DOCSIS 3.0 Physical Layer Specification
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The Most Common Digital Modulation Techniques Are: Phase-Shift Keying
Common Digital Modulation Techniques and Pulse Modulation Methods The most common digital modulation techniques are: Phase-shift keying (PSK): o Binary PSK (BPSK), using M=2 symbols o Quadrature PSK (QPSK), using M=4 symbols o 8PSK, using M=8 symbols o 16PSK, using M=16 symbols o Differential PSK (DPSK) o Differential QPSK (DQPSK) o Offset QPSK (OQPSK) o π/4–QPSK Frequency-shift keying (FSK): o Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) o Multi-frequency shift keying (M-ary FSK or MFSK) o Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) o Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) On-off keying (OOK), the most common ASK form o M-ary vestigial sideband modulation, for example 8VSB Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) - a combination of PSK and ASK: o Polar modulation like QAM a combination of PSK and ASK.[citation needed] Continuous phase modulation (CPM) methods: o Minimum-shift keying (MSK) o Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation: o discrete multitone (DMT) - including adaptive modulation and bit-loading. Wavelet modulation Trellis coded modulation (TCM), also known as trellis modulation Spread-spectrum techniques: o Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) o Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) according to IEEE 802.15.4a CSS uses pseudo-stochastic coding o Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) applies a special scheme for channel release MSK and GMSK are particular cases of continuous phase modulation. Indeed, MSK is a particular case of the sub-family of CPM known as continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) which is defined by a rectangular frequency pulse (i.e. -
A Special Supplement of CED Magazine. the a T of ADDRESS ILITY
THE MAGAZINE OF BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY/APRIL 1990 A special supplement of CED Magazine. THE A T OF ADDRESS ILITY There's an art to creating an addressable cable system. The Pioneer BA-6000 converter brings all the right elements together to create state-of-the-art addressability. The composition of such features as volume control, multi-vendor scrambling compatibility, PPV/IPPV capability, VCR program timer, VCR filter, four digit display, and unmatched security illustrate the lasting impression of apicture-perfect addressable converter. The BA-6000 paints an attractive picture for cable operators. (11) PION COW 600 East Crescent Ave. •Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 (201)327-6400 Outside New Jersey (800) 421-6450 (c) Copyright 1990 Reader Service Number 1 Perfection in Dielectrics. Trilogy Communications built abetter means immediate savings. coaxial cable -MC 2-and the CATV industry is All this plus the highly respected Trilogy letting us know about it. program of delivery and service provides our The MC2 air dielectric combines excellent customers with the attention and performance product durability and flexibility with air-tight that are second to none. fully-bonded construction. Our 93% velocity Our most prized dynamics are your of propagation provides the purest signal acceptance of our best effort so far -MC 2 air over the longest chstance -fewer amplifiers dielectric coaxial cables. Reader Service Number 2 COMMUNICATIONS INC. Cat or write for our free sample and brochure: TRILOGY COMMUNICATIONS INC., 2910 Highway 80 East, Pearl, Mississippi 39208 800-874-5649 •601-932-4461 •201-462-8700 CR171 THE PROBLEM Direct pickup interference 8 Subscribers who plug cable directly into their cable-ready TVs are plagued with ghosts and beats caused by poor quality consumer electronics. -
Software Defined Acoustic Underwater Modem
Software Defined Acoustic Underwater Modem Jakob Lindgren April 13, 2011 Abstract Today many types of communication are employed on seagoing vessels, such as radio, satellite and Wi-Fi but only one type of communication is practical for submerged vessels, the acoustic underwater modem. The ”off-the-shelf” modems are sometimes difficult to update and replace, especially on a large submarine. But by separating the hardware from the signal processing and making the software modular more versatility can be achieved. The questions that this thesis are asking are: is it possible to implement the signal processing in software? How small or large should the modules be? What kind of architecture should be used? This thesis shows that it is indeed possible to implement simple algorithms that can isolate a signal and read its content regardless of the hardware configuration. Calculations show that up to 13 kbps can be reached at a range of one kilometer. It is most practical to make the entire physical layer into one module and the size of the system could drastically change the type of architecture used. 1 Preface This Master's thesis from Jakob Lindgren is the final project for receiving the Master's degree in Robotics at M¨alardalenUniversity in V¨aster˚as,Sweden. It covers the basics of digital communication in the underwater channel as well as some simple algorithms for software defined communication. The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate how a software defined acoustic underwater communication can be implemented. This work was done at Saab Underwater Systems in Motala, Sweden, during the autumn term of 2010. -
