Gender Diffrences in the Movie “Taken 2”

GENDER DIFFRENCES IN THE MOVIE “TAKEN 2”

A THESIS

ENDA FITRIA SEMBIRING

REG. NO. 140705003

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE MOVIE “TAKEN 2”

A THESIS

ENDA FITRIA SEMBIRING

REG. NO. 140705003

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dra. Roma Ayuni A Loebis MA Ely Hayati Nasution, S.S, M.Si NIP. 196801221998032001 NIP. 198507032017062001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra

Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A.,Ph.D Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D NIP. 19540916 198003 2 003 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of

Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural

Studies University of Sumatera Utara on January 16, 2019

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001

Board of Examiners

Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. ______

Dra. Roma Ayuni A Loebis, MA ______

Dr. Drs Ridwan Hanafiah, SH., MA ______

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, ENDA FITRIA SEMBIRING DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date : January 16, 2019

v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : ENDA FITRIA SEMBIRING

TITLE OF THESIS : GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE MOVIE “TAKEN 2”

QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : January 16, 2019

vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT for giving me strong soul and everything I need during finishing this thesis. I would like to thank to the

Dean of theFaculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.Si, the Head of

Department of English, Prof. TengkuSilvanaSinar, M,A., Ph.D, and the Secretary of Department of English, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti,M.A.,Ph.D for providing all the facilities and helping me to complete this thesis.

I would like to give honor and thank to my supervisor, Dra. Roma Ayuni

A Loebis, M.A. and my Co- supervisor Ely HayatiNasution,S.S., M.Si, for the willingness to give me guidance and improvement in finishing my thesis; for their suggestion, advice, time and patience in making correcion to this thesis.

Special thanks I give to my greatest parents, my sister and brother, for all prays, support, and loves to me. The sweet thanks to my beloved friend firstly

Muhammad RizkySyahputra, Devi Septiani, Khairani, Muhammad Fahrizal who always care, help, and support me every time, for having great time together.

Thank you for the nice friendship during our study, I will be missing you all.

Special thank also to my friend Noni Fitriani, DewiAyuniBarus, Yulia Nanda

Putri, MusviraZulfa, and KarimaUtama.

vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA As the writer I would like to admit that this thesis is still far from being perfect. I hope this thesis can be useful to everyone.

Medan, Januari 2019

Enda Fitria Sembiring

Reg. No. 140705003

viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “Gender differences in the movie Taken 2”. The objectives of this study are to know the types of language differences between man and woman found in the movie “Taken 2”, and to describe how language differences represent gender differences. This thesis was qualitative descriptive research. The source of data was the printed transcript of the movie “Taken 2”. The theories used in this thesis are theories proposed by XiuFang(2013) and Lakof(1975). The result of the research found that the types of language differences represent gender differences. The types of language differences describing gender differences include vocabularies, syntax, and choosing topics. From the seven tracts which are taken to be the data on this study, the researcher found that most of women‟s expressions are made up of adjectives and adverbs represented on character‟s dialogues along the movie. Meanwhile,in case of choosing the topics, women are more concerned with home, family, education, and other domestic activities and affairs. Keywords: gender differences, movie, woman

ix UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul "Perbedaan gender dalam filmTaken 2". Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis perbedaan bahasa antara pria dan wanita yang digunakan dalam film tersebut dan untuk menggambarkan bagaimana perbedaan bahasa mewakili perbedaan gender. Tesis ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data adalah transkrip film "Taken 2". Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori yang diajukan oleh XiuFang (2013) dan Lakof (1975). Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa perbedaan penggunaan bahasa dapat menggambarkan perbedaan jenis kelamin. Perbedaan tersebut meliputi kosa kata, sintaksis, dan pemilihan topik. Dari tujuh risalah yang diambil sebagai data pada penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan bahwa sebagian besar ekspresi wanita terdiri dari kata sifat dan kata keterangan yang digunakan dalam dialog karakter pada film tersebut. Sedangkan dalam hal pemilihan topik,wanita cenderung lebih peduli dengan urusan rumah, keluarga, pendidikan, dan kegiatan domestik lainnya.

Kata kunci: perbedaan gender, film, wanita

x UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... vii

ABSTRACT ...... ix

ABSTRAK ...... x

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... xi

CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ...... 1

1.2 Problems of the Study ...... 5

1.3 Objectives of the Study ...... 5

1.4 Scope of the Study ...... 5

1.5 Significances of the Study ...... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 7

2.1 Male-Female Differences in Using Language ...... 7

2.2 Film ...... 15

2.3 Gender Differences ...... 17

2.4 Relevant Studies ...... 19

CHAPTER I11 METHOD OF RESEARCH ...... 22

3.1 Research Design ...... 22

3.2 Data and Source of Data ...... 22

3.3 Data Collecting Procedures ...... 22

3.4 Data Analysis Technique ...... 23

xi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ...... 26

4.1 Analysis ...... 26

4.1.1 Language Differences in Vocabularies ...... 26

4.1.2 Language Differences in Syntax ...... 31

4.1.3 Differences in Choosing Topics ...... 34

4.2 Finding ...... 38

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 41

5.1 Conclusion ...... 41

5.2 Suggestion ...... 42

REFERENCES ...... 59

APPENDIXES

xii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Discourse analysis is a rapidly growing and evolving field. Current research field now flows from numerous academic disciplines that are very different from one another. Included, of course, are the disciplines in which models for understanding and methods for analysing. Discourse was first developed, such as linguistics, anthropology, philosophy, and others.

Given this disciplinary diversity, it is not surprised that the term

“discours” and “discourse analysis” have different meanings to scholars in different fields. For many, particularly linguists, “discours” has generally been defined as anything “beyond the sentence.” For others, the study of discourse is the study of language use. This definition has in common a focus on specific instances or spates of language. But critical theorists and those influenced by them can speak, for example, of “discourse of power” and “discourse of racism”, where the term” discours” not only becomes a countable noun, but further refers to a broad conglomeration of linguistic and non-linguistics practices and ideological assumptions that together construct power or racism.

Gender has been widely discussed by many experts. Lippa (2002) says that gender refers to the psychological and social manifestations of being male or female, i.e. the socially defined, learned, constructed accoutrements of sex, such as hairstyle, dress, nonverbal mannerisms, and interests. Gender, therefore, focuses on the social construct regarding the behavioural, cultural, or

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA psychological traits with one sex. It concentrates on the roles, responsibilities, expectations, and aptitude of men and women that are learned, and modified as a result of the interaction.

There are two views regarding gender the essentialist and the social constructionist. The essentialist views gender as that with which the humanisborn, being part of our genetic make-up. The roles of male and female are therefore distinct identities and shaping behaviour. However, this view might be somewhat limited since it does not account for the masculine and feminine attributes inherent in people. The social constructionist upholds the idea that psychological conditioning early in life leads to who we are and becomes a result of the social interactions.

