DOCSLIB.ORG

NIH Technology Transfer Activites

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NIH Technology Transfer Activites ANNUAL REPORT FY 2016 NIH Technology Transfer Activities Contents Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Mission Statement .......................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 Inventions & Agreements ............................................................................................................... 5 IP-Related Agreements in Numbers ........................................................................................... 5 DHHS Agencies & NIH Institutes and Centers ................................................................................. 7 Institutional Highlights .................................................................................................................... 8 Fighting Infectious Diseases ........................................................................................................ 8 Combating Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychatric Disorders ............................................. 13 Race Against Rare Diseases ....................................................................................................... 14 Combating Cancer ..................................................................................................................... 17 Immune Function Disorders ..................................................................................................... 19 Health Technologies.................................................................................................................. 20 Collaborations ........................................................................................................................... 22 New Technology Transfer Strategies Move Science Forward .................................................. 24 Proactive Approaches to Facilitiate External Partnerships and Invention Commercialization .................................................................................................................... 26 Awards ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 31 2 MISSION STATEMENT The mission of Technology Transfer at National Institutes of Health (NIH) is to facilitate partnerships with a wide array of stakeholders, and effectively manage the inventions conceived by scientists working at the NIH, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In doing so, NIH Technology Transfer supports the larger NIH mission to enhance public health and safety, lengthen life, reduce illness and disability, and expand the worldwide biomedical knowledge base. Working on behalf of the NIH, the FDA and the CDC – all agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Technology Transfer offices1 across the NIH apply responsive, and sometimes creative approaches to meet the needs of all parties involved, operating with a goal of moving scientific research and discovery forward for the benefit of public health. Technology Transfer at NIH: • Protects U.S. intellectual property and the discoveries conceived by NIH, FDA and CDC intramural researchers. This includes working with researchers to determine if an invention warrants patent protection, overseeing the filing of Employee Invention Reports (EIRs), and coordinating the patenting filing and prosecution process. • Serves as a bridge through marketing and communications, connecting the inventive discoveries made by scientists in the NIH, FDA, and CDC research programs to commercial partners with the capability of developing these technologies into products and services to benefit public health. Without technology transfer, the full potential of these inventions would not be realized, and the public would not receive the full benefit of these biomedical discoveries. • Facilitates partnerships with outside parties to allow for joint collaboration. • Negotiates licenses and collaborative agreements such as Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAS) to ensure the timely development of federal technologies, that contribute to society by driving economic growth and productivity; These collaborations leverage the strengths of each institution to advance basic and clinical research objectives. • Monitors the development of these technologies to ensure commercialization milestones are reached, products are brought to the market, and royalty fees are paid. • Facilitates the transfer of thousands of research materials and data into and out of NIH. 1 Please see Appendix A for a list of all the HHS Technology Offices within the NIH that contributed towards this report. 3 INTRODUCTION In FY2016, the NIH Technology Transfer community completed the first full year of patent and license decentralization, with the NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) in control of patenting and licensing decisions, and the Office of Technology Transfer (OTT) serving a purely service and support function to the NIH Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), the FDA and the CDC. The DHHS Technology Transfer community has worked collaboratively to ensure a smooth transition of authority and process. In FY2016, the community reported 320 new invention disclosures and 285 executed licenses, both increases over FY2015. We are thrilled that our community is successfully settling into this new environment. Our community completed a significant amount of work in FY2016. The OTT worked diligently on IT systems in support of the community and made available to the TTOs TechTracS, the system of record for all patent and license data and information, and the OTT SharePoint site, which aids the community with transfer and management of vital documents and information. This was no small feat, as the design and build of these systems