5.5 X 10 Three Lines.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19153-1 - Marketing Intelligent Design: Law and the Creationist Agenda Frank S. Ravitch Index More information

Index

Abington Tp. v. Schempp, 252 gap arguments and, 31 accommodationism, 80, 83 ID movement and, 223 Agostini v. Felton, 70, 71, 86 irreducible complexity and, 28 alchemy, 49, 171, 192 Miller on, 29, 197 American Center for Law and mousetrap analogy, 28 Justice, 251 Paley and, 30, 167 Aquinas, T., 19, 26, 169, 207 supernatural and, 49, 65, 210 Aristotle, 55 Bell, G., 227, 233 astrology, 20, 49, 160, 171, 192, Berger, J., xiii 196 Bible, 9, 13, 33, 110. See also atheism, 50, 129, 134, 146, 151 speciﬁc topics Big D, 25, 39 Balanced Treatment Act existence of, 25, 41, 49, 53 Edwards and. See Edwards v. falsiﬁcation and, 101 Aguillard gaps and, 31, 116, 133, 141 public schools and, 8, 12, 76 God and, 22, 27, 32, 96, 120, 205 teach the controversy and, 92 ID movement and, 79, 119, 141, Behe, M., 167 210, 211 Darwin’s Black Box, 28 paradigm shifts and, 39

333

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19153-1 - Marketing Intelligent Design: Law and the Creationist Agenda Frank S. Ravitch Index More information

Index

Big D (cont.) school prayer and, 77, 78 probability of, 7, 31, 135, 140, statement of, 76 144 complexity, 31, 149, 224 proof game and, 25 Behe and, 28, 29 public schools and, 216 Dawkins and, 135 relativism and, 53, 54 Dembski and, 30 role of, 141 design and, 26, 135 supernatural and. See God and, 3, 202 supernatural irreducible, 25, 27, 29, 32, 36 theistic evolution and, 122 naturalism and, 20 Biologic Institute, 222 Paley and, 26, 149 Discovery Institute and, 224, speciﬁed, 27, 30, 32 247 Copernicus, 207 ID movement and, 222, 226, 239 cosmology, 2, 138, 143 role of, 225 creation science science and, 224, 225, 228, 246, aims of, 9, 12 247 balanced treatment and,.See statement of, 225 Balanced Treatment Act Wedge strategy and. See Wedge creationism and, 12, 15, 117, strategy 203 Bishop v. Aronov, 178, 179, 180, Edwards and. See Edwards v. 182, 188, 190 Aguillard Boudreaux, E., 11 ID and, 195, 208, 223, 247 Bruno, G., 206 naturalism and, 166 Bush,G.W.,213, 221 primer on, 8 science and, 223 Center for the Renewal of Science supernatural and, 11, 14 and Culture (CRSC), 17, 18, theistic evolution, 140 169 Creationism’s Trojan Horse Cicero, 26, 169, 207 (Forrest/Gross), 15, 18 coercion test, 76, 189, 193 creationists, 14, 202. See also Establishment Clause and, 86, speciﬁc cases, topics 189 apologist tradition and, 16, 204 indirect coercion, 76 balanced treatment and. See Jones II and, 256 Balanced Treatment Act