Lakoff (1975: 4) says that social interaction is a cycle that begins with the unequal role of women and men in society, resulting in differential gender socialization by which girls learn to use a “nonforceful style” because unassertiveness is a social norm of womanhood, given men‟s role in establishing norms. The use of “women‟s language,” in turn, denies women access to power, and reinforces social inequality.

Lakoff(1975:10–18)identified the linguistic forms by which “women‟s language” weakens or mitigates the force of an utterance: “weaker” expletives

(oh, dear versus damn); “trivi- alizing” adjectives (divine versus great); tag questions used to express speakers‟ opinions (The way prices are rising is horrendous, isn’t it?)rising intonation in declaratives (as seen in the second part of

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the sequence, “What’s for dinner?” “Roast beef?”); and mitigated requests

(Would you please close the door? versus Close the door.

Lakoff‟s observations provided a starting point from which to explore the complexity of the relationship between gender and discourse. In one frequently cited follow-up study, O‟Barr and Atkins (1980) examined features of “women‟s language” in courtroom discourse and found that the features Lakoff identified are related to the status (social class, occupation, and experience as a witness) rather than the sex of the speaker. They suggested that women use this style more than men in everyday interaction because they are more likely to be in lower-status positions. In addition, XiuFangXia (2013) found that woman and man language can be marked in some ways, they are vocabularies, syntax, and in choosing topics, included in a movie script, for example „Taken 2‟.

This movie opens with touching scenes between ex- CIA man Bryan Mills and his ex-wife Lenore.Lenore's new husband has proven to be a no-good rat, and some energy flows between her and Bryan, the father of their daughter, Kim.

Mills has been hired to be a sheik's bodyguard in Istanbul; when he wraps the job, he invites Kim and Lenore to join him for some rest and recuperation in Istanbul.I chose this film because this film can show gender differences. Not only had professional cinematography but great action, suspense and originality, and then so many viewers watching" Taken 2" for the time. The story shows many forms of communication between the characters. The story example shows the gender differences as seen in the following example:

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 44 00:06:43,520 -- 00:06:51,592

Bryan:But are you okay?

Lenore: No.

Not really.

The dialog shows that Lenore chooses to use the adverb “really” intending of “no” to emphasize her answeron her expression though it can be changed with the other words. This is to say that women tend to use adverb in their expression to show their gentility.Syntactically, it is also assumed that women often take what others think into consideration. She usually leaves a decision open rather than imposes her own idea or claims others, as seen in the following:

25 00:05:40,423 -- 00:05:45,626

Lenore: I have no idea.

You know how kids are.

Bryan :Mmm-hmm

Lenore‟s expression in the dialog above shows the idea that women leave the decision open by saying “You know how kids are”. Lenore says it to Bryan, her ex-husband who is coming for Kim, their daughter who is living with Lenore, her mother. This dialog shows us the gender differences in using the language.

These two examples show that language differences can show gender differences.

It certainly becomes an interesting study to be discussed. Therefore, this research

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA aims to analyse the features of language differences between man and woman in the movie entitle “Taken 2”.

1.2 Problems of the Study

Based on the background of the study explained, the problem of the study can be formulated asfollows:

1. What are the types of language differences between man and woman

found in themovie “Taken 2”?

2. How do those language differences represent gender differences?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To indicate the types of language differences between man and woman

found in the movie “Taken 2”.

2. To describe how those language differences represent gender differences.

1.4 Scope of the Study

This research focuses on analysing language differences between man and woman and describing how those features represent gender differences in the movie entitling “Taken 2” by applying 7(seven)language differencesbetween man and woman proposed by Xiufang (2013), but this research only limits to (three) differences, they are vocabularies,syntax,and choosing topics.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.5 Significances of the Study

This study is expected to give contributions, both theoretically and practically.

a. Theoretical significance

This study is expected to enrich the readers‟ knowledge about the

features of language between man and woman which will help them to

identify any studies related to gender differences from linguistics

perspectives.

b. Practical significance

This study is expected to be a worth reference for other researchers

who want to conduct the similar topics

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Male-Female Differences in Using Language

Xiufang (2013) in journal entitle Gender Differences in Using Language,

Language reflects, records, and transmits social differences, so it is not surprised to find reflections of gender differences in language, for most societies differentiate between men and women in various marked ways. a. Differences in Pronunciation

Phonological differences between the speech of men and women have been noted in a variety of languages. Usually women‟s pronunciation is better than men‟s, such as the pronunciation of “-ing”. Shuy (1969) made a study in this field, and he found that 62.2% of men pronounced “-ing” in a wrong way, but only 28.9% of women did pronounce right. This can also be shown in the learning of the second language. Usually female students have better pronunciation than male students, and that can explain the reason why more girls choose to learn language as their major than boys. Generally speaking, girls exhibit a better ability in language. b. Differences in Intonation

Women often like to speak in a high-pitch voice because of physiological reason, but scientists point out that this also associates with women‟s “timidity” and “emotional instability”. Besides the high-pitch voice, women prefer to use

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA reverse accent as well. Example: Husband: When will dinner be ready? Wife:

Around six o‟clock. The wife is the only one who knows the answer, but she answers her husband with a high-rise tone, which has the meaning “will that do”.

This kind of intonation suggests women‟s gentility and docility. The husband will surely feel his wife‟s respect.

Lakoff (1975) says that women usually answer a question with rising intonation pattern rather than falling intonation. In this way, they can show their gentleness, and sometimes this intonation shows a lack of confidence. As a contrary, men like to use falling intonation to show that they are quite sure of what they are saying. Falling intonation also shows men‟s confidence and sometimes power. c. Differences in Vocabulary

It can be noticed that men and women tend to choose different words to show their feelings. For example, when a woman is frightened, she usually shouts out, “I am frightened to death”! If you hear a man says this, you‟ll think he is a coward and womanish. The differences in vocabulary can be shown in the following five aspects:

1. Color Words

There is special feminine vocabulary in English that men may not, dare not or will not use. Women are good at using colour words borrowed from French to describe things, such as mauve, lavender aquamarine, azure and magenta, etc, but most men do not use them.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. Adjectives

In everyday life, women like to use many adjective, such as adorable, charming, lovely, fantastic, heavenly, but men seldom use them. When a woman leaves a restaurant, she will say “It‟s a gorgeous meal”. If a man wants to express the same idea, he may only say, “It‟s a good meal.” Using more adjectives to describe things and their feelings can show that women are more sensitive to the environment and more likely to express their emotions with words, which makes women‟s language more interesting than men‟s sometimes.

3. Adverbs

There are also differences in the use of adverbs between men and women.

