Agelenidae Southern South America
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
First Record of Genus Eratigena (Araneae: Agelenidae) from China, with Description of a New Species
PREPRINT Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 20/05/2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e68917 First record of genus Eratigena (Araneae: Agelenidae) from China, with description of a new species Zijian Shi, Luyu Wang, Zhisheng Zhang Disclaimer on biological nomenclature and use of preprints The preprints are preliminary versions of works accessible electronically in advance of publication of the final version. They are not issued for purposes of botanical, mycological or zoological nomenclature andare not effectively/validly published in the meaning of the Codes. Therefore, nomenclatural novelties (new names) or other nomenclatural acts (designations of type, choices of priority between names, choices between orthographic variants, or choices of gender of names)should NOT be posted in preprints. The following provisions in the Codes of Nomenclature define their status: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) Article 30.2: “An electronic publication is not effectively published if there is evidence within or associated with the publication that its content is merely preliminary and was, or is to be, replaced by content that the publisher considers final, in which case only the version with that final content is effectively published.” In order to be validly published, a nomenclatural novelty must be effectively published (Art. 32.1(a)); in order to take effect, other nomenclatural acts must be effectively published (Art. 7.10, 11.5, 53.5, 61.3, and 62.3). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) Article: 21.8.3: "Some works are accessible online in preliminary versions before the publication date of the final version. -
Common Kansas Spiders
A Pocket Guide to Common Kansas Spiders By Hank Guarisco Photos by Hank Guarisco Funded by Westar Energy Green Team, American Arachnological Society and the Chickadee Checkoff Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center i Table of Contents Introduction • 2 Arachnophobia • 3 Spider Anatomy • 4 House Spiders • 5 Hunting Spiders • 5 Venomous Spiders • 6-7 Spider Webs • 8-9 Other Arachnids • 9-12 Species accounts • 13 Texas Brown Tarantula • 14 Brown Recluse • 15 Northern Black Widow • 16 Southern & Western Black Widows • 17-18 Woodlouse Spider • 19 Truncated Cellar Spider • 20 Elongated Cellar Spider • 21 Common Cellar Spider • 22 Checkered Cobweb Weaver • 23 Quasi-social Cobweb Spider • 24 Carolina Wolf Spider • 25 Striped Wolf Spider • 26 Dotted Wolf Spider • 27 Western Lance Spider • 28 Common Nurseryweb Spider • 29 Tufted Nurseryweb Spider • 30 Giant Fishing Spider • 31 Six-spotted Fishing Spider • 32 Garden Ghost Spider Cover Photo: Cherokee Star-bellied Orbweaver ii Eastern Funnelweb Spider • 33 Eastern and Western Parson Spiders • 34 Garden Ghost Spider • 35 Bark Crab Spider • 36 Prairie Crab Spider • 37 Texas Crab Spider • 38 Black-banded Crab Spider • 39 Ridge-faced Flower Spider • 40 Striped Lynx Spider • 41 Black-banded Common and Convict Zebra Spiders • 42 Crab Spider Dimorphic Jumping Spider • 43 Bold Jumping Spider • 44 Apache Jumping Spider • 45 Prairie Jumping Spider • 46 Emerald Jumping Spider • 47 Bark Jumping Spider • 48 Puritan Pirate Spider • 49 Eastern and Four-lined Pirate Spiders • 50 Orchard Spider • 51 Castleback Orbweaver • 52 Triangulate Orbweaver • 53 Common & Cherokee Star-bellied Orbweavers • 54 Black & Yellow Garden Spider • 55 Banded Garden Spider • 56 Marbled Orbweaver • 57 Eastern Arboreal Orbweaver • 58 Western Arboreal Orbweaver • 59 Furrow Orbweaver • 60 Eastern Labyrinth Orbweaver • 61 Giant Long-jawed Orbweaver • 62 Silver Long-jawed Orbweaver • 63 Bowl and Doily Spider • 64 Filmy Dome Spider • 66 References • 67 Pocket Guides • 68-69 1 Introduction This is a guide to the most common spiders found in Kansas. -
Funnel Weaver Spiders (Funnel-Web Weavers, Grass Spiders)
