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Business Studies Journal Volume 6, Number 1 Print ISSN 1944-656X Online ISSN 1944-6578 BUSINESS STUDIES JOURNAL Gary Schneider Quinnipiac University The official journal of the Academy for Business Studies, an Affiliate of the Allied Academies The Business Studies Journal is owned and published by Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc. Editorial content is under the control of the Allied Academies, Inc., a non-profit association of scholars, whose purpose is to support and encourage research and the sharing and exchange of ideas and insights throughout the world. Page ii Authors execute a publication permission agreement and assume all liabilities. Neither Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc. nor Allied Academies is responsible for the content of the individual manuscripts. Any omissions or errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editorial Board is responsible for the selection of manuscripts for publication from among those submitted for consideration. The Publishers accept final manuscripts in digital form and make adjustments solely for the purposes of pagination and organization. The Business Studies Journal is owned and published by Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc. PO Box 1032, Weaverville, NC 28787, USA. Those interested in communicating with the Journal, should contact the Executive Director of the Allied Academies at [email protected]. Copyright 2014 by Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc., USA Business Studies Journal, Volume 6, 2014 Page iii EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Ismet Anitsal Santanu Borah Tennessee Tech University University of North Alabama Cookeville, Tennessee Florence, Alabama Thomas M. Box Steven V. Cates Pittsburg State University Kaplan University Pittsburg, Kansas Phoenix, Arizona Susan Conners Carolyn Gardner Purdue University Calumet Kutztown University Hammond, Indiana Kutztown, Pennsylvania Ramaswamy Ganesan Lewis Hershey King Saud University Fayetteville State University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Fayetteville, North Carolina Jeff Jewell Marvin P. Ludlum Lipscomb University University of Central Oklahoma Nashville, Tennessee Edmond, Oklahoma Vivek Shankar Natarajan Sanjay Rajagopal Lamar University Western Carolina University Beaumont, Texas Cullowhee, North Carolina Durga Prasad Samontaray David Smarsh King Saud University International Academy of Genius Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Monterrey, California Brian A. Vander Schee Daisy Wang Aurora University University of Tennessee Martin Aurora, Illinois Martin, Tennessee Business Studies Journal, Volume 6, 2014 Page iv TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS .............................................................................................. III LETTER FROM THE EDITOR ................................................................................................... VI QUANTIFYING THE VALUE OF THE SERVICE-ORIENTED APPROACH TO BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS ...................................................................................... 1 Sibylle E. Mabry, Louisiana State University Shreveport Chengho Hsieh, Louisiana State University Shreveport William R. Bigler, Jr., Louisiana State University Shreveport ASSESSING STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF BUSINESS ETIQUETTE FOR AMERICAN DINING ......................................................................................................... 23 Karen McDaniel, Arkansas State University Sandra Bevill, Arkansas State University Carolyn McNeely, Westside School Dana Bevill Watson, Jonesboro Arkansas INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROCESS STANDARDIZATION AT COBB EMC: A CASE STUDY .......................................................................................................................... 35 Bryon Balint, Belmont University Bob Arnett, Cobb EMC CAN WOMEN IN BUSINESS BE AUTHENTIC LEADERS? .................................................. 45 Michael R. Luthy, Bellarmine University John T. Byrd, Bellarmine University THE CREATION OF A NOT-FOR-PROFIT INDUSTRY: HOMELESSNESS AS A MANUFACTURED PHENOMENON ........................................................................................ 55 Jay I. Chok, Keck Graduate Institute A FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING A TAXONOMY OF SOCIAL MEDIA ...................... 67 Rosa Lemel, Kean University Business Studies Journal, Volume 6, 2014 Page v THE EMPATHETIC SORTING TECHNIQUE: MEASURING CORPORATE CULTURE BY SORTING ILLUSTRATED VALUE STATEMENTS............................................................................................................................. 81 Norihiko Ogawa, Hosei University Kiyoshi Takahashi, Kobe University Daisuke Osato, Fukuoka Jo Gakuin University PROBLEMS AND PITFALLS WITH 3600 FEEDBACK ......................................................... 