334

Index

creation science and. See God and, 135, 136, 137, 139, 143, creation science 144, 150 date of creation, 9, 125, 245 ID and, 134, 135, 139, 147, Edwards and. See Edwards v. 236 Aguillard Miller and, 154 endorsement and, 73. See also myth and, 134 endorsement test positivism and, 147 Episcopal Church and, 125 probabilities and, 7, 50, 135, Epperson and, 12, 14, 203 150 Genesis and, 110, 125, 201 proof game and, 140, 142 God and. See God theistic evolution and, 137, 151, ID movement and, 3, 9, 12, 211, 152 212 demarcation, of science, 55, 165 natural theology and, 205 Dembski, W., 30 old earth, 9, 33, 113, 201, 204, Dennett, D., 7, 50 208, 211 DeWolf, D. K., 16 public schools and, 2, 9, 169, 204 disciplinary boundaries, 165 Supreme Court and, 8. See also Discovery Institute, 224 specific cases Biologic Institute and. See theistic evolution and, 115, 122 Biologic Institute young earth, 9, 33, 113, 201, 203, Center for Scientific Study and, 208, 211, 245 163, 235, 236 CRSC. See Center for the Renewal CRSC and, 17, 18, 169 of Science and Culture funding from, 210 ID and, 169, 221 Darwin on Trial (Johnson), 17, Kansas decision and, 218 209 Kitzmiller and, 214, 218 Darwin, C., 26, 149, 207. See also teach the controversy and, 218 evolution Wedge strategy. See Wedge Darwin’s Black Box (Behe). See strategy Behe, M. discrimination, 62, 157, 194 Dawkins, R., 6, 7, 133, 236 definition of, 160 complexity and, 135 Establishment Clause and, 104 Darwin and, 149 dualism, 116, 130 faith and, 153 Due Process rights, 68, 186

335

Index

Edwards v. Aguillard, 65, 190, 259 Episcopal Church, 125 Balanced Treatment Act and, 10, epistemology, 57 12, 14, 69, 92 Kuhn and, 48 creation science and, 9, 72, 264 normal science and, 52 endorsement and, 72, 75 Quine and, 48 Epperson decision and, 14, 259 relativism and, 44, 107 Establishment Clause and, 67, Epperson v. Arkansas, 13, 96 167 creationism and, 12, 14, 203, 205 falsiﬁability and, 18 Establishment Clause and, 67, God and, 15 70 ID movement and, 10, 205, 264 ID movement and, 259 Johnson on, 17 teach the controversy and, 92 Kitzmiller and, 226, 259 equal access, 62, 84, 85, 102 Lemon test and, 75, 76 Establishment Clause, 12, 61, 67, public schools and, 169 167 science and, 22 accomodation and, 80, 83 Supreme Court and, 10 apologetics and, 18, 63 endorsement test, 69, 72 coercion test and, 86, 189 coercion and, 189 demarcation and, 55, 165 creation science and, 73 discrimination and, 104 Edwards and, 72, 75 Edwards and, 67 effects and, 88 endorsement test and, 86, 87, Epperson and, 92 189 Establishment Clause and, 73, Epperson and, 67, 70 74, 86, 87, 189 equality principle and, 85, 86 ID and, 78, 87, 88, 93 Everson and, 67, 80 Kitzmiller and. See Kitzmiller v. First Amendment and, 67 Dover Area School District general principles, 79 Lemon test and, 68, 73, 74, 75, ID and, 19, 188 89, 90, 189, 254 Jones II opinion, 254 Lynch v. Donnelly and, 73 Kitzmiller and, 63, 66, 86, 91 O’Connor and, 72 Lemon test and, 86, 87, 189, 191 school prayer and, 76, 256 liberty and, 85 university and, 190 marketing strategy and, 213 Engel v. Vitale, 252 meaning of, 80

336

Index

O’Connor and, 73 theism and. See theistic public schools and, 63, 65, 105, evolution 164 existence, question of, 130 school prayer and, 255 Expelled (movie), 8, 17, 157, 216, Selman and, 91 221 separation and, 80, 82 state law and, 68 faith, x, 140, 204 supernatural causation and, 96 Dawkins and, 153 teachers and, 99 evolution and, 127, 209 universities and, 188 materialism and, 3 Everson v. Board of Education, 67, proof and, 119, 147 80 falsiﬁability, 40, 100, 176 evolution, 2, 5, 7, 23, 90 Finding Darwin’s God (Miller), 21, Big D and, 31, 116, 133, 141 124 complexity and. See complexity First Amendment rights, 61, 67, Darwin and, 26, 149, 207 176, 181, 184 evidence and, 119 Flying Spaghetti Monster, 32, 49, faith and, 127, 209 54, 96, 166 God and, 3, 121.SeeGod, Forrest, B., 15 theistic evolution Fourteenth Amendment, 67, 68 ID movement and, 18, 94, 195, Free Exercise Clause, 83, 86, 241.Seespeciﬁc topics 192 materialism and, 96.See free speech, 101, 108, 180, 192 materialism natural selection. See natural Gadamer, H.-G., 114 selection Galileo, 127, 206, 207 naturalism and, 96. See also gap arguments, 31, 116, 133, 141, naturalism 195 proof game and, 33. See also God proof game Bible and, 113 public view of, 245 Big D and, 22, 27, 32, 96, 120, supernatural and, 116.See 205 supernatural Christian apologetics and, 160 teach the controversy. See teach complexity and, 30, 202. See also the controversy complexity

