DOCSLIB.ORG

COMETR Competitiveness Effects of Environmental Tax Reforms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
COMETR Competitiveness Effects of Environmental Tax Reforms &RPSHWLWLYHQHVV (IIHFWV RI (QYLURQPHQWDO 7D[ 5HIRUPV Publishable Final Report to the European Commission, DG Research and DG Taxation and Customs Union (Summary report) NERI, University of Aarhus (Denmark) Cambridge Econometrics (UK) ESRI (Ireland) IEEP, Univ. of Economics (Czech Republic) PSI (UK) WIIW (Austria) 2007 (& 6L[WK )UDPHZRUN 3URJUDPPH IRU 5HVHDUFK $FWLYLW\ $UHD 6FLHQWLILF 6XSSRUW WR 3ROLFLHV &RQWUDFWÃQRÃSCS8-CT-2004-501993 ,QVWUXPHQW Specific Targeted Research or Innovation Project 7KHPDWLFÃ3ULRULW\Ã8 - Underpinning European integration, sustainable development, competitiveness and trade policies (including improved means to assess economic development and cohesion) 3HULRGÃFRYHUHGÃEntire project durationÃ(month 1 – 30)Ã 'DWHÃRIÃSUHSDUDWLRQÃ31 August 2007 6WDUWÃGDWHÃRIÃSURMHFWÃ1 December 2004 'XUDWLRQ 2.5 years 3URMHFWÃFRRUGLQDWRU Professor Mikael Skou Andersen 3URMHFWÃFRRUGLQDWRUÃ RUJDQLVDWLRQ National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus (NERI), Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde )URQWÃSDJHÃSKRWR Offshore windmills (DK), Samsø Energy Academy. 5HYLVLRQÃ1.0 3URMHFW &RQVRUWLXP &RQWUDFWRUV &RQWDFW SHUVRQ 1(5, 8QLYHUVLW\ RI $DUKXV 0LNDHO 6NRX $QGHUVHQ 32 %R[ PVD#GPXGN '/ 5RVNLOGH '(10$5/ &DPEULGJH (FRQRPHWULFV 6XGKLU -XQDQNDU &RYHQW *DUGHQ 6XGKLU-XQDQNDU#FDPHFRQFRP &DPEULGJH &% +6 8/ (FRQRPLF DQG 6RFLDO 5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH 6XH 6FRWW :KLWDNHU 6TXDUH VXHVFRWW#HVULLH 6LU -RKQ 5RJHUVRQ V 4XD\ 'XEOLQ ,5(/$1' ,QVWLWXWH IRU (FRQRPLFV DQG -LULQD -LONRYD (QYLURQPHQWDO 3ROLF\ LHHS#LHHSF] 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV LQ 3UDJXH : &KXUFKLOOD 3UDKD ± äLåNRY &=(&+ 5(38%/,& 3ROLF\ 6WXGLHV ,QVWLWXWH 5RJHU 6DOPRQV +DQVRQ 6WUHHW /RQGRQ :: 83 8/ 9LHQQD ,QVWLWXWH IRU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO (GZDUG &KULVWLH (FRQRPLF 6WXGLHV FKULVWLH#ZLLZDFDW 2SSRO]HUJDVVH $ 9LHQQD $8675,$ 7$%/(2)&217(176 WP1: Environmental tax reforms in Europe ................................................... 6 E\0LNDHO6NRX$QGHUVHQ1(5, WP2: The market: structure and sector vulnerability .................................. 16 E\-RKQ)LW]*HUDOGDQG6XH6FRWW(65, WP3: An assessment of the impacts of ETR on the competitiveness of selected industrial sectors ................................................................................ 24 E\5RJHU6DOPRQVDQG3DXO(NLQV36, WP4: The effects of ETR on competitiveness: modelling with E3ME ....... 36 E\3DXO(NLQV36, WP5: Carbon Leakage....................................................................................... 48 E\6WHIDQ6SHFN1(5, WP6: Stabilisation, mitigation and compensation........................................ 58 E\0LNDHO6NRX$QGHUVHQ1(5, Annex: Summaries of industry sector case studies ...................................... 70 3 'DWDVKHHW Title: Competitiveness Effects of Environmental Tax Reforms (COMETR) Subtitle: Publishable Final Report to the European Commission, DG Research and DG TAXUD (Sum- mary Report) Authors: Mikael Skou Andersen1, Terry Barker2, Edward Christie6, Paul Ekins5, John Fitz Gerald3, Jirina Jilkova4, Sudhir Junankar2, Michael Landesmann6, Hector Pollitt2, Roger Salmons5, Sue Scott3 and Stefan Speck1 (eds.). Departments: 1)Department of Policy Analysis, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aar- hus (Denmark). 2)Cambridge Econometrics (United Kingdom). 