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Trading in Foreign Exchange Markets
Trading in Foreign Exchange Markets Four Essays on the Microstructure of Foreign Exchange Dagfinn Rime Dissertation for the Degree of Dr. Polit. in the Norwegian School of Management BI’s Doctoral Program in collaboration with the University of Oslo. Series of Dissertations 2/2001 Norwegian School of Management BI Department of Economics Dafinn Rime: Trading in Foreign Exchange Markets: Four Essays on the Microstructure of Foreign Exchange ã Dagfinn Rime 2001 Series of Dissertations 2/2001 ISBN: 82-7042-432-3 ISSN: 1502-2099 Norwegian School of Management BI P.O.B. 580 N-1302 Sandvika Phone: +47 67 55 70 00 Printing: Nordberg Hurtigtrykk To be ordered from: Juul Møller Bøker Phone: +47 67 55 74 51 Fax: +47 67 55 74 50 Mail: [email protected] CONTENTS 1 Overview and Introduction 1 2 FX Trading . LIVE! Dealer Behavior and Trading Systems in Foreign Exchange Markets 25 3 Customer Trading and Information in Foreign Exchange Markets 63 4 Private or Public Information in Foreign Exchange Markets? An Empirical Analysis101 5 U.S. Exchange Rates and Currency Flows 149 iii iv CONTENTS PREFACE Writing this dissertations has been like a long journey. In the beginning everything was new and exciting, with plenty of paths to follow, all leading down to the Great Big Beach of Doctoral Courses. Down at the beach I met this really cool guy (Geir), and after a couple of beers and deciding on a topic, I felt like I was cruising in a red Ferrari on the Highway to Completion. However, that was only in my too optimistic mind. -
Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity
FR 3036 OMB No. 7100-0285 Hours per Response: 55.0 Approval expires: May 31, 2022 Instructions for the Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity Turnover Survey April 2019 FR 3036 OMB No. 7100-0285 This report is authorized by law (12 U.S.C. §§ 225a and 263). Your voluntary cooperation in submitting this report is needed to make the results comprehensive, accurate and timely. The Federal Reserve may not conduct or sponsor, and an organization is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The Federal Reserve System regards the individual institution information provided by each respondent as confidential [5 U.S.C. §552(b)(4)]. If it should be determine d that any information collected on this form must be released, other than in the aggregate in ways that will not reveal the amounts reported by any one institution, respondents will be notified. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to be 55 hours per response, including time to gather and maintain data in the proper form, to review instructions and to complete the information collection. Send comments regarding this burden estimate to: Secretary, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 20th and C Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20551; and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project, (7100-0285), Washington, DC 20503. Turnover Survey FR 3036 April 2019 Instructions A. Introduction These instructions cover the turnover part of the survey. The turnover part of the survey will be conducted on a locational basis. -
LECTURE 1 (Chapter 1 & 2 Introduction and Structure of Derivative Markets)
INTRODUCTION TO DERIVATIVES Prof. C. Droussiotis LECTURE 1 (Chapter 1 & 2 Introduction and Structure of Derivative Markets) The “Greeks” in Investment & Option Analysis A romantic poem written by Professor Droussiotis A positive ALPHA is all you need A measurable SIGMA is all you seek Know your BETA, DELTA & GAMMA And you won’t have any problems capturing LAMBDA Too much THETA will drill you But a little EPSILON, IOTA and ETA could kill you Since your investors depend on you Hope to bring them zero RHO and infinite MU Let, Alpha (α) is the rate of return beyond the value of the market’s average return. Beta (β) is the volatility of the rate of return versus the market’s average return. Underlying Sigma (σ) is the standard deviation from the average rate of returns over a specific period of Asset time. Mu (μ) is the expected return Delta (Δ) is the change in the price of the underlying asset to the corresponding change in the price of a derivative - sometimes referred to as the "hedge ratio". Lambda (λ) is ratio that measures option volatility. Gamma (γ) is the change of the derivative value of the investment as compared to the change Option of the underlying investment value over time -second derivative to Delta. Rho (ρ) is the rate at which the price of a derivative changes relative to a change in the risk-free rate of interest. Rho measures the sensitivity of an option or options portfolio to a change in interest rate. Theta (θ) is a measure of the rate of time premium decay. -
Schedule Rc-L – Derivatives and Off-Balance Sheet Items