was for single-office use and access. System design and security enhancements were required to ensure appropriate system access and data stability. By the close of FY2016, there were 175 TechTracS users and 225 SharePoint site users from the community, with access points from across the country. Additionally, OTT staff scanned into electronic format, more than 1.8 million paper documents for TTO availability in the TechTracS system. These information systems are aging and not dynamic. For this reason, our Technology Transfer community worked diligently with OTT to complete a “Fit-Gap Analysis” of the community’s technology transfer agreement needs (for all types of agreements). The information provided by the community in the Fit-Gap Analysis was included in a jointly submitted proposal to the NIH Capital Investment Fund to request funding for a new, trans-NIH enterprise technology transfer system. We look forward to working on requirements for this new IT system in FY2017. In FY2017, the FDA will assume responsibility for its own technology transfer services (patenting, licensing, royalties administration, monitoring and enforcement of agreements, marketing, patent docketing, etc.) through its Technology Transfer Office. The OTT and our Technology Transfer community have begun collaborating closely with our FDA colleagues to ensure a smooth transition of data and support services; our communities welcome the opportunity to working closely in support of DHHS goals and missions. Our technology transfer professionals promoted the development and commercialization of many notable scientific advancements in FY2016. This report reflects the accomplishment of technology transfer at the NIH, FDA and CDC, and demonstrates the community’s commitment to meeting the changing needs of our stakeholders and facilitating the collaboration and the commercialization of NIH scientific discoveries. 4 INVENTIONS & AGREEMENTS The Technology Transfer Program at the National Institutes of Health is the focal point for implementation of the Federal Technology Transfer Act. Technology licensing specialists in the NIH Institutes and Centers license patented inventions to pharmaceutical, medical device and biotechnology companies in order to stimulate development of technologies into commercial products. These licensing specialists also transfer materials to non-profit research institutions and license for a fee to commercial entities unpatented research tools to increase their availability to the scientific community. These activities support the NIH’s mission to benefit the public health and to provide a financial return on public investment. In addition, the Technology Transfer Program negotiates terms for research collaborations between NIH and commercial and academic organizations. These collaborations leverage the strengths of each institution to advance basic and clinical research objectives. Technology Transfer also facilitates the transfer of thousands of research materials and data into and out of NIH. In FY16, NIH Institutes executed 8,323 of these collaboration and transfer agreements, including 115 new Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs). CRADAs are an important mechanism used by NIH for many of the collaborations with industry. The new CRADAs combined with those active
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Challenges and Approaches for the Development of Safer Immunomodulatory Biologics
    REVIEWS Challenges and approaches for the development of safer immunomodulatory biologics Jean G. Sathish1*, Swaminathan Sethu1*, Marie-Christine Bielsky2, Lolke de Haan3, Neil S. French1, Karthik Govindappa1, James Green4, Christopher E. M. Griffiths5, Stephen Holgate6, David Jones2, Ian Kimber7, Jonathan Moggs8, Dean J. Naisbitt1, Munir Pirmohamed1, Gabriele Reichmann9, Jennifer Sims10, Meena Subramanyam11, Marque D. Todd12, Jan Willem Van Der Laan13, Richard J. Weaver14 and B. Kevin Park1 Abstract | Immunomodulatory biologics, which render their therapeutic effects by modulating or harnessing immune responses, have proven their therapeutic utility in several complex conditions including cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, unwanted adverse reactions — including serious infections, malignancy, cytokine release syndrome, anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity as well as immunogenicity — pose a challenge to the development of new (and safer) immunomodulatory biologics. In this article, we assess the safety issues associated with immunomodulatory biologics and discuss the current approaches for predicting and mitigating adverse reactions associated with their use. We also outline how these approaches can inform the development of safer immunomodulatory biologics. Immunomodulatory Biologics currently represent more than 30% of licensed The high specificity of the interactions of immu- biologics pharmaceutical products and have expanded the thera- nomodulatory biologics with their relevant immune Biotechnology-derived peutic options available
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Bio-Oligomers as Antibacterial Agents and Strategies for Bacterial Detection Jagath C. Kasturiarachchi Ph.D. The University of Edinburgh College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine 2014 i Declaration This thesis represents my own work. All of the experiments described herein were performed by me. I received technical assistance to perform flow cytometry and confocal analysis as declared in the acknowledgements. All chemical .entities were synthesised by the Department of Chemistry at University of Edinburgh. …………………………………………. J C Kasturiarachchi ii Acknowledgements I am very grateful to Dr Kev Dhaliwal, Professor Mark Bradley and Professor Chris Haslett for their supervision and support. I would like to thank Dr Jeff Walton and Dr Nicos Avlonitis designing and synthesis of peptoid library. I would like to thank Dr Nicos Avlonitis, Dr Marc Vendrell and Miss Alize Marangoz for their support for the synthesis of peptide probes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuremberg Code Subverts Human Health and Safety by Requiring Animal Modeling