3)Economic and Social Research Institute (Ireland), 4)Institute for Economic and Environmental Policy, University of Economics Prague (Czech Re- public), 5)Policy Studies Institute (United Kingdom) 6)Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (Austria). Publisher: National Environmental Research Institute University of Aarhus - Denmark URL: http://www.neri.dk Year of publication: December 2007 Editing completed: November 2007 Referees: Work package deliverables have been reviewed by members of the project consortium. Financial support: European Commission, Sixth Framework Programme for Research, Activity Area “Scientific Support to Policies”, Contract no. SCS8-CT-2004-501993. Please cite as: Andersen, M.S., Barker, T., Christie, E., Ekins, P., Gerald, J.F., Jilkova, J., Junankar, S., Lan- desmann, M., Pollitt, H., Salmons, R., Scott, S. and Speck, S. (eds.), 2007: Competitiveness Ef- fects of Environmental Tax Reforms (COMETR). Publishable Final Report to the European Commission, DG Research and DG TAXUD (Summary Report). National Environmental Re- search Institute, University of Aarhus. 111 pp. - http://www.dmu.dk/Pub/COMETR_Summary_Report.pdf Reproduction permitted provided the source is explicitly acknowledged Abstract: COMETR provides an ex-post assessment of experiences and competitiveness impacts of us- ing carbon-energy taxes as an instrument of an Environmental Tax Reform (ETR), which shifts the tax burden and helps reduce the carbon emissions that cause global warming. COMETR: reviews the experience in ETR in seven EU Member States (Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Finland, Slovenia, Sweden and UK); analyses world market conditions for a set of energy- intensive sectors, as a framework for considering competitiveness effects; analyses the effects of ETR on sector-specific energy usage and carbon emissions in Member States with carbon- energy taxes introduced on industry; presents a macroeconomic analysis of the competitive- ness effects of ETR for individual Member States as well as for the EU as a whole; provides ex- post figures for environmental decoupling and assesses carbon leakage; reviews mitigation and compensation mechanisms for energy-intensive industries. Keywords: Competitiveness; tax; CO2; socio-economic; macro-economic; energy-intensive; trade; Porter hypothesis; environmental tax reform; double dividend; energy taxation; climate Layout: Ann-Katrine Holme Christoffersen Number of pages: 111 Internet version: The report is available in electronic format (pdf) at NERI's website http://www.dmu.dk/Pub/ COMETR_Summary_Report.pdf 4 &20(75 2YHUYLHZ RI GHOLYHUDEOHV The final report contains the following deliverables from the COMETR project – it is these deliverables which are summarised in the present publishable final report (summary report). WP1 0LNDHO6NRX$QGHUVHQ(QYLURQPHQWDO WD[ UHIRUP DQG WKH FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV LVVXH $DUKXV1(5, 6WHIDQ6SHFN2YHUYLHZ RI HQYLURQPHQWDO WD[ UHIRUPV LQ (8 PHPEHU VWDWHV$DUKXV 1(5, WP2: -RKQ)LW]*HUDOG0DU\'HHQH\DQG6XH6FRWW$QDO\VLV RI ZRUOG PDUNHW FRQGLWLRQV IRU HQHUJ\LQWHQVLYH VHFWRUV DV D IUDPHZRUN IRU FRQVLGHULQJ FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV HIIHFWV'XEOLQ(65, WP3: $QGHUV 5\HOXQG ,PSURYHPHQWV LQ HQHUJ\ HIILFLHQF\ DQG JURVV FDUERQHQHUJ\ WD[ EXUGHQV LQ HLJKW HQHUJ\LQWHQVLYH DQG OHVV HQHUJ\LQWHQVLYH VHFWRUV D VXE VHFWRU SHUVSHFWLYH$DUKXV1(5, 0DUWLQ (QHYROGVHQ $QGHUV 5\HOXQG DQG 0LNDHO 6NRX $QGHUVHQ 7KH LPSDFW RI HQHUJ\ WD[HV RQ FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV RXWSXW DQG H[SRUWV D SDQHO UHJUHVVLRQ VWXG\ RI (XURSHDQ LQGXVWU\ VHFWRUV$DUKXV1(5, $OH[DQGUD0LOWQHUDQG5RJHU6DOPRQV$VVHVVPHQW RI WKH LPSDFWV RI HQYLURQPHQWDO WD[ UHIRUPV RQ WKH FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV RI VHOHFWHG LQGXVWULDO VHFWRUV /RQGRQ 36, 5RJHU 6DOPRQV7KH SRWHQWLDO IRU FRVWHIILFLHQW LPSURYHPHQWV LQ LQGXVWULDO HQHUJ\ HIILFLHQF\/RQGRQ36, WP4: 7HUU\%DUNHU6XGKLU-XQDQNDU+HFWRU3ROOLWWDQG3KLOLS6XPPHUWRQ7KH HIIHFWV RI HQYLURQPHQWDO WD[ UHIRUP RQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV LQ WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ PRGHOOLQJ ZLWK (0(&DPEULGJH&$0(&21 WP5: 