19 Automated Test System for Addressable Descramblers 35
CCommunications Engineering Digest/The Magazine of Broadband Technology 19 Automated test system for addressable descramblers 35 Using microprocessors for headend/system reliability 47 Computer graphics for drafting and design 48 Product Profile: Trunk and distribution cable 66 Cable-Tec Expo exhibitors booth guide May 1983 FROM MINI TO MAXI.... THE vosE CHOICE IN HEADEND EQUIPMENT Whether it's 5 channels for an SMATV acoustic wave) filters and advanced solid state installation or 108 or more channels for a major circuitry to insure accurate signals with less HRC installation, the right choice is Phasecom— maintenance. And whether you need a "Mini" or the headend-wise company. We've specialized in a "Maxi," Phasecom can supply it in trouble- headend electronics for over a decade now, saving pre-pack cabinets completely wired and gaining the experience and know-how to pro- ready for plug-in. vide you with important benefits—like more Find out the facts today about Phasecom performance for less cost, increased reliability, headend systems. After all, it's the wise thing faster installation and a superior customer to do! support program. Phasecom Corp., 6365 Arizona Circle, All Phasecom modulators, demodulators, Los Angeles, CA 90045, Phone: (213) 641-3501, and heterodyne processors feature SAW (surface Telex: 181899 PHASECOM LSA Ji PHASECOM CORP. For testing satellite for quick and accurate indication So if you work with satellite communications components and of each parameter. A variable communications, and need a systems, the Wavetek Model 1084 is marker across the full sweep allows microwave sweep generator, the right on the money. Its 3.5 to 4.5 instant centering upon any portion Wavetek Model 1084 has your GHz frequency range blankets the of the sweep, and a simple push- numbers. -
Etsi En 302 878-2 V1.1.1 (2011-11)
ETSI EN 302 878-2 V1.1.1 (2011-11) European Standard Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Third Generation Transmission Systems for Interactive Cable Television Services - IP Cable Modems; Part 2: Physical Layer; DOCSIS 3.0 2 ETSI EN 302 878-2 V1.1.1 (2011-11) Reference DEN/ATTM-003006-2 Keywords access, broadband, cable, data, IP, IPCable, modem ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. -
Thread 1.2 in Commercial White Paper
Thread 1.2 in Commercial White Paper September 2019 This Thread Technical white paper is provided for reference purposes only. The full technical specification is available to Thread Group members. To join and gain access, please follow this link: http://threadgroup.org/Join.aspx . If you are already a member, the full specification is available in the Thread Group Portal: http://portal.threadgroup.org . If there are questions or comments on these technical papers, please send them to [email protected]. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an “AS IS” basis and THE THREAD GROUP DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO (A) ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INCLUDING PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR TRADEMARK RIGHTS) OR (B) ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE OR NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT WILL THE THREAD GROUP BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OF DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, OR FOR ANY OTHER DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, IN CONTRACT OR IN TORT, IN CONNECTION WITH THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE. Copyright © 2019 Thread Group, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Thread 1.2 in Commercial White Paper Date: August 2019 Revision History Revision Date Comments 1.0 September 2019 First public release Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 I. -
Download Article
IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 1 | Issue 8 | January 2015 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 High Speed Low Power Veterbi Decoder For TCM Decoders Using Xilinx T.Mahesh Kumar P.Vijai Bhaskar M.Tech (VLSI) Head of the Department Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, JNTUH JNTUH AVN Institute of Engineering & Technology Telangana, India AVN Institute of Engineering & Technology Telangana, India Abstract It is well known that the Viterbi decoder (VD) is the dominant module determining the overall power consumption of TCM decoders. High-speed, low-power design of Viterbi decoders for trellis coded modulation (TCM) systems is presented in this paper. We propose a pre-computation architecture incorporated with -algorithm for VD, which can effectively reduce the power consumption without degrading the decoding speed much. A general solution to derive the optimal pre-computation steps is also given in the