Women tend to use such adverbs like awfully, pretty, terribly, vastly, quiet, so; men like to use very, utterly, really. In 1992, Jespersen found that women use more so than men do, such as, “It was so interesting” is often uttered by a woman.

4. Swear words and Expletives

Maybe because women are gentle and docile, they usually avoid using swear words and dirty words. They believe that these kinds of words will not only make others uncomfortable and give an impression of “no civilization”, but also destroy the relationship between her and others. Women always pay more attention to the grace of themselves and their use of language.

It is often heard that women utter such words like “damn, fuck you, hell,” instead they use “oh, dear, my god” to express their feelings. Let us examine the following examples: Woman: Dear me! Do you always get up so late? It‟s one

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA o‟clock! Man: Shit! The train is late again! We can often here similar ways of expressing shock in everyday life. Men tend to use more swear words than men.

Women pay more attention to their manners and politeness of using language.

5. Diminutives

Women like to use words that have the meaning of “small”, such as bookie, hanky, panties. They also like to use words that show affections, such as dearie, sweetie. If a man often uses these words, people will think that he may have psychological problem or he is not manly. Furthermore, women like to use words that show politeness, such as please, thanks, and they use more euphemism, but “slang” is considered to be men‟s preference. From the study it can be seen that men and women have their own vocabulary choices in achieving emphatic effects. Though in the area of vocabulary, many of the studies have focused on

English, it cannot be denied that sex differences in word choice exist in various other languages. People need to learn to make these distinctions in their childhood.

6. Pronouns

Women prefer to use first person plural pronouns when they suggest something, even when she suggests the other person, while men tend to use first person singular pronoun, and when he is suggesting the other person, he will directly use the second person pronoun. Example: Women: We need to be in a hurry. Men: You need to be quick.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA d. Difference in Syntax

Though there are no specific rules that govern different gender to use different grammar, these differences can be observed in almost every language.

1. Modulation

When a woman talks, she often takes what others think into consideration.

She usually leaves a decision open rather than imposes her own ideas or claims on others. It is often heard a woman say “well, you know…, I think…, I suppose…. kind of, maybe I am wrong but…, etc. When they want to get help from others, men and women express in different ways as the following: Women: I was wondering if you can help me. Men: please give me a hand. From the above example we can see men tend to ask something directly, while women tend to be politer.

2. Interrogative Sentences

Women use more interrogative sentences than men do. Women look interrogative sentences as a strategy of continuing a good conversation. Lakoff

(1975) pointed out that compared with men, women are more likely to use an interrogative sentence to express their idea, and they like to use tag questions, because tag questions can make the tone less tense. Fishman (1980) collected many couples‟ conversation tapes, and he found that women used three times of tag questions as men did. In these conversations, they were 370 interrogative sentences, among which women used 263, almost two and a half of times of men did.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA This point is similar to the difference in intonation between men and women. Just as Lakoff (1975) said that women might answer a question with rising tone, while men like to use falling tone to make a firm statement.

According to Lakoff (1975), women tent to do this because they are less sure about themselves and their opinions than men. The different use of language also shows that women are more likely to be short of confidence. From another aspect, we can say that women are politer and more considerate than men.

3. Imperative Sentences

A study observed a group of boys and girls on one street in Philadelphia, and the study found that the imperative sentences that the boys and girls use were different. The boys used a lot of imperative sentences but the girls used more

“let‟s patterns”. Example:

Boy: Give me an apple!

Girl: Would you give me an apple?

Boy: It’s time to go.

Girl: Let’s go.

The research also found that girls prefer to use sentences with modal verbs, such as can, could, may. But they seldom use imperative sentences to give orders. To reduce the imperative tone, they use more adverbs like maybe, perhaps, probably.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Correctness of Grammar

Women pay more attention to the correctness of syntax. While expressing her thoughts, she would make her utterance clear by using precise grammar.

Example:

Woman: We are going to go to the park today.

Men: We are gonna to the park today. e. Differences in Attitudes toward Language

Women pay more attention to using standard language than men do, so they are stricter with the rules of the use of language. Example:

Man: Are you comin‟?

Woman: Are you coming?

Women tend to use the standard form. This point is emphasized in the difference of pronunciation. In Detroit, people like to use multiple negations, such as: I do not want none. Research found that men use much more of this kind of substandard form than women. This can be seen from movie “Forrest Gump.

Influenced by the southern accent, Forrest often uses double negative to show negative meaning.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA f. Non-verbal Differences

Differences in Manners have mentioned that women usually show politeness in their conversation, such as he uses of “would you, please, etc.”

Besides this, women also show that they are reserved when they talk. g. Differences in Choosing Topics

Thus, while there is a popular prejudice that women talk more than men, empirical studies of a number of social situations such as committee meetings and internet discussion groups have shown the opposite to be true. Women may talk more in informal occasions than men, but they surely play the second role in the formal occasions and tend to speak less than men. Sociolinguists studied women‟s silence in public situations as well as the linguistic work they do in their partnerships (Spender, 1980). Besides these differences, other sex-linked differences exist, such as women and men may have different paralinguistic system and move and gesture differently.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2 Film

Meriam Webster (1828) says that a film is defined as a sequence of images of moving objects photographed by a camera providing the optical illusion of continuous movement when objected into a screen of an entertainment, information etc, composed of such a sequence of images and shown in a cinema, etc. Historically, film was introduced in the late 19th century, but a robust criticism of the craft as an art form did not emerge until the early 1900s. The first paper to serve as a critique of film came out of The Optical Lantern and

Cinematograph Journal, followed by the Bioscope in 1908. It was not until the

1920s that critics started analysing film for its merit and value as more than just entertainment, giving viewers a place where they could better understand the stories. In the 1930s, the film industry developed concepts of stardom and celebrity in relation to actors, which led to a rise in obsession with critics as well, to the point that they were often seen on "red carpet" and at major events with the actors.

It was in the 1940s that new forms of criticism emerged. Essays analysing films with a distinctive charm and style tried to persuade the reader of the critic argument. It was the emergence of these styles that brought film criticism to the mainstream, gained the attention of many popular magazines; this made film reviews and critiques an eventual staple among most print media.

Film offers a variety of focused and sustained camera angles. It expands or contracts our experience by virtue of the absence of the space-time continuum.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Shots in separate spaces are edited together. Different times can be spliced, joined, or blended. The everyday sequential chain of experience is removed, intensified, or rearranged. Film has assimilated photography, music, dialog, the dance and has to move on multiple tracks, combine two or more types of media.

As the German American film theorist and perceptual psychologist Rudolf

Arnheim (1904–2007) noted in 1938, a movie is a composite work of art which is possible only if complete structures, produced by the media, are integrated in the form of parallelism. Naturally, such a „double track‟ will make sense only if the components do not simply convey the same thing; they must complete each other in the sense of dealing differently with the same subject; each medium must treat the subject in its own way, and the resulting difference must be in accordance with those that exist between the media.

