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Changing Lives Together: Through 80 Years of Research

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Changing Lives Together: Through 80 Years of Research For a world where diabetes can do no harm Get in touch 0345 123 2399* [email protected] @DiabetesUK www.diabetes.org.uk www.diabetes.org.uk/forum *Monday–Friday, 9am–6pm. The cost of calling 0345 numbers can vary according to the provider. Changing lives together: Calls may be recorded for quality and training purposes. through 80 years of research 1st edition – March 2018 © Diabetes UK 2018. 1331. A charity registered in England and Wales (no. 215199) and in Scotland (no. SC039136). Join us on this remarkable journey 3 We’re stopping the harm diabetes causes 4 We’ve changed the way Type 2 diabetes is treated 6 We’ve tackled blindness 8 We’re stopping heart attacks and strokes 10 We’ve prevented amputations 12 We’ve made living with diabetes easier 14 We funded the first insulin pen 16 We’re helping people manage their Type 1 diabetes 18 We’ve made blood glucose checking simple 20 We’re making the artificial pancreas a reality 22 We’re taking big steps towards ending diabetes 24 We’re helping people with Type 1 diabetes produce their own insulin 26 Join us on this We’re stopping Type 1 diabetes in its tracks 28 remarkable journey We’re putting Type 2 diabetes into remission 30 We’re building our knowledge of diabetes 32 Diabetes UK has an incredible legacy in diabetes research, We’re getting diagnosis and treatment right 34 funding scientists across the UK for over 80 years. We’re building a clearer picture of diabetes 36 This has only been possible thanks to our researchers who led the way and from some of supporters. Together, we’ve funded some of the the people whose lives have been changed. We’re discovering more about rare types of diabetes 38 greatest transformations in diabetes care. We know this report only scratches the surface Stepping into the future 40 The scale of diabetes is vast. More than of the difference our researchers have made to 4.6 million people live with the condition in the lives of people with diabetes. And we look Our support in numbers 42 the UK. We need urgent action to make sure forward to sharing more stories with you in Help us build a world where diabetes can do no harm 44 everyone gets the treatment they need. We the future. have been rising to this challenge for decades. Thank you 46 And with more lives to change than ever before It’s time to celebrate the fantastic innovations we cannot stop now. This is a celebration, but in research we’ve been behind and the exciting References 47 it’s also a rallying call. We have more research steps that lie ahead. to do and more lives to improve. You have helped us transform the lives of Your continued support will help us to keep millions of people with diabetes. When you breaking new ground for people with diabetes. read this report you will realise that our research has, in some way, touched the lives of almost Thank you for being part of our fight for a world everyone with diabetes in the UK. We couldn’t where diabetes can do no harm. have done it without you. Dr Elizabeth Robertson, So join us as we take a journey through Director of Research 80 years of achievements. Hear from the 2 | Changing lives together Changing lives together | 3 We’re stopping the harm diabetes causes Diabetes is devastating lives every day. Our research finds way to reduce that harm. Back in 1964 Professor Harry Keen led the way by developing a way to screen and monitor kidney disease with our funding [1]. His pioneering Bedford Study found 250 people with undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes and helped him to develop the term ‘borderline diabetes’ to describe people at very high risk of the condition. Since then, from small local studies to huge national trials, our research has been at the forefront of the fight against diabetes complications. What our scientists have discovered has changed the way diabetes is treated, benefitting millions of people. Not just here in the UK, but across the world. To recognise Professor Harry Keen’s contribution to diabetes research and care, we established the Harry Keen Intermediate Clinical Fellowship in his honour. 4 | Changing lives together Changing lives together | 5 1977 1997 We’ve changed Who, where and when Name: UK Prospective Diabetes the way Type 2 Study (UKPDS) diabetes is Research Professors Robert Turner treated leaders: and Rury Holman Where: University of Oxford When: 1977–1997 Impact: Improved blood glucose and blood pressure control linked to reduced complications Sometimes it’s hard to believe how much progress we've made in our understanding of diabetes. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study, known as At the end of the trial, the overall risk of UKPDS, is a good example. complications affecting small blood vessels More than 5,000 people with Type 2 diabetes dropped by a quarter. Over 30 years on, follow- took part in the research which showed that up results showed a positive impact on the risk improved blood glucose and blood pressure of eye and kidney complications, heart attacks [3] levels could help reduce complications [2]. and death . We take that knowledge for granted now. With more than 4.6 million people living with diabetes in the UK, and hundreds of million But at the time the enormity of this 20-year trial more worldwide, this piece of work has “These findings have had a profound influence was shown by the thousands of people who played a significant role in reducing the harm on the management of Type 2 diabetes, clinical tuned in from all over the world to hear the diabetes does. guidelines, and standards of care, and have results. And the collective roar which greeted helped reduce the risk of diabetes-related the findings. It was made possible by Diabetes UK complications worldwide.” supporters who donated £640,000 after we The research changed treatment and care for launched an appeal to fund the completion of Professor Rury Holman, people all over the world and it’s recognised the first 13 years of the trial in 1990. Co-Director of UKPDS, University of Oxford as a major step forward in understanding how best to manage Type 2 diabetes. 6 | Changing lives together Changing lives together | 7 1986 2010 We’ve tackled Who, where and when Name: Detecting diabetic blindness retinopathy Research Professor Roy Taylor leader: Where: Newcastle University When: 1986 – 2010 Impact: Led to a nationwide screening programme reducing sight loss Diabetes was once the leading cause of blindness in the UK amongst people of working age. It isn’t any more. And that’s thanks to a piece of research we funded in the 1980s. Shocked by the amount of sight loss in people So Professor Taylor expanded his fleet of with diabetes in Newcastle, Professor Roy mobile screening units across the UK [4, 5]. Taylor began looking into how it could Once again the results were positive, be reduced. proving photographic screening worked on His plan to beat blindness began in the back of a large scale. a second hand ambulance in 1986. Buoyed by the evidence, we campaigned for a There he used a retinal camera to photograph national eye screening programme for people people’s eyes. His team would then analyse with diabetes, which was rolled out in 2002. the results on the spot to see if there were Today every single person with diabetes should any early signs of diabetic eye disease (known have access to annual eye screening. as retinopathy). It means better vision for people with diabetes. “Losing eyesight can be avoided if retinopathy is Being able to treat any damage early reduces In 2009, Newcastle became the first place caught early and treated. Easier, more accessible the chance of people losing any vision. in the UK where diabetes is no longer the screening methods allow us to do just that. With leading cause of blindness in the working And by making the service mobile, more the support of Diabetes UK, we’re seeing the age population [6]. That effect has now spread people could be screened and referred for impact of this work on the lives of people with across the UK. treatment if they needed it. diabetes across the world.” The results showed that this eye screening Professor Roy Taylor, method for people with diabetes was far more Newcastle University practical and effective than other methods. 8 | Changing lives together Changing lives together | 9 1999 2003 We’re stopping Who, where and when Name: Collaborative Atorvastatin heart attacks Diabetes Study (CARDS) and strokes Research Professors Helen Colhoun leaders: and John Betteridge Where: University of Edinburgh, University College London When: 1999 – 2003 Impact: Statins now used to improve health of people with Type 2 diabetes Having diabetes more than doubles someone’s risk of experiencing a heart attack, heart failure or a stroke. One in four people admitted to hospital The results were so clear that the decision was with these cardiovascular complications made to end CARDS two years early so that has diabetes. everyone on the trial could benefit from [7] In 2003, research we funded found that the drug . statins – a cholesterol-lowering drug – could Preventing one heart attack or stroke means reduce the risk of people with Type 2 diabetes that a life is saved or not turned upside down. experiencing a heart attack or stroke. A family free from the trauma of suddenly losing The nationwide trial, called CARDS (Collaborative a loved one.
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