DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Catalytic Depolymerization of Native and Technical Lignin into Phenolic Compounds Using Nickel Catalyst Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04s8p6q7 Author Luo, Hao Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Catalytic Depolymerization of Native and Technical Lignin into Phenolic Compounds Using Nickel Catalyst A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry by Hao Luo Committee in charge: Professor Mahdi M. Abu-Omar, Chair Professor Steven K. Buratto Professor Peter C. Ford Professor Susannah L. Scott June 2018 The dissertation of Hao Luo is approved. _____________________________________________ Mahdi M. Abu – Omar, Committee Chair _____________________________________________ Steven K. Buratto _____________________________________________ Peter C. Ford ____________________________________________ Susannah L. Scott May 2018 Catalytic Depolymerization of Native and Technical Lignin into Phenolic Compounds Using Nickel Catalyst Copyright © 2018 by Hao Luo iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my family for all their support throughout my life, without whom this dissertation would not be possible. I would also like to thank my research advisor Prof. Mahdi Abu-Omar for his guidance and persistent help throughout my graduate studies. His excellent mentorship and dedication towards excellence in science has made a tremendous impact on my life. His encouragement both academically and spiritually guaranteed the success of my graduate research. In addition, I would like to thank all of the current and past group members of the Abu-Omar research group. Your help was one of the most important factors that allowed me to succeed as a researcher. I am grateful for the Center for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio) for all the interdisciplinary collaborations and technical support. iv VITA OF HAO LUO June 2018 EDUCATION Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, Purdue University, May 2013 Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, June 2018 PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT 2013-2016: Research Assistant, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 2016-2018: Research Assistant, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara PUBLICATIONS Hao Luo and Mahdi M. Abu-Omar. “Lignin Extract and Catalytic Upgrading from Genetically Modified Poplar”. Green Chem. 2018, 20, 745-753. Hao Luo, Frederic A. Perras, Ximing Zhang, Nathan S. Mosier, Marek Pruski and Mahdi M. Abu-Omar. “Atomic-Level Structure Characterization of Biomass Pre- and Post- Lignin Treatment by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Solid-State NMR”. J. Phys. Chem A. 2017, 121, 623-630. Hao Luo and Mahdi M. Abu-Omar. (2017). Chemicals from Lignin. In M. Abraham (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies (pp. 573-585). Elsevier. Fan Wang, Greg Michalski, Hao Luo and Marc Caffee. “Role of biological soil crusts in affecting soil evolution and salt geochemistry in hyper-arid Atacama Desert, Chile”. Geoderma. 2017, 307, 54-64 Hao Luo, Ian M. Klein, Yuan Jiang, Hanyu Zhu, Baoyuan Liu, Hilkka I. Kenttämaa and Mahdi M. Abu-Omar. “Total Utilization of Miscanthus Biomass, Lignin and Carbohydrates: Using Earth Abundant Ni/C Catalyst”. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4, 2316-2322. v Hanyu Zhu, Joann P. Max, Christopher L. Marcum, Hao Luo, Mahdi M. Abu-Omar and Hilkka I. Kenttämaa. “Identification of the Phenol Functionality in Deprotonated Monomeric and Dimeric Lignin Degradation Products via Tandem Mass Spectrometry Based on Ion-Molecule Reactions with Diethylmethoxyborane”. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2016, 27(11), 1813-1823. Fan Wang, Wensheng Ge, Hao Luo, Ji-Hye Seo, Greg Michalski, “Oxygen-17 anomaly in soil nitrate: A new precipitation proxy for desert landscapes”. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. 2016, 438, 103-111. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Inorganic Chemistry Studies in Catalytic Conversion of Lignin with Professor Mahdi Abu-Omar vi ABSTRACT Catalytic Depolymerization of Native and Technical Lignin into Phenolic Compounds Using Nickel Catalyst by Hao Luo Increasing greenhouse gas emissions as well as a series of environmental issues caused by fossil fuels combustion have motivated the development of renewable energy sources. Nonfood lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable source for making liquid fuels and valuable chemicals, due to its high energy content stored by the biosphere. However, the efficient utilization of biomass has been significantly hindered by its recalcitrant nature. Herein, we have investigated the use of Ni/C for the catalytic depolymerization of native lignin in Miscanthus, a grassy biomass. Under optimized conditions, over 69% yield of select aromatic products were obtained from lignin. Carbohydrates remaining after lignin removal were recovered as a solid residue, which upon treatment with iron chloride produced useful platform chemicals (furfurals and levulinic acid). Understanding bond connectivity in biomass (between lignin and carbohydrates) advances the development and commercialization of more efficient catalytic methods for biomass utilization. To achieve this goal, Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) Enhance Solid State NMR (ssNMR) was used to probe the atomic level structure of biomass pre- and post- lignin treatment. Our results revealed an increase in the relative ratio of crystalline cellulose upon the catalytic depolymerization of lignin (CDL) using Ni/C catalyst. In parallel with direct catalysis of native lignin in raw biomass, organosolv pretreatment was used to produce sulfur-free technical lignin in high vii purity. Our study investigated the effect of biomass substrate and organosolv pretreatment methods on the isolated lignin towards further upgrading over a Ni/C catalyst. By comparing different solvents (acetic acid/formic acid, acetone and methanol) applied for lignin extraction, methanol was revealed to minimize the undesirable re- condensation of organosolv lignin. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Ӏ. Introduction: Potential and Difficulties in Conversion of Lignin into Value- Added Compounds A. Abstract………………………………………………………………………..1 B. Lignin basics: structure and isolation…………………………………………1 1. Lignin structure: building blocks and interlinkages……………………….1 2. Lignin isolation technologies…………………………………………...…2 C. Lignin valorization: conversion into value-added materials…………………..6 1. Lignin utilization as power/fuel………………………………………...…8 2. Lignin utilization as macromolecules……………………………………12 3. Lignin utilization as monomer aromatics………………………………..15 D. Environmental Benefits from utilization of lignin……………………….…..18 E. Conclusion…………………………………………………………...………20 F. References……………………………………………………………………21 Chapter ӀI. Total Utilization of Miscanthus Biomass: by Using Earth Abundant Metal Catalysts A. Introduction……………………………………..…………………………….31 B. Catalytic depolymerization of lignin (CDL) in miscanthus biomass using Ni/C catalyst……………………………………………………………………...…32 C. Identification and quantification of aromatic products……………………….33 D. Composition analysis of carbohydrate residue……………………………….38 E. Upgrading of carbohydrate residue into platform chemicals using FeCl3……40 ix F. Conclusion…………………………………………………………...………..42 G. Supporting information……………………………………………………….43 1. Materials and methods…………………………………………….……..43 2. Instrumentation and chromatographic conditions………………………..45 H. References…………………………………………………………………….48 CHAPTER III. Atomic Level Structure Characterization of Biomass Pre- and Post- Lignin Treatment by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Solid State NMR. A. Introduction…………………………………………………………………..52 B. Catalytic depolymerization of lignin (CDL) in gene mutant poplar species using Ni/C catalyst…………………………………………………………...54 C. DNP enhanced ssNMR analysis on biomass………………………………...59 1. Comparison of cellulose region in raw biomass and residue after CDL reaction………………………………………………………...…………59 2. Comparison of lignin region in gene mutant poplar substrates……..…...62 D. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...67 E. Supporting information………………………………………………………67 1. Materials and methods…………………………………………………...67 2. Instrumentation and chromatographic conditions………………………..71 F. References………………………………………………………………...….74 CHAPTER IV. Lignin Extract and Catalytic Upgrading from Genetically Modified Poplar. x A. Introduction……………………………………………………………….….82 B. Organosolv extraction of lignin from poplar species…………………...……85 C. Two dimensional HSQC-NMR analysis of organosolv lignin……………....88 D. Catalytic depolymerization of organosolv lignin………………………...