Films uniquely magnify movements to produce stories which are especially potent in exposing hypocrisy, problems of criminality in modern society, and the relation between nature and man, the private self and the natural environment. In other words, films are more like journalism the rough draft of history. The American playwright, movie director and screenwriter David Mamet

(1947) has said that “a movie‟s more like a car; it can probably sustain a couple extra parts to make it looked pretty.

2.3 Gender Differences

Flotow (2004:1) stated that gender studies and language studies are both interdisciplinary academic fields. The study of language began from thousands of

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA years ago, while the study of gender is quite short. “Gender studies have developed differently, achieving the greatest influence in North America; the “era of feminism that began in the late 1960s and affected academic and public life as well as “high and popular culture has been instrumental in shaping the historical and scholarly context of its generation. Feminist work has entered and had an impact upon almost every academic discipline.

The study of gender is important to the study of language, and the first step to study gender is to explore the difference between men and women. It is quite clear that men and women have a lot of differences in many fields.

Generally speaking, females have more fat and less muscle physically; women are not as strong as men and they mature more rapidly and usually have a longer life span. Females and males often show different advantages and skills in doing their work. Why are the two genders different in so many ways? Besides some physical reasons, we are aware that social factors may account for some of the differences.

Such as, women may live longer than men because of the different roles they play in society and the different jobs they tend to do.

Men usually have to undertake more pressure than women in life. The differences in job skills may be explained in great part through differences in the ways by which they are raised. When talking about language, we can‟t help asking if men and women who speak a particular language use it in different ways? If they do, then we may ask in what ways they are different. Do the differences change through time? This study attempts to explore these differences.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lakoff (1975) returns this difference in speech to the existence of sexism in society. In 1973, she wrote the first article specifically concerned with women and language. In 1975 in her book „Language and Women Place‟, she set basic assumptions of what marks out the speech of women, such as: using phrases like sort of the use of super polite forms like would you mind, the use of tag question like she is here, isn‟t she? the use of empty adjectives like adorable, lovely and so on the use of wh-imperatives like why don‟t you open the door?, apologizing more than men like sorry ,and the use of intensifiers like so and very

Her study suggested that women spoke more “proper” English (e.g., saying whom do you like? rather than who do you like?) than men because of the insecurity caused by sexism in society. That is a matter to debate and leads to the question, can sexism cause differences in speech between the two sexes? Is it to that extent? As previously said, this study is also observed further by the linguist

Deborah (1990) Tannen who, as mentioned in an article entitled Genderlects “has revealed other dialectical differences between the sexes. For example, women

“hedge their speech more often than men with expressions like I suppose, I would imagine, this is probably wrong, but…, and so on. Women frequently use tag questions to weaken or qualify their statements (e.g., He‟s not a very good actor, is he?), and women use words of politeness (e.g., please, thank you) more often than men.” (“Genderlects”, p.430). Again, this brings us to a similar question as the previous, which is why women need so much to qualify their statements.

Tannen was the first to give a term to this difference in speech between men and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA women and called it “genderlects”. It clearly shows that language differences can indicate gender differences in a conversation.

2.4 Relevant Studies

This research refers to some relevant studies in order to support the research, they are:

Akhter (2014) graduate student of BRAC University Dhaka, Bangladesh who wrote a thesis entitled “Differences in Language Use by Male and Female

Students in Tertiary Academia in Dhaka City”.The study focused on modern society, which consequently came into view that women are equal with men, yet the harsh reality is women are not considered as equal as men. Moreover, they do not get an equal chance even for discussion.That is because the two sexes respectively command different communication styles. In other words, it can be said that the language which is used by women is different from the language used by men. In the following part, differences in how they use their language and how they behave in conversational interactions is discussed in details. Vocabulary is the most active element in language. So, the vocabulary difference manifests the relationship between gender difference and language use.

Nadezhda, (2016) in the Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural

Educationentitled” Discourse Gender Differences between Native and Non-Native

Speakers of English: Discourse Analysis of Male and Female Narrations of

Recently Watched Movies. The study focused on the since gender identity depends on context (Masaitienė 2006: 295), it may be reasonable to expect that

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA there will be gender differences in the discourse of native and non-native English language speakers (i.e. the contexts in which they learned the English language vary). To exemplify, the study of the discourse of native English speakers showed male dominance in the amount of talk (Masaitienė 2006:297), while the study of the discourse of non-native English speakers suggested female speaking time advantage.What is more, male non-native English speakers managed to utter more words per minute in all types of interactions, while female non-native English speakers tended to talk more only in mixed-gender conversations (Dobrica

2014:12). Dobrica (2014:20) and Masaitienė (2006:300-301) conclude that the discourse of both native and non-native English females strives to use collaboration and to build connections through interruptions and cooperative overlaps. Additionally, Dobrica (2014:21) states that native and non-native

English speakers vary considerably in terms of exposing their gender identities in the course of communication.

Liang (2014) entitled “Gender Difference in Sports Advertisements and Its

Teaching Implications”. The study investigates the gender differences in 20 sports ads selected from 63 sports ads obtained from the Internet. The present study focuses mainly on interpersonal meaning of the selected sports advertisements and the findings have been used to develop teaching materials in this area.The data analysis shows that men and women ads are different in a few areas, such as men are more likely portrayed as powerful, heroic, moving, and even religious images, while women are depicted as fashionable, sexy, charming and still

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA images. Gender difference also exists in terms of the colour, gaze, distance, angle, the size of frame, etc.

Those studies contribute to provide information and knowledge related to the aspects that can be used in analysing language differences in many fields includes in the movie in order to describe gender differences found.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

This study uses descriptive qualitative approach as the research analysed the language differences and describe gender differences in the movie entitle

“Taken 2”. The theory of language differences proposed by Xiufang (2013) is used in order to analyse the types of language differences in the movie and theory of gender differencesbetween man and woman by Lakoff (1975)is used to describe gender differences in the movie.

3.2 Data and Source of Data

The data of this research are conversations dealing with language differences and gender differences and the source of data is the printed transcript of the movie “Taken 2”.

3.3 Data Collection Procedures

There are several steps done in order to collect the data, they are:

1. Downloading film “Taken 2” from the website www.Lk21tv.com. The

researcher chose that website since Lk21tv.com provides free films with

good quality picture and sound which can support the accuracy of data.

2. Downloading transcription of “Taken 2”

3. Watching “Taken 2” film to check the accuracy of Englishtranscription

with the context in film.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Reading the movie script in order to analyse the conversation dealing with

language differences and gender differences between man and woman.