6WHIDQ6SHFNDQG5RJHU6DOPRQV/HDNDJHDQDO\VLVZLWKLQDGHFRXSOLQJ IUDPHZRUN$DUKXV36,1(5, 7HUU\%DUNHU6XGKLU-XQDQNDU+HFWRU3ROOLWWDQG3KLOLS6XPPHUWRQ&DUERQ OHDNDJH $QDO\VLV ZLWKLQ DQ (0( IUDPHZRUN&DPEULGJH&$0(&21 (GZDUG&KULVWLH$Q HFRQRPLF FULWHULRQ IRU FDUERQ OHDNDJH9LHQQDZLLZ WP6: 0LNDHO6NRX$QGHUVHQDQG6WHIDQ6SHFN(QYLURQPHQWDO WD[ UHIRUPV LQ (XURSH 6WDELOLVDWLRQ PLWLJDWLRQ DQG FRPSHQVDWLRQ$DUKXV1(5, 7KHFRPSOHWHILQDOUHSRUWLVDYDLODEOHDWKWWSZZZGPXGN&20(75 5 &20(75 :3 (QYLURQPHQWDO 7D[ 5HIRUPV LQ (XURSH E\ 0LNDHO 6NRX $QGHUVHQ 1(5, Seven EU member states have implemented tax reforms which to some extent shift the tax burden from taxation of labour to taxation of carbon-energy. The member states and the initial year of the tax reform1 are as follows: 1. Sweden (1990) 2. Denmark (1993) 3. Netherlands (1996) 4. Finland (1997) 5. Slovenia (1997) 6. Germany (1999) 7. UK (2001) The reforms include tax shifts toward energy and transport taxes, as well as in some cases a restructuring of energy taxes to reflect better their carbon emissions. While the scale of the tax shifts differs between member states, altogether these tax reforms are assessed to have shifted tax revenues for more than 25 billion euros annually in Europe. It is mainly labour which has experienced the lighter tax burden. While the resulting reductions in carbon emissions are documented in several studies (Clinch et. al., 2006, Speck et. al., 2006; Enevoldsen et. al., 2007), concerns remain as to whether the broader effects for economic growth, competitiveness and employment are also beneficial. The COMETR project has addressed this difficult and sensitive issue by means of a range of methods and research techniques. COMETR has taken its point of departure in official definitions of competitiveness as established by the EU and OECD.2 The aim of the COMETR project has been to provide an evaluation from an ex-post perspective on the impacts of ETR on competitiveness, in particular that of energy-intensive industries. The underlying philosophy of environmental tax reform was expressed by former Commission President Jacques Delors in the famous White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment (Commission, 1993), which recommended taxing ‘bads’ rather than ‘goods’ (labour) in order to achieve a double dividend. While the 1 According to Slovenia’s report to UNFCC its carbon-energy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ottoman Policy Towards Non-Muslim Communities and Their Status in the Ottoman Empire During the 15Th & 16Th Centuries: Interaction of Civilizations Mughul, M
    2137 THE OTTOMAN POLICY TOWARDS NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES AND THEIR STATUS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE 15TH & 16TH CENTURIES: INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATIONS MUGHUL, M. Yakub* PAKİSTAN/PAKISTAN/ПАКИСТАН ABSTRACT This paper focuses on Ottomans liberal policy and tolerance towards the non- Muslims and other religious communities during 15th, 16th century. In particular, it explores the key role of Sultan Mohammad-II in consolidating and harmonizing different cultures and religions across Europe and Asia. The paper also addresses the Islamic attitude towards inter-religious relations, which was at that time quite unknown in rest of Europe, where they were burning its heretics at the stake, whereas races and religions coexisted under the Ottoman rule. It will highlight how the advent of Ottoman Rule in Eastern Europe brought the Muslim and European Civilizations face to face, which ultimately created an interaction among them. Finally, it will describe the image of the millet system introduced during this period, which brought all non-Muslim communities within the Turkish commonwealth, and allowed them to govern itself by its own laws and live in peace in the Ottoman Empire. Key Words: Ottoman, policy, Empire, Constantinople, Turkish, history. INTRODUCTION The Ottoman Empire1 would be defined as a mosaic of different cultures and religions, which provided peace and harmony among members of society without distinction between Muslim and non-Muslim, race, and color. The story of Ottoman history involves not only the Ottoman dynasty but the many peoples who ruled the Empire and were ruled by it: Turks, Arabs, Serbs, Greeks, Armenians, Jews, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Albanians, North Africans and others.
