Inserimento, Innesto, Ibridazione

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Inserimento, Innesto, Ibridazione PROGETTO ∙ PROJECT La nuova Arena vista da piazza Nënë Tereza con in primo piano il Museo Archeologico © Archea Inserimento, The new Arena, view from Nënë Tereza Square with the Archaeological Museum in the foreground © Archea Innesto, Ibridazione La facciata-teca dell’Arena Kombëtare a Tirana Insertion, Graft, Hybrid The façade of the Arena Kombëtare in Tirana Antonello Boschi Sul palinsesto della preesistenza storica si “innesta” Andrea Bulleri il progetto del nuovo stadio disegnato da Archea. The new stadium designed by Archea is “grafted” upon this pre-existing historical project. Antefatto* «Il viale ricorda il manico del fascio, il grande edifcio del Rettorato ne rappresenta la testa che oltrepassa la scure propriamente detta, il teatro dell’Opera ne raffgura il dorso, mentre lo stadio […] ne imita il taglio a forma d’arco. […] nel cuore della capitale c’era una specie di gigantesco sigillo»1. Lungo il viale dell’Impero, al centro di piazza Littorio – oggi Nënë Tereza – Gherardo Bosio predispone l’impianto simbolico di Tirana capitale del Viceregno italiano (1939-1943): un gigantesco sigillo urbano conformato sul proflo di un fascio littorio, secondo una fortunata suggestione letteraria2. Il ricorso a una forma riconoscibile rimanda a pratiche compositive di facile lettura adottate dal Razionalismo italiano come la celebre fgura di schermidore utilizzata da Luigi 4.2018 paesaggio urbano 29 f e a b d Moretti nella disposizione planimetrica della Casa Casa della Gioventù del Littorio Albanese5 fno a “Il proflo del fascio Littorio”, delle Armi al Foro Italico (1934-1936), ma a ragion PRG Tirana 1940 di Gherardo trovare la sua naturale conclusione nella tribuna c Bosio e Ivo Lambertini © del vero nessuna dichiarazione chiarirà la natura Antonello Boschi, Andrea Bulleri centrale dello stadio. Nel rapporto tra la “pesantezza” accidentale, o intenzionalmente ricercata, di questa architettonica della scalinata monumentale in “Outline of the fasces,” Tirana evidente somiglianza. regulatory plan 1940, Gherardo travertino e il loggiato in calcestruzzo a vista, la Bosio and Ivo Lambertini © L’assetto della piazza è determinato da una sorta Antonello Boschi, Andrea Bulleri diversa rispondenza materica e volumetrica richiama di doppio registro compositivo: da una parte il il prospetto bipartito dell’Hotel Dajti6, così come il viale dell’Impero si propone come un susseguirsi rivestimento in bugnato utilizzato per la tribuna Fatto** Planimetria generale prima di facciate, lungo una direttrice longitudinale replica il trattamento utilizzato nella Casa del Fascio, dell’intervento: in tratteggio Inserimento, innesto, ibridazione. Parole che possono riassumere un progetto predominante, prospetticamente orientata sulla Casa con la quale instaura una relazione visiva diretta. il perimetro della Arena Kombëtare, Tirana 2016 © meglio di tanti disegni e che, a una osservazione distratta, posso sembrare avulse del Fascio, posta peraltro in posizione sopraelevata e Una uniformità dettata dalle puntuali indicazioni del Antonello Boschi, Andrea Bulleri dai modi dell’architettura e, al contrario, troppo vicine a “campi” dell’agricoltura, capace di riunire richiami tradizionali all’architettura piano regolatore7 e purtroppo interrotta nel 1943 a) Stadio Qemal Stafa della botanica, della genetica. Se infatti l’inserimento di una costruzione in un italiana, come il trattamento a bugnato, e a quella lasciando in eredità un impianto mai realmente b) Rettorato/Museo archeologico tessuto consolidato, è oramai termine accettato che presuppone un rapporto albanese, con la ripresa tipologica della kulla3. completato. Irfan Tërshana provvederà a defnirne c) Politecnico di Tirana d) Accademia delle Arti dialettico con il luogo fatto di concordanze e opposizioni, mimetismi e distacchi, Al viale dell’Impero, prolungamento meridionale del l’assetto defnitivo in risposta alle esigenze di utilizzo e) Palazzo Presidenziale la parola innesto suggerisce invece un salto qualitativo, un superamento, la 4 f) Palazzo dei congressi boulevard di Brasini si oppone, al centro della piazza, funzionale per le Balcaniadi del 1946, – «mancava creazione di un qualcosa di nuovo. Si tratta di una tecnica che permette di fondere un secondo tracciato che consuma il passaggio tra la quasi tutto, gli spogliatoi, il campo sportivo e persino General plan: before due piante al fne di formare un individuo più produttivo o dalle caratteristiche confgurazione urbana e la permeabilità paesaggistica le piste»8 – realizzando in calcestruzzo grezzo sia construction: dotted line: perimeter of the Arena più pregiate. Ora se assimiliamo questa antica consuetudine contadina alla della città-giardino sul quadrante sud-orientale. Un l’interno che l’esterno. Il