….93 E. Conclusions……………………………………………………………...….100 F. Supporting information………………………………………………...…...101 1. Materials and methods………………………………………………….101 2. Instrumentation and characterization conditions………………...……..104 G. References…………………………………………………………………..107 CHAPTER V. Bio-based Epoxy Resin through the Curing of Surface Modified Cellulose with Epoxy Monomer Derived from Biomass. A. Introduction……………………………………………………………...….113 B. Surface modification of cellulose from organosolv extraction of poplar biomass……………………………………………………………………..116 C. Curing of surface modified cellulose with epoxide monomer……………...123 D. Conclusions and future work………………………………………...……..128 E. Supporting information………………………………………………...…...130
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2015 Plastics to Fuel Developer's Guide
    2015 PLASTICS-TO-FUEL PROJECT DEVELOPER’S GUIDE Prepared For: The American Chemistry Council Prepared By: OCEAN RECOVERY ALLIANCE 20th Floor, Central Tower 28 Queen's Road Central Hong Kong TEL: (852) 2803-0018 c/o Malibu Foundation, 1471 S. Bedford St. #3, Los Angeles, Calif. 90035 TEL: (310)-614-5578 www.oceanrecov.org June 2015 1 Disclaimer: The 2015 Plastics-to-Fuel Project Developer’s Guide was prepared to educate prospective stakeholders on the current state of the plastics-to-fuel industry and offer considerations for developing a system. The views expressed here are those of the authors and should not be perceived as an endorsement of any technology provider or solution. Interested parties are advised to engage in direct consultation with technology providers to obtain additional, opportunity-specific costing and performance data when appropriate. The American Chemistry Council does not make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this report; nor does the American Chemistry Council assume any liability of any kind whatsoever resulting from the use of or reliance upon any information, conclusion, or options contained herein. The American Chemistry Council sponsored this report. About OCEAN RECOVERY ALLIANCE: OCEAN RECOVERY ALLIANCE (ORA) and the American Chemistry Council are working together to reduce plastic in the ocean environment. ORA is a 501c3 registered non- profit in California and a registered charitable organization in Hong Kong that seeks to introduce innovative projects and initiatives that will help improve our ocean environment by bringing together new ways of thinking, technologies, creativity and collaborations.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversion Technologies for Advanced Biofuels – Bio-Oil Production
    Conversion Technologies for Advanced Biofuels – Bio-Oil Production Report-Out Webinar David Dayton, Ph.D. February 9, 2012 RTI International 1 EnergyProgram Efficiency Name or &Ancillary Renewable Text Energy eere.energy.gov Bio-oil Production – Presenter Information Dr. David C. Dayton Director, Chemistry and Biofuels Center for Energy Technology RTI International 2007 – present RTI International 1993 – 2007 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1991-1993 U.S. Army Research Laboratory • Ph.D., Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 2000 • B.S., Biochemistry, cum laude, Washington State University, 1995 Over 18 years of project management and research experience in biomass thermochemical conversion R&D involving biomass combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. Manage projects related to synthesis gas conversion, synthesis gas cleanup and conditioning, and catalytic biomass pyrolysis. Focus on expanding integrated biorefinery technology development activities for biofuels production. 2 Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov State-of-Technology Current State-of-the-Art Bio-oil Production Gas – CO, CO2CxHy H H O, CO H H O, CO (C2) 2 2 2 2 2 2 Technology Options Fast Pyrolysis Biomass Flash Bio-oil Biofuel Hydroprocessing (Cin) Pyrolysis Stabilization (Cout) (0.1 MPa and ~500°C) Bio-oil Stabilization Char Coke Coke ° (C1) (C3) (C4) (10 MPa, 150-250 C) Hydroprocessing (20 MPa, 300-350°C) Next Generation Technology Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (0.1 MPa and ~500°C) Gas – CO, CO2, CHxHy, 2 H2 H2O,
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Waste to Energy and Liquid Fuel Plants: Key to Sustainable Solid Waste Management