paper. Implementation result of a VD for a rate-3/4 convolutional code used in a TCM system shows that compared with the full trellis VD, the precomputation architecture reduces the power consumption by as much as 70% without performance loss, while the degradation in clock speed is negligible. Keywords: Viterbi Decoder, VLSI, Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION In telecommunication, trellis modulation (also known as trellis coded modulation, or simply TCM) is a modulation scheme which allows highly efficient transmission of information over band-limited channels such as telephone lines. Trellis modulation was invented by Gottfried Ungerboeck working for IBM in the 1970s, and first described in a conference paper in 1976; but it went largely unnoticed until he published a new detailed exposition in 1982 which achieved sudden widespread recognition. -
Chapter 1: Modulation Systems
SYLLABUS: 141304 – ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION L T P C 3 1 0 4 UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALOG COMMUNICATION 9 Principles of Amplitude Modulation – AM Envelope – Frequency Spectrum and Bandwidth – Modulation Index and Percent Modulation – AM Voltage Distribution – AM Power Distribution – Angle Modulation – FM and PM Waveforms – Phase Deviation and Modulation Index – Frequency Deviation and Percent Modulation – Frequency Analysis of Angle Modulated Waves – Bandwidth Requirements for Angle Modulated Waves. UNIT II DIGITAL COMMUNICATION 9 Basics – Shannon Limit for Information Capacity – Digital Amplitude Modulation – Frequency Shift Keying – FSK Bit Rate and Baud – FSK Transmitter – BW Consideration of FSK – FSK Receiver – Phase Shift Keying – Binary Phase Shift Keying – QPSK – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation – Bandwidth Efficiency – Carrier Recovery – Squaring Loop – Costas Loop – DPSK. UNIT III DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 9 Basics – Pulse Modulation – PCM – PCM Sampling – Sampling Rate – Signal to Quantization Noise Rate – Companding – Analog and Digital – Percentage Error – Delta Modulation – Adaptive Delta Modulation – Differential Pulse Code Modulation – Pulse Transmission – Intersymbol Interference – Eye Patterns. UNIT IV DATA COMMUNICATIONS 9 Basics – History of Data Communications – Standards Organizations for Data Communication – Data Communication Circuits – Data Communication Codes – Error Control – Error Detection – Error Correction – Data Communication Hardware – Serial and Parallel Interfaces – Data Modems – Asynchronous Modem – Synchronous Modem – Low-Speed Modem – Medium and High Speed Modem – Modem Control. UNIT V SPREAD SPECTRUM AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES 9 Basics – Pseudo-Noise Sequence – DS Spread Spectrum with Coherent Binary PSK – Processing Gain – FH Spread Spectrum – Multiple Access Techniques – Wireless Communication – TDMA and CDMA in Wireless Communication Systems – Source Coding of Speech for Wireless Communications. L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60 TEXT BOOKS 1. -
Wireless Connectivity for the Internet of Things, One
Wireless connectivity for the Internet of Things: One size does not fit all Nick Lethaby IoT Ecosystem Manager Texas Instruments In the rapidly growing Internet of Things (IoT), applications from personal electronics to industrial machines and sensors connect wirelessly to the internet. Covering a wide variety of use cases in various environments and serving diverse requirements, no single wireless standard can adequately prevail. With numerous standards deployed in the market, spread over multiple frequency bands and using different communication protocols, choosing the right wireless connectivity technology for an IoT application can be quite challenging. In this paper, we will review the predominant wireless connectivity technologies, discuss their key technical concepts and engineering trade-offs, and provide guidelines for selecting the right wireless technology for different applications. We will focus specifically on wireless technologies that operate in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band where spectrum use is free, rather than technologies like cellular where the purchase of licensed spectrum drives up cost. Frequency bands and worldwide regulations The International Telecommunication Union’s Radio Agencies such as the Federal Communications communication (ITU-R) Sector, which coordinates Commission (FCC) in the U.S. and the Conference the shared global use of the radio spectrum, has of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations reserved several frequency bands for industrial, (CEPT) in Europe regulate radio transmissions -
Report and Opinion, 2012;4:(1) 62
