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Gender Equality Updategender No GENDER EQUALITY UPDATEGENDER NO. 12 Nepal FloodPage 1 EQUALITY Response 2017 UPDATE No. 12 Summary of key facts and figures, case studies, initiatives, Developed by UN Women in collaboration with the Ministry of progress, challenges, needs and opportunities related to gender Women, Children and Social Welfare (MOWCSW), Government of equality and social inclusion in the context of the Nepal flood Nepal, with collective inputs by the UNCT Gender Theme Group Task humanitarian response in 2017. Team on Inter-Cluster Gender in Humanitarian Action Contact: Dorendra Niraula, Under Secretary, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare (MOWCSW), [email protected]; Sama Shrestha, Unit Manager (Peace, Security and Humanitarian Action programme), UN Women Nepal, [email protected] with disabilities, pregnant and lactating women, adolescent girls, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex (LGBTI), senior citizens, children, caste and ethnicity-based minorities – are particularly impacted and in need of targeted support to ensure equitable access to and benefit from relief, services and information. Notably, opportunities to transform gender relations through the leadership and empowerment of women in their role as decision makers and economic actors are often missed elements of humanitarian response, despite the fact it is key to the response’s effectiveness and for the longer-term resilience of communities. According to analysis undertaken by UN Women based on the 2011 Population Census, out of the total estimated 1.07 million affected people in the ten most affected districts, Asha Devi Raya holds her 28-day-old baby daughter outside their flood-inundated home in in Portaha-2 541,102 are women and girls (50.4%). An of Bhardaha village in Saptari District in Nepal on 14 August 2017. Much of Nepal had experienced estimated 6,656 are women with disabilities incessant rainfall for three days since 11 August. This has caused large-scale inundation in the southern out of a total 10,736 persons with disabilities. parts of the country bordering India (the Terai) and a number of landslides in the Hill areas. Further, 18% of the affected households are © UNICEF Nepal/2017/NShrestha female headed, i.e. approx. 34,509 households. UNFPA further estimates that some 268,404 are women of reproductive age, of which around 21,000 are pregnant. The next three months OVERVIEW will likely see around 6,700 pregnant women experience complications requiring emergency Although the legal frameworks of Nepal largely Integrating gender equality, social inclusion obstetric care. support gender equality and social inclusion, approach is critical for effectiveness and various social norms and discriminatory accountability to affected populations. Women Anecdotal reports from the flood affected practices have a devastating impact on the and girls, and the most marginalised districts reveal that women and girls, including most vulnerable and marginalized populations and vulnerable groups– single women, the most marginalised and vulnerable groups when disaster strikes. female headed households, persons living are particularly impacted and in need of targeted support to ensure equitable access to and benefit from relief, services and The most vulnerable and marginalised population groups based on gender, information. The humanitarian flood response age, caste, ethnicity, marital status, sex of household head, mental and physical must ensure that the different situations, needs, disabilities, sexual orientation and gender identity, in the country have been risks, priorities and capacities of women, men, girls, boys and transgender populations across found to be disproportionally impacted before, during and after disasters due all diversities, and of those exposed to multiple to persistent gender inequalities, gender based discrimination and violence, vulnerabilities, are addressed when designing, which are often reinforced, perpetuated and exacerbated by disasters. planning, costing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating humanitarian response efforts. Page 2 GENDER EQUALITY UPDATE NO. 12 KEY NEEDS, RESPONSE AND EMERGING ISSUES: Needs and Emerging Issues: n Lack of electricity and shelter, or unsafe shelter, is reportedly exposing women and children, in particular single women, to additional protection risks. Women, children and the most vulnerable and marginalized, including single women, should be targeted for shelter support and other humanitarian assistance. Women displaced from floods in Rautahat district. n There is a significant information gap ©Oxfam Nepal on gendered impact from the floods including gendered risks, needs and capacities of affected and displaced enumerators, and provide adequate