DOCSLIB.ORG

Implications and Impacts of Terrorism on Sporting Events: Is the Hospitality Industry Prepared and Equipped to Host Mega Events?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Implications and Impacts of Terrorism on Sporting Events: Is the Hospitality Industry Prepared and Equipped to Host Mega Events? Implications and impacts of terrorism on sporting events: Is the hospitality industry prepared and equipped to host mega events? A thesis submitted to: Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in International Hospitality Management Cyril Ravindran Peter 2011 Primary Supervisor: Dr Jill Poulston Secondary Supervisor: Erwin Losekoot Table of Contents Attestation of Authorship ..................................................................................... vi Acknowledgement................................................................................................ vii Confidential material ........................................................................................... viii Abstract .................................................................................................................. ix 1. Chapter One: Introduction ............................................................................... 1 1.1. Terrorism ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Research topic ............................................................................................. 2 1.3. Purpose and parameters of the research..................................................... 2 1.4. Rugby World Cup (RWC)............................................................................. 3 1.5. Overview of the thesis ................................................................................. 4 2. Chapter Two: Literature Review ...................................................................... 6 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 6 2.2. Overview ...................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Hospitality and terrorism .............................................................................. 8 2.3.1. Discussion ........................................................................................ 13 2.4. Sport and sporting events .......................................................................... 18 2.4.1. Benefits of sporting events ............................................................... 19 2.4.2. Sporting events, politics and terrorism .............................................. 21 2.4.3. Discussion ........................................................................................ 22 2.5. Modes of attacks ........................................................................................ 23 2.5.1. Suicide bombing ............................................................................... 25 2.5.2. Kidnappings and hostage takings ..................................................... 27 2.5.3. Food terrorism .................................................................................. 28 2.5.4. Discussion ........................................................................................ 29 2.6. Safety and security concerns ..................................................................... 29 2.6.1. Participants ....................................................................................... 31 2.6.2. Spectators ........................................................................................ 32 2.6.3. Discussion ........................................................................................ 33 2.7. Rugby World Cup (RWC) security ............................................................. 34 2.7.1. Discussion ........................................................................................ 35 2.8. Political ideology ........................................................................................ 36 2.8.1. Discussion ........................................................................................ 37 2.9. Risk sensitivity ........................................................................................... 37 2.9.1. Discussion ........................................................................................ 40 2.10. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 41 3. Chapter Three: Methodology ......................................................................... 44 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 44 ii 3.2. Qualitative research method ...................................................................... 45 3.3. Interpretivism ............................................................................................. 47 3.4. Research question ..................................................................................... 48 3.5. Participant selection and recruitment ......................................................... 49 3.6. Three different interview methods .............................................................. 50 3.6.1. Structured interviews ........................................................................ 50 3.6.2. Unstructured interviews .................................................................... 50 3.6.3. Semi-structured interviews ............................................................... 51 3.7. Ethics approval .......................................................................................... 51 3.7.1. Purpose ............................................................................................ 52 3.7.2. Process............................................................................................. 52 3.8. Data collection, analysis, management and storage .................................. 53 3.8.1. Data collection .................................................................................. 53 3.8.2. Data analysis .................................................................................... 55 3.8.3. Data Management ............................................................................ 56 3.8.4. Data storage ..................................................................................... 56 3.9. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 57 4. Chapter Four: Findings .................................................................................. 58 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 58 4.2. Data collection process .............................................................................. 59 4.3. Limitations .................................................................................................. 59 4.4. Significant observations ............................................................................. 60 4.5. Research data ........................................................................................... 60 4.6. Themes ...................................................................................................... 79 4.6.1. Political ideology and awareness of international politics ................. 80 4.6.2. ‘She’ll be right’ attitude. .................................................................... 80 4.6.3. Vetting of staff and suppliers ............................................................ 82 4.6.4. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) food guidelines .............. 82 4.6.5. Who is responsible for security? ....................................................... 83 4.7. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 83 5. Chapter Five: Discussion ............................................................................... 85 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 85 5.2. Political ideology and awareness of international politics .......................... 86 5.3. ‘She’ll be right’ attitude. .............................................................................. 88 5.4. Vetting of staff and suppliers ...................................................................... 