World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Abhishek et al . World Journal of Pharmaceutical SJIF ImpactResearch Factor 7.523

Volume 7, Issue 1, 443-455. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105

REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF RUBRA

Abhishek R. Bura*1, Ajit K. Nangare2, Gaurav S. Lodha1, Jyoti B. Chavan1, Snehal D. Khatake1 and Hrishikesh S. Patil1

1Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundations College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat, Ahmednagar (MS), India - 414111. 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundations College Of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat, Ahmednagar, (MS), India, 414111.

Article Received on ABSTRACT 05 Nov. 2017, Plumeria rubra is a deciduous species belonging to the genus

Revised on 26 Nov. 2017, Plumeria and family .Plumeriarubra is generally grown Accepted on 17 Dec. 2017

DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20181-10505 for decorative purpose in gardens, parks, etc due to its beautiful and attractive flowers available in various colours and having a lovely 8533 *Corresponding Author fragrance. In India it is widely used for traditional medicine as Abhishek R. Bura purgative, remedy for diarrhoea and cure for itch. The latex i.e. milky Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil juice used for treating inflammation. The flowers are used for acne and Foundations College of fragrance purpose. Plumeriarubra has numerouspharmacological Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat, activitiesand can be used as a drug for treating various diseases in Ahmednagar (MS), India - 414111. future.

KEYWORDS: Champa, bountifully, Anxiolytic, Antimutagenic, Antiviral.

INTRODUCTION Plumeria rubra is a commonly known as Gulachin in Hindi & Champa or Sonchampa in Marathi, whereas known as Kishirachampa in Sanskrit in India.It belongs to the family Apocynaceae. Plumeriarubra is belonging to and from its native place it has been distributed worldwide speciallyHawaii where it is grown bountifully. The flowers of plant are used for ornamental purpose because of its fragrance and odour. Different parts of the plant have been mentioned to be used in various diseases. The latex used as anti inflammatory. The flower is used as contraceptive, Cure acne etc. Bark and leaves for rheumatism,

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 443

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

inflammation, anti-fertility, Anthelmintic etc. Other all medicinal uses, phytochemistry and botanical description are discussed in this review.

Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): (unranked): Order: Family: Apocynaceae Tribe: Plumerieae Genus: Plumeria Synonym: Plumeriaacutifolia Poir.  Plumeriaangustifolia A. DC.  Plumeriaarborea Noronha  Plumeriaarborescens G. Don  Plumeriaaurantia Endl.  Plumeriaaurantia Lodd. ex G. Don  Plumeriaaurantiaca Steud.  Plumeriabicolor Ruiz & Pav.  Plumeriablandfordiana Lodd. ex G.Don Plumeriacarinata Ruiz & Pav. Plumeriaconspicua G. Don Plumeriagouanii D. Don ex G. Don. Plumeriaincarnata Mill.

Morphology: Small, deciduous tree to 8 m high is usually grown as an ornamental plant in garden, parks and generally in areas of the cemetery or grow wide. Branches are swollen and leafy at tips. Latex is milky white which easily breaks.

Leaves: Leaves are simple, found in clusters at branch ends. They are alternate, glossy dark green on stout petioles. Leaves lancet shaped elongated, 20-40 Cm Long, 6-12.5 cm wide, pointed tip, base narrow, flatedge, apexacute to acuminate, margin entire, lamina simple. The leaf has a thick and distinct midrib, with veins having nerves branching out from the main central nerve.

Bark and roots: The bark is thin, grey green in colour with a slight shine. The branches are rounded and swollen almost sausage like in appearance.

Flower: These are large & showy, sweetly fragrant, pedicellate, bisexual, pentamerous, 5-7 cm in diameter.Calyxis synsepalous, five obtuse lobes. Corolla is sympetalousabouttube cylindrical in shape. The inside is slightly yellow in colour Fig. A & B.