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title The Nuremberg Code subverts human health and safety by requiring animal modeling Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2947x3sq Journal BMC Medical Ethics, 13(1) ISSN 1472-6939 Authors Greek, Ray Pippus, Annalea Hansen, Lawrence A Publication Date 2012-07-08 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-13-16 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Greek et al. BMC Medical Ethics 2012, 13:16 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/13/16 DEBATE Open Access The Nuremberg Code subverts human health and safety by requiring animal modeling Ray Greek1*, Annalea Pippus1 and Lawrence A Hansen2 Abstract Background: The requirement that animals be used in research and testing in order to protect humans was formalized in the Nuremberg Code and subsequent national and international laws, codes, and declarations. Discussion: We review the history of these requirements and contrast what was known via science about animal models then with what is known now. We further analyze the predictive value of animal models when used as test subjects for human response to drugs and disease. We explore the use of animals for models in toxicity testing as an example of the problem with using animal models. Summary: We conclude that the requirements for animal testing found in the Nuremberg Code were based on scientifically outdated principles, compromised by people with a vested interest in animal experimentation, serve no useful function, increase the cost of drug development, and prevent otherwise safe and efficacious drugs and therapies from being implemented.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the Gnrh Analogs in the Form of Solution and Zn2+-Suspension After Single Subcutaneous Injection in Female Rats
    Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet (2017) 42:251–259 DOI 10.1007/s13318-016-0342-5 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the GnRH Analogs in the Form of Solution and Zn2+-Suspension After Single Subcutaneous Injection in Female Rats 1 2 3 Aleksandra Suszka-S´witek • Florian Ryszka • Barbara Dolin´ska • 4 5 1 1 Renata Dec • Alojzy Danch • Łukasz Filipczyk • Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz Published online: 14 May 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and 17b-estradiol in the Background and Objectives Although many synthetic serum was measured by radioimmunological method. gonadoliberin analogs have been developed, only a few of Results The Extent of Biological Availability (EBA), calcu- them, including buserelin, were introduced into clinical lated on the base of AUC0-?, showed that in the form of practice. Dalarelin, which differs from buserelin by just solution buserelin and dalarelin display, respectively, only 13 one aminoacid in the position 6 (D-Ala), is not widely used and 8 % of biological availability of their suspension coun- so far. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs terparts. Comparing both analogs, the EBA of dalarelin was are used to treat many different illnesses and are available half (53 %) that of buserelin delivered in the form of solution in different forms like solution for injection, nasal spray, and 83 % when they were delivered in the form of suspension. microspheres, etc. Unfortunately, none of the above drug The injection of buserelin or dalarelin, in the form of solution formulations can release the hormones for 24 h.
    [Show full text]
  • Half 1 3:50PM — 4:50PM in Vivo and in Vitro Activities of Auranofin Against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
    Half 1 3:50PM — 4:50PM In vivo and in vitro activities of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci 1 1 1 Nader S. Abutaleb ,​ Marwa Alhashimi ​ , Ahmed Elkashif ​ , and Mohamed N. ​ ​ ​ Seleem1 ​ 1 Department​ of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, WL, IN, 47905, US Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are the second-most common cause of nosocomial infections causing more than 5% of all deaths attributed to antibiotic-resistant infections in USA. VRE acquired resistance to all antibiotics used for treatment, severely limiting the number of available effective therapeutic options. Consequently, novel antimicrobials are urgently needed. However, new antimicrobials are becoming difficult to develop. Repurposing FDA-approved drugs, with well-characterized toxicology and pharmacology, to find new applications outside the scope of their original medical indication is a novel way to reduce time and cost associated with antimicrobial innovation. In an intensive search for antimicrobial activity among FDA approved drugs, we identified auranofin as a potent drug against VRE. It demonstrated a potent activity against 30 clinical drug-resistant VRE isolates with MIC90(1μg/mL) Additionally, no enterococci resistant mutants could be developed against auranofin after 14 passages. It also, inhibited highly resistant stationary phase cells, biofilm formation on urinary catheters, protease, lipase and haemagglutinins production at sub-inhibitory concentrations. The promising features and the potent antimicrobial activity of auranofin prompted us to evaluate its in vivo efficacy against drug-of-choice, linezolid, in our established lethal VRE septicemia mouse model. Both drugs protected 100% of mice against a lethal VRE dose. However, auranofin was superior to linezolid in reducing the bacterial load in internal organs (liver, kidney and spleen).