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong Tax Alert 4 September 2020 2020 Issue No
    Hong Kong Tax Alert 4 September 2020 2020 Issue No. 12 Hong Kong concludes comprehensive double taxation arrangement with Serbia On 27 August 2020, Hong Kong signed a comprehensive avoidance of double taxation agreement (CDTA) with Serbia. This brings the number of CDTAs Hong Kong has concluded with other jurisdictions to 44. Appendix to this alert summarizes the status of Hong Kong’s current CDTA network and CDTAs currently under negotiation or pending ratification. This alert summarizes the salient points of the provisions of the CDTA with Serbia as applicable to Hong Kong residents. Promoting trade and investment The CDTA sets out clearly the allocation of taxing rights between Hong Kong and Serbia helping investors to better assess their potential tax liabilities from cross-border transactions. In addition, with the aim of facilitating trade and investment, the CDTA also contains provisions which reduce or eliminate applicable taxes in respect of certain income streams between the two jurisdictions. The below table summarizes the applicable rates for relevant income streams when received from Serbia by a Hong Kong resident as beneficial owner. Income Dividends Interest Royalties Capital gains on Fees for specified streams disposal of shares services Tax rate Domestic rates 15/20%1 15/20%1 20% 0/15%/20%1 20%6 Rates under the 5/10%2 0/10%3 5/10%4 0%5 0% CDTA Notes 1. Dividends, interest and capital gains received from Serbia by a non-resident individual are taxed at a rate of 15%; however capital gains realized on disposal of shares by a non-resident individual who has held the investment continuously for at least ten years prior to the transfer are exempt from taxation in Serbia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Environmental Taxes in Serbian Tax System
    МЕЂУНАРОДНИ ЧАСОПИС ЗА ЕКОНОМСКУ ТЕОРИЈУ И ПРАКСУ И ДРУШТВЕНА ПИТАЊА EKONOMIKA Vol. 62, october-december 2016, № 4 ЕКОНОМИКА Часопис излази четири пута годишње Година LX, I-III 2014, број 1 ИЗДАВАЧ: Друштво економиста “Економика” Ниш ISSN 0350-137X, EISSNСУИЗДАВАЧИ: 2334-9190, Економски факултет у Приштини, UDK Факултет 338за услужни (497,1) бизнис - Сремска Каменица, Институт за економику пољопривреде - Београд, Факултет за пословне студије и право P. 75-84 - Београд, Факултет за трговину и банкарство, Универзитет Алфа - Београд, Савез економиста Србије - Друштво економиста Ниш. ГЛАВНИ И ОДГОВОРНИ УРЕДНИК: 1 Проф. др Драгољуб Симоновић Miloš Stojanović ПОМОЋНИЦИ ГЛАВНОГ И ОДГОВОРНОГ УРЕДНИКА SCIENTIFIC REVIEW ARTICLE Мр Зоран Симоновић (економија) Др Александар Ђурић (право) 2 УРЕДНИШТВО: Marina ĐorđevićПроф. др Снежана Ђекић Проф. др Драго Цвијановић doi:10.5937/ekonomika1604075S Економски факултет - Ниш Институт за економику пољопривреде - Проф. др Славомир Милетић Београд University of Niš Економски факултет - Приштина Проф. др Драган Момировић Received: October 30, 2016 Др Александар Андрејевић Факултет за пословно индустријски Факултет за услужни бизнис - Сремска менаџмент - Младеновац Каменица Проф. др Живота Радосављевић Faculty of EconomicsДр Душица Карић Факултет за образовање дипломираних Accepted: November 22, 2016 Универзитет Алфа - Београд правника и дипломираних економиста за руководеће кадрове - Нови Сад РЕДАКЦИЈСКИ КОЛЕГИЈУМ Академик Зоран Лакић, Подгорица (Црна Гора) Акадeмик Станислав С. Јанецко, Кијев (Украјина) Академик