5. Listing the conversation based on the types of gender differences in the

movie “Taken 2”

6. Looking the conversation to classify the conversation dealing with

language differences between man and woman.

7. Analysing the language differences which describe gender differences

3.4 Data Analysis Technique

Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014:31-32) considered that analysis in qualitative research is divided into three steps occurring together, they are data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verifying. In this research, the data will be analysed through the following steps:

Figure 3.1 Component of Data Analysis: Interactive Model (Miles,

Huberman and Saldana (2014)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. Data condensation

Data condensation is the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming of data from notes written in the field. Data condensation cannot be separated from the data analysis. Data condensation is a form of analysis of that sharpens, sorts, focuses, discards, and organizes data in such a way that “final” conclusions can be drawn and verified. The followings are the processes done in data condensation, they are:

a. Selecting, the researcher selects the data from the conversations in the

movie script of “Taken 2”.

b. Focusing, the research focuses on conversations dealing with language

differences and gender differences.

c. Simplifying, the research classifies the language differences found in the

conversation.

d. Abstracting, the research describes the gender differences represent in the

conversation.

2.Data display

After data condensation, the writer them displays the data found in the forms of table dealing with types of language differences found in the conversation.

3.Conclusion drawing and verifying

Conclusion drawing and verifying is done after data condensation and data display. In this step, the writer draws the conclusion related to language

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA differences found in the movie “Taken 2” as by correlating it to the gender differences described.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

This chapter deals with analysis and finding about the types of language differences between woman and man. The researcher analyses the data to answer the two questions which are made as the problems of the study in chapter one.

The results lead to some significant findings that give closer looks on types of language differences between man and woman and describe how those features represent gender differences in the movie entitled “Taken 2”.

4.1 Analysis

Based on the theory of language differences between man and woman proposed by Xiufang Xia, the differences are found in vocabularies, syntax, and choosing topics. The types of language differences between man and woman found in the movie “Taken 2” are shown in many dialogues made by the characters; Bryan, Lenore, and Kim, the dominant characters in the film “Taken

2” through their conversations. They use language differences which represent the gender differences.

4.1.1 Language Differences in Vocabularies

Women and men tend to choose different words to describe and to show thing and their feeling.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In the track 3 “too close”, the researcher found the language differences that represent gender differences. In the dialogue, Lenore, the female character of the movie uses many types of language differences in her communication. First,

Lenore, in her expression often uses adjectives to describe thing and her feelings, as seen in the following:

Lenore :Fine.You?

Lenore :Uh... Music lesson got switched.

Lenore :She's not desperate.

Lenore :I've never been a good liar, have I?

Lenore :She probably didn't want you running afull security check...

From the example above, it is seen that Lenore uses adjectives in her expression to describe thing in (2, and 5) and her feeling in (1, 3, 4). Second,

Lenore, in her expression also uses adverbs, as seen in the following examples.

Lenore: She probably didn't want you running afull security check...

Lenore: Yeah, she's okay.

Lenore: No. Not really.

The dialogue above shows that Lenore chooses to use the adverb

“probably” instead of saying “didn’t want”, “yeah” instead of saying “she’s okay” and “really” intending of “no” to emphasize her answeron her expression though they can be changed with the other words. This is to say that women tend to use adverb in their expression to show their gentility. Third, in her expression

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore often chooses diminutive words to show her affection and politeness as found in the following dialogue.

Lenore:I have no idea.

Lenore: You know how kids are.

Lenore:I've never been a good liar, have I?

Lenore :Do you want to come in for a drink?

Bryan :Yeah.

Lenore :Yeah. I think you should.

Lenore: She probably didn't want you running afull security check...

Lenore: Of everything he's done sincekindergarten.

From the above example, it is seen that Lenore‟s expression shows the affection and politeness. In the tract 5, the researcher found the other female character, Kim. The dialogue is between Kim and her father, Bryan. In the dialogue Kim also chooses to use adjectives to describe and to show thing and her feeling, as seen in the following examples.

Kim: Because I knew you'd overreact...

Kim: And I just want to feel normal even if I'm just pretending.

Kim:Dad, I don't even know how to start feeling normal again...

Kim:I don't know.

Kim: Maybe I didn't really want a license.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The above dialogue shows that Kim uses adjective and adverb in her expression to show her feeling and her manner. Her choice to use the word

“normal” shows her manner rejecting her father‟s protection. Her expression is followed by “just pretending” which can be understood as a polite complaint.

She may choose other words to express.In the track 7, “Bryan is waiting for

Lenore”. The choice of vocabularies made by female character is also found in the dialogue. Lenore chooses adjectives and adverbs to express her feeling and how she describes a thing. In her communication with Bryan, she often chooses and uses adjective and adverb in her expression as it is seen in the following:

Lenore: Yeah, I'm great.

Lenore: I'm sorry. This is really not your problem.

Lenore: I don't know. I can't think right now.

Lenore: Thank you, Bryan.

Lenore: She is definitely coming.

From the example above, it can be analysed that female or woman really makes a choice on using the words to be expressed. Lenore expresses “I‟mgreat” to answer Bryan‟s question intending to show that she is “fine” or she is “okay”.

In the same idea as choosing adjective, she also does the same thing in using adverb. She chooses “really” in example 17, “right now” in example 18, and

“definitely” in example 19 with a certain intention. She may choose other adverbs to express and to show her feeling and manner. As in the dialogue, the researcher found another woman character, Kim. It is also seen that she follows the ways

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore chooses and uses the adjective and adverbs in her expression, as seen in the following:

Kim:I can't believe you just did that.

Kim:I don't know.

Maybe I didn't really want a license.

Listen...

Of course I know where you're coming from.

But you have to trust me to figure this out.

Don't do this again, please?

From the above dialogue, it is seen that Kim makes the expression “I can't believe you just did that” where the adjective “just” makes the expression like showing the objection with a polite manner. Her choice using the adverbs “really,

“of course”, and “but” is meant to show her manner as a daughter who speaks to her father.

Bryan : Do it know

Bryan : Come on

Bryan : Shit.

Come on, Kim, answer the goddamn phone.

Bryan : Come on Sam. Pick up.

Bryan : Shit

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The dialog show that Bryan chooses to use Swear words and Expletives.

Men tend to use more swear words than woman . Women pay more attention to their manners and politeness of using language. They believe that these kinds of words will not only make others uncomfortable and give an impression of “no civilization”

4.1.2 Language Differences in Syntax

Though there are no specific rules that govern different gender to use different grammar, these differences can be observed in almost every language.

Theoretically, it can be analysed on modulation, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence and correctness of grammar.The idea of modulation is clearly found in the dialogues made by the movie‟s characters. As it is taken to be the data of analysis, in the tract 3, the researcher found that Lenore often uses the idea of modulation in her dialogue, as seen in the following dialogue:

Lenore :Uh... Music lesson got switched.

