DOCSLIB.ORG

Internationalisation of a Global Sporting Product: the Case of Rugby 7S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Internationalisation of a Global Sporting Product: the Case of Rugby 7S Internationalisation of a Global Sporting Product: The Case of Rugby 7s A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce in International Business (IBUS591) By OLIVER FRANCIS PERKINSON 300334186 Supervised by DR ELDREDE KAHIYA Victoria University of Wellington 2020 1 2 Abstract Sports are continuing to grow in prominence and possess similar attributes to multinational corporations. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge around the internationalisation of sports in business literature. Research is heavily centred on the sport of soccer, with a focus on historical accounts of how sport has shaped national identities of nations and the cross-national diffusion of sports across national borders. This research has been driven due to the focus on the topic by the fields of sociology and political science which both contribute heavily to the literature. This thesis aims to create a focus on emerging sports such as rugby, using real-time and current accounts of how internationalisation is currently being impacted and shifting the literature into the international business field. In order to do this, two research questions are asked: How is Rugby 7s internationalising? And How does Rugby 7s manage the key decision points in internationalisation? The use of decision points looks at going beyond applying theoretical frameworks to the research and directly seeks to find the key decisions that sports managers face when internationalising. This study is designed in an exploratory way with semi-structured interviews used to explore and better understand the phenomena of sports internationalisation. To ensure all perspectives from stakeholders were covered a single case study with embedded units was applied to the study. With the results of the interviews then triangulated with a secondary data set. The analysis of the findings shows the executives faced difficult decisions within the areas of market selection, mode of entry, adaptation and standardisation and long term commitment. The results show that Rugby 7s as a product has been heavily shaped by numerous forces such as culture and knowledge of the markets. With the events individually being unique, however, as a collective product Rugby 7s can be identified as one product as a ‘glocal’ approach has been implemented by executives. Further research should continue looking at other emerging sports to gain a wider understanding of sports internationalisation. By doing this it increases the knowledge and understanding of the phenomena and can be used to establish frameworks for future research. 3 4 Acknowledgements Thank you to everyone from the School of Marketing and International Business for all the help and support provided to me over my time in the postgraduate courses. A massive thank you to my supervisor, Eldrede Kahiya without your expertise, guidance and knowledge I would not have been able to finish this thesis. While our chats about football provided a great distraction from the study. Finally thank you to all my family and friends for your support over the past two years and encouraging me to continue to push myself to new limits, listening to my ideas even if you don’t get them and overall help with completing this thesis. 5 6 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 10 1.1. Research Background ................................................................................................................. 10 1.2. Research Question ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.3. Contribution to the Literature ................................................................................................... 12 1.4. The Organisation of the Thesis .................................................................................................. 13 Chapter Two: Literature Review ........................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Highly Internationalised .............................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1. Soccer .................................................................................................................................. 15 2.1.2. Tennis .................................................................................................................................. 17 2.1.3. Golf ...................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2. Localised ..................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.1. Australian Rules and Gaelic Football................................................................................... 20 2.2.2. NASCAR ............................................................................................................................... 20 2.3. Quasi-Internationalised ............................................................................................................. 22 2.3.1. Baseball ............................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.2. Basketball ............................................................................................................................ 23 2.3.3. American Football ............................................................................................................... 25 2.3.4. Ice Hockey ........................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.5. Cricket ................................................................................................................................. 27 2.3.6. Boxing .................................................................................................................................. 28 2.3.7. Netball ................................................................................................................................. 28 2.3.8. Swimming ............................................................................................................................ 29 2.3.9. Rugby .................................................................................................................................. 30 2.4. Parallels between Sport and International Business Literature ................................................ 31 2.4.1. Conceptual Model ............................................................................................................... 32 Chapter Three: Methodology ............................................................................................................... 