337

Index

God (cont.) precommitments of, 153 creation and, 118, 206, 207.See science and, 134, 140, 144 creationists supernatural and, 138 cultural view of, 142 Wilson and, 229, 241 Dawkins and, 135, 150 Gonzales, G., 25, 198 dualism and, 116, 130 Gould, S. J., 223 Edwards and, 264 Gross, P. R., 15 evolution and, 3, 121, 143.See also evolution Haught, J., 167 existence of, 51, 141, 142, 152, hermeneutics, x, 114 153 Hitchens, C., 138 gaps and, 33 Humanist Manifesto, 6 Genesis and, 110 ID and, xi, 3, 22, 64, 212, 265 Institute for Creation Research, literalism and, 112, 113, 114, 169 203 Intelligent Design (ID) movement, metaphysics and, 146, 154 14, 33, 78, 99, 117. See also myth and, 134 speciﬁc cases, organizations, Paley and, 202, 207 persons, topics probability of, 134, 135, 136, apologetics and, ix, 16, 18, 30, 142 63, 119, 145, 149, 166, 202, science and, 118, 119, 126, 263 136 assumptions of, 17, 20 supernatural and, 97, 138.See Big D and, 25, 41, 49, 141, 211. supernatural See Big D theistic evolution and. See Biologic Institute and. See theistic evolution Biologic Institute Wedge strategy and. See Wedge Bush and, 221 strategy creationism and, 3, 9, 12, 211. Genesis, 110, 125, 201. See also See also creationism creationists deﬁned, 226 God Delusion, The (Dawkins), 50, design hypothesis, 149, 231 140 direction of, 222 atheism and, 50, 126, 129 Discovery Institute and. See Hitchens and, 126, 138 Discovery Institute

338

Index

discrimination and, 62, 157, redefinition argument, 95 241 relativism and, x, 48, 107, 162 dualism and, 116 religious apologetics and, ix, 7, Establishment Clause and, 19, 16, 65, 168, 208, 212, 264 188. See also Establishment research on, 182 Clause science and, 4, 52, 94, 145, 149, evolution and. See evolution 166, 191, 197. See also specific experts cited by, 163, 223 topics faith and, 116 secular humanism and, 6 flaws in, 32 supernatural and, 14, 116, 117, free speech and, 108 166. See also supernatural funding and, 210, 216 teach the controversy and, 34 gap arguments and, 31, 116, theistic evolution and, 120.See 133, 141, 195 also theistic evolution God and, 3.SeeGod theory and, 23, 32 hypocrisy and, 264 International Society for Kuhn and, 42. See also Kuhn, T. Complexity, Information, and long term goals, 122 Design Center (ISCIDC), 163, marketing of. See marketing, of 235 ID ISCIDC. See International Society materialism and, 7, 20 for Complexity, Information, methodological norms and, 53 and Design Center moral principles and, 17 mousetrap analogy, 147 Jefferson, T., 81 natural selection and, 17, John Paul II, 127 247 Johnson, P., 16, 17, 18, 50, 209 naturalism and, 7, 20, 166 Jones v. Clear Creek Independent normal science and, 44, 52 School District, 253 overview of, 15 Jones, J. E., 214 Pandas textbook, 65, 215 judicial activism, 217 paradigm shift and, 106, 171 proof game and, 4, 25, 142, Kalmanofsky, J., 126 162 Kansas Board of Education, 219 public schools and, 4, 14, 105, Keith, B., 8 121.Seepublic schools Kennedy, A., 76