Bryan :The Tuesday one or the Friday one?

Lenore:I have no idea.

You know how kids are.

Bryan :So, where is she, really?

Lenore:I've never been a good liar, have I?

Lenore :Do you want to come in for a drink?

Bryan :Yeah.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore :Yeah. I think you should.

From the above example, it is Lenore who often takes what others think into consideration as it is seen in example 22, I have no idea. This expression shares the idea that the speaker takes others‟ thought into a consideration.

Moreover, the expression is also followed other utterances which share the idea that woman usually leaves a decision open rather than imposes her own idea or claims others, as it can be analysed in “You know how kids are.” This idea also continues to the example 23 in “I’ve never been a liar, have I?” and “I think you should”. In the example 24, women also tend to use interrogative sentence and imperative sentence in their expression, as seen in the following:

Bryan: So, where is she, really?

Lenore:I've never been a good liar, have I?

Lenore:Do you want to come in for a drink?

Bryan :Yeah.

Lenore :Yeah. I think you should.

Kim :So, where are we heading?

Lenore :Well, I am going nowhere. I'm beat.

I'm just going to take a nice long bathand get into bed.

Bryan: Lennie. Are you sure?

Kim:How do you know all this stuff?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Bryan:How do I know it?

I read it in a book on the flight over.

And you can borrow it if you wish.

Kim:Yeah, I would.

Kim:It's cool if he joins us, right?

Lenore :Of course it is, honey.

Kim :Dad?

Bryan :Of course it is, honey.

From the examples above, the researcher found that Lenore really uses interrogative sentence as a kind of strategy to make the conversation longer. In example 25, Lenore uses tag question in her expression. In example 26, she uses the interrogative sentence to make the conversation longer and in example 28,

Kim uses the interrogative sentence also to make her conversation with her father going longer. Furthermore, in the example 29 Kim again uses the interrogative sentence to build up a longer conversation, yet only in the intonation as she only says “Dad?”. Syntactically it is not interrogative sentence but it is expressed like interrogative.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.1.3 Differences in Choosing Topics

In social interaction, men and women have different interests in choosing their topics. When men are talking, they are more likely to choose the topics of politics, economy, stocks, sports, current news. While women have more interest in talking family affairs, such as the education of children, clothes, cooking, fashion, etc. Women‟s talk is associated with the home and domestic activities, while men‟s is associated with the outside world and economic activities. This assumption is nice to be proved in movie‟s characters conversations. The dialogues which are chosen to be data analysis show how women choose the topic of their conversation. In the tract 3 “Too Close” and the tract 13 “Bryan and

Lenore are taken”, the researcher found the expression which can be seen as a way of choosing the topic of conversation, as seen in the following:

Bryan :Hi. How are you?

Lenore:Fine.You?

Bryan :Mmm, good, good.

Lenore :Is something up?

Bryan :No. It's Saturday, two o'clock.

Kim's driving lesson?

Lenore :Uh... Music lesson got switched.

Bryan :The Tuesday one or the Friday one?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore :I have no idea.

You know how kids are.

Bryan :Mmm-hmm.

From the above dialogue, it can be seen that Lenore chooses a very nice expression to change the topic like “uh…music lesson got switched.” She uses interjection to go with the idea instead of directly saying the point. The next change is that “I have no idea.” It seems Lenore takes other‟s thinking to understand what had happened. It is also followed by the expression of “you know how kids are.” It strengthens the idea of choosing the topic to be expressed. Then, another form of choosing the topic of communication is seen as follows:

Lenore :I've never been a good liar, have I?

Bryan :No, it's not your forte.

The above dialogue shows that Lenore chooses to change the topic of their conversation by using tag question: I've never been a good liar, have I?Another form of differences in choosing the topic is also found in the dialogues as seen in the following dialogue.

Bryan:She has a boyfriend?

Lenore:Do you want to come in for a drink?

Bryan :Yeah.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore :Yeah. I think you should.

From the above example, it can be seen that choosing the topic of conversation is made by interrogative sentence. Lenore uses this way when she has a dialogue with Bryan. Then it is also strengthened by the expression “Yeah, I think you should”. This is a kind of modulation that is practiced by Lenore, woman character on the movie. Further, differences in choosing the topic is also found as follows:

Lenore: She thinks we just fell off the turnip truck.

Bryan :What do you mean?

Lenore :She's trying to play cupid.

Bryan :Oh, I see.

The above dialogue shows how Lenore uses modulation to choose topic of conversation while she is on date with her ex-husband, Bryan Mills. The woman character which is represented by Lenore has many good ways to choose the topic on a dialogue. Again, woman is also used to choose the topic by saying: “you know….”,I thought….., you really proved me ……” and etc., as seen in the following:

Lenore: You know, when you first came back...

And said you wanted to make up for all that time

That you lost with Kim?

Bryan :Uh-huh?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore :I thought, "right. Three weeks, he's gone.”

That was usually about the limit you stuck around.

Bryan :Give or take a week.

Lenore :You really proved me wrong. I thoughtyou'd never change.

Bryan :Why not?

Lenore :I don't know. Your personality.

When you commit to something...

You focus all your energy there.

Like a dog with a bone.

Bryan :Nice analogy.

Lenore :You know what I mean.

When you give, it's 100 percent of 100 percent.

Bryan :If I was on to something, it was just that thing.

Even though I tell myself I should change…

I could never give it up.

Lenore :You gave us up.

Bryan:Mmm-mmm.

No, never.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Not in here.

From the dialogue above the researcher found that woman has a nice way to choose the topic on a dialogue.

4.2 Finding

According to the analysis above, the researcher found that the language differences represent the gender differences. Based on the theory of language differences between man and woman proposed by Xiufang Xia, the differences are found in vocabularies, syntax, and choosing topics. The types of language differences between man and woman found in the movie “Taken 2” are shown in many dialogues made by the characters. Bryan, Lenore, and Kim, the dominant characters in the film “Taken 2” through their conversations, they use language differences which represent the gender differences.

The differences are really found in the vocabulary that is used by the characters in their dialogues. From the seven tracts which are taken to be the data on this study, the writer found that most of Lenore‟s expressions are made up with adjectives and adverbs. Based on the theory, women often use the adjective on their expression intending to make the communication running well and it is the women‟s way to describe the things and to show their feeling and emotion. It is also their ways to show that women are really sensitive to the environment and like more to expression the emotion with words. Another woman character in the movie is Kim. She also speaks like Lenore who always uses adjective on her expressions.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Based on the theory, there is no specific rules with the differences in syntax. The differences are syntacticallyseen in modulation, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence, and choosing topics. Through the women‟s expression, it was found that woman really practiced gender differences on their expression. It is Lenore who often takes what others think into consideration as it is seen in example 22, I have no idea. This expression shares the idea that the speaker takes others‟ thought into a consideration. Moreover, the expression is also followed other utterances which share the idea that woman usually leaves a decision open rather than imposes her own idea or claims others, as it can be analysed in “You know how kids are.” This idea also continues to the example

23 in “I’ve never been a liar, have I?” and “I think you should” in the example

24.