    Integrated Waste to Energy and Liquid Fuel Plants: Key to Sustainable Solid Waste Management Bary Wilson, Ph.D. Barry Liss, Ph.D., P.E Brandon Wilson, Ph.D., P.E May 2019 EnviroPower Renewable, Inc. 7301A Palmetto Parkway Rd. Suite 206B Boca Raton, FL 33433 www.eprenewable.com EPR Doc. 05212019 © 2019 EPR All Rights Reserved 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Plastics................................................................................................................................................... 5 Plastics Recycling................................................................................................................................... 6 Diesel Fuels ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Premium Diesel ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Deterioration in the Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Biopolymers Due to Reprocessing
    polymers Article Deterioration in the Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Biopolymers Due to Reprocessing Jamileh Shojaeiarani 1,*, Dilpreet S. Bajwa 1, Chad Rehovsky 1, Sreekala G. Bajwa 2 and Ghazal Vahidi 1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; [email protected] (D.S.B.); [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (G.V.) 2 Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-701-799-7759 Received: 30 November 2018; Accepted: 18 December 2018; Published: 2 January 2019 Abstract: Biopolymers are an emerging class of materials being widely pursued due to their ability to degrade in short periods of time. Understanding and evaluating the recyclability of biopolymers is paramount for their sustainable and efficient use in a cost-effective manner. Recycling has proven to be an important solution, to control environmental and waste management issues. This paper presents the first recycling assessment of Solanyl, Bioflex, polylactic acid (PLA) and PHBV using a melt extrusion process. All biopolymers were subjected to five reprocessing cycles. The thermal and mechanical properties of the biopolymers were investigated by GPC, TGA, DSC, mechanical test, and DMA. The molecular weights of Bioflex and Solanyl showed no susceptible effect of the recycling process, however, a significant reduction was observed in the molecular weight of PLA and PHBV. The inherent thermo-mechanical degradation in PHBV and PLA resulted in 20% and 7% reduction in storage modulus, respectively while minimal reduction was observed in the storage modulus of Bioflex and Solanyl.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Physico-Chemical Properties of the Next Generation Biofuels and Their Correlation with the Requirements of Diesel Engine
    Chapter 16 An Analysis of Physico-Chemical Properties of the Next Generation Biofuels and Their Correlation with the Requirements of Diesel Engine Artur Malinowski, Joanna Czarnocka and Krzysztof Biernat Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53685 1. Introduction There is a pressing need to haste developing advanced energy technologies to reduce dependency on crude oil and climate protection. Biofuels – liquid and gaseous fuels de‐ rived from organic matter – can play an important role in reducing of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the transport, and can raise the energy security. By 2050, biofuels could provide 27% of total transport fuel. The use of biofuels could avoid around 2.1 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2 emissions per year when produced sustainably. To meet this vi‐ sion, most conventional biofuel technologies need to improve conversion efficiency, cost and overall sustainability. Conventional biofuel technologies include well-established that are already producing biofuels on a commercial scale. These biofuels, commonly re‐ ferred to as first-generation, include sugar- and starch-based ethanol, oil-crop based bio‐ diesel and straight vegetable oil, as well as biogas gained through anaerobic digestion. The International Energy Agency has undertaken an effort to develop a series of global technology road maps covering 19 advanced technologies, commonly referred to as sec‐ ond- or third-generation. This new technologies are still in the research and develop‐ ment (R&D), pilot or demonstration phase [1].Significant decrease of fossil fuels and lack of new ones becomes the basis for the Olduvai theory, published by R.C.