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 444

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

(A) (B)

Fruit and seed: The fruit is follicle with a linear oblong to ellipsoid shape. They are about 15-20 cm long and 1.5-2 cm in diameter. Seeds are oblong or lanceolate, numerous, thin and winged.

Phytochemical constituents of Plumeria rubra The different extract of Plumeriarubra were found to contain tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, reducing sugar, saponins and glycosides. A new mono terpene alkaloid, (R)-4′-((S)-1- hydro xyethyl)-5,6-dihydro-5′ H-spiroyclopenta[C]pyridine-7,2’-furan)-5′-one, designated as plumerianine; the iridoid 15-demethylplumeride; and three knowntriterpenes, namely lupeol, uvaol and ursolic acid, were isolated from the methanol extract of Plumeriaacutifolialeaves (18) Seven compounds namely 2-methylbutan-1-ol, β-phenylethyl alcohol, nonadecane, heneicosane, benzyl salicylate, tetradecanoic acid and phenylacetaldehyde were found in the essentialoil of P. rubra red flower variety (32) andthe major reported constituents of essential oils in white flower are benzyl salicylate (26.7%- 33.5%), benzyl benzoate (7.9%-22.3%), geraniol (< 0.05%- 17.2%), (E,E)-geranyl linalool (0.2%-9.4%), tricosane (1.1%-8.3%), linalool (0.1%-8.0%), nonadecane (3.8%-7.0%), (E)- nerolidol (5.5%-7.0%)(10) The following iridoids, fulvoplumierin, allamcin, allamandin, plumieride, α-allamcidin, 15-demethylplumieride, β-allamcidin and 13- O-trans-p - coumaroylplumieride; the lignan, liriodendrin, and 2,5-dimethoxy- p –benzoquinone were isolated from the bark of Plumeriarubra. Taraxasteryl acetate, lupeol, stigmasterol, oleanolic acid, cycloart-22-ene-3 α, 25-diol and rubrinol, a new triterpene of the ursane series, were isolated from whole of P. rubra.

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 445

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

OH OH HO OH OH

O O O OH H3C O O HO

OH O 5-Hydroxy-2-[4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-7-(3,4,5- trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-chroman-4-one

O OH

HN OH OH HO O O HO OH OH 2-Hydroxy-tricos-16-enoic acid [2,3-dihydroxy-1-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2- yloxymethyl)-heptadecyl]-amide

H3C

CH3 CH3 CH3 HO

CH3 HO

CH3 OH 4-Hydroxymethyl-4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b- icosahydro-picene-2,3-diol

H3C

CH3 CH3 CO 2H HO

CH3 HO H3C CH3 (1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bS)-1-acetyl-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a- pentamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b- hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 446

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

O OMe H

H O OH O OH O O OH CH O 3 HO HO 1-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2- yl]oxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one;dehydrate.

O OMe

O OH O OH O O OH CH O 3 OH O O

OH

methyl (7R)-4'-[(1R)-1-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyethyl]-5'-oxo-1-[3,4,5- trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[4a,7a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-7,2'- furan]-4-carboxylate.

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 447

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

O OMe

O OH O OH O O OH CH O 3 OH O O

HO methyl (7R)-4'-[(1R)-1-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyethyl]-5'-oxo-1-[3,4,5- trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[4a,7a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-7,2'- furan]-4-carboxylate.

Pharmacological Activities 1. Anti-Microbial Activity and Anti-Bacterial Activity[2,5,15,25.28] Methanolic extract of stem bark exhibited in vitroanti-microbial activity against gram positive bacteria. (Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium) & fungi (Aspergillusniger & Candidaalbicans). The ethanolic extract of Plumeria rubra flowers significantly exhibited antimicrobial activity by Disc diffusion method by inhibiting growth of S. typhi, E. coli, E. faecalis and B. cereus.

The invitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic, chloroform, ethyl acetate and Aqueousextract of leaves of Plumeriarubra was been studied using disc diffusion method against s. epidermis and Escherichia coli of bacterial strains. Among all the extract of leaves ethanolic extract of leaves are showing partial antibacterial activity against S.epidermidis at 750 and 1000 micro gram per ml and 1500 micro gram per ml showing complete antimicrobial activity while Escherichia coli at 1500 micro gram per ml respectively. The results were compared with standard ciprofloxacin and found that complete antimicrobial activity against S. epidermis at

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 448

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

500 mg per ml and Escherichia at 750 mg per ml. The extract of leaves shows significant Antibacterial activity.

2. Anti-pyretic and Antinociceptive Activity[14,24] Different doses (100,250,500 mg per kg) of methanolic extract of leaves of Plumeriaacuminata were administered orally. This showed significant reduction in Brewer’s yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. The extract was also elicited pronounced inhibitory effect on acetic acid induced writing. Hot plate tail flick and tail immersion responses in mice in the Antinociceptive test. The extract significantly reduced the rectal temperature and was compared with reference paracetamol (100 mg). The methanolic extract of leaves strongly reduced by intra-peritoneal administration of acetic acid solution and result compared with the standard drug aspirin. The extract shows antipyretic activity governed by peripheral and external inhibitory mechanism.

3. Anti-inflammatory activity[12,29] The methanolic extract of leaves of Plumeriaacuminata posses Anti-inflamatory activity in both acute and chronic experimental animal models. The methanolic extract of leaves (500 Mg/Kg. Bw) showed maximum Anti-inflammatory effectthat is 30.51,47.06,34.48 &32.50 % at end of 3 hours using carrageenan,dextran,histamine and serotonin assay respectively. In cotton pellet method the extract (500 Mg/Kg. Bw) significantly reduced the formation of granuloma tissue at rate of 45.06%. This effect was compared with indomethacin (10 mg/kg. Bw) and reduction was found to be 51.57%. Hence the Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated.

4. Antioxidant and Free radical scavenging activity[13,23] Methanolic extract of leaves of Plumeriaacuminata possess Antioxidant and Free radical scavenging activity by inhibiting peroxidation of linoleic acid in dose dependant manner. The extract showed maximum activity of 60.42% and 56.38 % inhibition at concentration 125 mg per micro gram in DPPH radical and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay respectively. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of leaves increased in dose dependant manner as 50, 100, 300, 400, 500, micro gram on animal modelstudy. The methanolic extract of leaves of Plumeriaacuminata shows significant Antioxidant and Free radical scavenging activity.

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 449

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

5. Anti-mutagenic Activity[11] The ethanolic extract of leaves of Plumeriarubra was examined for Anti-mutagenic Activity. The micronucleus test was carried out and showed that a dosage of 2 mg isolate and 5 mg extract per 25 gram mouse of crude extract significantly reduced the number of micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes induced by mutagen Mitomycin C. 4 isolated A1,C1,D3, F2 showed antimutagenic activity and reduced the number of mutagens Mitomycin C as A1 by 75%, stigmast-7-enol 80% (C1),lupeol carboxylic acid 57% (D3), ursolic acid 76% (F2).The structure of A1 is not fully elucidated but ms data suggest,it contains a hydrocarbon chain. These fractions A1, C1, D3, F2 possess Anti-mutagenic Activity.

6. Anti-cancer Activity[30] The ethanolic extract of leaves of Plumeria rubra was evaluated for anti-cancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss Albino Mice. The extract was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg per kilogram and 400 mg per kilogram body weight and was compared with 5-Fluoruracial (20 mg per kilogram per day IP) for 9 days. The anticancer activity was evaluated by determining tumor volume, tumor cell count, viabletumor cell count, mean survival time and increased life span in animal model study. Ethanolic extract of Plumeria rubra restored the haematological parameters as compared with E A C bearing mice. Theethanolic Extract of Plumeria rubra leaves decreasing the nutritional fluid volume and arresting the tumour growth increases the life span of EAC bearing mice extract also effective in inhibiting the tumour growth in ascetic tumour models.

