Penal Codes Affecting Air Taser
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Study of Deaths Following Electro Muscular Disruption
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs MAY 2011 National Institute of Justice Special REPORT Study of Deaths Following Electro Muscular Disruption www.nij.gov Office of Justice Programs Innovation • Partnerships • Safer Neighborhoods www.ojp.usdoj.gov U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 Eric H. Holder, Jr. Attorney General Laurie O. Robinson Assistant Attorney General John H. Laub Director, National Institute of Justice This and other publications and products of the National Institute of Justice can be found at: National Institute of Justice www.nij.gov Office of Justice Programs Innovation • Partnerships • Safer Neighborhoods www.ojp.usdoj.gov MAY 2011 Study of Deaths Following Electro Muscular Disruption NCJ 233432 John H. Laub Director, National Institute of Justice Findings and conclusions of the research reported here are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position and policies of their respective organizations or the U. S. Department of Justice. The products, manufacturers and organizations discussed in this document are presented for informational purposes only and do not constitute product approval or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Justice. The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance; the Bureau of Justice Statistics; the Community Capacity Development Office; the Office for Victims of Crime; the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and the Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking (SMART). Study of Deaths Following Electro Muscular Disruption ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The National Institute of Justice gratefully acknowledges the following individuals. -
Frequent Monitoring and Behavioral Assessment: Keys to the Care of the Intoxicated Patient
REVIEWS & ANALYSES Frequent Monitoring and Behavioral Assessment: Keys to the Care of the Intoxicated Patient Mary C. Magee, MSN, RN, CPHQ, CPPS INTRODUCTION Senior Patient Safety/Quality Analyst Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority Intoxicated patients and those under the influence of alcohol, regardless of care setting, pose unique challenges to healthcare providers, who must manage patient Timothy Horine, BSN, RN Staff Nurse, Neuro-Cardiac ICU aggression, gain cooperation with treatments, and monitor the patient for changes in Main Line Health-Bryn Mawr Hospital condition, including gradual or acute deterioration. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 38.3% of the world’s popula- ABSTRACT tion drinks alcohol. Individuals older than 15 years drink 6.2 liters on average per Worldwide, harmful use of alcohol year, and globally, harmful use of alcohol causes about 3.3 million (5.9%) deaths every causes more than 3 million deaths per year.1 Two-thirds of American adults consume alcohol, up to 10% abuse it, and acute year. Two-thirds of American adults intoxication is associated with traffic accidents, domestic violence, homicide, and sui- consume alcohol and up to 10% cide.2 A 2014 survey conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services abuse it. In the United States every Administration (SAMHSA) noted that “24.7% of people ages 18 or older reported year, more than 600,000 emergency that they engaged in binge drinking* in the past month; 6.7% reported they engaged department visits are related to alco- in heavy drinking in the past month.”4 In the United States, it is estimated that hol intoxication. -
Excited Delirium
UC Irvine Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health Title Excited Delirium Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n55r1kj Journal Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 12(1) ISSN 1936-900X Authors Takeuchi, Asia Ahern, Terence L Henderson, Sean O Publication Date 2011 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Review Excited Delirium Asia Takeuchi, MD* * University of California, San Diego School of Medicine Terence L. Ahern, BA† † Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California Sean O. Henderson, MD‡ ‡ Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Emergency Medicine and Preventive Medicine Supervising Section Editor: Shahram Lotfipour, MD, MPH Submission history: Submitted June 17, 2009; Revision received January 4, 2010; Accepted April 1, 2010 Reprints available through open access at http://escholarship.org/uc/uciem_westjem Excited (or agitated) delirium is characterized by agitation, aggression, acute distress and sudden death, often in the pre-hospital care setting. It is typically associated with the use of drugs that alter dopamine processing, hyperthermia, and, most notably, sometimes with death of the affected person in the custody of law enforcement. Subjects typically die from cardiopulmonary arrest, although the cause is debated. Unfortunately an adequate treatment plan has yet to be established, in part due to the fact that most patients die before hospital arrival. While there is still much to be discovered about the pathophysiology and treatment, it is hoped that this extensive review will provide both police and medical personnel with the information necessary to recognize and respond appropriately to excited delirium. -