103 George Vukotich, Concordia University Chicago CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: ENSURING SUPPLIER DIVERSITY IN THE ADVERTISING INDUSTRY ........................ 121 Sheryl C. Oliver, Howard University Rochelle L. Ford, Howard University Yuvay J. Meyers, Howard University THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SCANDAL ON STRENGTHENING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT OF EMPLOYEES .............................................................. 131 Sho Nakahara, Kobe University ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, AND THE GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF JAPANESE AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES .................................................................................................. 137 Michael Angelo A. Cortez, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University Wishnu Agung Baroto, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University NATIONAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY – A NIGERIAN INITIATIVE .............................. 177 JELENA ZIVKOVIC, AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA AUDITING FOR USEFULNESS: A NEW CONCERN? ......................................................... 187 Carl Brewer, Sam Houston State University Alice Ketchand, Sam Houston State University Jan Taylor Morris, Sam Houston State University Business Studies Journal, Volume 6, 2014 Page vi LETTER FROM THE EDITOR The Business Studies Journal is the official journal of the Academy for Business Studies, an affiliate of the Allied Academies, Inc., a non profit association of scholars whose purpose is to encourage and support the advancement and exchange of knowledge, understanding and teaching throughout the world. The BSJ is a principal vehicle for achieving the objectives of both organizations. The BSJ is a journal which supports the exploration of traditional as well as non-traditional and qualitative issues. The journal follows the established policy of accepting no more than 25% of the manuscripts submitted for publication. All articles contained in this volume have been double blind refereed. It is our mission to foster a supportive, mentoring effort on the part of the referees which will result in encouraging and supporting writers. We welcome different viewpoints because in those differences we improve knowledge and understanding. Information about the Allied Academies, the BSJ, and the other journals published by Allied affiliates, as well as calls for conferences, are published on our web site, www.alliedacademies.org, which is updated regularly. Please visit our site and know that we welcome hearing from you at any time. Gary Schneider, Editor Quinnipiac University Business Studies Journal, Volume 6, 2014 Page 1 QUANTIFYING THE VALUE OF THE SERVICE- ORIENTED APPROACH TO BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS Sibylle E. Mabry, Louisiana State University Shreveport Chengho Hsieh, Louisiana State University Shreveport William R. Bigler, Jr., Louisiana State University Shreveport ABSTRACT Identifying opportunities for innovation and growth via information technology (IT) is vital to the success of any organization. This intricate process can be facilitated if managers properly determine and measure the strategic impact of their pioneering endeavors. In this paper, we suggest a methodology to identify and quantify the strategic and innovative value of a complex IT architecture, specifically, service-orientated architecture. By operationalizing the conceptual complexity and intangibility of the architecture, the financial net-present-value model can be employed in an effective way. Managers, particularly in resource-challenged businesses, can use this practical valuation framework to determine risk and success probability of complex IT architectures before, during and after their implementation. INTRODUCTION Senior executives’ chief concern has shifted from controlling information technology (IT) costs to maximizing the strategic benefits of IT (Brynjolfsson & Hitt, 2000; Heffner, 2011; Kohli & Devaraj, 2004; Merrifield, Calhoun, & Stevens, 2008; Murphy & Simon, 2002; Renkema, 1998; Shang & Seddon, 2002; Silvius, 2006; Zhu, 2004). In recent years, information systems (IS) scholars and practitioners have been particularly interested in demonstrating how innovative IT infrastructure is able to support enterprise-wide and inter-organizational business processes and thus enhance organizational competitiveness. Based on our understanding of the literature, Figure 1 in the Appendix is our overview which links the functionality of an approach to information technology philosophy and implementation to some of today’s critical business imperatives. To quantify how businesses can add strategic value to their organizations by investing in the right IT strategies, researchers have been using a variety of traditional and newly developed assessment methods (e.g., Kohli & Devaraj, 2004; Murphy & Simon, 2002; Zhu, 2004). Since many of these methods do not always succeed in adequately measuring the strategic impact
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