Como Fabricar Um Gangsta: Masculinidades Negras Nos Videoclipes Dos Rappers Jay-Z E 50 Cent

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Como Fabricar Um Gangsta: Masculinidades Negras Nos Videoclipes Dos Rappers Jay-Z E 50 Cent UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA INSTITUTO DE HUMANIDADES, ARTES E CIÊNCIAS PROFESSOR MILTON SANTOS PROGRAMA MULTIDISCIPLINAR DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CULTURA E SOCIEDADE COMO FABRICAR UM GANGSTA: MASCULINIDADES NEGRAS NOS VIDEOCLIPES DOS RAPPERS JAY-Z E 50 CENT por DANIEL DOS SANTOS Orientador(a): Prof. Dr. Leandro Colling SALVADOR 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA INSTITUTO DE HUMANIDADES, ARTES E CIÊNCIAS PROFESSOR MILTON SANTOS PROGRAMA MULTIDISCIPLINAR DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CULTURA E SOCIEDADE COMO FABRICAR UM GANGSTA: MASCULINIDADES NEGRAS NOS VIDEOCLIPES DOS RAPPERS JAY-Z E 50 CENT por DANIEL DOS SANTOS Orientador: Prof. Dr. Leandro Colling Dissertação apresentada ao Programa Multidisciplinar de Pós-Graduação em Cultura e Sociedade do Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Leandro Colling SALVADOR 2017 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema Universitário de Bibliotecas (SIBI/UFBA), com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). Dos Santos, Daniel Como Fabricar um Gangsta: Masculinidades Negras nos Videoclipes dos Rappers Jay-Z e 50 Cent / Daniel Dos Santos. -- Salvador - Bahia, 2017. 175 f. : il Orientador: Leandro Colling. Dissertação (Mestrado - Programa Multidisciplinar de Pós-Graduação em Cultura e Sociedade) -- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências Professor Milton Santos, 2017. 1. Raça. 2. Gênero. 3. Masculinidades Negras. 4. Gangsta Rap. 5. Representação. I. Colling, Leandro. II. Título. Em memória de Maria Izabel Francisca Dos Santos, minha mãe. Todos os meus textos e títulos são seus. Para meu pai Franklin Pereira Dos Santos e todos os homens negros que falam a língua do silêncio. Para Marcos Santos, o amigo que o Atlântico Negro me deu. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente às minhas e aos meus Orixás e Ancestrais africanos que me conduziram e me fortaleceram até aqui. Toda honra, glória e poder ao povo negro. A meu amigo Carlos Copioba pela ideia original e provocação inicial que engendrou o #TheGangstaProject. Este é mais um trabalho que também é seu. A meu irmão Prof. Ms. Alisson Soledade por ter vivenciado e compartilhado comigo os problemas de ser pesquisador negro no mundo branco da universidade. Esta dissertação de mestrado não seria possível sem você. À minha amiga Rita Carmo por não ter me abandonado na solidão da pesquisa. Te amo. A Prof. Dr. Wilson Roberto de Mattos pela co-orientação e participação durante todo o processo de investigação e pesquisa desde seu início. Um imperador não é nada sem seu general. À Profa. Ms. Manuela Nascimento, Prof. Ms. Rosimário Quintino, Prof. Dr. Francisco Nunes e Prof. Dr. Leandro Bulhões pelas revisões do projeto de pesquisa, orientações no processo de construção do #TheGangstaProject e preparação para as seleções de mestrado. A Prof. Dr. Leandro Colling pela confiança em orientar o #TheGangstaProject e pela paciência durante todo o processo de pesquisa e investigação. Ao grupo de pesquisa Cultura e Sexualidade (CuS) pelos aprendizados, vivências e, acima de tudo, afetos. A Prof. Dr. Carlos Bonfim pelas importantes contribuições no exame de qualificação e pela disponibilidade em integrar a banca examinadora da defesa pública do #TheGangstaProject. A Murillo Nonato, Alexandre Nunes, Carol Barreto e Yasmin Nogueira, o bonde que me transportou e atropelou os medos e as angústias nesses dois anos de mestrado. Que nossos caminhos sempre se encruzilhem. Amo vocês. À Profa. Dra. Laila Rosa por ter proporcionado minha suspensão e sublimação diante da loucura que é a universidade no Laboratório de Etnomusicologia da Escola de Música da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Às minhas tias Zulmira, Lealdina e minha sobrinha Sílvia por me receber e hospedar sempre com honras de rei em Salvador durante todo o mestrado. Às minhas irmãs Edilene e Edijoildes, por quem eu sempre volto pra casa. Ao meu sobrinho neto e parceiro de aventuras Lucas, a esperança que me faz sorrir e sonhar. Às todas amigas e todos amigos de Santo Antônio de Jesus e Salvador pelo apoio emocional e financeiro ao #TheGangstaProject. Foram inúmerxs e seria um desafio fracassado citar todxs. Muito obrigado por acreditar e fazer mais um sonho se tornar realidade. Ao site Raplogia, aos rappers e MC’s baianos por todos os ensinamentos e aprendizagens sobre cultura Hip Hop. A Marcus Falcão pelo design incrível da capa e material de divulgação da defesa pública do #TheGangstaProject. A Helder Giovanny pela impressão da dissertação em sua versão para a banca examinadora. