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Japonisme in Britain TPS (234mm x156mm) ISBN: 041540584X Royal Octavio (234mm x156mm)(210) JAPONISME IN BRITAIN Japan held a profound fascination for western artists in the latter half of the nineteenth century and the influence of Japonisme on western art was pervasive. Paradoxically, just as western artists were beginning to find inspiration in Japan and Japanese art, Japan was opening to the western world and beginning a process of thorough modernisation - some have said westernisation. The mastery of western art was included in the programme. This book examines the nineteenth-century art world against this back- ground and explores Japanese influences on four artists working in Britain in particular: the American James McNeill Whistler, the Australian Mortimer Menpes and the 'Glasgow Boys' George Henry and Edward Atkinson Hornel. Richly illustrated throughout. Ayako Ono gained her Doctorate from Glasgow University and is currently teaching in Japan. JAPONISME IN BRITAIN Whistler, Menpes, Henry, Hornel and nineteenth-century Japan Ayako Ono RoutledgeCurzon Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2003 by RoutledgeCurzon 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by RoutledgeCurzon 270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016 RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group Transferred to Digital Printing 2006 © 2003 Ayako Ono Typeset in Times Ten by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ono, Ayako, 1970- Japonisme in Britain : Whistler, Menpes, Henry, Hornel, and 19th century Japan / Ayako Ono. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Art-Great Britain-19th century. 2. Art, Modern-Japanese influences. I. Title. N6767 .066 2003 760'.0941'09034-dc21 2002031753 ISBN10: 0-415-29686-2 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-415-40584-X (pbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-29686-1 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-40584-3 (pbk) ISBN13: 978-1-136-62503-9 (ebk) Printed and bound by CPI Antony Rowe, Eastbourne FOR MY PARENTS AND RYUTA CONTENTS List of figures IX Foreword Xlll Preface xvi Acknowledgements XVlll List of abbreviations xxi Introduction 1 1 Japonisme 5 Introduction: Japonisme and Japanese objects 5 Japonisme in Britain 14 Japonisme in Scotland (Glasgow) 20 Mass production and design improvement: Christopher Dresser and Arthur Lasenby Liberty 22 Japanese, medieval and Greek art: William Burges and E.W. Godwin 28 Women and costume 34 Conclusion 40 2 James McNeill Whistler's Japonisme 41 Introduction 41 Compositions 43 Japanese objects and subjectless painting 58 Nocturnes 72 Conclusion 86 vii CONTENTS Mortimer Menpes's visit to Japan: The influence of J. McNeill Whistler and Kawanabe Kyosai 87 Introduction 87 Japanese subjects and Whistler's influence 88 25 Cadogan Gardens 98 The influence of Japan 107 Conclusion 112 George Henry and Edward Atkinson Hornel's visit to Japan and Yokohama Shashin 114 Introduction 114 Before the visit to Japan 115 Yokohama Shashin in Broughton House 116 Life in Japan 117 Henry's Japanese subjects and use of photographs 124 Hornel's Japanese subjects and use of photographs 127 Conclusion 137 Conclusion 139 Appendices 143 Glossary 200 Notes 202 Bibliography 227 Index 246 viii FIGURES 1.1 'The International Exhibition: The Japanese Court' 9 1.2 Katsushika Hokusai, An artist standing on back of another man's back and writing on column, c. 1820 13 1.3 Letter from Hayashi Tadamasa to Shinagawa Yajiro 14 1.4 'The Japanese School at the Royal Academy' 17 1.5 'Our Japanneries', No. 10 18 1.6 Simeon Solomon, Lady in Chinese Dress with Japanese Fan,1865 19 1.7 James Cadenhead, Lady with Japanese Screen and Gold Fish (Portrait of Artist's Mother), 1886 20 1.8 Hukin & Heath solid silver tea and coffee sets with incised Japanese crest decorations 25 1.9 Japanese family crest, Maru ni Mitsuaoi 26 1.10 Japanese family crest, Andou Fuji 26 1.11 Japanese family crest, Chuwa ni Tachiaoi 27 1.12 E.W. Godwin, table with folding shelves, c. 1872 30 1.13 Cutaway of shoin 31 1.14 E.W. Godwin, the 'Four Seasons Cabinet', c. 1887 32 1.15 Torii Kiyonaga triptych 33 1.16 E.W. Godwin, 'Peacock' wallpaper, c. 1873 34 1.17 Torii Kiyonaga, Minami Juni-ko (Twelve Months in the South), 1874 35 1.18 E.W. Godwin, Japanese woman in kimono 36 1.19 A. Moore, Azaleas, 1868 38 2.1 J. McNeill