DOCSLIB.ORG

Medicinal Cannabis in Barbados an Industry Poised for Growth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Medicinal Cannabis in Barbados an Industry Poised for Growth Medicinal Cannabis in Barbados An Industry Poised for Growth Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley and creating new jobs, new opportunities for her government are working on a local businesses and new revenues for the framework for the legalization of government. The legalization of medicinal cannabis in Barbados. Ms. medicinal cannabis also presents great Mottley has noted Barbados can no opportunity for international investors. longer a ord to miss out on the emerging, multi-billion-dollar global Local Sector Creation cannabis industry. The Barbados business sector is poised Left to right: The legalization of medicinal cannabis to experience significant positive Chris Sulaiman, CPA, CA marks a significant transition for a disruption should the cannabis industry Tax Manager, Tax & Legal, conservative Barbadian society. However, and all its potential for Barbados be Deloitte to maximize Barbados’ global market embraced. It can create new Ché Waithe share and overall impact of the cannabis opportunities for research, cultivation, Senior Consultant, Strategy & market, the government will need to manufacturing, exportation and quality Operations, Deloitte complete proper due diligence, which control standards. As cannabis legislation Kishmar Lorde includes considering social opposition, continues to evolve, there is a greater Associate, Tax & Legal, Deloitte sensitization process and socio-economic need for quality control. There is currently factors. Nevertheless, this dynamic and no standard body for governing and sophisticated sector can be a catalyst in stipulating the quality control and 92 / businessbarbados.com 93 / businessbarbados.com Medicinal Cannabis in Barbados - An Industry Poised for Growth assurance requirements; however, this neighbours: Jamaica (25%), St. Vincent whether for medicinal purposes and/or presents an opportunity for the Barbados (16%) and Antigua (25%). Notably, these recreational, is a complex e ort, whereby government to partner with and involve three territories were among the first in the needs of diverse stakeholders must best-in-class companies and talent in the Caribbean to have passed cannabis be delicately balanced. Public safety – cannabis quality control. legislation. from a health, security and justice Barbados has hectares of unused or The international business regime in perspective – is paramount. At the same underutilized land, which could become Barbados is well-established to host time, there is a strong desire to foster the main vehicle for extensive cultivation international entities which are a part of innovation and entrepreneurship across and manufacturing of cannabis and the medicinal cannabis industry. CARICOM and to show the world that a cannabis by-products in Barbados. The International entities seeking to register well-regulated, well-run, highly University of the West Indies has cannabis entities in Barbados are required professional cannabis industry can be a established the Cannabis Research Group to meet the economic substance positive contributor to a national to cultivate cannabis for research guidelines These guidelines can be economy. purposes and is set to establish an beneficial to cultivators, manufacturers Barbados will also have to strongly institute to coordinate research e orts on and the general labour force through the consider correspondent banking medicinal and commercial products of transfer of knowledge, thereby improving relationships. As countries push to cannabis. the skills of the local workforce. At the decriminalize cannabis, it can be an Legalization presents an opportunity same time, cannabis business can be opportunity to reinforce Barbados as a for Barbados to globally leverage beneficial to incoming international global hub for cannabis companies, with research strengths and become a leading entities as they can access the highly- the ability to pay dividends and interest global authority on cannabis quality skilled and well-rounded labour force. to global foreign companies with no control and assurance. In many countries In addition to quality control issues from respective governments or where medicinal cannabis is legalized, involvement as aforementioned, strong central banks. On the other hand, governance bodies are already in place in strategic partnerships between the countries like the United States, where response to the need for global government and experienced investors cannabis remains a federally illicit standards. In 2015, Jamaica created the with knowledge of the sector can be substance, could face banking issues, as Cannabis Licensing Authority to establish beneficial to both parties in terms of profits