Pope John I 1 Pope John I

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pope John I 1 Pope John I Pope John I 1 Pope John I Pope Saint John I Papacy began 13 August 523 Papacy ended 18 May 526 Predecessor Hormisdas Successor Felix IV Personal details Born 470 Tuscany Died 18 May 526 Ravenna, Ostrogothic Kingdom Sainthood Feast day 18 May Other popes named John Pope John I (Latin: Ioannes I; 470 – 18 May 526) was Pope from 13 August 523 to his death in 526. He was a native of Siena (or the "Castello di Serena"), near Chiusdino, in Italy. He is the first pope known to have visited Constantinople while in office. While a deacon in Rome, he is known to have been a partisan of the Antipope Laurentius, for in a libellus written to Pope Symmachus in 506, John confessed his error in opposing him, condemned Peter of Altinum and Laurentius, and begged pardon of Symmachus. He would then be the "Deacon John" who signed the acta (ecclesiastic publication) of the Roman synod of 499 and 502; the fact the Roman church only had seven deacons at the time makes identifying him with this person very likely.[1] He may also be the "Deacon John" to whom Boethius, the 6th-Century philosopher, dedicated three of his five religious tractates, or treatises, written between 512 and 520.[2] John was very frail when he was elected to the papacy as Pope John I. Despite his protests, Pope John was sent by the Arian King Theodoric the Great--ruler of the Ostrogoths, a kingdom in present-day Italy--to Constantinople to secure a moderation of a decree against the Arians, issued in 523, of Emperor Justin, ruler of the Byzantine, or East Roman, Empire. King Theodoric threatened that if John should fail in his mission, there would be reprisals against the orthodox, or non-Arian, Catholics in the West. John proceeded to Constantinople with a considerable entourage: his religious companions included Bishop Ecclesius of Ravenna, Bishop Eusebius of Fanum Fortunae, and Sabinus of Campania.[3] His secular companions were the senators Flavius Theodorus, Inportunus, Agapitus, and the patrician Agapitus.[4] Pope John I 2 Emperor Justin is recorded as receiving John honorably and promised to do everything the embassy asked of him, with the exception of restoring converts from Arianism-to-Catholicism to their original beliefs.[5] Although John was successful in his mission, when he returned to Ravenna, Theodoric's capital in Italy, Theodoric had John arrested on the suspicion of having conspired with Emperor Justin. John was imprisoned at Ravenna, where he died of neglect and ill treatment. His body was transported to Rome and buried in the Basilica of St. Peter. The Liber Pontificalis credits John with making repairs to the cemetery of the martyrs Nereus and Achilleus on the Via Ardeatina, that of Saints Felix and Adauctus, and the cemetery of Priscilla.[6] Pope John I is depicted in art as looking through the bars of a prison or imprisoned with a deacon and a subdeacon. He is venerated at Ravenna and in Tuscany. His feast day is 18 May, the anniversary of the day of his death (whereas it had formerly been 27 May).[7] References [1] John Moorhead, "The Last Years of Theoderic", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte (http:/ / www. jstor. org/ stable/ 4435834), 32 (1983), p. 113 [2] This identification was first proposed by E.K. Rand in 1928, and recently defended by Moorhead, "Last years", p. 113 [3] Anonymus Valesianus, 15.90; translated by J.C. Rolfe, Ammianus Marcellinus (Harvard: Loeb Classical Library, 1972), vol. 3 p. 565 [4] Raymond Davis (translator), The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis), first edition (Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press, 1989), p. 49 [5] Anonymus Valesianus, 15.91; translated by J.C. Rolfe, vol. 3 p. 565 [6] Raymond Davis, The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis), p. 50 [7] Patron Saints Index: (http:/ / saints. sqpn. com/ saintj37. htm) "Pope Saint John I" (last accessed 23 October 2011) External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ioannes I. Wikisource has the text of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article Pope St. John I. Catholic Church titles Preceded by Pope Succeeded by Hormisdas 523–526 Felix IV Article Sources and Contributors 3 Article Sources and Contributors Pope John I Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=615142925 Contributors: 1297, Acroterion, Adam Bishop, Aldux, AlexiusHoratius, Alphachimp, Andrew Gray, Angela, Angeldeb82, Attilios, Bacura101, BadgerHunter, Bazj, Bede735, Berasategui, Brackena, Briaboru, Caiaffa, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Capricorn42, Cplakidas, D6, Denny, Dimadick, Docu, DrKiernan, Dtobias, Elizium23, Esoglou, Evensteven, Exert, FeanorStar7, Funandtrvl, Good Olfactory, GoodDay, GrahamHardy, HenkvD, Ice Cold Beer, JASpencer, JamesReyes, Jaraalbe, JeLuF, John K, Jonel, Kask, Khoikhoi, Kiril Simeonovski, Knowledgeum, Ktsquare, Kummi, Kurowoofwoof111, Lectonar, Llywrch, Lord Emsworth, Ludi, Malo, Materialscientist, Matthewdgonzalez, Necrothesp, Numbo3, Owen, Philip Stevens, Redf0x, Roy Al Blue, Savidan, Scwlong, Shoessss, Snowdog, SpellingGuru, Stebunik, Stephenb, Stmoose, Syyrah, The Rogue Penguin, Theology10101, TridiaChaplain, Unixbytes90, Unschool, Unyoyega, Vanished user ewfisn2348tui2f8n2fio2utjfeoi210r39jf, Vargenau, Vlastimil Svoboda, Vrok, WOSlinker, Waacstats, Yamamoto Ichiro, Zoe, 79 anonymous edits Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors File:Papa Ioannes I.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Papa_Ioannes_I.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Artaud de Montor, Alexis François Image:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Commons-logo.svg License: logo Contributors: Anomie Image:Wikisource-logo.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wikisource-logo.svg License: logo Contributors: ChrisiPK, Guillom, INeverCry, Jarekt, Leyo, MichaelMaggs, NielsF, Rei-artur, Rocket000, Steinsplitter License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Recommended publications
