Geodiversity Geological and Geomorphological of the Municipality of Paraúna, Central-Southern Goiás State, Brazil Sociedade & Natureza, Vol
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Sociedade & Natureza ISSN: 1982-4513 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Ferreira, Bruno Martins; Lima, Cláudia Valéria de; Candeiro, Carlos Roberto dos Anjos Geodiversity geological and geomorphological of the municipality of Paraúna, central-southern Goiás state, Brazil Sociedade & Natureza, vol. 32, 2020, pp. 586-600 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia DOI: https://doi.org/10.14393/SN-v32-2020-47312 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=321364988058 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative DOI: 10.14393/SN-v32-2020-47312 Received: 12 March 2019 |Accepted: 27 February 2020 Geodiversity geological and geomorphological of the municipality of Paraúna, central- southern Goiás state, Brazil Bruno Martins Ferreira1 Cláudia Valéria de Lima 2 Carlos Roberto dos Anjos Candeiro 3 Keywords Abstract Geology The research area of the present study was the municipality of Paraúna, Goiás Geomorphology state, Brazil, in the mesoregion of Southern Goiás, Vale do Rio dos Bois Geodiversity sites microregion. Paraúna stands out for its great tourist potential, having various Geoconservation tourist attractions such as the geological structure Ponte de Pedra, the Earth mountains Serra do Galés and Serra da Portaria, among others. The State Park of Paraúna, created by the law-decree Nº 5.568 of March 18th, 2002, is also part of this municipality. This study aimed to analyze and discuss the geodiversity based on geology and geomorphology of Paraúna. The term geodiversity consists of a variety of landscapes, geological environments, rocks, soils, fossils, minerals and other surface deposits that support life on Earth. We identified and mapped seven Geodiversity sites in the northern region of Paraúna municipality. INTRODUCTION pedagogical, cultural, and tourist aspects. It integrates all the elements that constitute Geodiversity, encompassing Paleontological Geodiversity is defined as the variety of Heritage, Mineralogical Heritage, environments, phenomena, and active processes Geomorphological Heritage, Petrological of geological character which create landscapes, Heritage, Hydrogeological Heritage, among rocks, minerals, fossils, soils, and other others. superficial deposits that constitute the basis for Reynard and Brilha (2018) consider that in life on Earth (STANLEY, 2000). According to the last 25 years there has been a growing Gray (2004), Geodiversity is a powerful structure scientific interest in topics related to Geological for the integration of Earth Sciences, allowing us Heritage and a large set of territorial initiatives to observe rocks, minerals, sediments, fossils, emerged worldwide. Brilha (2016) argues that not landforms, soils, and processes to understand the all elements of Geodiversity have the same geosphere with a range of roles and values that importance for society and science, as the criteria need protection and conservation. that distinguish them are variable, such as their Brilha (2005) refers to Geological Heritage as representativeness, integrity, rarity, associated the set of geosites (or areas of geological interest scientific knowledge, scenic beauty, interpretive – Geodiversity sites; sensu BRILHA, 2016) potential, security, accessibility, among others. inventoried and characterized in a given region, These are the criteria that give dimension to the with geographically well-delimited local geosites, previously mentioned values of Geodiversity. where one or more elements of Geodiversity have Despite not having a high value for science, a unique value from the viewpoint of scientific, many elements of geodiversity, whether of 1 Federal University of Goiás, Brazil. [email protected] 2 Federal University of Goiás, Brazil. [email protected] 3 Federal University of Goiás, Brazil. [email protected] Soc. Nat. | Uberlândia, MG | v.32 | p.586-600 | 2020 | ISSN 1982-4513 586 FERREIRA; LIMA; CANDEIRO Geodiversity geological and geomorphological geological or geomorphological interest, are temperature of the warmest month is around 30º important for educational and tourist purposes or C, and the annual average temperature is 22º C. for the culture and identity of the communities The rainy season occurs from September to April where they are located. These elements of and it is also the season where the highest Geodiversity can be ex situ or in situ, and are then temperatures are reached. The dry season goes called Geodiversity sites (BRILHA, 2016). As from May to August. previously mentioned, these