    [Show full text]
  • 810International Conference
    Chemicals and Products from Renewable Carbon International Conference St. Simons Island, Georgia, USA November 5 - November 8 Steering Committee0 Members Advisory Board Members8 2Nourredine Abdoulmoumine Gregg Beckham Dan Cosgrove National1 Renewable Energy Laboratory Pennsylvania State University Joseph Bozell Stephen Chmely Linda Broadbelt Roberto Rinaldi Northwestern University Imperial College London Nicole Labbé Kevin Edgar Andy Sutton Timothy Rials Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Los Alamos National Laboratory Center for Renewable Carbon University The University of Tennessee Hosted By: CONFERENCE SCHEDULE MONDAY NOVEMBER 5, 2018 5:00pm-8:00pm Registration/Social Hour TUESDAY NOVEMBER 6, 2018 6:45am-7:40am Registration/Breakfast Plenary Session: Biorefinery Concepts Session Chair: Timothy Rials (The University of Tennessee) 7:45-8:00 Timothy Rials (The University of Tennessee) Welcome and Opening Remarks 8:00-8:40 Wilfred Vermerris (University of Florida) Genetic enhancement of bioenergy crops to support the bio-economy in the southeastern United States 8:40-9:20 Brigitte Chabbert (FARE laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardennes) Multimodal characterization of lignocelluloses in the frame of biofuel production 9:20-10:00 Jeremy Luterbacher (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) Protect and serve: acetal formation during biomass fractionation as a toolkit for reducing degradation and introducing new reactivity 10:00am-10:30am Coffee Break 10:30-11:10 Roberto Rinaldi (Imperial College London) Lignin-first
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Hydrothermal Depolymerization and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Algae Biomass on Yield of Methane Fermentation Process
    Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 21, No. 2 (2012), 363-368 Original Research Effects of Hydrothermal Depolymerization and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Algae Biomass on Yield of Methane Fermentation Process Anna Grala*, Marcin Zieliński, Marcin Dębowski, Magda Dudek Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland Received: 7 March 2011 Accepted: 23 August 2011 Abstract Our study was undertaken in order to determine the effects of preliminary hydrothermal depolymeriza- tion and enzymatic hydrolysis of macroalgae biomass originating from the Vistula Lagoon on yield of the methane fermentation process in terms of quantity and quality of produced biogas. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted with a mixture of enzymes: Cellulast 1.5 L, Novozym 188, and Hemicellulase. In turn, the process of hydrothermal depolymerization was run for 120 minutes at 200ºC under a pressure of 1.7 MPa. The processed plant substrate was next subjected to mesophilic fermentation. The application of enzy- matic hydrolysis contributed to an increased quantity of and improved qualitative composition of biogas pro- duced. Keywords: algae biomass, methane fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrothermal depolymeriza- tion, biogas Introduction aquatic plants biomass from open water bodies enables us to accomplishing two objectives: the first linked directly Biological conversion of biomass to biogas in recent with the acquisition of energetic raw material, and the sec- years has become a popular research topic. Researchers ond with minimization of the eutrophication process. have studied the production of methane in almost 100 types Algae is a large and diverse group of simple autotroph- of fruits and vegetables, solid waste, leaves, trees, weeds, ic organisms, from unicellular to multicellular forms [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Bioplastics and Biocomposites from Biogas
    Renewable Bioplastics and Biocomposites From Biogas Methane and Waste-Derived Feedstock: Development of Enabling Technology, Life Cycle Assessment, and Analysis of Costs California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery August 2014 Contractor's Report Produced Under Contract By: Craig S. Criddle Sarah L. Billington Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University Curtis W. Frank Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University S T A T E O F C ALIFORNIA Edmund G. Brown Jr. Governor Matt Rodriquez Secretary, California Environmental Protection Agency DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCES RECYCLING AND RECOVERY Caroll Mortensen Director Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery Public Affairs Office 1001 I Street (MS 22-B) P.O. Box 4025 Sacramento, CA 95812-4025 www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/ 1-800-RECYCLE (California only) or (916) 341-6300 Publication # DRRR-2014-1502 To conserve resources and reduce waste, CalRecycle reports are produced in electronic format only. If printing copies of this document, please consider use of recycled paper containing 100 percent postconsumer fiber and, where possible, please print images on both sides of the paper. Copyright © 2014 by the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission. Prepared as part of contract number DRRR10020 / $1,874,328. The California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) does not discriminate on the basis of disability in access to its programs. CalRecycle publications are available in accessible formats upon request by calling the Public Affairs Office at (916) 341-6300. Persons with hearing impairments can reach CalRecycle through the California Relay Service, 1-800-735-2929.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling for Proximate Analysis and Heating Value of Torrefied Biomass with Vibration Spectroscopy