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring Ligand Efficacy at the Mu- Opioid Receptor Using A
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Measuring ligand efficacy at the mu- opioid receptor using a conformational biosensor Kathryn E Livingston1,2, Jacob P Mahoney1,2, Aashish Manglik3, Roger K Sunahara4, John R Traynor1,2* 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States; 2Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States; 4Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, United States Abstract The intrinsic efficacy of orthosteric ligands acting at G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) reflects their ability to stabilize active receptor states (R*) and is a major determinant of their physiological effects. Here, we present a direct way to quantify the efficacy of ligands by measuring the binding of a R*-specific biosensor to purified receptor employing interferometry. As an example, we use the mu-opioid receptor (m-OR), a prototypic class A GPCR, and its active state sensor, nanobody-39 (Nb39). We demonstrate that ligands vary in their ability to recruit Nb39 to m- OR and describe methadone, loperamide, and PZM21 as ligands that support unique R* conformation(s) of m-OR. We further show that positive allosteric modulators of m-OR promote formation of R* in addition to enhancing promotion by orthosteric agonists. Finally, we demonstrate that the technique can be utilized with heterotrimeric G protein. The method is cell- free, signal transduction-independent and is generally applicable to GPCRs. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32499.001 *For correspondence: [email protected] Competing interests: The authors declare that no Introduction competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]
  • IL15RA and SMAD3 Genetic Variants Predict Overall Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with FOLFIRI Therapy: a New Paradigm
    cancers Article IL15RA and SMAD3 Genetic Variants Predict Overall Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with FOLFIRI Therapy: A New Paradigm Elena De Mattia 1 , Jerry Polesel 2 , Rossana Roncato 1 , Adrien Labriet 3, Alessia Bignucolo 1 , Sara Gagno 1, Angela Buonadonna 4, Mario D’Andrea 5, Eric Lévesque 6, Derek Jonker 7,Félix Couture 6, Chantal Guillemette 3 , Erika Cecchin 1,* and Giuseppe Toffoli 1 1 Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; [email protected] (E.D.M.); [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (G.T.) 2 Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; [email protected] 3 Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (C.G.) 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; [email protected] 5 Medical Oncology Unit, “San Filippo Neri Hospital”, Via Giovanni Martinotti, 20, 00135 Rome, Italy; Citation: De Mattia, E.; Polesel, J.; [email protected] 6 CHU de Québec Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Roncato, R.; Labriet, A.; Bignucolo, [email protected] (E.L.); [email protected] (F.C.) A.; Gagno, S.; Buonadonna, A.; 7 Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, D’Andrea, M.; Lévesque, E.; Jonker, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; [email protected] D.; et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Ion Channels
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1442g5hg Journal British journal of pharmacology, 176 Suppl 1(S1) ISSN 0007-1188 Authors Alexander, Stephen PH Mathie, Alistair Peters, John A et al. Publication Date 2019-12-01 DOI 10.1111/bph.14749 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels. British Journal of Pharmacology (2019) 176, S142–S228 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels Stephen PH Alexander1 , Alistair Mathie2 ,JohnAPeters3 , Emma L Veale2 , Jörg Striessnig4 , Eamonn Kelly5, Jane F Armstrong6 , Elena Faccenda6 ,SimonDHarding6 ,AdamJPawson6 , Joanna L Sharman6 , Christopher Southan6 , Jamie A Davies6 and CGTP Collaborators 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK 2Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK 3Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK 4Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 5School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK 6Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties.
    [Show full text]
  • IL-15 Superagonist Expands Mcd8+ T, NK and NKT Cells After Burn
    RESEARCH ARTICLE IL-15 Superagonist Expands mCD8+T, NK and NKT Cells after Burn Injury but Fails to Improve Outcome during Burn Wound Infection Naeem K. Patil1, Liming Luan1, Julia K. Bohannon1, Yin Guo2, Antonio Hernandez1, Benjamin Fensterheim2, Edward R. Sherwood1,2* 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America, 2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Background Citation: Patil NK, Luan L, Bohannon JK, Guo Y, Severely burned patients are highly susceptible to opportunistic infections and sepsis, Hernandez A, Fensterheim B, et al. (2016) IL-15 Superagonist Expands mCD8+T, NK and NKT Cells owing to the loss of the protective skin barrier and immunological dysfunction. Interleukin- after Burn Injury but Fails to Improve Outcome during 15 (IL-15) belongs to the IL-2 family of common gamma chain cytokines and stimulates the Burn Wound Infection. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0148452. proliferation and activation of T (specifically memory CD8), NK and NKT cells. It has been doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148452 shown to preserve T cell function and improve survival during cecal ligation and puncture Editor: Fabrizio Mattei, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice. However, the therapeutic efficacy of IL-15 or IL-15 superago- ITALY nist (SA) during infection after burn injury has not been evaluated. Moreover, very few, if Received: November 8, 2015 any, studies have examined, in detail, the effect of burn injury and infection on the adaptive Accepted: January 18, 2016 immune system.