Report and Opinion, 2012;4:(1) http://www.sciencepub.net/report Digital Modulation Techniques Evaluation in Distribution Line Carrier system Sh. Javadi 1, M. Hosseini Aliabadi 2 1Department of electrical engineering-Islamic Azad University -Central Tehran Branch [email protected] Abstract- In this paper, different methods of modulation technique applicable in data transferring system over distribution line carries (DLC) system is investigated. Two type of modulation –analogue and digital – is evaluated completely. Different digital techniques such as direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), time-hopping spread spectrum (THSS), and chirp spread spectrum (CSS) have been analyzed. The results shows that because of electrical network nature, digital modulation techniques are more useful than analog modulation techniques such as Amplitude modulation (AM) and Angle modulation . [Sh. Javadi, M. Hosseini Aliabadi. Digital Modulation Techniques Evaluation in Distribution Line Carrier system. Report and Opinion 2012; 4(1):62-69]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 11 KEYWORDS- POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS, POWER LINE CARRIER, COMMUNICATION, MODULATION TECHNIQUE Introduction During the last decades, the usage of telecommunications systems has increased rapidly. Because of a permanent necessity for new telecommunications services and additional transmission capacities, there is also a need for the development of new telecommunications networks and transmission technologies. From the economic point of view, telecommunications promise big revenues, motivating large investments in this area. Therefore, there are a large number of communications enterprises that are building up high-speed networks, ensuring the realization of various telecommunications services that can be used worldwide. The direct connection of the customers/subscribers is realized over the access networks, realizing access of a number of subscribers situated within a radius of several hundreds of meters. -
Platform Status Report an INTERACTIVE TELEVISION ADVERTISING OVERVIEW
platform status report AN INTERACTIVE TELEVISION ADVERTISING OVERVIEW Revised decembeR 2011 © 2011 Interactive Advertising Bureau AN INTERACTIVE TELEVISION ADVERTISING OVERVIEW Introduction ............................................................................................ 3 Interactive TV Defined ................................................................................... 3 History and Evolution .................................................................................... 4 The Current State of iTV ................................................................................. 4 Why Spend in Interactive Television ............................................................. 5 An End to End Experience ............................................................................... 6 Data ...................................................................................................... 15 Privacy ................................................................................................... 16 An iTV Product Deep Dive – RFI ................................................................... 17 What’s New in iTV ...................................................................................... 28 Overview of the iTV Ecosystem ................................................................... 29 Emerging Platforms ..................................................................................... 32 Current Industry Challenges and Remedies .......................................................... -
Implementation of Various Digital Modulation Techniques Using Low Cost Components
IMPLEMENTATION OF VARIOUS DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES USING LOW COST COMPONENTS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology May – 2014 Under the Supervision of Mr. Tapan Jain By Abhishek Rustagi (101040) Dhruv Srow (101115) Vivek Raj Singh (101138) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JAYPEE UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, WAKNAGHAT JAYPEE UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Established under the Act 14 of Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh) Waknaghat, P.O. DomeharBani. Teh. Kandaghat, Distt. Solan- 173234(H.P) Phone: 01792-245367, 245368,245369 Fax-01792-245362 DECLARATION We hereby declare that the work reported in the B. Tech thesis entitled “Implementation of various digital modulation techniques using low cost components” submitted by “Mr. Abhishek Rustagi , Mr. Dhruv Srow and Mr. Vivek Raj Singh” at Jaypee University Of Information Technology, Waknaghat is an authentic record of our work carried out under the supervision of Mr. Tapan Jain. This work has not been submitted partially or wholly to any other university or institution for the award of this or any other degree or diploma. Mr. Abhishek Rustagi Mr. Dhruv Srow Mr. Vivek Raj Singh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT) Waknaghat, Solan – 173234, India II JAYPEE UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Established under the Act 14 of Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh) Waknaghat, P.O. DomeharBani. Teh. Kandaghat, Distt. Solan- 173234(H.P) Phone: 01792-245367, 245368,245369 Fax-01792-245362 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work titled “Implementation of various digital modulation techniques using low cost components” submitted by “Mr. Abhishek Rustagi , Mr.