93 5.5. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) food guidelines ....................... 96 5.6. Who is responsible for security? .............................................................. 100 5.7. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 103 iii 5.7.1. Key theme – laissez-faire ............................................................... 104 6. Chapter Six: Conclusion and Recommendation ........................................ 106 6.1. Terrorism ................................................................................................. 106 6.2. State of preparedness ............................................................................. 106 6.2.1. Security vetting process ................................................................. 106 6.2.2. Laissez-faire attitude towards security ............................................ 107 6.3. Important lessons .................................................................................... 107 6.3.1. Management implications ............................................................... 108 6.4. Recommendation ..................................................................................... 108 References .........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EU and Member States' Policies and Laws on Persons Suspected Of
    DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS’ RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS CIVIL LIBERTIES, JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS EU and Member States’ policies and laws on persons suspected of terrorism- related crimes STUDY Abstract This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE Committee), presents an overview of the legal and policy framework in the EU and 10 select EU Member States on persons suspected of terrorism-related crimes. The study analyses how Member States define suspects of terrorism- related crimes, what measures are available to state authorities to prevent and investigate such crimes and how information on suspects of terrorism-related crimes is exchanged between Member States. The comparative analysis between the 10 Member States subject to this study, in combination with the examination of relevant EU policy and legislation, leads to the development of key conclusions and recommendations. PE 596.832 EN 1 ABOUT THE PUBLICATION This research paper was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and was commissioned, overseen and published by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs. Policy Departments provide independent expertise, both in-house and externally, to support European Parliament committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Commonwealth Games
    GAMES HISTORY INTRODUCTION In past centuries, the British Empire’s power and influence stretched all over the world. It started at the time of Elizabeth 1 when Sir Francis Drake and other explorers started to challenge the Portuguese and Spanish domination of the world. The modern Commonwealth was formed in 1949, with ‘British’ dropped from the name and with Logo of the Commonwealth many countries becoming independent, but Games Federation choosing to remain part of the group of nations called the Commonwealth. The first recorded Games between British Empire athletes were part of the celebrations for the Coronation of His Majesty King George V in 1911. The Games were called the 'Festival of Empire' and included Athletics, Boxing, Wrestling and Swimming events. At the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam, the friendliness between the Empire athletes revived the idea of the Festival of Empire. Canadian, Bobby Robinson, called a meeting of British Empire sports representatives, who agreed to his proposal to hold the first Games in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada. From 1930 to 1950 the Games were called the British Empire Games, and until 1962 were called the British Empire and Commonwealth Games. From 1966 to 1974 they became the British Commonwealth Games and from 1978 onwards they have been known as the Commonwealth Games. HISTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH GAMES 1930 British Empire Games Hamilton, Canada 16-23 August The first official Commonwealth Games, held in Hamilton, Canada in 1930 were called the British Empire Games. Competing Countries (11) Australia, Bermuda, British Guiana (now Guyana), Canada, England, Newfoundland (now part of Canada), New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Scotland, South Africa and Wales.
    [Show full text]
  • How Sophisticated Are Terrorist Attacks on Passenger Rail Transportation
    How Sophisticated are Terrorist Attacks on Passenger Rail Project SP 0520 Transportation June 2020 Brian Michael Jenkins and Bruce R. Butterworth Executive Summary Summary of Key Findings Terrorist attacks on passenger rail transportation are statistically rare events in the developed world— only about seven attacks per year are carried out against all of the economically advanced countries combined. However, uncovered plots and attempts indicate continuing terrorist interest in attacking transportation targets. The vast majority of terrorist attacks on passenger rail transportation are aimed at disrupting travel or causing casualties. Most of the attacks (87%) and 100% of the casualties result from attacks on passengers aboard trains and in stations, i.e., where the people are. We have defined sophistication by identifying four criteria, of which at least one must be met: The attack must (1) involve the recruitment of inside assistance, the use of insider knowledge, or the acquisition of specialized skills through training; (2) require the penetration of manned or closely monitored security systems; (3) involve the use of sophisticated weapons, devices, or means (for an IED to be considered sophisticated, it must do more than simply explode—it must have a timing or remote detonating system that guarantees detonation at a remote time or in a specific location, or it must be miniaturized or disguised so as to evade detection); and (4) must be complex—it must involve multiple actors with individual roles or coordinated simultaneous or near-simultaneous attacks at different locations. Using those criteria, we find few of the terrorist attacks on public surface transport are sophisticated.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Awards Banquet Program
    2011 BC Athletics Annual Awards Banquet An Evening to Honour Athletes, Coaches, Officials & Volunteers January 29, 2011 • Richmond, BC 2011 Annual Awards Banquet BC Athletics Special Recognition GARY REED – 800 Meter Star In December of 2010, Gary Reed announced his retirement from competition following an 8 year The Program International career as one of Canada’s greatest Middle Distance Runners in history. Opening Remarks “My goal has always been fairly simple – to be the best in the world at what I do and medal at the Olympics and World Championships. I woke up every single day for the last 15 years and dedicated 100% of myself to this while Dinner trusting my coach, Wynn Gmitroski, and earlier on, Derek Evely. From the beginning I’ve always known that I wanted to be able to walk off the track and have zero regrets Awards Presentations - to be able to retire from the sport and not let the sport retire me. I wanted to have that feeling that I had poured everything I had into track and field, and that there was Track & Field nothing left to give.” Gary’s post-athletics career includes supporting up and coming athletes, Road Running a reality he knows all too well. He knows that the smallest amount of money can make the biggest difference for athletes. To support this need Cross Country and remain involved in the sport, Gary plans to integrate a program into his business plan which will involve partnering with like-minded people Masters to commit a portion of income to Olympic hopefuls.