sites cannot be There are several mountains in the considered as geoheritage because they lack municipality: the Serra das Divisões or Santa recognition from the national or international Marta in the south, the hillside of Araguaia in the scientific community. northeast, Serra da Portaria and Serra das Galés The municipality of Paraúna has a total area in the central part of Paraúna, and Serra da of 3,779,385 km² and a population of nearly Arnica and Serra do Quebradão in the north. The 10,863 inhabitants, according to the 2010 drainage network is formed by the rivers Brazilian demographic census carried out by the Desengano, Couro do Cervo, Ponte de Pedra, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica. Preto, Verdão, Bois, Paranaíba, Ribeirão Paraúna is located 157 km from the city of Formoso, Córrego do Macaco, Córrego Jaguanez, Goiânia, in the south-central region of Goiás Córrego da Divisa, and Córrego Bernardino State, and is placed at the northern portion of the (FERREIRA, 2016). Paraná Basin According to Ribeiro and Walter (2008), the (https://www.parauna.go.gov.br/pagina/151- vegetation coverage of Paraúna is closely related geografia-do-municipio). The Paraná Basin is an to climatic and pedological characteristics as well area of important geodiversity which resulted as humidity and topography of the region. from a long and complex geological evolution Grasslands, Brazilian savannas (cerrados), woods (from Paleozoic to Recent), and is endowed with and gallery forests are part of the scenery, landscapes of significant tourist attractiveness. although most of the original vegetation has been Until today, Paraúna's geology has been the focus replaced by pastures and agricultural fields. of countless scientific studies by regional research The Paraúna State Park (PEPa) is the main groups (FERREIRA 2016; FERREIRA; LIMA conservation area in the municipality of 2018). The area also serves as a “base camp” for Paranúna and was created by the Law Decree No. scientific expeditions and field trips by student 5568, of March 18, 2002. The park is located in the groups of Natural Sciences. northwest of the state, between the geographic The foundations of the municipality of coordinates 16º56 'to 17º02' south latitude and Paraúna started at the beginning of the 20th 50º36 'to 50º42' west of Greenwich, at altitudes century inside the territory of Palmeiras de Goiás ranging from 690 to 890 meters, with an municipality. The first inhabitants built a ranch approximate area of 3,250 hectares. PEPa has an made of straw thatch to be a place where one area of approximately 3250 acres that includes could pray the Rosary on the banks of the São José the mountains Serra das Galés and Serra da river. In this context, the village that received the Portaria. According to SEMAD (2019), PEPa was name of "Bota Fumaça" was instituted created to preserve two geological monuments (PARAÚNA, 2007a). found in the park area. These features are part of Later, the village became a district named the history of the region's population in addition “São José do Turvo". In 1930 the name was to being an unmistakable tourist attraction. changed again and now it would be called The present work amied at surveying the "Paraúna", a word from the Tupi language that Geodiversity sites at municipality of Paraúna means Black River (Para = river - Una = black) based geological a geomorphological features, (PARAÚNA, 2007a). According to the Instituto since it is believed that the didactic use favors the Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2011) development of conservation measures. It is data for the year of 2010, the total population of worth emphasizing that conducting other Paraúna is approximately 10.863 inhabitant, important works more effectively will knowledge where 2.876 live in the rural area and 7.987 are of local heritage, while at the same time assisting in the urban area. The demographic density of in the development of the awareness of the need Paraúna is 2.77 (hab/km). to conserve natural heritage. According to Ab’Saber (1983), the municipality has two well-defined seasons: a rainy summer and a very dry winter. Overall, METHODS Paraúna has tropical semi-humid conditions where the average temperature of the coldest month is higher than 18º C, the average The methodology used to achieve the objectives Soc. Nat. | Uberlândia, MG | v.32 | p.586-600 | 2020 | ISSN 1982-4513 587 FERREIRA; LIMA; CANDEIRO Geodiversity geological and geomorphological proposed here consists of: bibliographic review, Geodiversity sites: osite identification followed fieldwork, mapping and inventory of the the methodology described by Brilha (2016). O Geodiversity sites using the