from cannabis are viewed to be and regulate Jamaica’s legal cannabis and business facilitation and the development derived from unlawful activities and hemp industry. While in Canada, of human capital. rejected by a correspondence bank. approximately $800 million was spent on medical cannabis in 2018. Other Considerations Conclusion These opportunities not only represent There are several other considerations The globalization of cannabis has caught Barbados’ ability to compete as a global that need to be thought out. With Canada on around the world. For those player, they also support the being the first G7 nation to fully stakeholders involved, there will be requirements for attracting and sustaining decriminalize the use of cannabis, continued lessons to be learned. As high quality local and foreign investment Barbados can make e orts to utilize Barbados embarks on the first steps into . available resources, such as working the legalization of medicinal cannabis, International Sector Creation groups and accounting or consulting there will be several opportunities for Specifically, in the international sector, firms. Deloitte, a global leader in the revenue growth, collaboration with there is potential for the cannabis Cannabis Sector, issued a 2018 Cannabis neighbouring islands and building business to strive. Barbados is recognized Report, in which several considerations relationships with global cannabis as a global hub for international business are applicable to Barbados. This report professionals and entities. because of its attractive tax incentives, notes that the legalization of cannabis, compliance with international best practices and standards, and skilled labour force in providing weightless ...this dynamic and sophisticated sector professional services. Barbados has a wide double-taxation treaty network and can be a catalyst in creating new jobs, is recognized as a transparent jurisdiction for international business with procedures new opportunities for local businesses and for information exchange and disclosure. There are 31 concluded treaties that allow new revenues for the government. The foreign investors in the international legalization of medicinal cannabis also cannabis sector to access certain treaty incentives. The island also o ers presents great opportunity for competitive tax rates for businesses at 5.5 % to 1 %, as compared to its Caribbean international investors. 94 / businessbarbados.com.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Highs and Lows of Startups in the Cannabis Industry: a Pestle Analysis of the Current Issues
    THE HIGHS AND LOWS OF STARTUPS IN THE CANNABIS INDUSTRY: A PESTLE ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT ISSUES Jeffrey E. Anderson California State University, Los Angeles Mine Üçok Hughes California State University, Los Angeles Carlin Nguyen California State University, Los Angeles SUMMARY: With recreational cannabis now legal in ten US states, illegal cannabis growing operations are increasingly being replaced with regulated, taxed, and licensed businesses. Sales are predicted to increase roughly 35% from 2017, to more than $8 billion by the end of 2018, and to $22 billion by 2022. Projections like these have contributed to a startup boom in the cannabis industry unseen since the tech boom of the late 1990s. The aim of this paper is to highlight the unique issues faced by startups in the cannabis industry. We examine the elements that influence the cannabis startups by using the PESTLE framework which includes political, economic, social, technological, legal and ecological factors. We identify three types of cannabis startups and provide a brief analysis of differences between them as well as the challenges that they all face. Introduction With recreational use of cannabis currently legalized in ten US states, illegal cannabis growing operations are steadily being supplanted with regulated, taxed, and licensed businesses. Companies operating in these states are now able to legally produce and sell marijuana in their respective states. The 2018 Marijuana Business Factbook predicts sales to increase roughly 35% from 2017, to more than $8 billion by the end of the year (Marijuana Business Daily, 2018). By 2022, sales in the United States are projected to increase by 250%, to $22 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Nurturing New Growth Canada Gets Ready for Cannabis 2.0 Table of Contents