LL. EXCITED DELIRIUM SYNDROME (Exds)
LL. EXCITED DELIRIUM SYNDROME (ExDS) 1. Initiate General Patient Care 2. Presentation: a) Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS) is a potentially life-threatening condition in which a person is in a psychotic and extremely agitated state. Mentally, the sub- ject is unable to process rational thoughts or to focus their attention. Physically, the body’s systems are functioning at such a high rate that they begin to shut down and fail. When these two factors occur at the same time, a person can act erratically enough that they become a danger to self and to the public. b) History of present illness often includes: (1) Ingestion of a stimulant or hallucinogenic drug (2) Drug/alcohol withdrawal (3) Psychiatric patient who is off of medication c) Signs and symptoms: ExDS is characterized as having a minimum of bizarre and aggressive behavior and one of the above history. The more signs and symp- toms the patient exhibits, the more likely the patient is to have ExDS and the higher the risk for complications. (1) Tachycardia (2) Hypertension (3) High body temperature (4) Dilated pupil (5) Incoherent or nonsensical speech (6) Rapid or inconsistent breathing patterns (7) Paranoia (8) Skin changes: (a) Hot/dry skin (in the anticholinergic patient) (b) Profuse sweating (in the cocaine/MDMA/methamphetamine patient) (9) Shivering (10) Inappropriate removal of clothing (11) Patients who present after receiving multiple TASER or other less lethal energy by law enforcement MANY LIFE-THREATENING MEDICAL EMERGENCIES PRESENT WITH SIMILAR SIGNS OF EXDS. EXAMPLES INCLUDE HYPOGLYCEMIA, HYPOXIA, SEIZURES, HEAD INJURIES, AND SEPSIS. EMS PROVIDERS MUST ALWAYS ASSESS FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF OTHER EMERGENCY MEDICAL CAUSES FOR THE PATIENT’S PRESENTATION. -
When Does Taser Use Become Torture? Submission to the Thomas R
When Does Taser Use Become Torture? Submission to the Thomas R. Braidwood, Q.C., Study Commission [on Police use of Conducted Energy Weapons in British Columbia] Ted Palys, PhD Professor School of Criminology Simon Fraser University I thank the Commissioner for accepting this submission; I do not request an in-person appearance. I am a Professor of Criminology at Simon Fraser University. My primary areas of expertise include research methodology, evaluation research, and the links between research and policy; I have taught courses at SFU in these areas for more than 25 years. I do not claim any particular expertise with respect to conducted energy weapons – commonly referred to as Tasers – or their use. I have done research with different police forces in my career (the RCMP and Vancouver Police Department), but do not claim any extensive expertise with respect to policing. My interest in Taser-use policy arises from my academic interests/expertise and my concerns as a citizen for the relationship that exists in our society among the State, its police, and the citizenry. Part of my reason for writing at this time is the media attention being given to the question of whether Tasers are safe when used in the array of criminal justice contexts (e.g., federal, provincial and municipal police forces, transit security police). While this is an important question, I am concerned that an emphasis on the safety issue – which, at some level, is a purely scientific question – is being confounded with and diverting attention away from the more social/political question of whether/when/how we permit Taser use. -
Less Lethal Force
LESS LETHAL FORCE Proposed Standards for Massachusetts Law Enforcement Agencies Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 II. Less Lethal Weapons ......................................................................................................... 2 A. Types of Less Lethal Weapons .............................................................................. 2 1. Chemical Sprays ........................................................................................ 2 2. Pepper Spray .............................................................................................. 3 3. Impact Projectiles ....................................................................................... 4 a. Bean Bag Rounds ........................................................................... 4 b. Rubber Bullets ............................................................................... 4 c. Pepper Spray Projectiles ................................................................ 5 d. Wooden Bullet Projectiles ............................................................. 5 4. Electroshock Weapons ............................................................................... 5 5. Other Devices ............................................................................................. 6 -
Investigation Summary SIRT-NL File No. 2019-007