    [Show full text]
  • Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: the Abridged Edition
    EXCERPTED FROM Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Abridged Edition edited by Benjamin Braude Copyright © 2014 ISBNs: 978-1-58826-889-1 hc 978-1-58826-865-5 pb 1800 30th Street, Suite 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com Contents Preface vii List of Abbreviations ix Note on Transliteration x 1 Introduction 1 Benjamin Braude 2 Transformation of Zimmi into Askerî 51 İ. Metin Kunt 3 Foundation Myths of the Millet System 65 Benjamin Braude 4 The Rise of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 87 Kevork B. Bardakjian 5 Ottoman Policy Toward the Jews and Jewish Attitudes Toward the Ottomans During the Fifteenth Century 99 Joseph R. Hacker 6 The Greek Millet in the Ottoman Empire 109 Richard Clogg 7 The Dual Role of the Armenian Amira Class Within the Ottoman Government and the Armenian Millet 133 Hagop Barsoumian 8 Foreign Merchants and the Minorities in Istanbul During the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 147 Robert Mantran 9 The Transformation of the Economic Position of the Millets in the Nineteenth Century 159 Charles Issawi v vi Contents 10 The Millets as Agents of Change in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire 187 Roderic H. Davison 11 The Acid Test of Ottomanism: The Acceptance of Non-Muslims in the Late Ottoman Bureaucracy 209 Carter V. Findley 12 Communal Conflict in Ottoman Syria During the Reform Era: The Role of Political and Economic Factors 241 Moshe Ma‘oz 13 Communal Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Lebanon 257 Samir Khalaf 14 Unionist Relations with the Greek, Armenian, and Jewish Communities of the Ottoman Empire, 1908 –1914 287 Feroz Ahmad 15 The Political Situation of the Copts, 1798 –1923 325 Doris Behrens-Abouseif Selected Bibliography 347 About the Contributors 355 Index 357 About the Book 374 1 Introduction Benjamin Braude Thirty years ago the first edition of this book appeared.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Implications of Green Growth Policies from the Perspective Of
    Dis cus si on Paper No. 15-012 Social Implications of Green Growth Policies from the Perspective of Energy Sector Reform and its Impact on Households Peter Heindl and Andreas Löschel Dis cus si on Paper No. 15-012 Social Implications of Green Growth Policies from the Perspective of Energy Sector Reform and its Impact on Households Peter Heindl and Andreas Löschel Download this ZEW Discussion Paper from our ftp server: http://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp15012.pdf Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar. Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW. Social Implications of Green Growth Policies from the Perspective of Energy Sector Reform and its Impact on Households by Peter Heindl* Centre for European Economic Research ZEW Mannheim, Germany Andreas Löschel University of Münster February 2015 This paper is also available as: OECD Issue Note - Social Implications of Green Growth Policies from the Perspective of Energy Sector Reform and its Impact on Households - Abstract - This paper reviews the literature on distributional effects of energy and carbon taxation with focus on microsimulation models.