Colorado Arachnids of Interest Funnel Weaver Spiders (Funnel-web weavers, Grass spiders) Class: Arachnida (Arachnids) Order: Araneae (Spiders) Family: Agelenidae (Funnel weaver Figure 1. Female grass spider on sheet web. spiders) Identification and Descriptive Features: Funnel weaver spiders are generally brownish or grayish spiders with a body typically ranging from1/3 to 2/3-inch when full grown. They have four pairs of eyes that are roughly the same size. The legs and body are hairy and legs usually have some dark banding. They are often mistaken for wolf spiders (Lycosidae family) but the size and pattern of eyes can most easily distinguish them. Like wolf spiders, the funnel weavers are very fast runners. Among the three most common genera (Agelenopsis, Hololena, Tegenaria) found in homes and around yards, Agelenopsis (Figures 1, 2 and 3) is perhaps most easily distinguished as it has long tail-like structures extending from the rear end of the body. These structures are the spider’s spinnerets, from which the silk emerges. Males of this genus have a unique and peculiarly coiled structure (embolus) on their pedipalps (Figure 3), the appendages next to the mouthparts. Hololena species often have similar appearance but lack the elongated spinnerets and male pedipalps have a normal clubbed appearance. Spiders within both genera Figure 2. Adult female of a grass spider, usually have dark longitudinal bands that run along the Agelenopsis sp. back of the cephalothorax and an elongated abdomen. Tegenaria species tend to have blunter abdomens marked with gray or black patches. Dark bands may also run along the cephalothorax, which is reddish brown with yellowish hairs in the species Tegenaria domestica (Figure 4). -
Spiders of Alberta: from Agelenidae to Uloboridae
Spiders of Alberta: from Agelenidae to Uloboridae Dr. Heather Proctor University of Alberta for the Edmonton Nature Club, 7 Feb 2019 (selected slides for posting; photos (c) H. Proctor unless otherwise noted) Canadian and Albertan diversity • 1477 species of spiders in 45 families known from Canada – may be up to 1800 spp. • 657 species in 28 families known from Alberta 631 of the 657 species are included here from https://www.albertaparks.ca/media/6255191/list-of-elements-ab-invertebrates-spiders.xlsx The 28 families of spiders known from Alberta • no mygalomorph spiders in AB, only araneomorph • Division Synspermiata – Pholcioidea: Pholcidae, Telemidae • Division Entelegynae – Araneoidea: Theridiidae, Araneidae, Linyphiidae, Mysmenidae, Mimetidae, Tetragnathidae – Uloboroidea: Uloboridae – Titanoecoidea: Titanoecidae – Amaurobioidea: Amaurobiidae – Desoidea: Desidae – Agelenoidea: Dictynidae, Cybaeidae, Hahniidae, Agelenidae – Lycosoidea: Oxyopidae, Thomisidae, Pisauridae, Lycosidae – Salticoidea: Salticidae, Philodromidae, Corinnidae, Eutichuridae – Anyphaenoidea: Anyphaenidae, Clubionidae – Liocranoidea: Liocranidae – Trochanteroidea: Phrurolithidae, Gnaphosidae mygalomorphs from BC, Antrodiaetus sp. Linyphiidae 261 Gnaphosidae 51 Lycosidae 50 Salticidae 45 Number of species known Dictynidae 36 from each family in Alberta Thomisidae 37 Theridiidae 36 (based on Robb Bennett’s Araneidae 32 personal list, 7 Feb 2019) Philodromidae 29 Clubionidae 17 Tetragnathidae 14 Hahniidae 10 Amaurobiidae 7 Agelenidae 6 Corinnidae 3 Phrurolithidae -
The Spider Genus Tegenaria in the Western Hemisphere (Agelenidae)
oxfitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. I0024 NUMBER 2323 JUNE I 9, I 968 The Spider Genus Tegenaria in the Western Hemisphere (Agelenidae) BY VINCENT D. ROTH1 The genus Tegenaria contains some of the most common and wide- spread spiders. One of these, the "house spider," Tegenaria domestica (Clerck), the best known, is found in and near habitations of man throughout the world. Several other species of Tegenaria are extending their ranges in many parts of the world. Recent introductions include T saeva Blackwall into southwestern Canada, T. pagana C. L. Koch into the southern and western United States and Chile, and T. agrestis (Walckenaer) into the Pacific Northwest. In 1952 I reviewed the genus Tegenaria in North America and placed many of the species described, mainly by American workers, into syn- onymy. Later, after a belated study of European Tegenaria, more syn- onymy was discovered and noted in the literature (Roth, 1956). Now, 11 years later, additional material is at hand, and more detailed studies are available on some of the species concerned (Dresco, 1957; Denis, 1959), necessitating an up-to-date review of the genus. My original belief that all species of Tegenaria in the Western Hemi- sphere were introduced (Roth, 1956, p. 175) was weakened by the dis- covery of undescribed forms of Tegenaria in caves near Mexico City in late 1956, and finally disproved in 1963 with the discovery of a species in the Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains in southeastern Arizona. 1 Resident Director, Southwestern Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History, Portal, Arizona. -