Whistler, The Pool, 1859 44 2.2 J. McNeill Whistler, The Punt, 1861 45 2.3 Suzuki Harunobu, Hasuike Funa asobi, c. 1765 46 2.4 J. McNeill Whistler, The Kitchen, 1858 47 2.5 P. de Hooch, The Courtyard of a House in Delft, 1658 47 2.6 J. McNeill Whistler, At the Piano, 1858-9 48 2.7 J. McNeill Whistler, Symphony in White No. 2: The Little White Girl, 1864 49 ix FIGURES 2.8 J. McNeill Whistler, Variation in Flesh Colour and Green: The Balcony, c. 1864-70 50 2.9 J. McNeill Whistler, The White Symphony: Three Girls, c. 1868 51 2.10 J. McNeill Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black: Portrait of the Painter's Mother, 1871 51 2.11 J. McNeill Whistler, Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 2: Portrait of Thomas Carlyle, 1872-3 52 2.12 Kitagawa Utamaro II, Scene from the Kabuki Drama, Imoseyama 52 2.13 J. McNeill Whistler, Harmony in Green and Rose: The Music Room, 1860-1 53 2.14 J. McNeill Whistler, Wapping, 18ft(M 55 2.15 J. McNeill Whistler, La Princesse du pays de la porcelaine, 1864 57 2.16 J. McNeill Whistler, Caprice in Purple and Gold: The Golden Screen, 1864 61 2.17 J. McNeill Whistler, Purple and Rose: The Lange Leizen of the Six Marks, 1864 61 2.18 The drawing room at Whistler's house, 2 Lindsey Row, London, 1867-78 63 2.19 Japanese family crest, Mitsuwari Shuro 65 2.20 J. McNeill Whistler, Symphony in White No. 1: The White Girl, 1862 67 2.21 J. McNeill Whistler, Symphony in White No. 3,1865-7 68 2.22 J. McNeill Whistler, Harmony in Flesh Colour and Red, 1869 71 2.23 J. McNeill Whistler, Symphony in Grey and Green: The Ocean, 1866 73 2.24 J. McNeill Whistler, Nocturne: Blue and Gold - Old Battersea Bridge, 1872-7 74 2.25 J. McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, 1875 75 2.26 Hiroshige, Kyobashi Takegashi (Bamboo Bank, Kyo-bridge), 1857 76 2.27 Hiroshige, Ryogoku Hanabi (Fireworks at Ryogoku), 1858 77 2.28 J. McNeill Whistler, Old Battersea Bridge, 1879 78 2.29 J. McNeill Whistler, Nocturne: Grey and Gold - Westminster Bridge, 1871-2 79 2.30 Sesshu, landscape in the hatsuboku technique, 1495 80 2.31 Ogata K6rin, Kakitsubata Byobu (Iris Screen), early nineteenth century 82 2.32 Katsushika Hokusai, Sanka haku-u (Sudden Storm Below the Summit), c. 1830-1 83 X FIGURES 2.33 J. McNeill Whistler, Battersea, 1876-8 83 2.34 Tawaraya Sotatsu, Fujin from Fujin Raijin (Wind-God and Thunder-God), mid-seventeenth century 84 2.35 Quiz, New Series, vol. 1, 7 January 1897 85 2.36 J. McNeill Whistler, Nocturne: Blue and Silver - Cremorne Lights, 1872 85 3.1 M. Menpes, A Japanese Shop 89 3.2 M. Menpes, Umbrellas and Commerce, c. 1887 90 3.3 M. Menpes, On the Great Canal, Osaka, c. 1887 91 3.4 M. Menpes, Young Bronze Workers, 1898/1914 92 3.5 J. McNeill Whistler, Nocturne: Dance House, 1889 93 3.6 M. Menpes, Family Meal, 1898/1914 94 3.7 M. Menpes, Upstream from Nagasaki Harbour, 1898/1914 95 3.8 M. Menpes, Owifai, 1898/1914 96 3.9 M. Menpes, Playfellows 97 3.10 M. Menpes's collector's mark 98 3.11 Kagerou {Dragonfly) from Genji Kou 98 3.12 M. Menpes, A Geisha Girl, 1903 99 3.13 M. Menpes's house, 25 Cadogan Gardens, London: door of the inner hall 100 3.14 M. Menpes in his 'Japan Room' 102 3.15 M. Menpes, Sarah Bernhardt, c. 1900 103 3.16 M. Menpes's House, 25 Cadogan Gardens, London: the dining room 104 3.17 Kawanabe Kyosai, Kyousai E-nikki (Kyosai Picture Diary), 20 April 1887 108 3.18 M. Menpes, Portrait ofM.H Spielmann 112 4.1 G. Henry and E.A. Hornel, The Druids, 1890 115 4.2 E.A. Hornel, A Music Party, 1894 120 4.3 E.A. Hornel, Japanese Dancing Girls, 1894 121 4.4 Photograph: 22: Dancing Party, late nineteenth century 121 4.5 G. Henry, Salutations, 1894 122 4.6 G. Henry, A Japanese Pottery Seller, c. 1894 125 4.7 G. Henry, Japanese Lady with a Fan, 1894 126 4.8 Photograph: woman seen from behind, late nineteenth century 127 4.9 Photograph: women greeting, late nineteenth century 128 4.10 E.A. Hornel, A Japanese Garden, 1894 129 4.11 Photograph: flower viewing, late nineteenth century 131 4.12 E.A. Hornel, Figures with Lanterns and Bridge, 1894 132 4.13 Photograph: Kameido Tenjin, late nineteenth century 133 4.14 G. Henry, In a Japanese Garden, c. 1894 134 4.15 Photograph: woman playing koto, late nineteenth century 134 xi FIGURES 4.16 E.A. Hornel, The Lotus Flower, 1894 136 4.17 Photograph: 234: Singing Girl, late nineteenth century 137 4.18 Takahashi Yuichi, Oiran (Courtesan), c.
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