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Atomic Mass ƒ 4.6 – Electron Energy Levels Chapter 4 ƒ 4.7 – Electron Configurations ƒ 4.8 – Trends in Periodic Properties

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Atomic Mass ƒ 4.6 – Electron Energy Levels Chapter 4 ƒ 4.7 – Electron Configurations ƒ 4.8 – Trends in Periodic Properties Lecture Presentation 4.1 – Elements and Symbols 4.2 – The Periodic Table 4.3 – The Atom 4.4 – Atomic Number and Mass Number 4.5 – Isotopes and Atomic Mass 4.6 – Electron Energy Levels Chapter 4 4.7 – Electron Configurations 4.8 – Trends in Periodic Properties General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Elements: are pure substances from which all other things are built. are listed on the periodic table. Goal : Given its name, write its correct symbol; from the symbol. Write the correct name. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Element names come from planets, mythological figures, Chemical symbols minerals, colors, geographic locations, and famous people. Carbon, C • represent the names of the elements. • consist of one to two letters and start with a capital letter. One-Letter Symbols Two-Letter Symbols C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogen Ca calcium F fluorine Al aluminum O oxygen Mg magnesium General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake Write the correct chemical symbols for each of the following elements: A. iodine B. iron C. magnesium D. zinc E. nitrogen General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Give the names of the elements with the following symbols: Mercury (Hg) Is a silvery, shiny element that is liquid at room A. P temperature. B. Al C. Mn Can enter the body by: mercury vapor inhalation D. H contact with the skin E. K ingestion of water or food contaminated with mercury Once mercury has entered the body, it destroys proteins, disrupts cell function. Long-term exposure can Damage the brain and kidneys Cause mental retardation Decrease physical development General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake Mercury contamination comes from • industrial wastes. 4.1 – Elements and Symbols • fish and seafood. 4.2 – The Periodic Table • batteries. 4.3 – The Atom • compact fluorescent bulbs. 4.4 – Atomic Number and Mass Number 4.5 – Isotopes and Atomic Mass 4.6 – Electron Energy Levels 4.7 – Electron Configurations 4.8 – Trends in Periodic Properties Fish absorb mercury. Big fish eat lots of small fish, end up with more mercury. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake The Periodic Table The periodic table organizes 118 elements into groups with similar properties and places them in order of increasing atomic mass. Goal : Use the periodic table to identify the group and the period of an element; identify the element as a metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Groups and Periods Groups and Periods Group numbers are written at the top of each vertical column (1-18). In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to properties. Vertical columns Periods are represent groups of numbered elements 1-7 and horizontal rows represent periods. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids The heavy zigzag line separates metals and nonmetals. Silver Metals (Metal) Nonmetals • Metals are located to the left. Solid at room temp Dull (not shiny / ) • Nonmetals are located to the right. Exception: mercury brittle • Metalloids are located along the heavy zigzag line. Shiny! Not ductile Ductile (shaped into wires) Not malleable Malleable (hammered Poor conductors flat into sheets) Low melting points Good conductors Low densities (many are High melting points gasses at room temp.) Antimony Sulfur (metalloid) (nonmetal) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Metalloids have a combination of metal and nonmetal properties. Characteristics of Metalloids Silver (Metal) Metalloids, located along the heavy zigzag line on the periodic table exhibit properties of metals and nonmetals. • are better conductors than nonmetals but not as good as metals. • are used as semiconductors and insulators, because they can be modified to function as conductors or insulators. Antimony Sulfur (metalloid) (nonmetal) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Study Check Study Check List all of the elements that match the B. nonmetals in Group 15 description. Bi, N, P, As, Sb Identify each of the following elements as a A. metals in Group 14 C. metalloids in Group 14 metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid: Sn, Pb, C, Si, Ge C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb A. sodium B. chlorine C. silicon D. iron E. carbon General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Group Names Alkali Metals Group 1, the alkali metals, includes the following: Soft • lithium (Li) Shiny Good • sodium (Na) conductors • potassium (K) Low melting • rubidium (Rb) points React • cesium (Cs) vigorously with • Francium (Fr) water! General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake Alkaline Earth Metals Halogens Group 2 elements, the alkaline Group 17, the halogens, earth metals, are shiny but not as includes the following: reactive as Group 1A metals. They • fluorine (F) include the following: • chlorine (Cl) • beryllium (Be) • bromine (Br) • magnesium (Mg) • iodine (I) • calcium (Ca) • astatine (At) • strontium (Sr) • barium (Ba) • radium (Ra) Strontium gives the red color in fireworks. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake Noble Gases Study Check Group 18, the noble Identify the element described by each of the following gases, include: groups and periods: Helium (He) 1. Group 17, Period 4 Neon (Ne) 2. Group 2, Period 3 Argon (Ar) Krypton (Kr) 3. Group 15, Period 2 Xenon (Xe) Radon (Rn) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake FYI: Elements Essential to Health Of all the elements, 23 are essential for the well-being and survival of the human body. 4.1 – Elements and Symbols 4.2 –The Periodic Table 4.3 – The Atom 4.4 – Atomic Number and Mass Number 4.5 – Isotopes and Atomic Mass 4.6 – Electron Energy Levels 4.7 – Electron Configurations 4.8 – Trends in Periodic Properties General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake The Atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element. Aluminum foil contains atoms of aluminum. Goal : Describe the electrical charge and location in an atom for a proton, a neutron, and an electron General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Atoms are made of subatomic particles Atoms are made of subatomic particles Atoms contain the following Atoms contain the following subatomic particles: subatomic particles: • protons have a positive (+) charge • Protons • neutrons have no charge (neutral) • Neutrons • electrons have a negative (-) charge • Electrons General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake Structure of the Atom Structure of the Atom An atom consists of a nucleus, located in the center of the atom, that contains protons and neutrons and represents most of the mass of an atom. electrons that occupy a large, empty space around the nucleus. In an atom, the protons and neutrons that make up almost all the mass are Protons – positive charge packed into the tiny volume of the nucleus. The rapidly moving electrons Neutrons – neutral (negative charge) surround the nucleus and account for the large volume Electrons – negative charge of the atom. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Karen C. Timberlake Dalton’s Atomic Theory Mass of the
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