  • Journeys to Byzantium? Roman Senators Between Rome and Constantinople
    Journeys to Byzantium? Roman Senators Between Rome and Constantinople Master’s Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michael Anthony Carrozzo, B.A Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Thesis Committee: Kristina Sessa, Advisor Timothy Gregory Anthony Kaldellis Copyright by Michael Anthony Carrozzo 2010 Abstract For over a thousand years, the members of the Roman senatorial aristocracy played a pivotal role in the political and social life of the Roman state. Despite being eclipsed by the power of the emperors in the first century BC, the men who made up this order continued to act as the keepers of Roman civilization for the next four hundred years, maintaining their traditions even beyond the disappearance of an emperor in the West. Despite their longevity, the members of the senatorial aristocracy faced an existential crisis following the Ostrogothic conquest of the Italian peninsula, when the forces of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I invaded their homeland to contest its ownership. Considering the role they played in the later Roman Empire, the disappearance of the Roman senatorial aristocracy following this conflict is a seminal event in the history of Italy and Western Europe, as well as Late Antiquity. Two explanations have been offered to explain the subsequent disappearance of the Roman senatorial aristocracy. The first involves a series of migrations, beginning before the Gothic War, from Italy to Constantinople, in which members of this body abandoned their homes and settled in the eastern capital.
    [Show full text]
  • Ut Unum Sint
    ENCYCLICAL LETTER UT UNUM SINT OF THE SUPREME PONTIFF JOHN PAUL II ON COMMITMENT TO ECUMENISM 25 May 1995 INTRODUCTION 1. Ut unum sint! The call for Christian unity made by the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council with such impassioned commitment is finding an ever greater echo in the hearts of believers, especially as the Year 2000 approaches, a year which Christians will celebrate as a sacred Jubilee, the commemoration of the Incarnation of the Son of God, who became man in order to save humanity. The courageous witness of so many martyrs of our century, including members of Churches and Ecclesial Communities not in full communion with the Catholic Church, gives new vigor to the Council’s call and reminds us of our duty to listen to and put into practice its exhortation. These brothers and sisters of ours, united in the selfless offering of their lives for the Kingdom of God, are the most powerful proof that every factor of division can be transcended and overcome in the total gift of self for the sake of the Gospel. Christ calls all his disciples to unity. My earnest desire is to renew this call today, to propose it once more with determination, repeating what I said at the Roman Coliseum on Good Friday 1994, at the end of the meditation on the Via Crucis prepared by my Venerable Brother Bartholomew, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. There I stated that believers in Christ, united in following in the footsteps of the martyrs, cannot remain divided. If they wish truly and effectively to oppose the world’s tendency to reduce to powerlessness the Mystery of Redemption, they must profess together the same truth about the Cross.1 The Cross! An anti-Christian outlook seeks to minimize the Cross, to empty it of its meaning, and to deny that in it man has the source of his new life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Edictum Theoderici: a Study of a Roman Legal Document from Ostrogothic Italy
    The Edictum Theoderici: A Study of a Roman Legal Document from Ostrogothic Italy By Sean D.W. Lafferty A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Sean D.W. Lafferty 2010 The Edictum Theoderici: A Study of a Roman Legal Document from Ostrogothic Italy Sean D.W. Lafferty Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2010 Abstract This is a study of a Roman legal document of unknown date and debated origin conventionally known as the Edictum Theoderici (ET). Comprised of 154 edicta, or provisions, in addition to a prologue and epilogue, the ET is a significant but largely overlooked document for understanding the institutions of Roman law, legal administration and society in the West from the fourth to early sixth century. The purpose is to situate the text within its proper historical and legal context, to understand better the processes involved in the creation of new law in the post-Roman world, as well as to appreciate how the various social, political and cultural changes associated with the end of the classical world and the beginning of the Middle Ages manifested themselves in the domain of Roman law. It is argued here that the ET was produced by a group of unknown Roman jurisprudents working under the instructions of the Ostrogothic king Theoderic the Great (493-526), and was intended as a guide for settling disputes between the Roman and Ostrogothic inhabitants of Italy. A study of its contents in relation to earlier Roman law and legal custom preserved in imperial decrees and juristic commentaries offers a revealing glimpse into how, and to what extent, Roman law survived and evolved in Italy following the decline and eventual collapse of imperial authority in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anti-Catholic Bible – Part I the Anti‐Catholic Bible
