a revelar tu mensaje secreto, usa una fuente de calor, tal como secador de pelo, contra el papel. El zumo de limón se va a calentar y volver color café antes que el papel, y ¡va a descubrir tu secreto! Dato Curioso: ¡Leonardo da Vinci solía escribir sus notas boca abajo y al revés, utilizando un espejo! Es posible que lo hiciera para mantener sus hallazgos secretos, ¡pero es probable que lo hiciera porque era zurdo y no quería manchar su tinta! ¡Los científicos hoy mantienen notas detalladas y comparten sus hallazgos entre si! ¡Usa tu diario para ser científico y apunta tus observaciones! Coffee Filter Chromatography Materials: Markers (non-permanent, washable) – non-primary color such as green, purple, black, brown, orange, etc. 3-4 white coffee filters Small cup, preferably glass or clear 2-3 tablespoons of water Methods: 1. Take the coffee filter and draw a thick circle, about 2 inches in diameter – do not color in the middle 2. Put a small amount of water in the bottom of the cup 3. Fold the coffee filter in half, and then in half again 4. Place the tip of the coffee filter in the water and watch what happens! What is happening? What does your coffee filter look like? What colors do you see? The ink of the markers is made up of different colors. When you place the coffee filter in water, it absorbs the water, and it moves up the filter through a process called capillary action. The water starts to dissolve the chemicals that make up the ink in the marker, and they move up the coffee filter at a different rate depending upon how heavy they are. This separates the different colors of the marker. Additional experiments: Instead of using water, you can use isopropyl alcohol. Is the result different? What if happens you use a permanent or non-washable marker? Cromatografía con filtro de café Materiales: Marcadores (no-permanentes, lavables) – de color no primario, tales como verde, púrpura, negro, café, etc. 3-4 filtros de café blancos Tacita pequeña, preferiblemente de vidrio o transparente (que proveen los padres) 2-3 cucharadas de agua (que proveen los padres) Métodos: 1. Agarra el filtro de café y traza un círculo grueso alrededor de 2 pulgadas de diámetro—no llenes el centro del círculo de color 2. Pon un poco de agua en el fondo de la taza 3. Dobla el filtro de café por la mitad, y después otra vez por la mitad 4. Coloca la punta del filtro de café en el agua y ¡observa lo que pasa! ¿Qué está pasando? ¿Cómo se ve tu filtro de café? ¿Cuáles son los colores que ves? La tinta en los marcadores está compuesta de diferentes colores. Cuando tú pones el filtro de café en el agua, ello absorba el agua, la cual sube por el filtro a través de un proceso que se llama acción capilar. El agua empieza a disolver los químicos que componen la tinta en el marcador, y ellos suben a velocidades distintas, dependiendo de su peso. Esto separa los colores del marcador. Experimentos adicionales: En lugar de usar el agua, puedes usar alcohol isopropílico. ¿Es diferente el resultado? ¿Qué pasa si usas un marcador permanente o no lavable? Let's Compare Warm and Cold Air Materials: · Plastic water bottle · 1 Tbsp dish soap mixed with 1 tsp water in a small dish · One large bowl filled with about 2 inches of ice water · One large bowl filled with about 2 inches of very hot water (microwave or boil right before you use it. Careful with hot water!) Instructions: Follow along with the scientist live! ¡Comparemos aire caliente y aire frío! Materiales: · Botella de agua de plástico · 1 Cucharada de jabón líquido para vajilla mezclado con 1 cucharadita de agua en un plato pequeño · Un tazón o plato hondo grande que contiene alrededor de 2 pulgadas de agua helada · Un tazón o plato hondo grande que contiene alrededor de 2 pulgadas de agua muy caliente (póngala en el microondas o hiérvala justo antes de usarla. ¡Cuidado con el agua caliente!) Instrucc iones: ¡Sigue en directo con la científica! Elephant Toothpaste Materials: · Empty plastic bottle (or other container), a 20–oz soda or water bottle · 3% hydrogen peroxide solution - ½ cup · 1 packet of active dry yeast · Liquid dishwashing soap · Warm water - 3 tbsp · Food coloring (optional, but it looks nice) Procedure: · Combine three tablespoons of warm water with one teaspoon of yeast and mix until the yeast is completely dissolved in the water. (You’ll want to do this first so it can sit for a few minutes while you get the rest of your materials ready!) · Place the bottle on a baking sheet or tray, or in the sink. This is messy, so you’ll want to do this over something you can easily clean up. · Pour ½ cup hydrogen peroxide into the empty bottle · Add a few drops of food coloring into the bottle at this point if you want to color your foam · Add a squirt of dish soap into the bottle · Pour the mixture of water & yeast into the bottle · Sit back and watch what happens! (If nothing seems to be happening at first, you may want to swirl your bottle around a little to mix up the liquids!) Crema Dental de Elefante · Materiales: · Botella de plástico vacía (u otro recipiente); una botella de gaseosa o agua de 20 onzas sería perfecta · Solución de 3% peróxido de hidrógeno - ½ taza · 1 sobre de levadura activa seca · Jabón líquido de vajilla · Agua tibia - 3 cucharadas · Colorante de comida (opcional, pero se ve lindo) Procedimiento: · Combina tres cucharadas de agua tibia con una cucharadita de levadura y mezcla hasta que la levadura esté completamente disuelta en el agua. (¡Vas a querer hacer esto primero para que ella pueda sentar unos minutos mientras tú preparas los demás materiales!) · Coloca la botella en una bandeja de panadería u otra bandeja o en el fregadero. Va a ser algo desordenado, por eso vas a querer hacer esto sobre algo que puedes limpiar fácilmente. · Vierte ½ taza del peróxido de hidrógeno en la botella vacía · Agrega unas gotas de colorante de comida en la botella en este momento si quieres agregar color a tu espuma · Agrega un chorrito de jabón de vajilla en la botella · Vierte la mezcla de agua y levadura en la botella o ¡Aquí un embudo puede ayudar a asegurar que tú puede lograr que toda la mezcla entra la botella o recipiente si ello tiene cuello estrecho! · Espera y observa lo que pasa. ¡Si al comienzo parece que nada está pasando, quizás querrás revolver la botella un poco para mezclar los líquidos! More Elephant Toothpaste! Extension: · Did you notice that the bottle got warm during the reaction? This type of reaction is called an exothermic reaction · Try adding more or less yeast when doing the experiment again. How does this affect the amount of foam produced? o What happens if you don’t mix the yeast with water first? · Try the experiment again, but change the size of the bottle. How does this affect the amount of foam produced? · Try the experiment again, but change the amount of dish soap. How does this affect the amount of foam produced? · If you have both 3% and 6% hydrogen peroxide, try the experiment again with the other one. How does this affect the amount of foam produced? Más Crema Dental de Elefante! Extensión: · ¿Te diste cuenta de que la botella se calentó durante la reacción? Esta clase de reacción se llama una reacción exotérmica · Prueba agregar más o menos levadura cuando vuelvas a hacer el experimento. Esto, ¿cómo afecta la cantidad de espuma que se produce? o ¿Qué pasa si no mezclas la levadura con el agua primero? · Prueba el experimento otra vez, pero cambia el tamaño de la botella.
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