    Nurturing new growth Canada gets ready for Cannabis 2.0 Table of contents Introduction 1 Cannabis 2.0: Canadian survey insights 4 Perspectives on Cannabis 2.0 22 The way forward: Thriving in a Cannabis 2.0 world 30 Remain bold 32 Nurturing new growth | Canada gets ready for Cannabis 2.0 | Introduction Introduction ll eyes remain on Canada as it prepares for the next stage of cannabis legalization—a step that will keep A the country firmly at the vanguard of a societal revolution and a new industry exploding with potential. “Cannabis 2.0” will see edibles containing cannabis and cannabis concentrates become legal on October 17, 2019. Their legalization will mean seven classes of cannabis products will be approved for sale in Canada, as dried cannabis, cannabis oil, fresh cannabis, cannabis plants, cannabis plant seeds, were legalized in 2018. The speed with which Canada’s cannabis industry has evolved over the past 18 months has been truly remarkable. In this, our third annual report on Canada’s cannabis industry, Deloitte has taken a broader approach in our research. As in previous years, we conducted comprehensive market research to understand Canadian consumer sentiment on cannabis edibles and other alternative products coming with Cannabis 2.0 legalization. The introduction of these new products is creating new opportunities in product mixes, reaching new cannabis consumers not fully comfortable with traditional consumption methods currently available. 1 Nurturing new growth | Canada gets ready for Cannabis 2.0 | Introduction As well, we explore trends and Our research suggests that the new However, we do need to acknowledge issues affecting the cannabis sector, alternative cannabis products becoming that Canada’s legal recreational drawing on extensive interviews and legal in late 2019 will be a significant cannabis industry is still in its infancy.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Impact of Cannabis in San Diego County
    Economic Impact of Cannabis in San Diego County 2021 California State University San Marcos Cannabis Points of Contact: (CSUSM) Virginia Casey, Blue Water Government Office of Business Research and Analysis Affairs, Communications Director (OBRA) Dallin Young, Blue Water Government Affairs, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Road President San Marcos, CA 92096 www.csusm.edu/coba Research Team Leads: Johnny Martinez Cannabis Organization: Sofia Rodriguez Dallin Young President Research Team Members: Blue Water Government Affairs Amanda Boudreault Samantha Hoover Publishers: Riley McLaughlin Miguel de Jesus, CSUSM Liz Yocom Roger Herzler, CSUSM Judith Opdahl, CSUSM Layout: Amanda Boudreault Administrative Support Sofia Rodriguez Giselle Bazan For questions about this report, contact: Miguel de Jesus [email protected] (760) 750 - 4266 Executive Summary The cannabis industry has gone through many series of events that has brought it to the billion dollar industry it is today. Since its move from the illicit market, to the legalization of medicinal cannabis in 1996, and continued positive shifts of perceptions of cannabis, there has been exponential growth in the industry. The Office of Business Research and Analysis (OBRA) has analyzed the general impact of the cannabis industry in San Diego County. Throughout this research, OBRA sought to find how adult-use and medicinal cannabis sales increases in revenue and influences the community regarding finances, police enforcement, cannabis license types, public health, and social equity. The cannabis industry yields a considerable amount of revenue to municipalities from cannabis city taxes. Data from public records requests from the cities of San Diego, La Mesa, and Vista illustrate the amount of money by quarter that each city has brought in since their legalization of medicinal cannabis and or adult-use cannabis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multifaceted Approach to Address Variation in Cannabis Sativa
    University of Northern Colorado Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC Dissertations Student Research 5-2019 A Multifaceted Approach to Address Variation in Cannabis Sativa Anna Louise Schwabe Follow this and additional works at: https://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Schwabe, Anna Louise, "A Multifaceted Approach to Address Variation in Cannabis Sativa" (2019). Dissertations. 554. https://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations/554 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2019 ANNA LOUISE SCHWABE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO Greeley, Colorado The Graduate School A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO ADDRESS VARIATION IN CANNABIS SATIVA A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anna Louise Schwabe College of Natural and Health Sciences School of Biological Sciences Biological Education May 2019 This Dissertation by: Anna Louise Schwabe Entitled: A Multifaceted Approach to Address Variation in Cannabis sativa has been approved as meeting the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in College of Natural and Health Sciences in School of Biological Sciences, Program of Biological Education. Accepted by the Doctoral Committee ____________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Adapting a Regulatory Framework for the Emerging Cannabis Industry