7. Hypoglycemic Activity[19,23] Flavone glycoside was used as drug for evaluation of hypoglycemic activity obtain from the extract of Plumeria rubra and was confirmed by colouring reaction and chromatographic methods. Flavone glycoside from Plumeria rubra significantly reduced the level of serum triglycerides in alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats but it did not alter the blood glucose and serum total cholesterol administration of the glycoside significantly reduced the elevated level of blood urea and creatinine and the activities of aspartate amino-transferase (SGOT) and alanine amino transferase (SGPT). When compared with hyperglycemia control animals,the beneficial effect of flavones glycoside treatment on triglycerides was observed and it assumes that the drug can be useful to decrease hyperlipidemic risks in diabetes.

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 450

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

8. Larvicidal Activity[27] Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised using Plumeria rubra plant latex and larvicidal activity was determined. The AgNPs synthesised from P. rubra latex were found toxic to second and fourth larval instar of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. The different range of concentration of synthesised AgNPs (10,5,2.5,0.625,0.3125 ppm) and aqueous crude latex extract (1000,500,250,125,62.50,31.25,ppm) were prepared and tested against larvae of A. aegypti and A. stephensi. The AgNPs was more toxic to both mosquito species was carried out against nontarget fish species Poecilia reticulate, the most common organism in habitats of A. aegypti and A.stephensi and it showed no toxicity at LC50 And LC90doses of the AgNPs. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised using Plumeria rubra latex possess potent Larvicidal Activity.

9. Anxiolytic activity[7] The ethanolic extract of Plumeria rubraflower was evaluated for Anxiolytic activity. Oral administration of ethanolic extract at dose of 50mg/kg p. o. and 100 mg/kg p.o.to male Swiss mice significantly increased time spent in open arms of elevated plus-maze test. But no effect was observed with higher dose of 200mg/kg. The anxiolytic properties of hexane, chloroform and butanolic soluble and insoluble fractions at one- fifth of original dose were studied in elevated plus-maze test. Out of which butanol insoluble fraction (BIF) showed significantly Anxiolytic activity which was compared with standard drug diazepam drug. On pre-treatment both flower ethanolic extract and BIF did not show any side effect in horizontal activity, total distance travelled and stereotype count in animal activity monitor no motor in coordination side effect were observed in rotarod test in mice. The ethanolic extract of flower of Plumeria rubraand butanol insoluble fraction possess significant Anxiolytic activity.

10. Anthelmintic activity[29] The Anthelmintic activity of Plumeria rubra was evaluated from crude methanolic extract of leaves.25mg/ml concentration of dose was studied for its Anthelmintic activity on Indian adult earthworms (Pheretimaposthuma) and composed with standard piperazine citrate. The methanolic extract of leaves posses Anthelmintic activity.

11. Antiviral activity[34] An iridoidfulvoplumierin was isolated from Plumeria rubra. Is an active compound with an IC50 45 micro gram per ml against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. It acts by reverse transcriptase mechanism. www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 451

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

12. Antifertility activity[36] The antifertility effect of the alcoholic extract of Plumeriarubra pot in female albino pregnant rats was studied. The rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Experimental groups of animals were given Plumeriarubra pot extract at dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight from 11 to 15th day of pregnancy. The extract showed significant reduction in the number of live fetuses and increase in the resorption index and post inplantation losses. The dose of 200 mg/kg BW showed highest 100% of abortion where as 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg BW showed 13.46% and 43.63 % abortion respectivity. The alcoholic Plumeriarubra pot extract at dose of 200 mg/kg BW showed prolongation of estrous cycle and diestrus phase in experimental animals. The alcoholic extract showed alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, simple phenolicks, tannins and sapponins phytochemicals present.