Investigation Summary SIRT-NL File No. 2019-007 Michael King Director August 19, 2021 Introduction On November 27, 2018 a Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC) officer involved shooting occurred in the city of Corner Brook, resulting in the death of a member of the public. Due to the nature of the incident and the need for an independent investigation, on November 28, 2018 the Department of Justice and Public Safety (DJPS) contacted Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) to investigate the incident. In addition to this, DJPS engaged the Alberta Serious Incident Response Team (ASIRT) to provide an independent civilian review of the OPP’s investigation. In September 2019, the Serious Incident Response Team of Newfoundland and Labrador (SIRT-NL) was established with the appointment of its first director. SIRT-NL is a civilian led oversight agency. SIRT-NL conducts its own investigations into serious incidents. Serious incidents within this context are those involving serious injury, death, sexual offence, domestic violence or any matter of significant public interest arising from the actions of a police officer in Newfoundland and Labrador. It should be noted that, at all material times hereto, SIRT-NL was not yet operational. Because the OPP investigation remained ongoing at the time of SIRT-NL’s establishment, together with the fact that ASIRT had not commenced its review of the investigation, DJPS, ASIRT, the OPP and SIRT-NL agreed, in December 2019, that SIRT-NL would take over ASIRT’s role of reviewing the OPP’s investigation. It is important to outline the nature and scope of a review. The purpose of a review is to provide an independent and objective examination of an investigation to ensure the investigators conducted the investigation properly, used best practices and took all investigative steps appropriate in the circumstances. -
Geneva Guidelines on Less-Lethal Weapons and Related Equipment in Law Enforcement
Geneva Guidelines on Less-Lethal Weapons and Related Equipment in Law Enforcement Text for Consultation July 2018 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. DEFINITIONS 5 3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES ON USE OF FORCE 8 The principle of legality 8 The principle of precaution 8 The principle of necessity 9 The principle of proportionality 9 The principle of non-discrimination 10 The principle of accountability Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. ACCOUNTABILITY 11 5. GENERAL PRINCIPLES PERTAINING TO LESS-LETHAL WEAPONS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT 14 5.1 Design and production 14 5.2 Legal Review, Testing, and Procurement 14 5.3 Monitoring 15 5.4 Transparency 16 5.5 Training 16 5.6 Medical Assistance 17 5.7 Transfer 17 5.8 International Cooperation and Assistance 17 6. PROHIBITED LESS-LETHAL WEAPONS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT 19 6.1 Unlawful less-lethal weapons 19 6.2 Unlawful related equipment 19 7. USE OF FORCE IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS 20 7.1 During arrest 20 7.2 Custodial settings 20 7.3 During Assemblies (Public Order Management) 21 8 USE OF SPECIFIC LESS-LETHAL WEAPONS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT 23 8.1 Police batons 23 Utility and design 23 Circumstances of potentially lawful use 23 Specific risks 24 Unlawful use 24 8.2 Hand-held chemical irritants 24 Utility and design 24 Circumstances of potentially lawful use 25 Specific risks 25 Unlawful use 25 8.3 Chemical irritants dispersed at a distance (tear gas) 26 Utility and design 26 Circumstances of potentially lawful use 26 Specific risks 26 Unlawful use 27 8.4 Conducted electrical weapons 27 Utility and design 27 Circumstances -
TASER® Device Guidelines
Policy Peoria Police Department 309 Peoria PD Policy Manual TASER® device Guidelines 309.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE This policy provides guidelines for the issuance and use of TASER devices. 309.2 DEFINITIONS Reportable injury - Defined as an injury that is visible to a Peoria Police Department employee and/or the individual alleges that an injury has occurred. 309.3 POLICY The TASER device is intended to control a violent or potentially violent individual, while minimizing the risk of serious injury. The appropriate use of such a device should result in fewer serious injuries to officer and suspects. 309.4 ISSUANCE AND CARRYING OF TASER DEVICES Only members who have successfully completed department-approved training may be issued and carry a TASER device. TASER devices are issued for use during a member's current assignment. Those leaving a particular assignment may be required to return the device to the department's inventory. Officers shall only use the TASER device and cartridges that have been issued by the Department. Uniformed officers who have been issued the TASER device shall wear the device in an approved holster on their person. Members carrying a TASER device should perform a spark test on the unit prior to every shift. When carried while in uniform, officers shall carry the TASER device in a support-side holster on the side opposite the duty weapon or use a draw with the support-side hand. • All TASER devices shall be clear1y and distinctly marked to differentiate them from the duty weapon and any other device. • Whenever practicable, officers should carry two or more cartridges on their person when carrying the TASER device. -
TASER Pulse CEW User Manual