    [Show full text]
  • Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games: Implications for the Local Property Market
    The Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games: implications for the local property market Richard Reed* and Hao Wu (*contact author) Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Victoria Australia Tel: +61 3 8344 8966 Fax: +61 3 8344 5532 Email: [email protected] Abstract for the 11th Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Conference 23 - 27 January 2005 - Melbourne, Australia Keywords: Commonwealth games, major sporting event, infrastructure, property market, host city. Abstract: In 2006 Melbourne will host the 18th Commonwealth Games with Brisbane being the last Australian city to host this event over two decades ago in 1982. Melbourne has not held a major global sporting event since the 1956 Olympic Games, although the 2006 Commonwealth Games follows on from the successful 2000 Sydney Olympics. These sporting events have continued to grow from strength to strength, and have been assisted by Australia's close affiliation with sport and the widespread global media coverage. In a similar manner to other sporting events that Melbourne hosts, including the Australian Tennis Open, Formula One Grand Prix, Motorcycle Grand Prix, Melbourne Cup and Australian Football League, the city and its inhabitants are consumed by these events. The 2006 Commonwealth Games is certain to follow this trend. The task of hosting the Commonwealth Games is enormous, although actively pursued in a fierce bidding process by competing cities. The benefits are undisputed and include an influx of visitors to the host city, an opportunity to enhance or rebuild infrastructure such as transport, plus the worldwide focus on the host city before and during the event.
    [Show full text]
  • Dziadok Mikalai 1'St Year Student
    EUROPEAN HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY Program «World Politics and economics» Dziadok Mikalai 1'st year student Essay Written assignment Course «International relations and governances» Course instructor Andrey Stiapanau Vilnius, 2016 The Troubles (Northern Ireland conflict 1969-1998) Plan Introduction 1. General outline of a conflict. 2. Approach, theory, level of analysis (providing framework). Providing the hypothesis 3. Major actors involved, definition of their priorities, preferences and interests. 4. Origins of the conflict (historical perspective), major actions timeline 5. Models of conflicts, explanations of its reasons 6. Proving the hypothesis 7. Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Northern Ireland conflict, called “the Troubles” was the most durable conflict in the Europe since WW2. Before War in Donbass (2014-present), which lead to 9,371 death up to June 3, 20161 it also can be called the bloodiest conflict, but unfortunately The Donbass War snatched from The Troubles “the victory palm” of this dreadful competition. The importance of this issue, however, is still essential and vital because of challenges Europe experience now. Both proxy war on Donbass and recent terrorist attacks had strained significantly the political atmosphere in Europe, showing that Europe is not safe anymore. In this conditions, it is necessary for us to try to assume, how far this insecurity and tensions might go and will the circumstances and the challenges of a international relations ignite the conflict in Northern Ireland again. It also makes sense for us to recognize that the Troubles was also a proxy war to a certain degree 23 Sources, used in this essay are mostly mass-media articles, human rights observers’ and international organizations reports, and surveys made by political scientists on this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorism Knows No Borders
    TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM TERRORISM KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS KNOWS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS NO BORDERS October 2019 his is a special initiative for SEFF to be associated with, it is one part of a three part overall Project which includes; the production of a Book and DVD Twhich captures the testimonies and experiences of well over 20 innocent victims and survivors of terrorism from across Great Britain and The Republic of Ireland. The Project title; ‘Terrorism knows NO Borders’ aptly illustrates the broader point that we are seeking to make through our involvement in this work, namely that in the context of Northern Ireland terrorism and criminal violence was not curtailed to Northern Ireland alone but rather that individuals, families and communities experienced its’ impacts across the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and beyond these islands. This Memorial Quilt Project does not claim to represent the totality of lives lost across Great Britain and The Republic of Ireland but rather seeks to provide some understanding of the sacrifices paid by communities, families and individuals who have been victimised by ‘Republican’ or ‘Loyalist’ terrorism. SEFF’s ethos means that we are not purely concerned with victims/survivors who live within south Fermanagh or indeed the broader County.
