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SISTEM MULTIMEDIA Deka.Kelas@Gmail.Com MATERI PERKULIAHAN Mahardeka Tri A. SISTEM MULTIMEDIA [email protected] MATERI PERKULIAHAN 1.Perkenalan & Jenis Representasi Media 1.Audio Coding (MP3) #1 2.Video Coding (MP4) 2.Jenis Representasi Media #2 3.Quiz 2 (Materi 9-10) 3.Pemrosesan Media berupa Image 4.Manipulasi Media 4.Pemrosesan Media berupa Audio 5.Keamanan Media 5.Pemrosesan Media berupa Video 6.Visualisasi Media 6.Quiz 1 (Materi 1-5) 7.Aplikasi Multimedia 7.Image Coding (JPEG & GIF) 8.UAS 8.UTS PERATURAN & TATA TERTIB 1.Menjaga ETIKA kemanusiaan baik di dalam kelas maupun di luar kelas 2.Plagiasi tugas berakibat Nilai 0 3.Kehadiran < 80% NILAI AKHIR 0 (buku pedoman akademik UB hal. 83) 4.Diperbolehkan membawa makanan & minuman di dalam kelas (S&KB). 5.Tugas harus dikumpulkan secara kolektif di koordinator kelas tepat waktu (sesuai deadline), bukan melalui email. 6.Keterlambatan tugas berdampak pada pengurangan nilai (per hari - 5) 7.Tidak ada kuis susulan kecuali sakit dengan dilengkapi surat dokter & kegiatan yang membawa nama kampus atau daerah dilampiri surat dispensasi resmi, berlaku ≤ 2 minggu setelah kuis dilaksanakan. 8.UTS & UAS susulan dilakukan mengikuti aturan yang berlaku di FILKOM 9.TIDAK ADA NEGOSIASI NILAI, TUGAS TAMBAHAN, MARKUP NILAI, dkk. Jika terjadi nilai akhir MK - 10 PENILAIAN Tugas : 15% Sikap + keaktifan : 10% Quiz : 15% Ujian Tengah Semester : 25% UAS: 35% • MULTIMEDIA berasal dari dua kata MULTI dan MEDIA. MULTI dalam bahasa latin berarti banyak atau bermacam-macam, sedangkan MEDIUM berarti sesuatu yang dipakai untuk menyampaikan atau membawa sesuatu. • Kamus American Heritage Electronic Dictionary: MEDIUM : alat untuk mendistribusikan dan mempresentasikan informasi. • Kombinasi informasi text, graphics,audio, video yang saling terhubung. • Terdapat tools untuk user berinteraksi / berkomunikasi • Direpresentasikan , disimpan , ditransmisikan dan diproses secara digital oleh computer • Jika salah satu komponen diatas tidak ada, maka tidak disebut multimedia Fred T. Hofstetter : Multimedia literacy 2001 • Bidang yang bersangkutan dengan integrasi teks ,grafis , gambar , gambar diam dan bergerak ( Video ) , animasi , audio , dan Media lainya di mana setiap jenis informasi dapat direpresentasikan , disimpan , ditransmisikan dan • diproses secara digital oleh computer. Dave Marshall (introduction to multimedia 2001) Sistem yang mampu untuk memproses data multimedia dan aplikasi multimedia. 1. Sistem multimedia diproses atau dikontrol oleh komputer. 2. Sistem multimedia terintegrasi dari berbagai komponen multimedia. 3. Sistem dapat diprogram oleh system programmer/user 4. Informasi yang diproses harus didigitalisasi. 5. Terdapat antarmuka yang interaktif. Capture devices -- Video Camera, Video Recorder, Audio Microphone, Keyboards, mice, graphics tablets, 3D input devices, VR devices, Digitising/Sampling Hardware Storage Devices -- Hard disks, CD-ROMs, Jaz/Zip drives, DVD, dll. Communication Networks -- Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, Intranets, Internets. Computer Systems -- Multimedia Desktop machines, Workstations, MPEG/VIDEO/DSP Hardware Display Devices -- CD-quality speakers, HDTV,SVGA, Hi-Res monitors, Colour printers, dll. SISTEM MULTIMEDIA Sistem Multimedia dapat dibagi menjadi: 1. Sistem Multimedia Stand Alone sistem komputer multimedia yang memiliki minimal storage (harddisk, CD-ROM/DVD- ROM/CD-RW/DVD-RW), alat input (keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic), dan output (speaker, monitor, LCD Proyektor), VGA dan Soundcard. 2. Sistem Multimedia Berbasis Jaringan Sistem ini harus terhubung melalui jaringan yang mempunyai bandwidth yang besar. Perbedaannya adalah adanya sharing sistem dan pengaksesan terhadap sumber daya yang sama. Contoh: video converence dan video broadcast Permasalahan: bila bandwidth kecil, maka akan terjadi kemacetan jaringan, delay dan masalah infrastruktur yang belum siap. MEDIA Perception Medium Representation Medium Presentation Medium Storage Medium Transmission Medium Information Exchange Medium PERCEPTION Bagaimana manusia mengenali dan mengartikan (interpretation) informasi yang diterima sistem sensor manusia (panca indra: mata, telinga, hidung, kulit, lidah) Perception media membantu manusia untuk merasakan lingkungannya PERCEPTION “Bagaimana manusia menerima informasi pada lingkungan komputer?” Persepsi informasi masih sebatas melalui penglihatan (mata) atau pendengaran (telinga) The human hearing and visual systems are imperfect. Keterbatasan tersebut yang dimanfaatkan dalam beberapa teknik kompresi Dapatkah komputer menghasilkan bau-bauan, rasa manis/asam/pahit, Virtual Reality? Next Technology? Why Not?! REPRESENTATION MEDIUM Representation media ditentukan oleh representasi informasi oleh komputer “Bagaimana informasi pada komputer dikodekan?” Menggunakan berbagai format