Common Spiders of the Chicago Region 1 the Field Museum – Division of Environment, Culture, and Conservation
An Introduction to the Spiders of Chicago Wilderness, USA Common Spiders of the Chicago Region 1 The Field Museum – Division of Environment, Culture, and Conservation Produced by: Jane and John Balaban, North Branch Restoration Project; Rebecca Schillo, Conservation Ecologist, The Field Museum; Lynette Schimming, BugGuide.net. © ECCo, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [http://fieldmuseum.org/IDtools] [[email protected]] version 2, 2/2012 Images © Tom Murray, Lynette Schimming, Jane and John Balaban, and others – Under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License (non-native species listed in red) ARANEIDAE ORB WEAVERS Orb Weavers and Long-Jawed Orb Weavers make classic orb webs made famous by the book Charlotte’s Web. You can sometimes tell a spider by its eyes, most have eight. This chart shows the orb weaver eye arrangement (see pg 6 for more info) 1 ARANEIDAE 2 Argiope aurantia 3 Argiope trifasciata 4 Araneus marmoreus Orb Weaver Spider Web Black and Yellow Argiope Banded Argiope Marbled Orbweaver ORB WEAVERS are classic spiders of gardens, grasslands, and woodlands. The Argiope shown here are the large grassland spiders of late summer and fall. Most Orb Weavers mature in late summer and look slightly different as juveniles. Pattern and coloring can vary in some species such as Araneus marmoreus. See the link for photos of its color patterns: 5 Araneus thaddeus 6 Araneus cingulatus 7 Araneus diadematus 8 Araneus trifolium http://bugguide.net/node/view/2016 Lattice Orbweaver Cross Orbweaver Shamrock Orbweaver 9 Metepeira labyrinthea 10 Neoscona arabesca 11 Larinioides cornutus 12 Araniella displicata 13 Verrucosa arenata Labyrinth Orbweaver Arabesque Orbweaver Furrow Orbweaver Sixspotted Orbweaver Arrowhead Spider TETRAGNATHIDAE LONG-JAWED ORB WEAVERS Leucauge is a common colorful spider of our gardens and woodlands, often found hanging under its almost horizontal web. -
Homeowner Guide to Spiders Around the Home and Yard
HOMEOWNER Guide to by Edward John Bechinski, Dennis J. Schotzko, and Craig R. Baird BUL 871 Spiders around the home and yard “Even the two potentially most harmful spiders – the black widow and the hobo spider – rarely injure people in Idaho.” TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK GUIDE TO COMMON SPIDERS . .4 PART 1 SPIDER PRIMER . .6 Basic external body structure . .6 Spider biology & behavior . .7 Spider bites . .8 PART 2 COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED SPIDERS . .10 Web-spinning spider •funnel-web weavers . .11 •orb weavers . .11 •sheet-web spiders . .12 •cellar spiders . .12 •cobweb weavers . .13 Spiders that do not spin webs Active hunters •jumping spiders . .14 Lie-and-wait ambush hunter •trapdoor spider . .15 •crab spiders . .15 •wolf spiders . .16 •tarantulas . .17 Daddy longlegs . .17 PART 3 POISONOUS SPIDERS IN IDAHO . .18 •western black widow . .18 •hobo spider . .20 •yellow sac spider . .22 •brown recluse spider . .22 PART 4 DEALING WITH SPIDERS AROUND THE HOME . .24 MYTHS ABOUT SPIDERS #1 A sleeping person swallows eight spiders per year . .9 #2 Daddy longlegs are the most poisonous spiders known . .18 #3 Widow-makers . .20 #4 Hobos are the spiders with “boxing gloves” . .21 #5 Hobo spiders are unusually aggressive . .22 Spiders around the home and yard 3 QUICK GUIDE TO COMMON SPIDERS IN IDAHO Note: spiders are shown as typical life-size adults; immatures will be smaller Spiders on webs If web looks like a . and the web is located . and the spider looks like . then it might be . vertical bull’s-eye of concentric outside under the eaves OR orb weaver rings between landscape plants see page 11 30 mm flat trampoline that narrows into a outside on evergreen shrubs and funnel-web weaver funnel rock gardens OR inside the corners see page 11 of basements and garages 40 mm messy cobweb inside garage, shed, basement, cellar spider crawlspace OR outside under decks see page 12 OR 40 mm cobweb weaver 10 mm see page 13 thin, small oval purse outside within a rolled-up leaf OR sac spider inside along ceiling and wall 8 mm see page 22 Spiders NOT on webs If the spider is . -
Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders
18 FROM: Ubick, D., P. Paquin, P.E. Cushing, andV. Roth (eds). 2005. Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. 377 pages. Chapter 2 PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPIDERS Jonathan A. Coddington ARACHNIDA eyes, jumping spiders also share many other anatomical, Spiders are one of the eleven orders of the class Arach- behavioral, ecological, and physiological features. Most nida, which also includes groups such as harvestmen (Opil- important for the field arachnologist they all jump, a useful iones), ticks and mites (Acari), scorpions (Scorpiones), false bit of knowledge if you are trying to catch one. Taxonomic scorpions (Pseudoscorpiones), windscorpions (Solifugae), prediction works in reverse as well: that spider bouncing and vinegaroons (Uropygi). All arachnid orders occur in about erratically in the bushes is almost surely a salticid. North America. Arachnida today comprises approximately Another reason that scientists choose to base classifica- 640 families, 9000 genera, and 93,000 described species, but tion on phylogeny is that evolutionary history (like all his- the current estimate is that untold hundreds of thousands tory) is unique: strictly speaking, it only happened once. of new mites, substantially fewer spiders, and several thou- That means there is only one true reconstruction of evolu- sand species in the remaining orders, are still undescribed tionary history and one true phylogeny: the existing clas- (Adis & Harvey 2000, reviewed in Coddington & Colwell sification is either correct, or it is not. In practice it can be 2001, Coddington et ol. 2004). Acari (ticks and mites) are complicated to reconstruct the true phylogeny of spiders by far the most diverse, Araneae (spiders) second, and the and to know whether any given reconstruction (or classifi- remaining taxa orders of magnitude less diverse. -
PLS 116 How to Identify Or Misidentify the Hobo Spider
PLS 116 How to identify (or misidentify) the hobo spider Rick Vetter and Art Antonelli Since the late 1980s, many people in Washington have been concerned about the hobo spider because it has been blamed as the cause of dermatologic wounds. We offer here a guide to help identify some medium-sized Washington spiders found in homes. However, keep in mind that without a microscope you may not be able to identify hobo spiders and may have to settle for determining that your spider is NOT a hobo spider. This may be frustrating and not the goal you had in mind, however, quite often the question is not "What spider do I have?" but "Do I have a hobo spider?" You should be able to learn enough to eliminate many spiders from consideration without a microscope and sometimes with just the naked eye. Most people want a world with simple black/white answers but you must realize that there many shades of gray in between and this is the reality of spider identification. This publication was initiated discriminatory skills up a notch, with because there is no currently a little practice, you should be able to available guide to spider confidently determine the identification for the person with characteristics of spiders that are limited arachnological skills. Most of NOT hobo spiders, which will be the the previous guides for hobo spider majority of the medium-sized spiders identification try to give a simplistic you will encounter. way to discern hobo spiders. We have found that many well- intentioned people misconstrue the information and confidently misidentify their non-hobo spider as a hobo. -
Martín J. Ramírez, Cristian Grismado & Theo Blick
ARTÍCULO: NOTES ON THE SPIDER FAMILY AGELENIDAE IN SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) Martín J. Ramírez, Cristian Grismado & Theo Blick Abstract: The spider family Agelenidae is represented in southern South America only by three synanthropic, originally Palearctic species of Tegenaria: T. domestica (Clerck), T. pagana C. L. Koch and T. parietina (Fourcroy), the last of these newly recorded from the Western Hemisphere. The other records of Agelenidae in southern South America are misidentifications: Coreidon tropicum Mello-Leitão, from Brazil, is transferred to Strotarchus Simon (Miturgidae), Hicanodon cinerea Tullgren, from Argentina, is transferred to the