Women also tend to use interrogative sentence and imperative sentence in their expression.The researcher found that Lenore really uses interrogative sentence as a kind of strategy to make the conversation longer. In example 25,

Lenore uses tag question in her expression. In example 26, she uses the interrogative sentence to make the conversation longer and in example 28, Kim uses the interrogative sentence also to make her conversation with her father going longer. Furthermore, in the example 29 Kim again uses the interrogative sentence to build up a longer conversation, yet only in the intonation as she only says “Dad?”. Syntactically it is not interrogative sentence but it is expressed like interrogative.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The researcher found the idea of gender differences in choosing the topic.

It can be seen that Lenore chooses a very nice expression to change the topic like

“uh…music lesson got switched.” She uses interjection to go with the idea instead of directly saying the point. The next change is that “I have no idea.” It seems Lenore takes other‟s thinking to understand what had happened. It is also followed by the expression of “you know how kids are.” It strengthens the idea of choosing the topic to be expressed. Lenore also uses modulation to choose topic of conversation while she is on date with her ex-husband, Bryan Mills. The woman character which is represented by Lenore has many good ways to choose the topic on a dialogue. Again, woman is also used to choose the topic by saying:

“you know….”,I thought….., you really proved me ……” and etc. Men and women have different interests in choosing their topics.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

The researcher finally draws conclusion based on the analysis done, they are:

1. The types of language differences between man and woman found in the

movie “Taken 2”. They occur in the daily communication. It can be seen

women and men are different by analyzing the language differences on

their expressions. As it is stated in the problems of the study, this research

found the language differences in choosing and using vocabulary. Woman

uses adjectives and adverbs more often than man on their expressions. It is

also stated that woman uses the adjective to describe things and to show

her emotion and sensitivity to the environment. Lenore and Kim prove it

on the dialogues in the movie. They also use the adverbs different from

man, women tend to use adverbs like so, small, really, probably, etc. But

Bryan as a man tend to use swear words and expletives more than woman.

2. Language differences represent gender differences. The language

differences represent gender differences found in the movie “Taken 2”.

The female characters of the movie use the language differences to

represent gender differences. Women are really gentle in grammar as they

express their thought precisely clear with grammar. Lenore and Kim did it

in their dialogues on the movie. The language differences represent gender

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA differences are also proved on the character‟s dialogues along the movie‟s

story in case of choosing the topics. Women are found to be more

concerned with the home, family affair, education, domestic activities, etc.

5.2 Suggestion

In this study, the researcher has suggestions for further research; the types of language differences represent gender differences are not only generalized and particularized differences, there are other types of language differences, so for the next research, it can be a consideration to analyze that type. Film can not only be analyzed on the gender differences, but can also be analyzed in other topics such as speech acts or metaphors or other linguistics such as semantics or morphology.

Finally, the researcher hopes that this analysis can be useful to sharpen students' understanding of types of language differences. This research can be a reference for researchers and other students in the English Department who want to do a further analysis.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA McLaughlin, S. 1978. "Occupational Sex Identification and the Assessment of

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Appendix I. Table of transcription conversation

Track Listing Dialogues Vocabularies

(Track 3) - adjectives Bryan :Lenore. Too close - adverbs Lenore: Bryan. - diminutives

Bryan :Hi. How are you? -swear and

Lenore: Fine. You? expletive words - pronoun Bryan :Mmm, good, good.

Lenore :Is something up?

Bryan :No. It's Saturday, two

o'clock.Kim's driving lesson?

Lenore: Uh... Music lesson got switched.

Bryan: The Tuesday one or the Friday

one?

Lenore: I have no idea. You know how

kids are.

Bryan: - Mmm-hmm. Especially the ones

who are desperate. To pass their driving

test at the third try.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore: She's not desperate.

Bryan: But she failed the test twice,

Lennie:It's important. So, where is she, really?

Lenore: I've never been a good liar, have

Bryan: No, it's not your forte.

Lenore: She's at her boyfriend.

Bryan: She has a boyfriend?

Lenore: Do you want to come in for a drink?

Bryan: - Yeah.

Lenore: - Yeah. I think you should.

Bryan: Why didn't she tell me, for God's sake?

Lenore: She probably didn't want you running afull security check... Of everything he's done sincekindergarten.

Bryan: But she's okay, right?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore: Yeah, she's okay.

Bryan: Lennie, tell me it's none of my

business... But are you okay?

Lenore: No. Not really. We've separated.

Bryan: Lennie, if there's anything I can

do... Well, I better... Thanks for the wine.

Lenore: Bryan. Don't.

Bryan: I don't even know where the kid

lives.

Lenore: You found her in a city of 12

millionpeople within 72 hours. Promise

me.

Bryan: I just told you

Lenore: -promise.

Bryan: I'm going to give her her space.

Bryan: Could we slow down a little bit,

(Track 5) please?

Let me Kim: I can't believe you just did that.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Bryan: You're leaving on fall break next week.

Bryan: This is the only time I can get to do thisbefore I go to Istanbul.

Bryan: We planned this. When you make plans,you keep them.

Kim: No, dad, you planned this. How did you even find me?

Bryan: Your mom and I were talking.

Bryan: Why didn't you tell me you have a boyfriend?

Kim: Because I knew you'd overreact...

And I just want to feel normal even if I'm just pretending.

Bryan: Remember to brake before the stop

Kim: Dad.

- Mom doesn't know where Jamie lives.

- GPS?

Bryan: I had it installed in your phone. I'm

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA sorry. You hear so many scary stories of goings-onwith people your age

Kim: Dad, I don't even know how to start feelingnormal again... But this definitely isn't it.

Bryan: Kim, you can move. Use your side mirror. Perfect. Why couldn't you do that in the test?

Kim: I don't know. Maybe I didn't really want a license. Listen.Of course I know where you're coming from. But you have to trust me to figure this out. Don't do this again, please?

Bryan: I won't.

Kim: And don't go running a background checkon him with your friends.

Bryan: I won't.

Kim: Okay.

Bryan: See you Wednesday. Two o'clock.

Kim: Love you.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Bryan : Hey, I love you.

Bryan: What's happened? Are you okay?

