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Polemon Christyi Und Elapsoidea Boulengeri: Zwei Neue Verbreitungsnachweise Von Schlangen Für Malawi

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Polemon Christyi Und Elapsoidea Boulengeri: Zwei Neue Verbreitungsnachweise Von Schlangen Für Malawi Übersetzung der Arbeit „VINCENZO MERCURIO (2007): Polemon christyi and Elapsoidea boulengeri: two new snake distribution records for Malawi. - Salamandra, Rheinbach, 43(4): 253-255". Polemon christyi und Elapsoidea boulengeri: zwei neue Verbreitungsnachweise von Schlangen für Malawi Zusammenfassung: Es wird über zwei neue Verbreitungsnachweise der versteckt lebenden Schlangen Polemon chris­ tyi und Elapsoidea boulengeri in Malawi berichtet. Erstere wird erstmals für Malawi belegt und stellt den südlichsten und am höchsten gelegen Nachweis für diese Art dar, während Letztere erstmalig aus dem Norden von Malawi nach­ gewiesen wird, was die Verbreitungslücke zwischen den Populationen in Tansania und jenen im Südwesten Sambias schließt. Schlagwörter: Squamata, Serpentes, Atractaspididae, Elapidae, Biogeographie, Afrotropis. Malawi ist ein lang gestrecktes, im Ostafrikani­ Schwanzlänge (SL) von 27 mm. Die Lepidose stellt schen Grabenbruch gelegenes Land. Rund 20 % sich wie folgt dar (rechts/links): 227 Ventralia; 16 seiner Gesamtfläche werden vom Malawi-See be­ geteilte Subcaudalia; 15 Reihen glatter Dorsalia in deckt. Trotz der relativ kleinen Fläche seines Ho­ der Körpermitte; Analschild geteilt; 1/i Präocula• heitsgebiets besitzt Malawi eine große Biodiver­ ria; 2/2 Postocularia; 1/i vordere Temporalia; 2/2 sität. Gemäß kürzlich veröffentlichter Daten sind hintere Temporalia; 6/6 Supralabialia, das jeweils gegenwärtig 83 Amphibien- und 145 Reptilienar­ 3. und 4. berühren die Augenhöhle aufbeiden Sei­ ten aus Malawi bekannt (MAZIBUKO 2005). Des­ ten; 7/7 Infralabialia; kein Loreale. Im Leben zeig­ sen ungeachtet ist die Kenntnis über die Amphi­ te das Exemplar eine einheitlich irisierende blau­ bien und Reptilien Malawis noch immer nur ru­ schwarze Färbung. Seine Abmessungen, die Le­ dimentär. Die meisten bestehenden Verbreitungs­ pidose und Färbung entsprechen den bereits ver­ angaben sind weit verstreut veröffentlicht und, öffentlichten Angaben (SPAWLS et al. 2004). Das was noch wichtiger ist, veraltet, denn sie beziehen Wilindi Forest Reserve ist ein afromontaner Re­ sich hauptsächlich auf in den 1960- und 197oer­ genwald (WHITE et al. 2001), was den bevorzug­ Jahren durchgeführte Untersuchungen (MERCU­ ten Lebensraum der Art bestätigt (,,well forested RIO 2006). areas", SPAWLS et al. 2004). Im Rahmen einer fortgesetzten Erforschung Vorkommen von Polemon christyi sind ansons­ der malawischen Herpetofauna wurden zwei ten aus Uganda, Ruanda und Burundi bekannt, wo Schlangenarten, Polemon christyi BouLENGER, die Art weit verbreitet zu sein scheint. Vereinzelte 1903 (Atractaspididae) und Elapsoidea boulengeri und isolierte Nachweise existieren auch für Kenia, BoETTGER, 1895 (Elapidae) gesammelt. Die ent­ Tansania und Sambia (SPAWLS et al. 2004). Hin­ sprechenden Exemplare stellen interessante neue sichtlich der nächstgelegenen sambischen Popula­ Verbreitungsnachweise dar und sind derzeit im tionen beruht deren Nachweis lediglich auf fünf Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Sencken­ Stücken, die BROADLEY (1966) aus Mbala im Nor­ berg (SMF), Frankfurt am Main, untergebracht. den des Landes, etwa 200 km nordwestlich der Die versteckt lebende und wenig bekannte Po­ Misuku Hills nachgewiesen hat. Die Verbreitungs­ lemon christyi ist damit zum ersten Mal für Mala­ und Höhenangaben weisen daraufhin, dass dieser wi nachgewiesen. Das Exemplar (SMF 85823; Abb. neue Nachweis sowohl den südlichsten als auch 1) wurde nach schweren Regenfällen am 7. Febru­ den höchstgelegenen (1.995 gegenüber etwa 1.700 ar 2006 auf dem Boden umherkriechend im Wi­ m ü. d. M.) für die Art darstellt. lindi Forest Reserve (Misuku Hills, Chitipa Dis­ Elapsoidea boulengeri wird hier erstmalig aus trict; 9° 41'15.24"S, 33°27'3.30"0; 1.995 111 ü. d. M.) den nördlichen Bereichen von Malawi nachge­ entdeckt. Das Stück ist ein Weibchen mit einer wiesen. Das Exemplar (SMF 85824; Abb. 2) wur­ Kopf-Rumpf-Länge (KRL) von 485 mm und einer de am 25. Februar 2006 bei Mwuimbi unweit des DER SALAMANDER, Rheinbach, 20.11.2007, 3(4): 253-255, ISSN: 1860-6644. © 2007 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. (DGHT) 253 Abb. 1. Weibchen von Polemon christyi aus dem Abb. 2. Männchen von Elapsoidea boulengeri aus Wilindi Forest Reserve, Misuku Hills, Chitipa Dis­ Mwuimbi nahe Chiwondo Lake, Karonga District, trict, Malawi (SMF 85823). Malawi (SMF 85824). Chiwondo Lake (Karonga District; 10°05'60.oo"S, Fläche von etwa 3100 ha ausmachen (WHITE et al. 33°59'0.oo"O; 490 m ü. d. M.) gefunden. Bei die­ 2001). Die Misuku Hills sind dabei der nördlichs­ sem Exemplar handelt es sich um ein Männchen te Teil des „Southern Rift Biodiversity Hotspot" mit 415 mm KRL und 33 mm SL, mit teilweise und gehören zu der kritisch gefährdeten Ökore• evertiertem Hemipenis. Die Lepidose gestaltet gion „Montanes Wald/Grasland-Mosaik", welche sich wie folgt (rechts/links): 157 Ventralia; 22 ge­ die Heimat etlicher Endemiten ist (BuRGESS et al. teilte Subcaudalia; 13 Reihen glatter Dorsalia in 2004). Insofern es die ihrer herpetologische Bio­ der Körpermitte; Analschild ungeteilt; 1/i Präocu­ diversität der Misuku Hills angeht, sind in diesem laria; 2/2 Postocularia; 1/i vordere Temporalia; 2/2 Gebiet unlängst 16 Amphibien- und 21 Reptilien­ hintere Temporalia; 7/7 Supralabialia, das 3. und arten nachgewiesen worden (MAZIBUKO 2004), 4. berühren auf beiden Seiten die Augenhöhle; 5/6 von denen die gefährdeten Frösche Arthroleptis Infralabialia; kein Loreale. Die Dorsalfärbung war reichei NIEDEN, 1911 und A. francei LOVERIDGE, im Leben blaugrau mit einigen weiß eingefassten 1953 besonders zu erwähnen wären. Aus der Sicht Schuppen, die 27 weißliche, sehr schwach ange­ des Naturschutzes beeinträchtigen verschiedene deutete Rückenbänder bilden. Die Ventralfärbung Störfaktoren diese Waldparzellen, darunter das war einförmig gräulich weiß. Die Größe, Lepido­ Vordringen florenfremder Baumarten, die Zu­ se und Färbung entsprechen den für diese Art zur nahme landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung entlang der Verfügung stehenden Angaben (BROADLEY 1971, Waldränder und das tägliche Sammeln von Feu­ 1998). erholz. Elapsoidea boulengeri war in Malawi zuvor nur Die Umgebung des Chiwondo Lake ist von lo­ von Fundorten im Süden des Landes bekannt: ckerer Buschsavanne mit spärlichen temporären Zomba Club und Shire River nahe Mlolo (Jung­ Wasserstellen geprägt, was dem als typisch be­ tiere; SwEENEY 1961), Chisambo am Berg Mulan­ schriebenen Biotop der Art entspricht (SPAWLS et je, Nsipe (BROADLEY 1971, 1998), Likabula River al. 2004). Einer vorläufigen Einschätzung zufolge am Berg Mulanje (LovERIDGE 1953) sowie aus den kommen in diesem Gebiet acht Amphibien- und Shire Highlands, dem Lower Shire Valley und dem 14 Reptilienarten vor (V. MERCURIO unveröff.). Mulanje District (BOULENGER 1896, LOVERIDGE Unter Gesichtspunkten des aturschutzes wird 1944, STEVENS 1974). Der neue Nachweis aus dem dieses Gebiet, ebenso wie die anderen Bereiche Norden des Landes schließt die Verbreitungslücke ohne Schutzstatus, ernsthaft durch die sich unauf­ zwischen den aus dem Süden von Tansania und hörlich ausweitende Landwirtschaft beeinträch• aus dem Südwesten von Sambia bekannten Popu­ tigt. Der fortgesetzte Verfall von Lebensräumen lationen (BROADLEY 1971: Fig. 7, 1998: Fig. 1). ist zusammen mit dem Fehlen allgemeiner Infor­ Das Wilindi Forest Reserve stellt gemeinsam mationen zum Vorkommen von Amphibien und mit den Waldschutzgebieten Mughese und Mati­ Reptilien eine ernsthafte Bedrohung für den Fort­ pa die letzten Überreste afromontanen Regenwal­ bestand der Biodiversität in Malawi. des auf den Misuku Hills dar, die zusammen eine 254 Danksagungen LovERIDGE, A. (1944): Further revisions of African sna­ ke genera. - Bull. Mus. comp. Zoo!. Harvard, 95: 121 - Die Arbeit im Feld profitierte von der finanziellen Un­ 247- terstützung seitens der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Her­ LOVERIDGE, A. (1953) : Zoological Results of a fifth ex­ petologie und Terrarienkunde (DGHT), HANs-ScmE­ pedition to East Africa. III. Reptiles from Nyasaland MENz-Fonds 2006. Ich bin dem Team des Cultural and and Tete. - Bull. M us. comp. Zoo!., Harvard 110: 323- Museum Center Karonga (CMCK) für die Hilfestellung 406. vor Ort und die logistische Unterstützung verbunden. Ein besonderes Dankeschön gilt BILL BRANCH für seine MAZIBUKO, L.C.J. (2004): Reptiles and amphibians. - S. freundliche Hilfe bei der Bestimmung der Arten und die 43 -45 in: DUDLEY, C.O. (Hrsg.): A report on m anage­ nützlichen Informationen, Prof. Dr. F. ScHRENK und S. ment of biodiversity in protected areas of Malawi. - MÜLLER für ihre unschätzbare Hilfe in Karonga und F. National Herbarium and Botanical Gardens ofMala­ ANDREONE für die Verbesserungsvorschläge zu der ers­ wi: Zomba, Malawi. ten Fassung des Manuskripts. MAZIBUKO, L.C.J. (2005): Reptiles and amphibians. - S. 25 -29 in: Dudley, C. O. (Hrsg.): A report on biological diversity in Malawi. - Wildlife and Environmental Schriften Society of Malawi: Limbe, Malawi. MERCURIO, V. (2006): Malawi: abrief overview of her­ BoULENGER, G.A. (1896): Catalogue of the Snakes in the petological studies. - S. 206-207 in: BOLOGNA M.A., British Museum (Natural H istory). - British Muse­ M . CAPULA, G.M. CARPANETO, L. LUISELLI , C. MA­ um (Natural History), London, 3: 727 S. RANGON I & A. VENCHI (Hrsg.): Riassunti de] 6° Con­ BROADLEY, D.G. (1966): Tue Herpetology of southeast gresso nazionale della Societas Herpetologica ltalica Africa. - Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, University ofNatal. (Roma, 27 Settembre - 1 Ottobre 2006). - Stilgrafica: BROADLEY, D.G. (1971): A
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