terrapieno, realizzato da Kombëtare, Tirana 2016 © pratica compositiva non possiamo che dedurre che l’inserzione di un elemento Antonello Boschi, Andrea Bulleri percorso che si sviluppa dalla facciata dell’Opera del Bosio solo sul prospetto principale, non sarà mai apparentemente estraneo attuata in un complesso che è preesistente, possa Dopolavoro Albanese attraverso il porticato della completato lasciando la struttura e le scale a vista. a) Qemal Stafa stadium generare non solo qualcosa di inedito, ma qualcosa di migliore. b) Rector’s Building/ Archeological Museum Se poi aggiungiamo che alla tipologia dello stadio si sono sovrapposte in questi c) Polytechnic of Tirana 2 History* literary device . The use of a towards the Casa del the Opera del Dopolavoro uniformity followed specifc d) Academy of the Arts anni funzioni sempre più distanti dall’uso originario come il museo, le aree “The boulevard suggests the recognizable shape evokes Fascio. The building is in Albanese through the portico instructions of the regulatory (e) Presidential Palace 7 commerciali, alberghi e strutture per la ristorazione – un chiaro caso di ibridazione handle of the fasces, the large practices of composing a raised position and can of the Casa della Gioventù plan , on which work was f) Palaces of Congresses Rector’s building is its head easy-to-interpret fgures in join traditional references del Littorio Albanese5 and unfortunately halted in 1943, – ecco che il progetto che analizziamo a Tirana si propone come un unicum nel sticking above the axe, the Italian Rationalism, such as to Italian architecture, such then comes to its natural leaving behind a layout that opera theater is its back, and the famous fgure of a fencer as the ashlar cladding, and conclusion in the stadium’s was never truly completed. quale il passaggio dal lemma stadiumi a quello di arena non può essere certo the stadium [...] mimics the that Luigi Moretti used for the Albanian architecture, such as central stand. Within the Irfan Tërshana later defned casuale. Così, usando una terminologia da addetti ai lavori, sopra il “portainnesto” arc of the blade. [...] in the layout of the House of Arms a return to the kulla3 building relationship between the the fnal layout, responding capital’s center, there was a at the Foro Italico (1934– type. architectural “weight” of to the functional needs of the di una parte dello stadio originario si sovrappone il “nesto” della nuova arena. 1 kind of giant seal” . 1936), though, in truth, there The Empire Avenue, the the monumental travertine “Balcaniadi” games of 1946, Due culture, quella nativa albanese e quella italiana che ritorna, si fondono e, Along the Avenue of the was never a statement to southern extension of Brasini’s staircase and the exposed by building everything, inside Empire, in the center of clarify if this obvious similarity boulevard4 at the square’s concrete loggia, the different and outside, in rough concrete parafrasando Carducci, l’architettura opera l’innesto di una cultura straniera sul Littorio Square– present- was accidental or intentional. center, is in opposition to relationships between material — “almost everything was tronco italiano. day Nënë Tereza – Gherardo The square’s layout has a a second line that forms and volume suggests Hotel lacking: locker rooms, sports Bosio designed the symbolic kind of dual compositional the passage between the Dajti’s6 two-part facade. feld, and even the tracks”8 . A parte il teorema dell’innesto di una costruzione nel corpo di un’altra e il layout of Tirana, the organization: on one side urban confguration and Likewise, the ashlar cladding The embankment, which Bosio capital of the Italian fascist of Empire Avenue there is a the city-garden’s landscape used for the stand echoes had made only on the main corollario della sovrapposizione in architettura, la tipologia dello stadio sembra viceroyalty (1939–1943): a succession of facades along permeability in the south- the cladding of the Casa del facade, was never completed, fatta apposta per esaltarne le caratteristiche e dimostrare la bontà dell’assunto. giant urban seal outlined a dominant longitudinal eastern section. The line Fascio, with which it has a leaving the structure and the fasces, adopting a clever line, oriented in perspective starts from the facade of direct visual relationship. This stairs visible. Il progressivo, inevitabile rifacimento di queste strutture negli anni ci mostra 30 paesaggio urbano 4.2018 4.2018 paesaggio urbano 31 una lunga casistica che si ripete ciclicamente: Certo esistono modi più discreti di adagiare un a Monaco di Baviera, ma di aver saputo rimodernare una struttura dal passato Veduta dello stadio esistente, Ricostruzione del fronte e pensiamo all’unico stadio italiano ristrutturato Tirana 2016 velario
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