    The Anti-Catholic Bible – Part I The Anti‐Catholic Bible Loraine Boettner was a member of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church in the first part of the 20th century – and an anti‐Catholic of the highest order. In 1962, he wrote a book called “Roman Catholicism”, which quickly became THE authoritative source for Protestant clergy regarding all things Catholic. The problem is that MOST of it is simply false. The following list of “Catholic Inventions” is taken right out of Boettner’s deeply flawed and defamatory book. He plays fast and loose with the facts and dates in his vilifying diatribe against the Church. It’s disturbing that in this day of so much available information, many non‐ Catholic groups still use this bogus list to find fault with the Catholic Church – never investigating the fact that most of its claims are patently false, petty and embarrassingly ignorant. This list or variations of it on can be found on many anti‐Catholic websites and literature. The Anti‐Catholic Bible (cont’d) Boettner wanted to cast a negative light on the disciplines introduced by the Catholic Church and doctrines declared. He wanted to show that they were nothing more than man‐made “inventions” because they were not explicitly taught in the Bible. As you will see, he was dead wrong. The doctrinal and dogmatic decrees made by the Church are Scripturally‐based while other matters of discipline were declared to accommodate the needs of the growing worldwide Church. Aside from Boettner’s attacks being false, it is interesting to note that Protestants have also added some of their own traditions such as altar calls, individual interpretation of Scripture, the withholding of baptism from infants and Sola Scriptura that have no basis in Scripture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Senate and the Politics of Religion in the Collectio Avellana (IV-VI Century AD)1
    The Roman Senate and the Politics of Religion in the Collectio Avellana (IV-VI Century AD)1 Guido Clemente The purpose of this article is to analyze the evidence contained in the Collectio Avellana on the Roman senate, both on the institution and on individual senators. Its scope is thus limited, but it may nonetheless shed new light on a number of episodes which saw the senate play a role in the complex situation in which the other main actors were the church, the emperors of East and West, and in the end the Gothic kings of Italy. More than that, it enables us to define the changing role of the body in relation to religious matters: in the fourth century the senate had no direct involvement in doctrinal matters, although it included in its members both pagans and Christians; the dispute about the new religion did not affect the working of the assembly, or did it only marginally; from the first decades of the fifth, in a short time, the senate became deeply involved in disputes about church affairs, and more or less directly in matters of doctrine. The Christianization of the empire and the rise of the bishopric of Rome meant a dramatic change in the attitude of the senatorial assembly and its members toward religion and religious politics. The new attitude diverged markedly from the traditional view of the Roman aristocracy that was based on the assumption that the Capitoline religion was embedded into the life of the empire without having any influence on the beliefs of individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Popes in History
    popes in history medals by Ľudmila Cvengrošová text by Mons . Viliam Judák Dear friends, Despite of having long-term experience in publishing in other areas, through the AXIS MEDIA company I have for the first time entered the environment of medal production. There have been several reasons for this decision. The topic going beyond the borders of not only Slovakia but the ones of Europe as well. The genuine work of the academic sculptress Ľudmila Cvengrošová, an admirable and nice artist. The fine text by the Bishop Viliam Judák. The “Popes in history” edition in this range is a unique work in the world. It proves our potential to offer a work eliminating borders through its mission. Literally and metaphorically, too. The fabulous processing of noble metals and miniatures produced with the smallest details possible will for sure attract the interest of antiquarians but also of those interested in this topic. Although this is a limited edition I am convinced that it will be provided to everybody who wants to commemorate significant part of the historical continuity and Christian civilization. I am pleased to have become part of this unique project, and I believe that whether the medals or this lovely book will present a good message on us in the world and on the world in us. Ján KOVÁČIK AXIS MEDIA 11 Celebrities grown in the artist’s hands There is one thing we always know for sure – that by having set a target for himself/herself an artist actually opens a wonderful world of invention and creativity. In the recent years the academic sculptress and medal maker Ľudmila Cvengrošová has devoted herself to marvellous group projects including a precious cycle of male and female monarchs of the House of Habsburg crowned at the St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