    [Show full text]
  • Commonwealth Games Research
    Updated Review of the Evidence of Legacy of Major Sporting Events: July 2015 social Commonwealth Games research UPDATED REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE OF LEGACY OF MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS: JULY 2015 Communities Analytical Services Scottish Government Social Research July 2015 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Context of the literature review 1 Structure of the review 2 2. METHOD 3 Search strategy 3 Inclusion criteria 4 2015 Update Review Method 4 3. OVERVIEW OF AVAILABLE EVIDENCE 6 Legacy as a ‘concept’ and goal 6 London focus 7 4. FLOURISHING 8 Increase Growth of Businesses 8 Increase Movement into Employment and Training 13 Volunteering 17 Tourism Section 19 Conclusion 24 2015 Addendum to Flourishing Theme 25 5. SUSTAINABLE 28 Improving the physical and social environment 28 Demonstrating sustainable design and environmental responsibility 30 Strengthening and empowering communities 32 Conclusion 33 2015 Addendum to Sustainable Theme 33 6. ACTIVE 37 Physical activity and participation in sport 37 Active infrastructure 40 Conclusion 42 2015 Addendum to Active Theme 43 7. CONNECTED 44 Increase cultural engagement 44 Increase civic pride 46 Perception as a place for cultural activities 47 Enhance learning 49 Conclusion 49 2015 Addendum to Connected Theme 50 8. AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 51 9. CONCLUSIONS 52 10. REFERENCES 54 References 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2014 64 APPENDIX 67 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The aim of this evidence review is to establish whether major international multi-sport events can leave a legacy, and if so, what factors are important for making that happen. This edition of the original Kemlo and Owe (2014) review provides addendums to each legacy theme based on literature from 1st October 2013 to the end of September 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons Learned: Review of the 2002
    Lessons Learned Review of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester for DCMS, Sport England and Manchester City Council Final report December 2002 1 Contents Glossary Partnerships Terms of Reference Venues Introduction Procurement – public opinion of the Manchester Games – excluding capital works – why did it go so well? – key elements – capital works – why did it go so well? – other elements – key lessons learned from Manchester Finance Context – summary – budgeting Planning – a benchmark planning model Legacy – objectives Implications for future – defining the aim, setting the strategy and encouraging buy in – setting the scope and service level and developing a budget Bidding for future major events – testing, refining and delivering Elements of “Best Practice” Structure – profile of organisation – staffing – volunteer programme 2 Glossary Account Group Group representing Manchester disabled people’s MCC Manchester City Council organisations, managed and run by disabled people AGMA Association of Greater Manchester Authorities M2002 Manchester 2002 Ltd (the Organising Committee) BTA British Tourist Authority NGB National Governing Body CGA Commonwealth Games Association NWDA North West Development Agency CGF Commonwealth Games Federation OC Organising Committee CSF Critical Success Factor SE Sport England DCMS Department for Culture, Media and Sport SRB Single Regeneration Budget EAD Elite Athlete with Disability VSD Volunteer Services Department ETC English Tourism Council WAC World Athletics Championships FCO Foreign
    [Show full text]
  • 11 July 2006 Mumbai Train Bombings
    11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings July 2006 Mumbai train bombings One of the bomb-damaged coaches Location Mumbai, India Target(s) Mumbai Suburban Railway Date 11 July 2006 18:24 – 18:35 (UTC+5.5) Attack Type Bombings Fatalities 209 Injuries 714 Perpetrator(s) Terrorist outfits—Student Islamic Movement of India (SIMI), Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT; These are alleged perperators as legal proceedings have not yet taken place.) Map showing the 'Western line' and blast locations. The 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings were a series of seven bomb blasts that took place over a period of 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay), capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and India's financial capital. 209 people lost their lives and over 700 were injured in the attacks. Details The bombs were placed on trains plying on the western line of the suburban ("local") train network, which forms the backbone of the city's transport network. The first blast reportedly took place at 18:24 IST (12:54 UTC), and the explosions continued for approximately eleven minutes, until 18:35, during the after-work rush hour. All the bombs had been placed in the first-class "general" compartments (some compartments are reserved for women, called "ladies" compartments) of several trains running from Churchgate, the city-centre end of the western railway line, to the western suburbs of the city. They exploded at or in the near vicinity of the suburban railway stations of Matunga Road, Mahim, Bandra, Khar Road, Jogeshwari, Bhayandar and Borivali.