35 3.1. Research Philosophy .................................................................................................................. 35 3.2. Research Approach .................................................................................................................... 35 3.2.1. Research Design .................................................................................................................. 36 3.2.2. Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.3. Sampling .............................................................................................................................. 37 3.3. Interview Process ....................................................................................................................... 37 3.3.1. Sample Size and Data Saturation ........................................................................................ 38 7 3.3.2. Participant Recruitment and Characteristics ...................................................................... 38 3.4. The Interview ............................................................................................................................. 41 3.5. Data Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 42 3.6. Trustworthiness ......................................................................................................................... 44 3.7. Ethical Considerations ................................................................................................................ 45 Chapter 4: Findings ............................................................................................................................... 46 4.1. Market Selection ........................................................................................................................ 46 4.2. Market Entry .............................................................................................................................. 48 4.3. Adaptation and Standardisation ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rugby World Cup Quiz
    Rugby World Cup Quiz Round 1: Stats 1. The first eight World Cups were won by only four different nations. Which of the champions have only won it once? 2. Which team holds the record for the most points scored in a single match? 3. Bryan Habana and Jonah Lomu share the record for the most tries in the final stages of Rugby World Cup Tournaments. How many tries did they each score? 4. Which team holds the record for the most tries in a single match? 5. In 2011, Welsh youngster George North became the youngest try scorer during Wales vs Namibia. How old was he? 6. There have been eight Rugby World Cups so far, not including 2019. How many have New Zealand won? 7. In 2003, Australia beat Namibia and also broke the record for the largest margin of victory in a World Cup. What was the score? Round 2: History 8. In 1985, eight rugby nations met in Paris to discuss holding a global rugby competition. Which two countries voted against having a Rugby World Cup? 9. Which teams co-hosted the first ever Rugby World Cup in 1987? 10. What is the official name of the Rugby World Cup trophy? 11. In the 1995 England vs New Zealand semi-final, what 6ft 5in, 19 stone problem faced the English defence for the first time? 12. Which song was banned by the Australian Rugby Union for the 2003 World Cup, but ended up being sang rather loudly anyway? 13. In 2003, after South Africa defeated Samoa, the two teams did something which touched people’s hearts around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Bruise Brothers
    BRUISE BROTHERS THE BRUISE BROTHERS Fight the power: Sione Lauaki and Jerry Collins. They were the All Blacks’ ‘Bruise No 6 nightmares the Lions had On the eve of the first British And there cannot be a tribute Brothers’ – rattling ribs on the to confront in their first two and Irish Lions tour to these to the game they play in heaven field and tickling them off it. Tests on the 2005 series. The shores since that series 12 years without honouring the passing Firstly Jerry Collins, then Sione pain continued in the third Test ago, companions and friends of another rugby icon who has Lauaki, who replaced him off the when Lauaki started at No 8 and remember the two rugby giants been lost to us: the great Jonah bench, were the double-impact Collins at No 6. taken far too young. Lomu. LEE UMBERS reports 124 RUGBY NEWS 2017 RUGBY NEWS 2017 125 BRUISE BROTHERS: SIONE LAUAKI He made our team BELIEVE ll Blacks assistant coach Ian around Mils [Muliaina] and scored in Foster recalls Sione Lauaki the corner and we won a tight game. as a wrecking ball of an “That little moment of his – the team attacking player with a big grew a lot of belief and went on to Asmile and a huge heart. make the play-offs for the first time.” “I loved coaching him and really That same year, Lauaki showcased cared for him as a person,” Foster says. his remarkable talents on the He first noticed the powerhouse international stage. Playing for the loose forward when he was coaching Pacific Islanders, he scored Test tries ‘Once he got his Waikato in 2002/2003 and Lauaki was against Australia, New Zealand and hands on you, bending and breaking defensive lines South Africa, all within 15 days – an for Auckland.
    [Show full text]
  • Legacy – the All Blacks
    LEGACY WHAT THE ALL BLACKS CAN TEACH US ABOUT THE BUSINESS OF LIFE LEGACY 15 LESSONS IN LEADERSHIP JAMES KERR Constable • London Constable & Robinson Ltd 55-56 Russell Square London WC1B 4HP www.constablerobinson.com First published in the UK by Constable, an imprint of Constable & Robinson Ltd., 2013 Copyright © James Kerr, 2013 Every effort has been made to obtain the necessary permissions with reference to copyright material, both illustrative and quoted. We apologise for any omissions in this respect and will be pleased to make the appropriate acknowledgements in any future edition. The right of James Kerr to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. A copy of the British Library Cataloguing in Publication data is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-47210-353-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-47210-490-8 (ebook) Printed and bound in the UK 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Cover design: www.aesopagency.com The Challenge When the opposition line up against the New Zealand national rugby team – the All Blacks – they face the haka, the highly ritualized challenge thrown down by one group of warriors to another.