339

Index

Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School reasonable observer and, 90 District, 5, 20, 50, 190 universities and, 191 Edwards and, 67 literalism, 3, 111, 114, 203 Establishment Clause and, 63, Lynch v. Donnelly, 72, 84 66, 86, 91 ID movement and, 167, 188, 213, Marketing Warfare (Ries/Trout), 214, 215, 224 249 judicial activism and, 217 marketing, of ID, ix, 265. See also Lemon test and, 75, 86, 94 speciﬁc organizations, persons, teach the controversy and, 259 topics Wedge Document and, 169 aims of, 213, 221 Kuhn, T., 40, 42, 171 Bell and, 227 epistemology and, 48 Expelled and, 8, 16, 158, 216, ID and, 42 221 normal science and, 44, 52 God and, 3. See God paradigm shifts and, 172 Johnson and, 210 relativism and, 48 Wedge Document and. See string theory and, 175 Wedge strategy theory and, 48 Wilson and, 233 materialism, 6 Large Hadron Collider, 173 design theory and, 1 Lauden, L., 57 faith and, 3 Lee v. Weisman, 76, 251, 254, 256, ID and, 7 258 naturalism and, 20 Lemon test, 69, 70, 254, 255 science and, 2, 18 “or” test, 71 supernatural and, 117, 162 Edwards and, 75, 76 mathematical theory, 174 effects and, 88, 90 metaphysics, 57, 146, 154 endorsement test and, 75 Milky Way galaxy, 24 entanglement and, 86, 90, Miller, K., 7, 21, 28, 111, 124, 128, 191 135, 144, 154, 197 Establishment Clause and, 86, Minnich, S., 65, 168 87, 189, 191 moral theory, 17, 20 Kitzmiller and, 75, 86, 94 mousetrap analogy, 28, 147 prongs of, 70, 75, 87, 90, 191 myth, 134

340

Index

natural selection, 266. See also phlogiston theory, 49 evolution Pius XII, 127 Bell on, 227 Plato, 26, 169, 207 design and, 234 Popper, K., 40, 100 ID and, 17, 247 positivism, 40, 100, 147 theistic evolution and, 144 predetermination, 110 natural theology, x, 30, 33, 202, Pretenz, planet of, 32 206, 208 Price, G. M., 204 Natural Theology (Paley), 26 probability arguments, 7, 31, 135, naturalism, 6 137, 140, 144 causation and, 57 proof game, 4, 33, 142, 162 deﬁned, 20, 21 public forum doctrine, 102 ID and, 7, 20, 166 public schools, xi, 1, 62 materialism and, 20 ACLJ letter, 258 methodological, 20, 96, 138 Balanced Treatment Act and. supernatural and, 162. See also See Balanced Treatment Act supernatural curriculum in, 57, 95, 98, 105, theistic. See natural theology. 107, 163, 176, 179, 181, 189, See theistic evolution 192, 218 neutrality, 13, 45, 48, 71, 79, 83, disciplinary boundaries, 165 85, 176 discrimination and, 62, 157, 160, normal science, 24, 44, 52, 171 194 Numbers, R., 201, 203, 223 equal access and, 101 Establishment Clause and, 65. O’Connor, S. D., 72, 73 See Establishment Clause Of Pandas and People (textbook), First Amendment and, 176 65, 215 prayer in, 76, 87, 252, 253, Origins Research and Resource 254 Center, 223 public fora and, 102 school ofﬁcials, 99 Paley, W., x, 19, 26, 168, 202, 207, teach the controversy and. See 226 teach the controversy paradigm shifts, 39 teachers and, 98, 260 Pennock, R., 28, 30, 168 theistic evolution and, 120 philosophical theory, 55, 114, 160 universities. See universities