    OCTOBER 2019 Learn more about NCIA’s Policy Council TheCannabisIndustry.org/PolicyCouncil National Cannabis Industry Association TheCannabisIndustry.org ADAPTING A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE EMERGING CANNABIS INDUSTRY National Cannabis Industry Association (NCIA) Adapting a Proven Regulatory Framework for the Emerging Cannabis Industry Table of Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 INTRODUCTION 11 LEGAL STATE OF CANNABIS IN THE UNITED STATES 13 CURRENT LEGISLATIVE EFFORTS 14 CANNABIS PRODUCTS 15 REMOVING THE OUTDATED REGULATORY STRUCTURE 16 ESTABLISHING A NEW REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 19 SOCIAL EQUITY 20 LANE #1: Pharmaceutical Drugs 23 LANE #2: Ingested, Inhaled, or Topically Applied THC Products 31 LANE #3: Ingested and Inhaled Cannabinoid Products with Low/No THC 40 LANE #4: Topically Applied Low THC Products 43 CONCLUSION National Cannabis Industry Association (NCIA) Adapting a Proven Regulatory Framework for the Emerging Cannabis Industry Executive Summary For almost a century, the United States government has criminalized the production, distribution, and sale of cannabis. However, this era of prohibition has been crumbling in the face of voter and, increasingly, legislative revolt. Even as these federal laws remain unchanged, most states have legalized some form of medical cannabis, and eleven states and the District of Columbia have changed their laws to regulate adult-use cannabis in a manner similar to alcohol. Moreover, Congress recently removed hemp (and any cannabinoids derived therefrom) from the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), legalizing
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabis Industry and Edibles
    CANNABIS INDUSTRY AND EDIBLES LABOUR MARKET REPORT ABOUT US Food Processing Skills Canada (FPSC) is the food and beverage manufacturing industry’s workforce development organization. As a non-profit, located in Ottawa with representatives across Canada, we support food and beverage manufacturing businesses from coast to coast in developing skilled and professional employees and workplace environments. Our work directly and positively impacts industry talent attraction, workforce retention and employment culture. We care about assisting the industry in finding, training and retaining the very best people for the job. Through our partnerships with industry, associations, educators and all levels of This project was funded by the Government of Canada’s Sectoral Initiatives Program. governments in Canada, FPSC has developed exceptional resources for The opinions and interpretations in this publication are those of the author and do not the sector including the Food Skills Library™, Canadian Food Processors necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada. Institute™, FoodCert™ and Labour Market Information Reports. ISBN 978-1-989541-56-2 Copyright © 2020 Food Processing Skills Canada All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication, whether it is reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (including electronic, mechanical, photographic, photocopying or recording), without the prior written permission of the Food Processing Skills Canada is an infringement of copyright law. Food Processing
    [Show full text]
  • A Baseline Review and Assessment of the Massachusetts Adult-Use Cannabis Industry: Market Data and Industry Participation
    A Baseline Review and Assessment of the Massachusetts Adult-Use Cannabis Industry: Market Data and Industry Participation February 2020 Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission: Steven J. Hoffman, Chairman Kay Doyle, Commissioner Jennifer Flanagan, Commissioner Britte McBride, Commissioner Shaleen Title, Commissioner Shawn Collins, Executive Director Prepared by the Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission Research and Information Technology Departments: Samantha M. Doonan, BA, Research Analyst David McKenna, PhD, Chief Technology Officer Julie K. Johnson, PhD, Director of Research Acknowledgements External Collaborators Alexandra F. Kritikos, MA, Brandeis University Cannabis Control Commission Communications Cedric Sinclair, Director of Communications Maryalice Gill, Press Secretary Kirsten Swenson, Communications Specialist Management Alisa Stack, Chief Operating Officer Erika Scibelli, Chief of Staff Legal Christine Baily, General Counsel Allie DeAngelis, Associate General Counsel Enforcement and Licensing Yaw Gyebi, Chief of Enforcement Paul Payer, Enforcement Counsel Kyle Potvin, Director of Licensing Patrick Beyea, Director of Investigations Derek Chamberlin, Licensing Analyst Anne DiMare, Licensing Specialist Government Affairs David Lakeman, Director of Government Affairs 2 Suggested bibliographic reference format: Doonan SM., McKenna, D., Johnson JK., (2020, February). A Baseline Review and Assessment of the Massachusetts Adult-Use Cannabis Industry— A Report to the Massachusetts Legislature. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Cannabis