    http://www.servantofmessiah.org THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE http://www.servantofmessiah.org THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE James W. Ermatinger Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Ancient World Bella Vivante, Series Editor GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London http://www.servantofmessiah.org Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ermatinger, James William, 1959– The decline and fall of the Roman Empire / by James W. Ermatinger. p. cm.—(Greenwood guides to historic events of the ancient world) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–32692–4 (alk. paper) 1. Rome—History—Empire, 284–476. 2. Rome—History—Germanic Invasions, 3rd–6th centuries. I. Title. II. Series. DG311.E75 2004 937'.09–dc22 2004014674 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2004 by James W. Ermatinger All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004014674 ISBN: 0–313–32692–4 First published in 2004 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 Copyright Acknowledgment The author and publisher gratefully acknowledge permission for use of the following material: From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader, edited and translated by Alexander Callander Murray (Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press, 2000). Copyright © 2000 by Alexander Callander Murray.
    [Show full text]
  • The Guilt of Boethius
    The Guilt of Boethius Nathan Basik Copyright © 2000 by Nathan Basik. All rights reserved. This document may be copied and circu- lated freely, in printed or digital form, provided only that this notice of copyright is included on all pages copied. 2 Introduction In the nineteenth century, Benjamin Jowett spent over thirty years translat- ing Plato’s Republic. That is an extreme example of perfectionism, but it helps us appreciate the magnitude (and the hubris) of the goal Boethius set for himself in the Introduction to his translation of Aristotle’s De Interpretatione: translating, analyzing, and reconciling the complete opera of Plato and Aristotle.1 As “incom- parably the greatest scholar and intellect of his day,”2 Boethius may have had the ability and the energy his ambition required. But we will never know how much Boethius would have achieved as a philosopher if he had not suffered a premature death. In 523, less than a year after being named Magister Officiorum3 by King Theodoric, Boethius was charged with treason, hastily and possibly illegally tried, and executed in 526.4 Since the contemporary sources of information about the affair are vague and fragmented, the passage of nearly 1500 years has brought no consensus in explaining Boethius’ tragic fall from a brilliant intellectual and political career. Though disagreement still shrouds the details of every aspect of the case, from indictment to execution, I will argue that Theodoric was fully justified in perceiving Boethius as a traitor. Claims that age or emotional passion or military pressures diminished the King’s judgment are, in this instance, unacceptable.
    [Show full text]
  • Food for the Soul's Journey Be an Ideal Person Follow the Leader Seguir Al
    5/17/2020 ©2020 Truequest Communications. PrepareTheWord.com. 01 May 2020 EASTER WEEKDAY Food for the soul’s journey What food does to the body is what the Eucharist does to the soul. It gives us energy, strength, defense against disease. It’s intimate, partaken in relationship, in family, in community. It’s a gift, shared in love. If you are what you eat, as the old saying goes, then it transforms us, makes us more like Christ. Finally, we take it with us, out of the church doors. In the words of Pope Benedict XVI: “We cannot approach the Eucharistic table without being drawn into the mission which, beginning in the very heart of God, is meant to reach all people.” Today's readings: Acts 9:1-20; John 6:52-59 (277 <http://www.usccb.org/bible/readings/050120.cfm> ); or Genesis 1:26—2:3 or Colossians 3:14-15, 17, 23-24; Matthew 13:54-58 (559 <http://cms.usccb. org/bible/readings/0501-memorial-joseph-worker.cfm> ). “Unless you eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink his Blood, you do not have life within you.” 02 May 2020 MEMORIAL OF ATHANASIUS, BISHOP, DOCTOR OF THE CHURCH Be an ideal person It can feel lonely to fight for an ideal, including some of the ideals that the church has spoken up for in recent years: immigrant rights, racial justice, dignity of life from womb to tomb. Today is a good day to find inspiration and support in a soulmate: Saint Athanasius, who spent much of his energy as a bishop in the fourth century defending our core belief in the divinity of Christ as the Word made flesh.