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK SERBIA Public Disclosure Authorized Country Economic Memorandum Serbia’s New Growth Agenda Labor market for growth Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1 Acknowledgments This note, written by Trang Nguyen and Gonzalo Reyes, is part of the Serbia Country Economic Memorandum (CEM), prepared under the leadership of Ekaterina Vostroknutova, Trang Nguyen, and Lazar Sestovic. The note draws on work on productivity led by Elwyn Davies and on skills led by Katia Herrera. Trinidad Saavedra provided research support related to the labor force survey data. Valuable comments from Johannes Koettl and Maria Davalos are greatly appreciated. All names are from the World Bank. The team would like to thank all public and private-sector counterparts in Serbia for their collaboration, discussions, and the feedback provided during preparation of the note. The team is grateful to Linda Van Gelder, Stephen Ndegwa, Gallina Vincelette, Carlos Silva, Cem Mete, Marco Hernandez, Jamele Rigolini, and the Western Balkans Country Management Team (all World Bank) for their guidance and support throughout. 2 Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Labor Market Overview ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Taxation and EU Environmental Policies
    EEA Report No 17/2016 Environmental taxation and EU environmental policies ISSN 1977-8449 EEA Report No 17/2016 Environmental taxation and EU environmental policies Cover design: EEA Cover photo: © AlexSava (www.istockphoto.com) Small photos: © JacobH (www.istockphoto.com) Layout: Pia Schmidt Legal notice The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Commission or other institutions of the European Union. Neither the European Environment Agency nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. Copyright notice © European Environment Agency, 2016 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016 ISBN 978-92-9213-755-7 ISSN 1977-8449 doi:10.2800/296823 European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 1050 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel.: +45 33 36 71 00 Web: eea.europa.eu Enquiries: eea.europa.eu/enquiries Contents Contents Authors and acknowledgements .............................................................................................. 4 Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6 2 Market-based instruments
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for Investing in Serbia at Your Glance
    Error! No text of specified style in document. Guide for investing in Serbia At your glance January 2020 Investing in Serbia | At your glance Table of Contents 1. Serbia: Country profile 4 Exports and Imports ...................................................................... 6 Foreign Direct Investment (FDIs) .................................................... 8 FDI by industries ..........................................................................10 Key industries in Serbia ................................................................11 2. Tax legislation 14 2.1 Corporate income tax 14 Significant tax adjustments ...........................................................15 Filing formalities and deadlines ......................................................16 Withholding taxes ........................................................................16 Network of applicable DTT’s ...........................................................17 List of jurisdictions with preferential tax systems .............................18 Multilateral Convention .................................................................18 2.2 Value added tax 18 Taxable and exempt transactions ...................................................18 Place of supply of goods ................................................................20 Place of supply of services .............................................................20 Triggering VAT liability ..................................................................21 Requirements for claiming input
    [Show full text]
  • Institute of Economic Sciences Belgrade, Serbia, 2021