    [Show full text]
  • New Years Resolutions for the Canadian Cannabis Industry
    December 15, 2020 New Years Resolutions for the Canadian Cannabis Industry There was a lot of economic optimism and 3. Keep telling the economic story to those excitement when Canada became the first who need to hear it. The industry has led large, developed country in the world to legalize to the creation of thousands of new jobs, recreational cannabis for adult use in 2018. While hundreds of millions in infrastructure this new industry and governments alike have investment, reinvigorated retail areas and accomplished an incredible amount in the two spurred new innovative technologies, years since, it was anything but smooth sailing for processes and products. Yet, this story is cannabis businesses even before the COVID-19 not well known by Canadians and pandemic added even more challenges. So as governments have been largely reluctant 2020 (finally) comes to a close, here are some to acknowledge the economic impacts New Years resolutions for the industry looking of the industry. The economic footprint of ahead to 2021. cannabis in Canada is continuing increase and the industry must find new ways of sharing this good news. 1. Move on from 2020. Despite being mostly excluded from government loan 4. Keep investing energy in educating programs, producers can be proud of governments and advocating for sensible keeping their doors open and employees policy changes. In a new, highly safe during the pandemic. In the face of regulated, and stigmatized sector, all uncertainty over provincial essential orders of government have been service designations, retailers fought cautious and reluctant in their approach strongly for the ability to offer curbside to cannabis policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Effective Public Management
    Effective Public Management June 2016 Bootleggers, Baptists, bureaucrats, and bongs: How special interests will shape marijuana legalization By Philip Wallach and Jonathan Rauch INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ast November, the campaign for a state constitutional amendment in Ohio provided a glimpse of one possible future of marijuana legalization. Four other states and the District of Columbia Lhad already passed legalization initiatives, but Ohio’s was different. Its terms would have restricted marijuana production to ten sites—all of which were in the hands of the initiative’s financial backers, who had put up more than $20 million to pass the initiative. Voters and even many legalization advocates, offended by the nakedly self-serving terms of the proposal, rejected it, but the effort amounted to a wake-up call. Where there are markets, regula- tions, and money, special interests and self-serving behavior will not be far away. However desirable Philip Wallach is a senior fellow in technocratic regulation might (or might not) seem in principle, interest-group politics and bureaucratic Governance Studies at priorities will shape the way marijuana is legalized and regulated—probably increasingly over time. the Brookings Institution. In and of itself, that fact is neither good nor bad; it is inevitable. But it calls for some careful thinking about how interest-group politics and the search for economic rents (as economists call protections favoring certain market participants over others) may inflect or infect one of the most important and challenging policy reforms of the modern era. Why did legalization of marijuana break through in the face of what had long been overwhelming interest-group resistance? In a post-disruption world, how might the key social and bureaucratic Jonathan Rauch is actors reorganize and reassert themselves? As legalization ushers in a “new normal” of marijuana- a senior fellow in related regulation and lobbying, what kinds of pitfalls and opportunities lie ahead? In this paper, we Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabis Testing Policy: Recommendations for More Thoughtful and Consistent Regulations Acknowledgements