untuk merepresentasikan informasi. MEDIA FORMAT Text : ASCII Audio stream : PCM Image : Facsimile (standard ISO) atau JPEG Audio/video : TV standard (PAL, SECAM, NTSC), computer standard (MPEG) PRESENTATION MEDIUM Tool dan device yang digunakan untuk proses input dan output informasi “Melalui media apa informasi disajikan oleh komputer, atau dimasukkan ke komputer?” Output : kertas, layar, speaker Input : keyboard, mouse, kamera, microphone, scanner STORAGE MEDIUM Pembawa data yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk menyimpan informasi (tidak terbatas pada komponen komputer) “Dimanakah informasi akan disimpan?” microfilm, floppy disk, hard disk, CD ROM, DVD, MMC, SDCard TRANSMISSION MEDIUM Pembawa informasi yang memungkinkan terjadinya transmisi data secara kontinyu (tidak termasuk media penyimpanan) “Melalui apa informasi akan ditransmisikan?” melalui jaringan, menggunakan kabel (coaxial, fiber optics), melalui udara terbuka (wireless) INFORMATION EXCHANGE MEDIUM Pembawa informasi untuk transmisi, contoh: media penyimpanan dan media transmisi “Bagaimana informasi dari tempat yang berbeda saling dipertukarkan?” direct transmission dengan jaringan komputer, combined (storage dan transmission media), web yang berisi informasi, e-book, forum MEDIA REPRESENTATION Text Image Audio Video Animation TEXT REPRESENTATION Teks adalah data dalam bentuk karakter. Teks dalam hal ini adalah kode ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) dan ASCII extension seperti UNICODE murni. Karakter ASCII direpresentasikan oleh 7 bit (0-127) selanjutnya Karakter ASCII Extended menjadi 8 bit Ada beberapa jenis teks yaitu: Plain Text Formatted Text Hypertext ASCII Karakter ASCII merupakan standar yang ditetapkan oleh badan standarisasi di Amerika Serikat yang kemudian populer dan digunakan secara luas. ASCII berdasarkan English Alphabet. Dipublikasikan pada tahun 1967 dan diupdate tahun 1986. Terdiri dari 95 karakter yang printable (dapat dicetak seperti bentuk simbolnya) yaitu karakter 32 untuk spasi dan karakter nomer 33 sampai 127, serta karakter yang non-printable/control character, yaitu karakter 0- 31. Untuk ASCII extended 128-255 adalah kode ASCII untuk manipulasi grafis ASCII Sumber : http://www.ascii-code.com/ PLAIN TEXT Plain text adalah jenis teks yang murni hanya berupa karakter teks saja tanpa ada format apa-apa( Hanya berasal dari kode ASCII saja). Contoh plain text adalah pada saat kita mengetik dengan menggunakan teks editor standar seperti notepad (.txt) di windows. Plain Text berjenis MIME text/plain. Teks file tidak terenkrispsi, tidak mengandung embedded information, seperti informasi font, tidak mengandung link, dan inline-image. Terdapat perbedaan antara format plain text di Windows dan UNIX. Di Windows, akhir baris ditandai dengan Carriage Return/CR + Line Feed/LF (\13\10) sedangkan di UNIX ditandai dengan Line Feed/LF (\10) saja. FORMATTED TEXT (RICH TEXT FORMAT) Merupakaian serangkaian karakter yang memiliki format tertentu, misalnya pada saat kita mengetik dengan Wordpad (.rtf). Pada Wordpad plain teks telah diformat sedemikian rupa dengan menggunakan aturan (tag/tanda) tertentu sehingga teks tersebut dapat di-bold, italics, underline, diberi warna, dipilih jenis font, dan lain-lain. FORMATTED TEXT Bitmapped Font Outline Font Teknik Elektro Unibraw TEKS BERFORMAT Teks Cetak: hasil printout atau cetakan Teks Hasil Scan: diperoleh dari scanner Electronic Text: WordArt Teknik Elektro Unibraw HYPERTEXT Jenis teks hypertext awalnya diperkenalkan oleh Bush (1945) dan kemudian oleh Ted Nelson pada tahun 1965 . Hypertext adalah teks yang memiliki kemampuan linking (koneksi) ke teks yang lain. Contoh format hypertext saat ini adalah seperti HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) dan XML (eXtensible Markup Language) Teknik Elektro Unibraw Image representation • DIGITAL IMAGE IS A 2-D ARRAY OF PIXELS • PIXEL IS REPRESENTED BY BITS IN “COLOR” SPACE – RGB (Red-Green-Blue) in CRT •additive color – CMY(Cyan-Magenta-Yellow) in printing •subtractive color – YUV for black-white/color TV •luminance/chrominance 32 Gambar Digital Gambar 2 dimensi bisa berasal dari: kamera digital maupun scanning gambar tercetak. Gambar digital merupakan suatu fungsi dengan nilai-nilai berupa intensitas cahaya pada tiap-tiap titik pada bidang yang telah didigitalisasi (dikuantisasikan dan di-sampling) Titik dimana suatu gambar di-sampling disebut picture element (pixel). Nilai intensitas warna pada suatu pixel disebut gray scale level. 1 bit → binary-valued image (0 - 1) 8 bits → gray level (0 - 255) 16 bits → high color (216) 24 bits → 224 true color 32 bits → true color (232) Format gambar digital memiliki 2 parameter: spatial resolution pixels X pixels color encoding bits / pixel Jika suatu gambar disimpan maka yang disimpan adalah array 2D yang merepresentasikan data warna
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