Amaurobiidae, and Philoicides pallidus Mello-Leitão, from Argentina, is synonymized with Tegenaria pagana. Mevianops fragilis (Mello-Leitão) from Colombia, is synonymized with Tegenaria domestica. New South American records of Tegenaria ARTÍCULO: species are provided. The female genitalia of Hicanodon cinerea are illustrated. Key words: Araneae, Agelenidae, Miturgidae, Amaurobiidae, Tegenaria, taxonomy, South Notes on the spider family America. Agelenidae in southern South Taxonomy: America (Arachnida: Araneae) Tegenaria Latreille 1804, = Philoicides Mello-Leitão, 1944, new synonymy. Martín J. Ramírez, = Mevianops Mello-Leitão, 1941, new synonymy. Cristian Grismado Tegenaria domestica (Clerck 1757), Museo Argentino de Ciencias = Mevianops fragilis Mello- Leitão 1941, new synonymy. Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Tegenaria pagana C. L. Koch 1840, División Aracnología. = Philoicides -
Common Spiders of New York
This brochure contains 11 species and groups of spiders that are most commonly encountered in New York. For additional help identifying spiders, you should purchase a guide at a local bookstore or search the internet for spiders. piders evoke a combination of curiosity and All spiders produce silk—thin, incredibly strong horror in people of all ages. Spiders’ seeming protein strands produced from various glands in the ability to appear suddenly out of nowhere on abdomen and extruded through microscopic spigots their fine silk lines can startle anyone. But their arranged on muscular spinnerets, which are located at frightening reputation is largely undeserved. the tip of the abdomen. Depending on the gland used, Spiders are fascinating creatures! The webs of many silk has different properties: some is sticky for catching species are intricate architectural wonders. They are prey; but most are non-sticky and are used to cover egg superb predators that capture more prey than all other sacs, construct parts of webs, wrap prey, or make terrestrial predators combined. Spiders can be masters waterproof retreats. While not all spiders use silk to of stealth—blending into their surroundings or hiding so capture prey, they all use silk to produce draglines, two well that they are often overlooked. fine strands that are continuously released wherever While both insects and spiders are in the phylum the spider walks. Many small spiders use these lines to Arthropoda, spiders are in the class Arachnida, which disperse long distances, simply extruding a bit of also contains scorpions, harvestmen, pseudoscorpions dragline into the breeze which carries them away. -
Common Spiders of Washington
COMMON SPIDERS OF WASHINGTON By Michael R. Bush, Regional Extension Specialist, Yakima County Extension, Washington State University, Union Gap, WA. Todd A. Murray, Unit Extension Director, Washington State University, Pullman, WA. Sharon Collman, Extension Educator, Snohomish County Extension, Washington State University, Everett, WA. Dave Pehling, Extension Educator, Snohomish County Extension, Washington State University, Everett, WA. Dale Whaley, Regional Extension Specialist, Douglas County, Washington State University, Waterville, WA. Richard Zack, Regional Extension Specialist, Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA EM113E EM113E | Page 1 | extension.wsu.edu WSU EXTENSION | COMMON SPIDERS OF WASHINGTON Common Spiders of Washington Introduction Wherever you find insects, you are likely to find spiders lurking nearby. All spiders are predators that have coevolved with their prey—primarily insects and other arthropods. Spiders have evolved numerous and fascinating strategies to trap, stalk, ambush, or hunt live insects. All spiders possess mouthparts, in the form of fangs, to subdue their prey. Thus, all spiders can bite, and some of them are large enough to bite humans and pets, but only in self-defense. Here in the Pacific Northwest, only one species of spider has been documented as venomous to humans. The objective of this publication is to help residents, gardeners, and naturalists recognize the most common spiders found in Washington State and appreciate them as beneficial organisms. This publication also seeks to reduce human exposure to the nuisance of, and bites from, spiders. Spider Morphology and General Biology Figure 1. Dorsal view of stylized spider with key features Spiders are not insects, but they are closely related to them.