    JULY 2018 Learn more about NCIA’s Policy Council TheCannabisIndustry.org/PolicyCouncil National Cannabis Industry Association TheCannabisIndustry.org CANNABIS TESTING POLICY: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MORE THOUGHTFUL AND CONSISTENT REGULATIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NCIA’S POLICY COUNCIL would like to thank the individuals who donated their time, energy, and ideas as members of our Testing Policy Working Group. In a process that was managed and facilitated by Andrew Livingston of VS Strategies on behalf of the Policy Council, Working Group members participated in 10 hours of conference calls and provided comments on numerous drafts of recommendations. We could not have produced the thoughtful recommendations in this document without their collective insight and expertise. We should note, however, that the involvement of these individuals in the process should not be considered an endorsement by them of any specific recommendation contained herein. NCIA POLICY COUNCIL TESTING POLICY WORKING GROUP MEMBERS Susan Audino, Ph.D. Grant D. Orvis, Ph.D. SAAudino and Associates, LLC. BoCo Famrs Sonia Erika Jeffrey C. Raber, Ph.D. Massachusetts Recreational Consumer Council The Werc Shop Douglas Fischer Alena Rodriguez, M.S. NACB Rm3 Labs Kevin M. George Dr. Markus Roggen Cannabis Testing Consultant OutCo Mowgli Holmes Dr. Mark Scialdone Phylos Bioscience Culta Processing Shawn Kassner Jordan Wellington Neptune and Company, Inc. VS Strategies/NCIA Policy Council Andrew Livingston Michael Wheeler VS Strategies/NCIA Policy Council Flow Kana Paul Muchowsk, Ph.D. Seth Wong Dr. Paul’s TEQ Analytical Laboratories WE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK the following companies and firms for providing financial support or other resources to the Policy Council during the research and drafting phase of this project: Canndescent MedMen Eden Labs MJ Freeway Flow Kana Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Gender on Cannabis Policy and Sales
    The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/2040-8021.htm The cannabis The cannabis industry within the industry USA: the influence of gender on within the cannabis policy and sales USA Casey Camors, Stacy L. Chavez and Andrea M. Romi Department of Accounting, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA Received 1 December 2018 Revised 11 March 2019 4 September 2019 5 December 2019 Accepted 5 December 2019 Abstract Purpose – Motivated by upper echelon theory, this paper aims to examine the association between gender and the cannabis industry in the USA from both policy and an organizational perspective. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines two novel data sets in two legal adult-use cannabis states. First, it examines how city council gender diversity relates to city opt-out measure decisions, barring cannabis operations and forgoing related tax revenues. Second, it examines how management gender diversity relates to organizational performance. Findings – Results suggest that, from a policy perspective, cities with higher council gender diversity are less likely to propose an opt-out measure to city taxpayers. From an organizational perspective, results suggest that female representation at the highest level is associated with higher sales in the retail sector of the cannabis industry. Research limitations/implications – Findings are somewhat limited by data availability and may not be generalizable to all adult-use legal states. While the study recognizes the possibility of self-selection bias in the results, robust analyses is performed to limit this possibility.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Industrial Hemp Law in the United States
    University of the District of Columbia Law Review Volume 22 Issue 1 Article 7 May 2020 An Overview of Industrial Hemp Law in the United States Marc Adesso Pirjin Laser Alex Mills Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.udc.edu/udclr Part of the Agriculture Law Commons, and the Food and Drug Law Commons Recommended Citation Marc Adesso, Pirjin Laser & Alex Mills, An Overview of Industrial Hemp Law in the United States, 22 U.D.C. L. Rev. 85 (2020). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.udc.edu/udclr/vol22/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ UDC Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of the District of Columbia Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ UDC Law. AN OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HEMP LAW IN THE UNITED STATES Marc Adesso, Attorney at Waller Lansden Dortch &Davis, LLP Pirjin Laser, Attorney at Waller Lansden Dortch &Davis, LLP Alex Mills, Director of Operations and General Counsel at High Plains Crop Production LLC* Since the writing of this note, the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 (the "Farm Bill") was signed into law by President Trump on December 20, 2018. Thus, the note below does not account for the passage of the Farm Bill and resulting change in federal law. What follows is a brief summary of sections of the Farm Bill and its relation to hemp: The Farm Bill legalizes hemp by defining it as an agricultural commodity under federal law. Removed from this new definition of hemp, are the parts of the cannabis plant that make it illegal under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.
    [Show full text]