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela bolsa de pesquisa que financiou o #TheGangstaProject. Every nigger is a star [Todo negro é uma estrela]. (Boris Gardiner) SANTOS, Daniel Dos. Como Fabricar um Gangsta: Masculinidades Negras nos Videoclipes dos Rappers Jay-Z e 50 Cent. 160 f. il. 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências Professor Milton Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 2017. RESUMO Esta dissertação é o resultado do #TheGangstaProject, projeto de pesquisa científica sobre as masculinidades negras na cultura Hip Hop dos Estados Unidos da América, na transição dos séculos XX-XXI. A partir de um processo de investigação sobre a obra audiovisual dos rappers Jay-Z e 50 Cent pode-se identificar e decodificar as configurações dos tipos de masculinidades negras presentes nas narrativas dos videoclipes do Gangsta Rap, subgênero musical que subverteu e redefiniu o sistema iconográfico de representação sobre os homens negros, tradição herdada do passado colonial escravocrata reinventada no imaginário racial coletivo estadunidense a partir do fenômeno do Novo Racismo. Através de uma perspectiva interseccional, estabelecida entre as epistemologias étnico-raciais pós-coloniais e das dissidências sexuais e de gênero, desenvolveu-se um exercício de desmontagem simbólica das imagens produzidas historicamente sobre e pelos homens negros. Acionando os sistemas iconográficos enquanto dispositivos de dominação, controle e exploração simbólica dos corpos e subjetividades negras masculinas, esta dissertação tenta compreender como as práticas e os jogos de representação funcionam a partir dos marcadores sociais de raça e gênero, como também quais são seus efeitos nas políticas das masculinidades negras. Palavras-chave: Raça. Gênero. Masculinidades Negras. Gangsta Rap. Representação. SANTOS, Daniel Dos. Como Fabricar um Gangsta: Masculinidades Negras nos Videoclipes dos Rappers Jay-Z e 50 Cent. 160 f. il. 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências Professor Milton Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 2017. ABSTRACT This dissertation is the result of #TheGangstaProject, a scientific research project on black masculinities in the hip hop culture of the United States of America, in the transition from the XX-XXI centuries. From a process of investigation into the audiovisual work of the rappers Jay-Z and 50 Cent, one can identify and decode the configurations of the types of black masculinities present in the narratives of Gangsta Rap music videos, a musical subgenre that subverted and redefined the iconographic system. of representation about black men, a tradition inherited from the colonial past of the slavocrat reinvented in the American collective racial imagination from the phenomenon of New Racism. Through an intersectional perspective, established between postcolonial ethnic-racial epistemologies and sexual and gender dissent, an exercise in the symbolic dismantling of images historically produced about and by black men has developed. Activating iconographic systems as devices of domination, control and symbolic exploration of black male bodies and subjectivities, this dissertation attempts to understand how practices and games of representation function from the social markers of race and gender, as well as their effects on politics of black masculinities. Keywords: Race. Gender. Black Masculinities. Gangsta Rap. Representation. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1 – Capa do álbum Straight Outta Compton (1988), do N.W.A. Figura 2 – Imolação, obra de Sidney Amaral Figuras 3 e 4 – Linchamentos públicos de homens negros nos Estados Unidos Figura 5 – Jim Crow Figura 6 – Jim Crow, personagem do filme Dumbo (1941) Figura 7 – Coon Figura 8 – Peças publicitárias da farinha láctea Banania Figura 9 – Bill “Bojangles” Robinson como Uncle Billy no filme A Pequena Rebelde (1935) Figura 10 – James Baskett como Uncle Remus no filme A Canção do Sul (1946) Figura 11 – Samuel L. Jackson como Stephen no filme Django Livre (2012) Figura 12 – Escalante Dundy como Big Fred no filme Django Livre (2012) Figura 13 – Ken Norton como Mede no filme Mandingo (1975) Figura 14 – Cena do filme O Nascimento de uma Nação (1915) Figura 15 e 16 – Propaganda imperialista da Primeira Guerra Mundial e LeBron James na capa da revista Vogue (2008) Figura 17 – Morgan Freeman como Eddie Dupris no filme Menina de Ouro (2004) Figura 18 – Morgan Freeman como Lucius Fox no filme Batman: O Cavaleiro das Trevas (2005) Figura 19 – Michael Clarke Duncan como John Coffey no filme À Espera de um Milagre (2000) Figuras 20 – Sidney Poitier como John Prentice no filme Adivinhe Quem Vem Para Jantar (1967) Figura 21– Sidney Poitier como Mark Thackeray no filme Ao Mestre, Com Carinho (1967) Figura 22 – Pôster do filme Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song (1971) Figura 23 – Pôster do filme Shaft (1971) Figura 24 – Pôster do filme Super Fly (1972) Figura 25 – Elenco do filme Os Bons Companheiros
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