    [Show full text]
  • Commonwealth Games; Mr P
    CORRECTED VERSION PUBLIC ACCOUNTS AND ESTIMATES COMMITTEE Inquiry into 2002–03 budget estimates Melbourne – 26 June 2002 Members Ms A. P. Barker Mr T. J. Holding Mr R. W. Clark Mr P. J. Loney Ms S. M. Davies Mrs J. M. Maddigan Mr D. McL. Davis Mr G. K. Rich-Phillips Mr R. M. Hallam Mr T. C. Theophanous Chairman: Mr P. J. Loney Deputy Chairman: Mr R. M. Hallam Staff Executive Officer: Ms M. Cornwell Research Officers: Mr M. Holloway Witnesses Mr J. Madden, Minister for Commonwealth Games; Mr P. Allen, Secretary; and Dr P. Hertan, Deputy Director, Sport and Recreation Victoria, Department of Tourism, Sport and the Commonwealth Games. 26 June 2002 Public Accounts and Estimates Committee 414 The CHAIRMAN — I thank Mr Allen for his attendance, and I welcome Dr Peter Hertan, deputy director, Sport and Recreation Victoria. Mr MADDEN — Thank you very much, Mr Chairman, for the opportunity to brief the committee on Commonwealth Games matters. It is my first opportunity to brief the committee as Minister for Commonwealth Games, and I reinforce what a significant opportunity the Commonwealth Games are for Melbourne and Victoria. Overheads shown. Mr MADDEN — As you will appreciate, the Australian Commonwealth Games Association endorsed Melbourne’s bid in 1996, and the Commonwealth Games Federation ratified Melbourne as the host city in October 1999. Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Pty Ltd (M2006) was established out of the former bid company, and the Premier is the sole shareholder in the company and is honorary president of the organisation. Mr Ron Walker, OAM, is the chairman of the M2006 board, and the board comprises equal numbers of representatives from the Australian Commonwealth Games Association, the Commonwealth Games Federation and nominees of the state government.
    [Show full text]
  • Chief Executive Confirmed for Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee for Immediate Release, 17 January 2019
    MEDIA RELEASE Chief Executive confirmed for Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee For immediate release, 17 January 2019 Ian Reid has been confirmed as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) for the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee (OC), the team organising the largest event ever to be staged in the West Midlands. The 41-year-old from Kilmacolm, near Glasgow, was the Chief Financial Officer for the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games, working on that edition of the event for more than six years. Following the 2014 Games he was appointed to lead the Commercial Finance team and join the Board of Funkin Cocktails at AG Barr plc. Other previous roles include working as the Glasgow Housing Association’s Chief Financial Planner. Ian, who has held the post of Interim Chief Executive with the Birmingham Organising Committee since May last year, said: “I am delighted to have been confirmed as Chief Executive Officer for the Organising Committee and it’s an absolute honour to have been selected to lead the team. “Over the past eight months it’s been obvious to me that people from across Birmingham and the West Midlands are excited about the fantastic opportunities that hosting the Games provides. I’m determined that we will deliver an event that the city, the region and the whole country can be proud of and I’m committed to continuing to work closely with all of our partners to achieve this aim.” Ian Reid’s appointment was confirmed by John Crabtree, Chair of the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee who said: “I am absolutely thrilled that Ian has accepted the role of CEO.
    [Show full text]