    Modeling for proximate analysis and heating value of torrefied biomass with vibration spectroscopy Brian K. Via∗,a,b,c,, Sushil Adhikarib,c, Steve Taylorb,c a Forest Products Development Center, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA b Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA c Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA Note: This is the Accepted Author Manuscript Version for the following Journal Publication Reference below. Via, B. K., Adhikari, S., & Taylor, S. (2013). Modeling for proximate analysis and heating value of torrefied biomass with vibration spectroscopy. Bioresource technology. 133: 1–8. ∗ Corresponding author at: Forest Products Development Center, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 520 Devall Drive, Auburn University, Alabama 36849 E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Via), Telephone: 334-844-1088 and Fax: 334-844-1084 1 Abstract The goal of this study was to characterize the changes in biomass with torrefaction for near infrared reflectance (NIR) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR- FTIR) spectroscopy for sweetgum, loblolly pine, and switchgrass. Calibration models were built for the prediction of proximate analysis after torrefaction. Two dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy between NIR and FTIR was found to precisely explain the depolymerization at key functional groups located within hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. This novel 2D technique also demonstrated the possibility of assigning key NIR wavenumbers based on mid IR spectra. Hemicellulose based wavenumbers were found to be most sensitive to torrefaction severity with complete degradation at 250-275oC. Lignin associated wavenumbers exhibited the least degradation to severity but was still detected with 2D correlation spectroscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the Biocomposites of Miscanthus Biocarbon and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)
    polymers Article Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the Biocomposites of Miscanthus Biocarbon and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) Zonglin Li 1, Christoff Reimer 1, Tao Wang 1, Amar K. Mohanty 1,2,* and Manjusri Misra 1,2,* 1 Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (T.W.) 2 School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.K.M.); [email protected] (M.M.) Received: 8 May 2020; Accepted: 31 May 2020; Published: 6 June 2020 Abstract: Miscanthus biocarbon (MB), a renewable resource-based, carbon-rich material, was melt-processed with poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) to produce sustainable biocomposites. The addition of the biocarbon improved the Young’s modulus of PHBV from 3.6 to 5.2 GPa at 30 wt % filler loading. An increase in flexural modulus, up to 48%, was also observed. On the other hand, the strength, elongation-at-break and impact strength decreased. Morphological study of the impact-fractured surfaces showed weak interaction at the interface and the existence of voids and agglomerates, especially with high filler contents. The thermal stability of the PHBV/MB composites was slightly reduced compared with the neat PHBV. The biocarbon particles were not found to have a nucleating effect on the polymer. The degradation of PHBV and the formation of unstable imperfect crystals were revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing and Exploiting Biomass Thermal Deconstruction Jake Kendall Lindstrom Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2019 Analyzing and exploiting biomass thermal deconstruction Jake Kendall Lindstrom Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons Recommended Citation Lindstrom, Jake Kendall, "Analyzing and exploiting biomass thermal deconstruction" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17242. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17242 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analyzing and exploiting biomass thermal deconstruction by Jake Kendall Lindstrom A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Mechanical Engineering Program of Study Committee: Robert C. Brown, Major Professor Theodore Heindel Wenzhen Li Mark Mba Wright Brent Shanks The student author and the program of study committee are solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright © Jake Kendall Lindstrom 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Catalytic Depolymerization of Native and Technical Lignin Into Phenolic Compounds Using N
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Catalytic Depolymerization of Native and Technical Lignin into Phenolic Compounds Using Nickel Catalyst A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry by Hao Luo Committee in charge: Professor Mahdi M. Abu-Omar, Chair Professor Steven K. Buratto Professor Peter C. Ford Professor Susannah L. Scott June 2018 The dissertation of Hao Luo is approved. _____________________________________________ Mahdi M. Abu – Omar, Committee Chair _____________________________________________ Steven K. Buratto _____________________________________________ Peter C. Ford ____________________________________________ Susannah L. Scott May 2018 Catalytic Depolymerization of Native and Technical Lignin into Phenolic Compounds Using Nickel Catalyst Copyright © 2018 by Hao Luo iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my family for all their support throughout my life, without whom this dissertation would not be possible. I would also like to thank my research advisor Prof. Mahdi Abu-Omar for his guidance and persistent help throughout my graduate studies. His excellent mentorship and dedication towards excellence in science has made a tremendous impact on my life. His encouragement both academically and spiritually guaranteed the success of my graduate research. In addition, I would like to thank all of the current and past group members of the Abu-Omar research group. Your help was one of the most important
    [Show full text]