populations - across sex, age, disability, KEY MESSAGES: training and capacity strengthening sexual orientation, gender identity, including gender-sensitization. ethnicity/caste and other social n Ensure equitable access to relief, n Apply the IASC gender marker and diversities. services and information for affected the principles of gender responsive n Women and girls in the affected populations of all ages and diversities, and budgeting in the planning, programming districts are highly vulnerable to GBV, targeted support to the most marginalized and monitoring of humanitarian response child marriage, and trafficking. Groups in and vulnerable among affected related expenditures. this area, particularly Muslim women, have populations including women, girls, single n Ensure leadership and meaningful equal the highest birth rates and the highest women, female headed households, representation of women, as well as GESI unmet need for family planning in Nepal. pregnant and lactating women, as groups representing women and LGBTI These are factors which exacerbate their well as Dalit persons, LGBTI persons, groups, in the response efforts including vulnerabilities and must be taken into children, older persons and persons with in assessments, planning, management, account in response. disabilities. implementation, relief distribution and n Women, especially single women n Collect, analyse and use gender, age monitoring of humanitarian response and female headed households, are and disability disaggregated data in the activities. reportedly facing additional workload design, planning, implementation and n Assess whether specific response due to increased responsibilities for monitoring of all programmes, and ensure interventions or delivery mechanisms care work of elderly, children, sick and that programmes respond to identified might create an increased risk of differently abled members of their families gender and social gaps. Gender Based Violence for women and and communities. This is having negative n Ensure gender equality and social girls. Identify potential options to avoid implications on their mental and physical inclusion aspects are integrated into all or reduce GBV risks, plan and design health, as well as reducing their time needs assessments and inform response interventions accordingly. available for resting, income generation, and recovery planning. and accessing relief and recovery support n Establish effective and transparent n Ensure equitable communication complaint mechanisms for sexual and information. and consultations with all affected exploitation & abuse and ensure all affected n Cluster to use mapping of presence populations including the most vulnerable population of all genders, ages and of gender networks representing and marginalized of all genders, ages and diversities are aware of the mechanism. women and LGBTI persons engaged in diversities. Ensure equitable and safe access to relief, response efforts in affected districts to n Ensure gender balance in teams services and information for populations of engage them in assessments, planning, for distribution, mobilisers, trainers, all genders, ages and diversities. implementation and monitoring of GENDER EQUALITY UPDATE NO. 12 Page 3 Pregnant women in Rautahat receive dignity kits from UNFPA. ©UNFPA Nepal. response activities to better reach most genders, ages and diversities regarding 1) n Prevent risk of violence and growing vulnerable and marginalized groups. relief and services, including locations for tensions as basic needs are unmet and n Ensure clear communication distributions and 2) plans for temporary community protection measures are and consultations with all affected shelter options and shelter rehabilitation broken down, and be alert of negative populations including the most options before, during and after closures coping mechanisms (e.g. increased alcohol vulnerable and marginalized of all of flood shelters in schools. consumption) due to gendered aspects of Mapping of gender equality and social inclusion groups in post-traumaticflood response stress. Humla Darchula Bajhang Bajura Mugu Baitadi Jumla Dadeldhura Doti Kalikot Dolpa Rautahat Achham WHR Mustang MAG Udayapur Dhanusha Kanchanpur Dailekh Jajarkot Beyond Beijing WHR WHR Kailali Rukum Manang Commiee (BBC) FEDO MAG Surkhet Myagdi Federaon for Sexual and Gender Minories (FSGM/BDS) Baglung Bardiya Salyan Kaski Rolpa Lamjung Gorkha Parbat Rasuwa Kailali Pyuthan Banke Gulmi WHR Syangja Dang Tanahu Dhading Sindhupalchok MAG Arghakhanchi Nuwakot Bardiya Palpa Dolakha Saathi Kapilbastu Bhaktapur MAG Rupandehi Nawalparasi KATHMANDU Sankhuwasabha Taplejung Chitawan Lalitpur Ramechhap Solukhumbu FEDO Makawanpur Kavrepalanchok NDWA Okhaldhunga Parsa Sindhuli Banke Dang Bhojpur Terhathum Bara
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