Lenore: Yeah, I'm great. (Track 7) Bryan: Come in. I'll get Kim. Hey, hey, Bryan waiting for hey. Lennie, talk to me. Lenore

Lenore: We had this trip planned to china

for Kim's spring break... As a family, to

try and work things out. And when Stu

and Ijust thought it would be nice for Kim

and ITo be away together... Away from all

the tension. He canceled everything. All

the reservations. I just can't believe he did

this to us. I'm just so tired. Just the

fighting, the lawyers. He's turned into

such a bastard.

Bryan: I'm sorry, Lennie. I'm sorry.

Lenore: I'm sorry. This is really not your

problem. It's my turn to have I'll figure it

out.

Bryan: Look... Why don't you and Kim

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA come with me?

Lenore: But we can't impose on you.

You'reworking.

Bryan: You're not imposing. I'm working for three days. Then you can come over. It could be fun.

Lenore: I don't know. I can't think right now.

Bryan: Sure, I understand. No pressure. I leave in the morning. I work three days.

Call me.If you're coming, I'll hang around. If not,I'll come back.That's it.

Lenore: I'll go get Kim.

Bryan: Okay.

Lenore: Thank you, Bryan.She is definitely coming.

Kim: Dad.

Surprise!

Bryan: Oh, my God. Kim, baby. Hey,

Lennie. - Hello, Bryan.I was just leaving

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA (Track 9) you a message. When I didn't hear, it was

Bagasaz Lenore: We wanted to surprise you.

Bryan: Well, you succeeded. You guys

could have been surprised. I could have

been out of here and headed home.

Kim: Mom's been calling Sam.

Bryan: Oh, yeah?

Lenore: - Uh-huh. Yes.

Kim: We've been tracking you.

Lenore: Exactly. You're not the only one

who'sgot moves.

Bryan: Apparently not. Welcome to

Istanbul. Not too shabby, huh?

Kim: Wow.

Lenore: Oh, my God.

Kim: Mom, look at this.

Lenore: Oh, my God!

Kim: It's crazy, right?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore: It's beautiful!

Lenore: Thank you so much.

Bryan: - My pleasure. Listen, I'll let you

get settled... And I'll come and collect you

in half an hour?

Lenore: Okay.

Kim: Hey.

Bryan: - Hey. (Track 10) Kim: You look great. Kim and Bryan On theBoshpour Bryan: You, too.

Kim: So, where are we heading?

Lenore: Well, I am going nowhere. I'm

beat. I'm just going to take a nice long

bathand get into bed.

Bryan: Lennie. Are you sure?

Lenore: Yeah.

Bryan: I guess it's just you and me, kiddo.

On this side is Europe, and the other

sideis Asia. And every conquest since, for

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the last

2,500 years... Whether it was the west going east orthe east going west... They all used this very same waterway. You want some tea, baby?

Kim: - Yeah.

Bryan: Just one, please.

Kim: How do you know all this stuff?

Bryan: How do I know it? I read it in a book on the flight over. And you can borrow it if you wish.

Kim: Yeah, I would.

Bryan: So, this Jamie... -Is it... Serious?

Kim: That was a really smooth transition.I don't know. It's only been a few months.

Bryan: Are you in love with him?

Kim: I guess I'm not sure yet.

Bryan: Have you ever been in love

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA before?

Kim: Not the way that mom talks about it.

Bryan: How does she describe it?

Kim: She said when you guys met... That

it was super special.

Bryan: Super special? She said that?

Kim: I think the exact word she used

was... "magical."

Bryan: Magical, huh?

Lenore: She thinks we just fell off the

turnip truck.

Bryan: What do you mean?

Lenore: She's trying to play cupid.

(Track 13) Bryan: Oh, I see.

Lenore and Bryan Lenore: You know, When you first came are taken back... And said you wanted to make up

for allthat time .That you lost with Kim?

Bryan: - Uh-huh?

Lenore: I thought, "right. Three weeks,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA he's gone.”That was usually about the limit youstuck around.

Bryan: Give or take a week. Not too close.

Lenore: You really proved me wrong. I thoughtyou'd never change.

Bryan: Why not?

Lenore: I don't know. Your personality.

When you commit to something.You focus all your energy there. Like a dog with a bone.

Bryan: Nice analogy.

Lenore: You know what I mean.

When you give, it's 100 percent of 100 percent.

Bryan: If I was on to something, it was just that thing.Even though I tell myself I should change…I could never give it up.

Lenore: You gave us up.

Bryan: - Mmm-mmm. No, never.Not in

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA here.

Bryan: Driver, turn left. Lennie, don't.

What?

Lenore: Will you tell me what's going on?It's okay. Where is he?

Bryan: You see the gallery entrance in the middleof the block?

Lenore: Will you tell me what's going on?

Bryan: - Do you see it?

Lenore: Yeah, I see it.

Bryan: When we stop, I want you to get out. Of the car like you're a shopper.I want you to go inside.

Lenore: Will you tell me what's going on?

Bryan: Listen to me. Lennie, there's no time for this.

Lenore: Just talk to me!

Bryan: - Listen. When you exit the back of the fabric store,turn right. Take the first street on the right, Then left on the very

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA next street. Go straight until you come to a set of steps. There's a red corridor. It's a lane. When you exit the lane, there's a cab stand. Go back to the hotel. Get Kim. Get the head of hotel security. And demand that he cordon off your room.Do not open the door for anyone. No room service, no police, no one. You wait for me.

Lenore: I can't believe this is happening.

Bryan: I need you to focus. Are you ready?

Lenore: No.

Bryan: I need you to be ready. I need you to be ready.Come on, focus. Driver, stop.Okay, go.

Lenore: Wait, what about you?

Bryan: I'll be fine. It's the guys following us who are about to have a problem.

When a dog has a bone... The last thing you want to do is try and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA take it from him.

Lenore: Be careful.

Bryan: Out of the car.

Kim: I was perfect.

Bryan: I've been saying that since the day (Track 24) you were born. Congratulations.what Handyman would you like to do to celebrate? Um...

Kim: I think I have an idea.

Bryan: Yeah?

Kim: Yeah. I'll drive.

Bryan: Of course.

Waitress: Here you go. Three double-

chocolate fudge.

Bryan: Thank you.

Waitress: Who's having the strawberry?

Bryan: I'm sorry, but I just ordered three.

Waitress: Actually, the order said four.

Kim: I ordered the fourth one.

Bryan: For who?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lenore: Oh, Jamie. Hey.

Jamie: Hi.

Kim: Hi. Perfect timing.

Bryan: Jamie.

Kim: It's cool if he joins us, right?

Lenore: Of course it is, honey.

Kim: Dad?

Bryan: - Of course it is, honey.

Lenore: - Behave.

Jamie: It's nice to see you again, sir.

Bryan: Nice to see you, too. Sit down.

Kim: Hi.

Kim: We got you a strawberry.

Jamie: Oh, please. Thanks,

Kim: dad.

Kim: Don't shoot this one. I really like him.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA