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The Geology of New Zealand

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The Geology of New Zealand T H E GEOLOGY OF NEW ZEALAND I N EXPLAN ATI ON O F T H E G EOGRAPH ICAL AND TOPOGRAPH I CAL A TL A S O F N EW Z EA L A N D ER A N . M A E N . D V H C T ET T ER A N D D R. P T R F . O N O H S . FROM TH E S CIEN TIFI C PU BL ICA TIO N S O F TH E N CVA RA EXPED ITIO N . N S E B . I E R . TRA LAT Y R . F F S H D D C . C AL S O , LECTU RES BY DR F HOUHSTETTER . EL IVE R E N W E LA N D D I N E Z A D . U K N A C L A : T . E L A T T R T T E U E E N S R E E . D D , Q T CON TEN S. AG E P . on the Cha a of N ew Z ea and up rtogr phy l , by D r A Pe e mann . t r L ecture on the G eo of the P o nce of A u ckland logy r vi , by D r F H . v c s e er . o h t tt N ew Z ealand G e a a and G eo a S e : E ana n , ogr phic l logic l urv y xpl tio of Ma I p . The G eological F ormation of the Southern Part of the Prov n e of A ckland Ma II. i c u , p Record of the heights of the Southern part of the Province of Auckland The I m of A k and and its e n V cano Ma I I I sth us uc l xti ct ol s, p . Rotomahana or the W a m L ake and its hot s in Ma I V ( r ) pr gs , p . W hain aroa A ea and Ka ia ee ar o s on the W es g , ot , wh , thr h b ur t C as of the P o n e of A ckland Ma V o t r vi c u , p . b D r F v . L ec e on th lo 0 h e P o n e of e son . e G eo t c N . tur gy r vi l , y Hochstetter E anat n of the Ma of the Pr in e of N e son Ma VI . xpl io p ov c l , p OBSERVATI ONS U PON TH E CH ARTOGRAPH Y OF NEW Z EAL AND . R M A N N A P E E . B Y D R . T History and Progress of the Geographical Knowledge and Chartography of New Zealand may be classified into four periods . 1642 . , The discovery by Tasman 1769 . , The investigation and survey by Cook 1 4 l 8 8 . , Survey by the English Admira ty 1 859 , Commencement of the surveys in the interior by F ul . von Hochstetter and J ius Haast The Dutch navigator , Abel Jansen Tasman , discovered 1 3th 1642 i New Zealand on the December , , observ ng from the westward the clouded summits of the Southern il ’ . s a ed Alps He along the coast , passing Cook s Straits f l and the Northern Island up to the Three Kings . A though s aw of he the greater part of the West Coast New Zealand , the result of his observations was very incomplete and erroneous, which is proved by the fact that he considered New ' of T er m A u s tr a lia I nco mm Zealand as a part the g which , n accordi g to his supposition , stretched to the far east , and was connected with the South Cape of America . ” The knowledge of New Zealand made no advance for nearly a century , until the time when Cook anchored at B a 8th of Tauranga , Poverty y, on the East Coast , on the O 1769 ctober, and it was on this his first visit and his second 1773 - 74 and third ( , that he investigated New Zealand , sailed round it , and finished a survey of its entire coast . New Zealand was visited nearly at the same time ‘ by two French —in 1769 g u r ville navigators , viz December, , by Captain , in 1772 n who and the year by the unfortu ate Captain Marion , B 4 T H E H A RT O RA PI I Y r N E W EALAN C G o Z D . an was killed d eaten by the natives at the Bay of Islands . Neither of the expeditions added anythin g of importance to ’ r of Cook s observations o to the knowledge the country . ’ Through Cook s glorious discoveries the attention of Europe was drawn in a very marked manner to N ew Zealand . vi Whalers sited its harbours , and occasional adventurers began to settle ; but the early period of the European coloni z ation was attended only with crime and disgrace . A new and 1 8 14 better era began with the year , when Samuel Marsden founded the first Christian mission ; from that time the intercourse between the E uropeans and Aboriginals was i better regulated . A n attempt at colon zation was made in 1825 1840 the year , but it was not until that New Zealand became an English Colony . 1769 Since the time of Cook, in the year , and still more , 1814 t since that of Marsden , in , down to the Admiral y surveys 184 8 in , the literature bearing upon New Zealand is comprised f in a great number of very valuable publications , o ficial reports , works of travels , books , pamphlets of various kinds , charts and " maps . Thompson counts not less than two hundred and forty fi ’ ve . of Amongst the maps the period are Cook s surveys , the t of E detail char s separate bays and harbours , by nglish and — French naval offi cer s reckoning from North to South : Port M on an i 4 . u . n 1 8 5 Ba g , by A H . Hallora , ; y of Islands , by M D u err e 1 824 N on odo . p y, Tutukaka Harbour and g River , by N . i 1 837 . C Phill ps , Mahurangi Harbour , by J A Cudlip , ' 1 8 h r 39 34 . C afie s 18 ; Port Nicholson , by E . M , ; Manukau Cr O 1 845 B a . 0 . Harbour , by rmsby , Torrent y and Astrolabe 1827 B . Road , by M . Guilbert, Current asin , by M Guilbert , 1 827 L Port Hardy and Port Gore, by ieutenant Moore , ’ 1 4 Chafi r s 1839 U 83 . e ; Tory Channel , by E M , ; Port nder i 183 7 n B a Cr. wood Cloudy y, by Johnson , Akaroa Harbour , 1 840 Rou ab ou ki L . 0 . by Commander Stanley, ; Road , by ieut D err e B a . u O . 1 839 Wilson , Dusky and Chalky y, by M p y, 1 824 . The survey of the settlement and the beautiful map 1 840 of . New Plymouth and its vicinity , by F . A Carrington , h h I 4 1 ct e . see a s t e T e S of N ew a an vol . I 3 s e . tory Z l d , , q l o — “ a e k H nd 549. o b oc s e e N ew Z ea a . l rg r w r y h t tt r l , p T E C T G P or N EW Z EALAN H HAR O RA HY D . 5 A the Harbour and City of uckland , the Capital of New of K W aitemata Zealand, with the districts the rivers aipara , , W Ba Tamaki , Wairoa , aihou or Thames , Mercury y, Kawia , Piako , Waipa, Waikato , Manukau , Tauranga , etc . , compiled 1 842 from various sources by J . Arrowsmith , (with branch : C of N e w maps Auckland the apital Zealand, surveyed by ‘ F - 1 841 elton Matthew , Surveyor General of New Zealan d , and a Trigonometrical Survey of the Harbour of the Waite: mata and the Isthmus which separates the waters of the of O w Thames from those the Manukau , by Captain en Stanley , N ’ R . 1 41 . w 8 , and Felton Matthe , ) the maps of Dieffenbach s &c. travels , by Arrowsmith , All the maps and surveys of New Zealand existing before 1 848 of , consisted disconnected fragments ; but it must be remembered that it is a country of an area of not less than t 630 square miles larger than the present Kingdom of I talyfi The important survey of the New Zealand coast w a s under of taken by the command the English Admiralty , under the L B direction of Captain J . ort Stokes and Commander yron “ ” e Drury , in the surveying ships Acheron and Pond ra , of 1 84 8 18 55 and occupied a period eight years , from to , and now forms one of the most magnificent of the many produc of B - tions the English navy . esides the above named com the f manders , following o ficers were engaged in this work E . w . B Commander G . H Richards , F . J vans , R radsha , J W Bla ckn B . e . O . Smith , P W ke , R urnett , H . Kerr , T Kerr , W y, l . B F . l . en d r . e H E lis , A armer , C Stan ey , J M Pridham , D , ~ H .
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