TASER Pulse CEW User Manual IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS Read all warnings and instructions. Save these instructions. The most up-to-date warnings and instructions are available at www.TASER.com MMU0062 Rev: A Contents 1 Chapter 1: Warnings 1 Important Safety and Health Information 2 Chapter 2: General Information 2 What Is the TASER Pulse CEW? 2 Neuro Muscular Incapacitation (NMI) 2 Basic Pulse Electrical Theory 4 Chapter 3: TASER Pulse CEW and Cartridge Features 4 Safety Switch 5 Power Supply 6 Trigger Switch 6 Spark Duration 6 Electrodes 7 LASER and LED Flashlight 7 High Visibility Sights 7 Holsters 7 The TASER Pulse Cartridge 8 Avoiding Unintentional Discharge 8 Protective Anti-Felon Identification (AFID) Tags 9 Load the Pulse Cartridges 10 Unloading Cartridges 10 Practicing with the Pulse CEW 11 Aiming and Probe Placement 12 Using the Pulse CEW 12 Deployment Instructions for Self-Defense 13 “Silence is Golden” 13 Potential Causes of Reduced or No Effectiveness i TASER Pulse CEW User Manual 13 What if I Miss? 13 TASER Safe Escape 14 Contact Stun (Drive-Stun) Backup 15 Chapter 4: Maintenance and Care 15 General Concepts 15 Function Test 16 Changing the Battery 18 Chapter 5: Ownership 19 Chapter 6: Additional Items 19 TASER Online Troubleshooting Guide 19 Legality 19 Warranty 19 Warnings Contents ii Chapter 1: Warnings Important Safety and Health Information The safety warnings posted at www.TASER.com are for your protection as well as the safety of others. Disregarding this information could result in death or serious injury. WARNING Read and Obey Significant differences exist between different TASER CEW (Conducted Electrical Weapon) models. -
NIJ Journal / Issue No
Medical Panel Issues Interim Findings on Stun Gun Safety by John Morgan, Ph.D. uring the three-year period from the trade name Taser® — has become the 2003 to 2005, 47 states and the less-lethal device of choice for a grow- D District of Columbia reported 2,002 ing number of law enforcement agencies. arrest-related deaths to the Bureau of Justice CEDs use a high-voltage, low-power charge Statistics’ Deaths in Custody Reporting of electricity to induce involuntary muscle Program.1 For many years, police leaders contractions that cause temporary incapaci- have sought alternatives to lethal force tation. Industry reports suggest that approxi- and better methods to subdue individuals mately 11,500 law enforcement agencies to limit injuries and death. around the country have acquired CEDs, with approximately 260,000 devices now Less-lethal devices have been used by law deployed. In 2003, TASER International enforcement for decades; during the early introduced the Taser X26®, the conducted- 1990s, pepper spray became the less-lethal energy device most widely used by law option of choice for law enforcement and enforcement today. corrections agencies. Although pepper spray is inherently safer than lethal-force options Although studies by law enforcement and may be preferable to blunt-force meth- agencies have found that the deployment ods, many advocates were concerned that of CEDs reduced injuries to officers and pepper spray was associated with in-custody suspects,3 a significant number of indivi- deaths. The National Institute of Justice duals have died after CED exposure. (NIJ) reviewed those cases and, in 2003, Some were normal healthy adults; others issued a report that found pepper spray were chemically dependent or had heart was safe and effective.2 disease or mental illness. -
Excited Delirium
The Information Source For Law Enforcement And Homeland Security SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2007 PUBLISHED BY DAYS COMMUNICATIONS, INC. VOL. 23 ISSUE 5 as “hiding the facts,” the chief and/or Public Information Officer (PIO) should organize and control the media event by allowing time to gather information; by getting briefed on the incident; by preparing a written media release; and, then, by appropriately and accurately informing the media and the public. Answering “No comment” to media questions is giving the media a license to in- vent, suggest, or help perpetuate baseless allegations which may be very negative to the agency’s public relations and to third party advocates. The following information about excited delirium, ECDs (Elec- tronic Control Devices), and SICDs is designed to provide a basic understanding for the PIO or law enforcement administrator who is being interviewed by the media. A media kit should be devel- oped and then given to interested parties regarding possible inci- dents involving excited delirium; the use of an ECD; or other SICD- related issues and media concerns. It should be made available before, during, and after the news conference. Although space pre- By John G. Peters, Jr., Ph.D., CLS vents a full explanation about each selected topic, the chief or PIO can direct the media to other organizations for additional timely, peer reviewed, and accurate information. Every media savvy police chief or The following questions have been asked of the PIO and oth- PIO knows that the key to not getting ers, and are presented in a question and answer format. Wasn’t “Excited Delirium” “sandbagged” by the media is to organize Invented by TASER®? and control a press conference, such as Contrary to what many journalists believe (or were told), the one concerning a sudden in-custody death.