    [Show full text]
  • Archival Rugby
    Archival Rugby Archival Rugby Rugby was first played in England two hundred years before three boys set down the first set of rugby rules in 1845 in Rugby School in England. The Nelson Football Club introduced rugby union to New Zealand by adopting ARCHIVAL the code in 1870. On Saturday, 14 May 1870, Nelson College played Nelson Club (“The Town” it was called) at the Botanical Reserve, Nelson. This was the first Total Tests interclub rugby union football match to be played in New Zealand. 78 Today almost a century and a half later the values of rugby, its rich history, its Highlights Packages core values of camaraderie and community still hold New Zealand and the world spellbound. TVNZ has held in its archives a rich collection of iconic games and 8 highlights packages which we are pleased to have the opportunity to offer you, including the first live rugby telecast by the NZBC network – New Zealand versus Australia at Eden Park, September 1972. CONTENT LICENSING TVNZ | Tamara George PHONE +64 9 916 7059 EMAIL [email protected] FAX +64 9 916 7989 VISIT tvnz.co.nz/programmesales MOBILE +64 21 343 503 Archival Rugby Test Matches Title Date Precis Dur NEW ZEALAND 19650821 New Zealand versus South Africa second rugby test at Carisbrook, 088:58 V SOUTH AFRICA Dunedin, on 21 August 1965. New Zealand wins 13-0. SECOND TEST NEW ZEALAND 19650904 New Zealand versus South Africa third rugby test at Lancaster Park, 086:29 V SOUTH AFRICA Christchurch, on 4 September 1965. South Africa wins 19-16.
    [Show full text]
  • Bruce George Pale Sauni
    Skills Highway Workplace Literacy and Numeracy Forum Waipuna Conference Centre, Auckland 2016 Bruce George Pale Sauni Collabora've Project between AKO Aotearoa and Literacy Aotearoa He Taunga Waka BeMer Engagement for Maori and Pasifika Learners Confidence, Competence, Effecve Engagement Founder of the Progressive Educa'on Movement Educaon is a Social process Educaon is growth Educaon is, not a preparaon for life Educaon is life Andragogy is the art and science of adult learning, thus refers to any form of adult learning Which is based on several assumpons Uses the experience and prior knowledge of the learner to par'cipate in ac'vies Integral is the self-identy of the learner. This self-identy is also important in terms of their culture The adult learner learns best when new informaon is presented in a real-life context Paulo Freire’s Cri'cal Literacy (1921-1997) Transformaons of economic and social condions The uses of the students’ own language and culture are important components Developing the learners’ thinking process He Taunga Waka Whanaungatanga-Akaa’a: Connecon, blood relaon Ako-Api’i: To learn, to teach Aro-Akamanako: Reflec've Prac'ce A posi've learning rela'onship based on mutual respect of one’s cultural capital, language and cultural values That first contact is very important it can set up barriers or bring them down Ako : Api’i The learner can become the teacher and vice versa. When this happens the learner’s self-esteem increases and their cultural capital and world view is acknowledged. Reflec've prac'ce (Ac'on + Reflec'on
    [Show full text]
  • Here We Come 14
    “For anyone who is interested in looking beyond the names, the dates, the half-truths and the mythologies and entering the realm of rugby’s place in our history, this is a must read.” — Chris Laidlaw Rugby is New Zealand’s national sport. From the grand tour by the 1888 Natives to the upcoming 2015 World Cup, from games in the North African desert in World War II to matches behind barbed wire during the 1981 Springbok tour, from grassroots club rugby to heaving crowds outside Eden Park, Lancaster Park, Athletic Park or Carisbrook, New Zealanders have made rugby their game. In this book, historian and former journalist Ron Palenski tells the full story of rugby in New Zealand for the first time. It is a story of how the game travelled from England and settled in the colony, how Ma¯ori and later Pacific players made rugby their own, how battles over amateurism and apartheid threatened the sport, how national teams, provinces and local clubs shaped it. But above all it is a story of wing forwards and fullbacks, of Don Clarke and Jonah Lomu, of the Log of Wood and Charlie Saxton’s ABC, of supporters in the grandstand and crackling radios at 2 a.m. Ron Palenski is an author and historian and among the most recognised authorities on the history of sport, and especially rugby, in New Zealand. He has written numerous books, among them an academic study, The Making of New Zealanders, that placed rugby firmly as a marker in national identity. Contents Acknowledgements 9.