CONCLUSION Plants have been the basis for medical treatments from long period in human history. Modern medicine uses many plant derived compounds as the basis for evidence based pharmaceutical drugs. This review focuses on the phytochemical and pharmacological uses of Plumeria rubra, now the future aspect is to isolate the specific constituent responsible or showing the specific pharmacological activity and studying it further for invivo bio-therapeutic activity. Hence Plumeria rubra can be a promising drug in future to treat various diseases.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to the Dr Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat, and Ahmednagar for providing all the necessary facilities and support to carry out this study and work.

REFERENCE 1. Abhijeet Dey And Anuradha Mukharjee Plumeriarubra (Apocynaceae) Ethanobotani Phytochemistry & Pharmacology: A Mini Review. Journal of plant Science, 2015; 10(2): 54-62. 2. Akhtar N, Malik A, Ali SN, Kazmi SU Rubrinol, a new antibacterial triterpenoid from Plumeriarubra. Fitoterapia, 1994; 65(2): 162-166. 3. Albers-Schönberg G, Schmid H Uber die struktur von plumericin, isoplumericin, β- dihydroplumericin und der β-dihydroplumericinsäure. Helv Chim Acta, 1961; 44: 1447-1473. www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 452

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

4. Ashraf M, D.Farooque, Mazumder A, Shambhawee S & Mazumder R. Review on Plumeria acuminate. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy & Chemistry, 2012; 2(2): 467-469. 5. Baghel AS, Mishra CK, Rani A, Sasmal D, Nema RK Antibacterial activity of PlumeriarubraLinn. plant extract. Journal Chem Pharm Res, 2010; 2(6): 435-440. 6. Patil CD, Patil SV, Borase HP, Salunke BK, Salunkhe RB Larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Plumeriarubraplant latex against Aedesaegyptiand Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol Res, 2012; 110(5): 1815-1822. 7. Chatterjee M, Verma R, Lakshmi V, Sengupta S, Verma AK, Mahdi AA, Palit G Anxiolytic effects of Plumeriarubravar. acutifolia (Poiret) L. flower extracts in the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety in mice. Asian Journal Psychiatry, 2013; 6(2): 113-118. 8. Devprakash, Rohan Tembare, Suhas Gurav, Senthil Kumar G.P, T. Tamizh Mani Review of Phytochemical Constituents & Pharmacological Activity of Plumeria species. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Res, 2014; 4(1): 1-6. 9. Edward f. gilman & Dennis g. Watson Plumeriarubra: frangipani, IFAS Extention university of florida ENH650, 1-3. 10. Goswami P, Chauhan A, Verma RS and Padalia RC Chemical Constituents of Floral Volatiles of Plumeriarubra L. from India, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 2016; S3: 005. 11. Guevara AP, Amor E, Russell G Antimutagens from Plumeriaacuminata Ait. Mutat Res, 1996; 361(2–3): 67-72. 12. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Gomathi P, Selvan VT Antiinflammatory evaluation of leaves of Plumeriaacuminata. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2006; 6: 36. 13. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Gomathi P Evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Plumeriaacuminataleaves. Journal Biol Sci, 2007; 7: 1361-1367. 14. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Gomathi P Evaluation of antipyretic and antinociceptive activities of Plumeriaacuminataleaves. Journal Med Sci, 2007; 7(5): 835-839. 15. Gupta M, Mazumder U, Gomathi P, Selvan VT Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of PlumeriaacuminataAit. Leaves and Tephrosiapurpurea (Linn.) Pers. roots. Nat Radiance, 2008; 7(2): 102-105. 16. Hamburger MO, Cordell GA, Ruangrungsi N Traditional medicinal plants of Thailand. XVII. Biologically active constituents of Plumeriarubra. Journal Ethnopharmacol, 1991; 33(3): 289-292.