    [Show full text]
  • Coloma Catholic Life
    Series 2 Newsletter 32 16th May 2021 Coloma Catholic Life. Pope Francis Prayer Intention for May: The World of Finance. ‘Let us pray that those in charge of Laudato Si Week 16th – 24th May finance will work with governments This week is dedicated to celebrating the to regulate the financial sphere and encyclical written by Pope Francis, which is protect citizens from its danger.’ all about how we need to care for our Video: common home. To mark the 5th anniversary of the publication of the https://www.vaticannews.va/en/p Encyclical Laudato si', Pope Francis ope/news/2021-05/pope-francis- recorded a video message at the start of may-2021-prayer-intention- the special anniversary year. In it, he addresses Catholic communities sustainable-finance.html around the world. Tweet: ‘On the Feast of the https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-03/pope-francis- ascension, while we contemplate laudato-si-week.html Heaven, where Christ has ascended and sits at the right hand of the “What kind of world do we want to leave to those who will come after us, Father, let us ask Mary, queen of to children who are growing up?" Pope Francis asks in the video message. Heaven, to help us to be “Motivated by this question”, he says, “I would like to invite you to courageous witnesses to the Risen participate in Laudato Si' Week from 16-24 May 2020. It is a global campaign on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the encyclical One in the world, I the concrete letter Laudato si': On the care of our common home.” situations of our life.’ The Pope also renews his urgent call to respond to the ecological crisis: Liturgical Year “The cry of the earth and the cry of the poor cannot continue”, he says.
    [Show full text]
  • The Apostolic Succession of Anthony Alan “Mcpherson” Pearson of the Independent Catholic Church of North America
    Old Ca The Apostolic Succession of Anthony Alan “McPherson” Pearson of the Independent Catholic Church of North America Name & Nationality Date & Place of Election Abdication or Death (1) St. Peter the Apostle (Palestinian) 42? Rome 67? Rome Simon, know as peter or Kepha, “the Rock.” Corner of the Church. From Bethseda. Fisherman (2) St. Linus (Italian, Volterra) 67? Rome 78? Rome Student Apostle. Slave or freedman. (3) St. Cletus or Ancletus (Roman) 78? Rome Student Apostle. Freedman 90? Rome (4) St. Clement I (Roman) 90? Rome Student Apostle 99 Crimea (5) St. Evaristus (Greek. Bethlehem) 99? Rome 105? Rome (6) St. Alexander I (Roman) 105? Rome 115? Rome (7) St. Sixtus I (Roman) 115? Rome 125? Rome (8) St. Telesphorus (Greek Anchorite) 125? Rome 136? Rome (9) St. Hygimus (Greek. Athens) 136? Rome Philosopher 140? Rome (10) St. Pius I (Italian. Aquilegia) 140? Rome 155? Rome (11) St. Anicetus (Syrian. Anisa) 155? Rome 166? Rome (12) St. Soter (Italian. Fundi) 166? Rome 175 Rome (13) St. Eleutherius (Greek. Nicopolis) 175? Rome Deacon 189 Rome (14) St. Victor I (African Deacon) 189 Rome 199 Rome (15) St. Zephyrinus (Roman) 199 Rome 217 Rome (16) St. Callistus I (Roman Priest) 217 Rome Slave 222 Rome St. Hyppolitus (Roman Scholar) 217 Rome Anti-pope 235 Rome St. Hyppolitus asserted that Christ was the Son of God and had assumed a human form, rejecting the heresy which said the “God Himself became man through Christ.” Pope Callistus called Hyppolitus a “Two-God Man.” From St. Hyppolitus the Empire that was to precede the coming of the Antichrist was that of Rome.
    [Show full text]