FFIEC 031 and 041 RC-L – DERIVATIVES AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET SCHEDULE RC-L – DERIVATIVES AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS General Instructions Schedule RC-L should be completed on a fully consolidated basis. In addition to information about derivatives, Schedule RC-L includes the following selected commitments, contingencies, and other off-balance sheet items that are not reportable as part of the balance sheet of the Report of Condition (Schedule RC). Among the items not to be reported in Schedule RC-L are contingencies arising in connection with litigation. For those asset-backed commercial paper program conduits that the reporting bank consolidates onto its balance sheet (Schedule RC) in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 46 (Revised), any credit enhancements and liquidity facilities the bank provides to the programs should not be reported in Schedule RC-L. In contrast, for conduits that the reporting bank does not consolidate, the bank should report the credit enhancements and liquidity facilities it provides to the programs in the appropriate items of Schedule RC-L. Item Instructions Item No. Caption and Instructions 1 Unused commitments. Report in the appropriate subitem the unused portions of commitments to make or purchase extensions of credit in the form of loans or participations in loans, lease financing receivables, or similar transactions. Exclude commitments that meet the definition of a derivative and must be accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No. 133, which should be reported in Schedule RC-L, item 12. Report the unused portions of all credit card lines in item 1.b. Report in items 1.a and 1.c through 1.e the unused portions of commitments for which the bank has charged a commitment fee or other consideration, or otherwise has a legally binding commitment. -
Chapter 19 Futures and Options
M19_MCNA8932_01_SE_C19.indd Page 1 07/02/14 9:15 PM f-w-155-user ~/Desktop/7:2:2014/Mcnally Chapter 19 Futures and Options LEARNING OBJECTIVES | LO1 | LO2 | LO3 | LO4 | LO5 | LO6 Understand the Understand futures Describe how Understand Understand the Understand basics of forward contracts, how futures are used option contracts payoffs to options intrinsic value contracts. futures are traded, to hedge price and how options contracts. and time value. and the payoffs to risk. are traded. futures contracts. M19_MCNA8932_01_SE_C19.indd Page 2 07/02/14 9:15 PM f-w-155-user ~/Desktop/7:2:2014/Mcnally Futures and Options History of Futures and Options Introduction Futures and options are derivative contracts . The term “derivative” is used because the price of a future or option is derived from the price (level) of an underlying asset (variable). The Explain It video presents an overview of the derivatives, markets, and some of the assets (variables) underlying Chicago Mercantile Exchange futures and options contracts. In this chapter, we introduce derivatives as tools that companies use to reduce price risk . An action that reduces price risk is called a hedge. We will focus on hedging with derivatives. An action that increases price risk is called speculating. Speculators accept price risk in the hope of making a profi t. The derivatives markets are a place where hedgers pass their price risk off to speculators. The Explain It video provides a simple example of a business using a derivative (a futures contract) to hedge a price risk. Also in this chapter, we will provide the detail that you need to fully understand the profi ts of a futures transaction. -
Product Specific Contract Terms and Eligibility Criteria Manual
PRODUCT SPECIFIC CONTRACT TERMS AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA MANUAL CONTENTS Page SCHEDULE 1 REPOCLEAR ................................................................................................... 3 Part A Repoclear Contract Terms: Repoclear Contracts arising from Repoclear Transactions, Repo Trades or Bond Trades .......................................................... 3 Part B Product Eligibility Criteria for Registration of a RepoClear Contract ................... 9 Part C Repoclear Term £GC Contract Terms: Repoclear term £GC Contracts Arising From Repoclear Term £GC Transactions Or Term £GC Trades ........................ 12 Part D Product Eligibility Criteria for Registration of a RepoClear Term £GC Contract ............................................................................................................................. 19 SCHEDULE 2 SWAPCLEAR ................................................................................................ 21 Part A Swapclear Contract Terms ................................................................................... 21 Part B Product Eligibility Criteria for Registration of a SwapClear Contract ................ 36 SCHEDULE 3 EQUITYCLEAR ............................................................................................. 46 Part A EquityClear (Equities) Contract Terms ................................................................ 46 Part B EquityClear Eligible (Equities) ............................................................................ 48 Part C EquityClear -
Foreign Exchange Training Manual
CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED BY BARCLAYS SOURCE: LEHMAN LIVE LEHMAN BROTHERS FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRAINING MANUAL Confidential Treatment Requested By Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. LBEX-LL 3356480 CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED BY BARCLAYS SOURCE: LEHMAN LIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... PAGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE SPOT: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 FXSPOT: AN INTRODUCTION TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE SPOT TRANSACTIONS ........... 2 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 2 WJ-IAT IS AN OUTRIGHT? ..................................................................................................... 3 VALUE DATES ........................................................................................................................... 4 CREDIT AND SETTLEMENT RISKS .................................................................................. 6 EXCHANGE RATE QUOTATION TERMS ...................................................................... 7 RECIPROCAL QUOTATION TERMS (RATES) ............................................................. 10 EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS ................................................................................... 11 SHORTCUT ............................................................................................................................... -
The Dynamics of Commodity Spot and Future Markets
The Dynamics of Commodity Spot and Futures Markets: A Primer Robert S. pindyck* I discuss the short-run dynamics of commodity prices, production, and inventories, as well as the sources and effects of market volatility. I explain how prices, rates of production, ana’ inventory levels are interrelated, and are determined via equilibrium in two interconnected markets: a cash market for spot purchases and sales of the commodity, and a market for storage. I show how equilibrium in these markets affects and is affected by changes in the level qf price volatility. I also explain the role and behavior of commodity futures markets, and the relationship between spot prices, futures prices, and inventoql behavior. I illustrate these ideas with data for the petroleum complex - crude oil, heating oil, and gasoline - over the past two decades. INTRODUCTION The markets for oil products, natural gas, and many other commodities are characterized by high levels of volatility. Prices and inventory levels fluctuate considerably from week to week, in part predictably (e.g., due to seasonal shifts in demand) and in part unpredictably. Furthermore, levels of volatility themselves vary over time. This paper discusses the short-run dynamics of commodity prices, production, and inventories, as well as the sources and effects of market volatility. I explain how prices, rates of production, and inventory levels are interrelated, and are determined via equilibrium in two interconnected markets: a cash market for spot purchases and sales of the commodity, and a market for storage. I also explain how equilibrium in these markets affects and is affected by changes in the level of price volatility. -
Financial Services Guide As Amended, Supplemented Or Updated from Time to Time
Ingenuity that bridges you with the global marketplace Product Disclosure Statement November 24, 2016 | Version 1.3 Issuer: Cambridge Mercantile (Australia) Pty. Ltd. (ACN 126642448) Address: Suite 13.02, Level 13, 35 Clarence Street Sydney, NSW, Australia Web: www.cambridgefx.com.au Phone: 1300 553 140 Fax: (02) 9262 1522 Email: [email protected] Australian Financial Services Licence Number: 351278 Table of Contents 1. Key Information – pg. 3 2. Spot Contracts – pg. 4 3. Forward Contracts – pg. 5 4. Non-Deliverable Forwards – pg. 8 5. Bids (or Market Orders) –pg. 11 6. Options –pg. 13 7. Significant benefits common to all our products –pg.20 8. Significant risks common to all our products –pg. 20 9. Are there any credit requirements prior transacting? –pg. 21 10.How we are paid, and what are the product costs? –pg. 22 11.Terms and Conditions –pg. 22 12.Providing instructions by telephone –pg. 23 13.How we handle your money –pg. 23 14.Client Monies –pg. 23 15.Stopping or cancelling a payment –pg. 23 16.Tax implications –pg. 24 17.What are our different roles? –pg. 24 18.How do we handle your personal information? –pg. 24 19.Would you like more information? –pg. 24 20.What should you do if you have a complaint? –pg. 24 21.Glossary –pg. 25 2 Cambridge | Product Disclosure Statement | 24 - 11 - 2016 1. Key Information Cambridge Mercantile (Australia) Pty. Ltd. [ACN 126642448 and Australian Financial Services License 351278] (Cambridge, us, we, our) is the issuer of the products described in this Product Disclosure Statement (PDS). -
An Empirical Study of the Foreign-Exchange Market: Test of a Theory
PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE NO. 20 An Empirical Study of the Foreign-Exchange Market: Test of a Theory Fred R. Glahe INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY • 1967 PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Tms is the twentieth number in the series PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTER- NATIONAL FINANCE, published from time to time by the International Finance Section of the Department of Economics at Princeton Uni- versity. The author, Fred R. Glahe, is Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Colorado. An article of his, "Professional and Nonprofessional Speculation, Profitability, and Stability," appeared in the July 1966 issue of THE SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL. This series is intended to be restricted to meritorious research studies in the general field of international financial problems, which are too technical, too specialized, or too long to qualify as ESSAYS. The Section welcomes the submission of manuscripts for this series. While the Section sponsors the STUDIES, the writers are free to de- velop their topics as they will. Their ideas and treatment may or may not be shared by the editorial cominittee of the Section or the members of the Department. FErsrz MACHLUP Director Princeton University PRINCETON STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE NO. 20 An Empirical Study of the Foreign-Exchange Market: Test of a Theory by Fred R. Glahe INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1967 Copyright © 1967, by International Finance Section Department of Economics Princeton University L.C. Card 67-24455 Printed in the United States of America by Princeton University Press at Princeton, New Jersey CONTENTS Page 1. -
Freely Floating Exchange Rates Do Not Systematically Overshoot
UC Santa Barbara Departmental Working Papers Title Freely Floating Exchange Rates Do Not Systematically Overshoot Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97m8z6hw Author Pippenger, John Publication Date 2008-02-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Freely Floating Exchange Rates Do Not Systematically Overshoot John Pippenger Department of Economics University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 [email protected] The exchange rate literature contains two inconsistent strands. There is a large theoretical and empirical literature on overshooting. In that literature overshooting is an important explanation for exchange rate volatility. A separate literature says that exchange rates are martingales and that models do not beat a random walk. Both can not be true. I show that the evidence for overshooting is highly suspect while the evidence that flexible exchange rates are approximately martingales is rock solid. Given the strength of the evidence, models that imply overshooting probably should be rejected out of hand. 11 February 2008 JEL Classification numbers: F3, F31 Keywords: overshooting, exchange rates, volatility, martingales The literature on exchange rates contains two mutually inconsistent strands. On the one hand there is a large theoretical and empirical literature on overshooting.1 According to that literature, overshooting is an important explanation for the volatility of exchange rates. On the other hand a large literature says that exchange rates are essentially martingales and that economic models cannot beat a random walk out of sample.2 Both of these strands can not be true. They are not both true. As shown below, the evidence for overshooting is highly suspect. -
1. Absolute Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) 2. Adaptive Expectations A
1. Absolute Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) 2. Adaptive Expectations A model of price behavior in which expectations of the future spot price are formed from a weighted average of the current spot price and lagged expected prices. 3. Agency Theory A theory of firms that deals with the conflict of interest between managers and stockholders. 4. Agent Bank A bank appointed in a syndicated credit to oversee the loan. 5. Allocational Efficiency A state in which resource allocation is optimal and further rearrangement of resources would not improve economic welfare. 6. American Option An option that can be exercised at any time prior to the contract's expiration date. 7. Amortizing Swap A swap designed to allow a floating rate borrower with a pre-set amortization schedule to swap against fixed rate interest. 8. Announcement Day The day on which a new issue of bonds is publicly announced, with invitation faxes sent out to prospective underwriters and sellers. 9. Appreciation An increase in the market value of a currency with respect to a second currency or a real asset. The term is used in reference to a market price as opposed to an official price or par value. 10. Arbitrage The simultaneous purchase and sale or lending and borrowing of two assets in order to profit from a price disparity. 11. Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) A theory of asset pricing in which relative pricing on a set of assets adheres to a specific return-generating process. 12. Arm's Length Price The price that would prevail between unrelated parties. 13.