    [Show full text]
  • From Chronology to Confessional: New Zealand Sporting Biographies in Transition
    From Chronology to Confessional: New Zealand Sporting Biographies in Transition GEOFF WATSON Abstract Formerly rather uniform in pattern, sporting biographies have evolved significantly since the 1970s, becoming much more open in their criticism of teammates and administrators as well as being more revealing of their subject’s private lives. This article identifies three transitional phases in the genre; a chronological era, extending from the early twentieth century until the 1960s; an indirectly confessional phase between the 1970s and mid 1980s and an openly confessional phase from the mid-1980s. Despite these changes, sporting biographies continue to reinforce the dominant narratives around sport in New Zealand. New Zealand sporting biographies have a mixed reputation in literary and scholarly circles. Often denigrated for their allegedly formulaic style, they have also been criticised for their lack of insight into New Zealand society.1 Representative of this critique is Lloyd Jones, who wrote in 1999, “sport hardly earns a mention in our wider literature, and … the rest of society is rarely, if ever, admitted to our sports literature.”2 This article examines this perspective, arguing that sporting biographies afford a valuable insight into New Zealand’s changing self- image and values. Moreover, it will be argued that the nature of sporting biographies themselves has changed significantly since the 1980s and that they have become much more open in their discussion of teammates and the personal lives of their subjects. Whatever one’s perspective on the literary merits of sporting biographies, their popular appeal is undeniable. Whereas the print run of most scholarly texts in New Zealand is at best a few thousand, sporting biographies consistently sell in the tens of thousands.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 220140 1 4
    Annual Report 220140 1 4 HalbergHaHalbl ere g DisabilityDiD sasabib lil tyy SportSpoportt FoundationFoundattion 1 Our vision Sport and Recreation for all New Zealanders – No Exceptions. Our mission To enhance the lives of physically disabled New Zealanders by enabling them to participate in sport and recreation. 2 Halberg Disability Sport Foundation Annual Report 2014 1 JULY 2013 – 30 JUNE 2014 Contents Our vision and mission 2 Message from the Chairman and CEO 4-5 No Exceptions Investment 6 Halberg Disability Sport Foundation in the community 7 Activity Fund 8-9 Halberg Disability Sport Foundation and Outward Bound project 10-11 Westpac Halberg Awards 12-13 ANZA Challenge 14-15 Audit Report 17-22 Our supporters 24-25 Obituary, Trustees, Staff 26 “I believe that society still has some way to go. I would like to see disabled people accepted, and for society to remove those barriers which in eff ect ‘disable’ people.” Sir Murray Halberg ONZ, MBE Founder of Halberg Disability Sport Foundation Halberg Disability Sport Foundation 3 Message from the Chairman and CEO The Foundation has grown its disability sport leadership capabilities, gaining recognition for its work from Government agencies and its strategic partners. A strong communications focus has also helped drive public awareness of its high quality services and events, enabling the Foundation to expand its family of sponsors and partners. PARTNER monitored as a possible model This involved reviewing the to link and reinforce other course, facilities and upskilling CAPABILITY neighbouring Parafeds throughout the Outward Bound instructors. As Sport New Zealand’s ‘lead the country. The Foundation also helped to locate, fund and support the agency for physical disability sport In the South Island, ParaFed participants during the eight and recreation’ the Foundation’s Canterbury and the Foundation day course.
    [Show full text]
  • Ready, Set, Movember Exercise of the Month  Core Activation
    NOVEMBER HONG KONG FOOTBALL CLUB NOVEMBER 2020 20 HONG KONG FOOTBALL CLUB READY, SET, MOVEMBER EXERCISE OF THE MONTH CORE ACTIVATION MINI RUGBY PREPARE FOR THE NEW SEASON, MEET THE PRO COACHES b Club Magazine Contents 3 The Thoughts of the Chairman 5 From the Desk of Mark Pawley 11 20 7 Food and Beverage Monthly Promotions 9 Fitness Centre 11 Mini Rugby 25 15 Hockey 17 Squash 18 Netball 15 20 Golf 17 25 Tennis 26 Badminton 28 Movember 33 Food and Beverage News 28 26 GENERAL COMMITTEE President : Nick Hunsworth Development : Maurice O’Brien Vice President : Fook Aun Chew Discipline : Malcolm Kerr Vice President : Bobby Lawson Membership : Neil Roberts Vice President : Iain Valentine Sports & Recreation : Karin Looram Vice President : John Shanahan Hockey Officer : Charles Poulton Chairman : Mike Wood Lawn Bowls Officer : Mike Worth Hon. Secretary : Neil Jensen Rugby Officer : Don Rider CLUB MAGAZINE Hon. Treasurer : Fredric Teng Soccer Officer : Stephen Tew Monthly journal of the Hong Kong Football Club. Constitutional Affairs : Jeff Lane Squash Officer : David Cross Arranged by Jericho Lui and Crystal Cheung. For information and requests for placement of MANAGEMENT advertisements in “Club” please call 2830 9503. The opinions expressed in the articles are those General Manager : Mark Pawley Facilities Manager : Evan Tao of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the Director of Operations : Tony Sealy Membership Services Manager : Kerry Ogle opinions of the Hong Kong Football Club or the Director of Food and Beverage : Randal Linhart Human Resources Manager : Angela Chan General Committee. The Club reserves the right Director of Finance : Ricky Chan Executive Housekeeper : Lily Huynh to edit and clarify all content.