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 453

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

17. Han M Essential oil extraction from PlumeriarubraLinn and its component analysis. Journal Anhui Agric Sci, 2007; 35(20): 6100-6102. 18. Hassan EM, Shahat AA, Ibrahim NA, Vlietinck AJ, Apers S, Pieters L A new monoterpene alkaloid and other constituents of Plumeriaacutifolia. Planta Med, 2008; 74(14): 1749-1750. 19. Hernandez-Galicia E, Aguilar-Contreras A, Aguilar- Santamaria L, Roman-Ramos R, Chavez-Mirand AA, Garcia-Vega LM, Flores-Saen JL, Alarcon- Aguilar FJ Studies on hypoglycemic activity of Mexican medicinal plants. Proc West Pharmacol Soc, 2002; 45: 118-124. 20. Kalantri Manisha & Aher An review on Traditional Medicinal Plant: PlumeriaRubra. Journalof Med plants Studies, 2016; 4(6): 204-207. 21. Kardono LB, Tsauri S, Padmawinata K, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD Cytotoxic constituents of the bark of Plumeriarubracollected in Indonesia. Journal Nat Prod, 1990; 53(6): 1447-1455. 22. Li Y, Liu J, Yang M, Li J Studies on the constituents of essential oil from the flower of PlumeriarubraLinn. cv. acutifoliaby GC-MS. Tianjin Pharm, 2006; l8(4): 2-3. 23. Merina AJ, Sivanesan D, Begum VH, Sulochana N Antioxidant and hypolipidemic effect of Plumeriarubra L. In alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats. E Journal Chem, 2010; 7(1): 1–5. 24. Misra V, Uddin SM, Srivastava V, Sharma U Antipyretic activity of the Plumeriarubraleaves extract. International Journal Pharm, 2012; 2(2): 330-332. 25. N. Murugunantham, S.soonon, M. M. senthanilselvi Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Plumeriarubra flowers. AmericanJournal of Pharmatech Res, 2015; 5(1): 283-289. 26. Oladipupo A. lavel, isiaka A Qqunwande and andy R. Qpoku Chemical composition of essential oils of Plumeriarubra C. Grown in Nigeria. E Journal of med plants, 2015; 6(1): 55-61. 27. Chanda I, Basu SK, Dutta SK, Das SRC A protease isolated from the latex of PlumeriarubraLinn (Apocynaceae) 1: purification and characterization. Trop Journal Pharm Res, 2011; 10(6): 705-711. 28. Rasool SN, Jaheerunnisa S, Chitta SK, Jayaveera KN Antimicrobial activities of Plumeriaacutifolia. Journal Med Plants Res, 2008; 2(4): 77-80. 29. Rastogi S, Rastogi H, Singh V Anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic activities of methanolic extract of Plumeriarubraleaves. Indian Journal Nat Prod, 2009; 25(4): 15-18. www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 454

Abhishek et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

30. Rekha JB, Jayakar B Anti-cancer activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Plumeriarubra (Linn). Curr Pharm Res, 2011; 1(2): 175-179. 31. Shinde P.R, Patil P.S, Bairagi V.A, Phytopharmacological Review of Plumeria species. Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy, 2014; 3(2): 217-227. 32. Sulaiman SF, Yaacob SS, Tan ML, Tengku Muhammad TS Chemical components of the essential oils from three species of Malaysian Plumeria L. And their effects on the growth of selected microorganisms. Journal Biosci, 2008; 19(2): 1-7. 33. Sunita Verma Multipurpose Ornamental Plant Plumerialinn (Apocynaceae) IJSRSET, 2016; 2: 646-649. 34. Tan GT, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD, Hughes SH Evaluation of natural products as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. Journal Nat Prod, 1991; 54(1): 143-154. 35. T.K. Lim, Edible Medicinal And Non medicinal Plants, Springs, 7- Flowers, 94-106. 36. VarshaZade, Dinesh Dabhadkar Antifertility effect of Alcoholic extract of Plumeriarubra on estrous cycle of female Albino rat. International Journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 2012; 12(15): 75-79-37. 37. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumeria_rubra.

www.wjpr.net Vol 7, Issue 1, 2018. 455