341

Index

Quine, W. V. O., 48 philosophy of, 55. See also Kuhn, T. Raelianism, 187, 192 physical law, 138 reasonable observer, 75, 90 proof and, 119, 137 redefinition argument, 95 proselytizing and, 119 relativism, 263, 265 public stage and, 244 epistemology and, 44, 107 relativism and, 20 ID and, x, 52, 107, 162 research and, 21, 161, 243 Kuhn and, 48, 171 rules of, 263 metaphysics and, 172 scientific method, 21, 149 multiple paradigms and, 171 success of, 118 philosophical, x theory in, 24, 31, 48 Quine and, 48 Scientology, 192 secular humanism, 5 Santa Fe Independent School Selection (Bell), 227, 234 District v. Doe, 72, 76, 258 Selman v. Cobb County School school prayer, 13, 76, 77, 78, 254 District, 90 science separation principle, 204 definition of, 20, 23, 90, 125, 145, accommodation and, 83 160, 171, 185, 246 Establishment Clause and, 80, evidence and, 119, 137, 161 82 evolution and, 96.Seeevolution Everson and, 80 faith and, 147 historical debate, 82 funding of, 243 Jefferson on, 81 God and, 118, 119, 126. See also separationism, 68 God Seventh Day Adventists, 204 ID and, 20, 145, 149 specified complexity, 27, 30, 32 Kuhn on. See Kuhn, T. Stein, B., 8, 16, 17, 157, 216, 221 materialism and, 5, 17, 18, 20, string theory, 138, 173, 174, 196 96, 138 Structure of Scientific Revolutions, metaphysics and, 57, 146, 154 The (Kuhn), 42 naturalism and, 21, 130. See also supernatural, 95, 138, 159, 191, naturalism 266 normal, 24, 44, 52, 171 Big D and, 166 paradigms in, 42, 172 creation and, 11

342

Index

dualism and, 117, 130 God and, 118, 122, 129, 152 Establishment Clause and, ID and, 120 96 metaphysics and, 147 evolution and, 116 natural selection and, 144 gaps and, 31, 116, 133, 141, public schools and, 120 195 strong form of, 123 God and. See God supernatural and, 145 ID and, 116, 117, 166 theism and, 1, 152 materialism and, 117, 162 weak form of, 129 naturalism and, 162. See also Timaeus (Plato), 26 naturalism Tower of Babel (Pennock), 30 post-enlightenment thought and, Treen,D.C.,8 206 theistic evolution and, 145 UFOlogy, 49, 171, 192 Supreme Court, 2, 8, 10, 11, 12. universes, number of, 138 See speciﬁc decisions universities, 1, 163 academic freedom and, 99, 165, teach the controversy, 90, 92, 218, 173, 176, 185 220, 222, 248 agriculture/law analogy, Balanced Treatment approach 182 and, 92 balancing test, 176 courts and, 250 curriculum in, 57, 176, 181, 182, evolutionary theory and, 95 184, 185, 191 forms of, 93 Establishment Clause and, 164, ID and, 34 188 Kitzmiller and, 259 First Amendment and, 181, 182, strategy of, 34, 35, 62, 249 185 Tesla (band), 35 free speech and, 181 theistic evolution, 3, 129, 136, 149, funding of, 185 162 ID and, 163, 176 coexistence and, 144 merit increases and, 183 creationism and, 115, 122 profanity and, 176, 177 Dawkins and, 137, 151 research and, 185 dualism and, 118, 131 tenure revocation, 183, 185 evolution and, 109 Ussher, J., 9

343

Index

watchmaker analogy, 27, 30, 149 Kitzmiller and, 169, 215 Wedge strategy materialism and, 117, 211 apologetics and, 169 relativism and, 265 creationism and, 169 secular humanism and, 5 Discovery Institute and, 17, 18. Wilson, E. O., 226, 227, 229 See Discovery Institute Wise, K., 223 God and, 22. See also God Witten, Ed., 175 goals of, 18 Johnson and, 210 Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, 72

344