    [Show full text]
  • The All Blacks Guide to Being Successful (Off the Field)
    INTEGRITY COURAGE HUMILITY INDUSTRY PRIDE RESPECT The All Blacks guide to being successful (off the field) The tricks and tactics of the New Zealand rugby team can lead to success whatever your chosen career, writes James Kerr Source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/active/10427619/The-All-Blacks-guide-to- being-successful-off-the-field.html By James Kerr 12:30PM GMT 14 Nov 2013 New Zealand's win-rate over the last 100 years is over 75 per cent. When England face the All Blacks on Saturday, they will line up against statistically the most successful sporting team in human history. New Zealand's win-rate over the last 100 years is over 75 per cent. It's a phenomenal record, and an achievement matched by no other elite team, in any code. But back in 2004, something was wrong. The 2003 World Cup had gone badly, and by the start of the following year senior All Blacks were threatening to leave. Discipline was drunk and disorderly, and to make things worse, the All Blacks were losing. In response, a new management team under Graham Henry began to rebuild the world's most successful sporting team from the inside out. They wanted a fresh culture that placed emphasis on individual character and personal leadership. Their mantra? 'Better People Make Better All Blacks'. The result? An incredible win-rate of just over 86pc, and a Rugby World Cup. In early 2010, I had the privilege of going deep inside the All Blacks camp for five weeks alongside photojournalist Nick Danziger.
    [Show full text]
  • Mad Butcher Club at MT SMART STADIUM, HOME of the MIGHTY VODAFONE WARRIORS 26 November 2015 Newsletter #100 No Advertisements Are Paid for in This Newsletter
    Sir Peter Leitch’s Mad Butcher Club AT MT SMART STADIUM, HOME OF THE MIGHTY VODAFONE WARRIORS 26 November 2015 Newsletter #100 No advertisements are paid for in this newsletter. Y THE time you read this The atmosphere at football in the UK is like nothing BI will be sunning myself by we see here. It is incredible. the pool in Hawaii, drinking a cocktail. Actually it will be mineral water for me – And another thing is that you pick up the paper the call me teetotal Pete these days. in Liverpool and it is nothing for their to be 10-12 pages just about Liverpool and the other club in the I will be there with my two lovely daughters Angela city, Everton. And on top of that there are more page and Julie, and of course my darling wife Janice, and about the clubs in the area playing in lower leagues. we will be celebrating 50 years of marriage. It has been a wonderful journey and to this day I can proudly boast that we have never had an argument. I can boast it, but it wouldn’t be true. Liverpool squad with Kiwis. All the same, she has been an amazing pillar of support and strength for me, and I do not say it often enough, but she is my rock. We will also get a chance to catch up with our good friends Jim and Josie in Hawaii, and they can never THree Cheers For Volunteers do enough for us when we are there. Terrific people.
    [Show full text]
  • BABY DRIVER One of the Year’S Best Movies
    PACKED WITH RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE FULL LIST OF 2500+ CHANNELS Voted World’s Best Infl ight Entertainment for the Digital Widescreen | October 2017 13th consecutive year! Cut to the chase in BABY DRIVER one of the year’s best movies © 2017 MARVEL NEW MOVIES | DOCUMENTARIES | SPORT | ARABIC MOVIES | COMEDY TV | KIDS | BOLLYWOOD | DRAMA | NEW MUSIC | BOX SETS | AND MORE OBCOFCOct17EX2.indd 51 12/09/2017 16:51 EMIRATES ICE_EX2_DIGITAL_WIDESCREEN_60_OCTOBER17 051_FRONT COVER_V1 200X250 44 An extraordinary ENTERTAINMENT experience... Wherever you’re going, whatever your mood, you’ll find over 2500 channels of the world’s best inflight entertainment to explore on today’s flight. THE LATEST Information… Communication… Entertainment… Track the progress of your Stay connected with in-seat* phone, Experience Emirates’ award- MOVIES flight, keep up with news SMS and email, plus Wi-Fi and mobile winning selection of movies, you can’t miss movies and other useful features. roaming on select flights. TV, music and games. from page 16 525 © 2017 Disney/Pixar© 2017 ...AT YOUR FINGERTIPS STAY CONNECTED 4 Connect to the 1500 OnAir Wi-Fi network on all A380s and most Boeing 777s 1 Choose a channel Go straight to your chosen programme by typing the channel WATCH LIVE TV number into your handset, or use 2 3 Live news and sport the onscreen channel entry pad channels are 1 3 available on Swipe left and Search for Move around most fl ights. right like a tablet. movies, TV using the games Find out Tap the arrows shows, music controller pad more on onscreen to and system on your handset page 9.
    [Show full text]