    [Show full text]
  • Hormonal Regulation of the Class B Scavenger Receptors CD36 and SR-BI, in the Rat Liver
    Hormonal Regulation of the Class B Scavenger Receptors CD36 and SR-BI, in the Rat Liver By Rebecca Lee Fitzsimmons THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY THE SCHOOL OF MOLECULAR AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE A dissertation submitted to the University of Adelaide For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science July 2010 i Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Scope and Context CD36 is a molecule with many potential functions (see below). However, the one that has attracted interest recently is its role as a fatty acid translocase (FAT) that is involved in uptake of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) by striated muscle, cardiac muscle and adipose tissue (Brinkmann et al., 2002, Koonen et al., 2005). The molecule is, therefore, often referred to as FAT or FAT/CD36. However, this should not be taken to imply that the sole hepatic function of CD36 is transport of fatty acids – an important qualification, because of all organs that express the molecule, its function is least understood in the liver. Indeed, hepatic expression of CD36 was discovered only recently in this laboratory, following a chance observation on female rats (Zhang et al., 2003). The male Sprague Dawley rat is a standard model for lipid metabolism and surveys of tissue expression of CD36 had failed to detect significant levels of transcripts in the liver (Abumrad et al., 1993). The starting point of this project was the observation that across a number of rat strains, there is an almost qualitative difference in expression of CD36 between females and males (Zhang et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • 4/3/2017 1 Sepsis and Antimicrobial Stewardship
    4/3/2017 INCREASING INCIDENCE OF SEPSIS • Aging population SEPSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL • More comorbidities • Better recognition STEWARDSHIP • Reimbursement‐favorable coding LYNDA BRITTON, PH.D., MLS(ASCP)CM, SM • Immunosuppression PROFESSOR OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE • Invasive procedures • Spread of multi‐drug‐resistant pathogens HOW SEPSIS PATIENTS ENTER HEALTHCARE OBJECTIVES PATHWAYS 1.Describe the signs and symptoms of sepsis. • 70% enter through ED 2.Discuss laboratory tests that will help diagnose sepsis and • Majority of deaths monitor treatment. • Do not present with severe form 3.Identify the role of the laboratory in detecting • 25% become septic in ICU antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship. • 7.6% ↑ mortality for each hour of delayed antimicrobials SEPSIS SEPSIS • >2 million hospitalizations • 500,000 treated in US Eds • Response to infection causes organ dysfunction • 45% ICU admissions • Septic shock—tissue hypoperfusion with • 3rd leading cause of death, morbidity, and vasopressor‐requiring hypotension and elevated expense lactate levels • ~ $20,000 dollars cost per case • 1/3‐1/2 of deaths of hospitalized patients • Complicated clinical challenge • ~ 5% of healthcare > 20 billion $ • Early recognition and management of infection, • > 8 times as likely to die in hospital hemodynamic issues, and other organ dysfunctions • Prompt recognition and early treatment 1 4/3/2017 NEW DEFINITIONS ALIGNED WITH CLINICAL USE • Infection: Routine infection without organ dysfunction • Sepsis: progresses to organ dysfunction
    [Show full text]
  • Current Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy
    biomedicines Review Current Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy Ivan Y. Filin 1 , Valeriya V. Solovyeva 1 , Kristina V. Kitaeva 1, Catrin S. Rutland 2 and Albert A. Rizvanov 1,3,* 1 Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; [email protected] (I.Y.F.); [email protected] (V.V.S.); [email protected] (K.V.K.) 2 Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK; [email protected] 3 Republic Clinical Hospital, 420064 Kazan, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-905-316-7599 Received: 9 November 2020; Accepted: 16 December 2020; Published: 17 December 2020 Abstract: The search for an effective drug to treat oncological diseases, which have become the main scourge of mankind, has generated a lot of methods for studying this affliction. It has also become a serious challenge for scientists and clinicians who have needed to invent new ways of overcoming the problems encountered during treatments, and have also made important discoveries pertaining to fundamental issues relating to the emergence and development of malignant neoplasms. Understanding the basics of the human immune system interactions with tumor cells has enabled new cancer immunotherapy strategies. The initial successes observed in immunotherapy led to new methods of treating cancer and attracted the attention of the scientific and clinical communities due to the prospects of these methods. Nevertheless, there are still many problems that prevent immunotherapy from calling itself an effective drug in the fight against malignant neoplasms. This review examines the current state of affairs for each immunotherapy method, the effectiveness of the strategies under study, as well as possible ways to overcome the problems that have arisen and increase their therapeutic potentials.
    [Show full text]