    Institute of Economic Sciences Belgrade, Serbia, 2021 Study of Tobacco Tax Avoidance and Evasion in Serbia, 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Institute of Economic Sciences from Belgrade, Serbia, is coordinating a regional network of researchers in Southeastern Europe on tobacco taxation. The project is funded by the University of Illinois at Chicago’s (UIC) Institute for Health Research and Policy to conduct economic research on tobacco taxation in Serbia. UIC is a partner of the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use. The views expressed in this document cannot be attributed to, nor do they represent, the views of UIC, the Institute for Health Research and Policy, or Bloomberg Philanthropies. The authors are grateful for comments from UIC. Suggested citation: Đukić, M., Jovanović, O., Vladisavljević, M., Jolović, N., & Zubović, J. (2021). Study on tobacco tax avoidance and evasion in Serbia, 2019. Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade, February 2021 2 | P a g e Study of Tobacco Tax Avoidance and Evasion in Serbia, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TOBACCO TAX EVASION in SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE Tax Evasion Prevalence and Evasion Determinants
    TOBACCO TAX EVASION IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE Tax Evasion Prevalence and Evasion Determinants Institute of Economic Sciences Belgrade, Serbia, 2021 Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4 2. Data and Definitions of Main Variables: Evasion and Avoidance ..................................... 9 3. Descriptive Statistics ........................................................................................................ 10 3.1. Consumption of HR and MC and illicit trade .......................................................... 10 3.2. Tax evasion in SEE countries and other country characteristics .............................. 12 4. Methodology: Estimation of the tax evasion model in the SEE region ............................ 15 5. Results from the estimation of the tax evasion models .................................................... 17 5.1. MC tax evasion.......................................................................................................... 17 5.2. HR evasion model ..................................................................................................... 18 5.3. Overall tax evasion model ......................................................................................... 19 6. Discussion and Conclusions ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Doingbusiniesguide2010-Srb.Pdf
    Guide to doing business and investing in Serbia 2010 Edition The information in this book is based on taxation law, legislative proposals and current practice, up to and including measures passed into law as of 1 May 2010. It is intended to provide a general guide only on the subject matter and is necessarily in a condensed form. It should not be regarded as a basis for ascertaining the tax liability in specific circumstances. Professional advice should always be taken before acting on any information in the booklet. Guide to doing business and investing in Serbia 1 Contents Partner letter 4 6. Business Entities 28 6.1. Legal framework Office location in Serbia 5 6.2. Choice of entity 1. Country Profile 8 6.3. Joint stock company (a.d.) 1.1. Introduction 6.4. Limited liability company (d.o.o.) 1.2. Government Structure 6.5. Partnerships and joint ventures 1.3. Legal System 6.6. Branches 1.4. People 6.7. Representative offices 1.5. Economy 7. Labour Relations and Social Security 30 2. Business Environment 10 7.1. Labour market 2.1. Business climate 7.2. Labour relations 2.2. International agreements 7.3. Working conditions 2.3. Regulations for businesses 7.4. Social security system 3. Foreign Investments 14 7.5. Foreign personnel 3.1. Foreign investments 8. Accounting and Audit Requirements 34 3.2. Regulatory legislations 8.1. Accounting 3.3. Foreign Investment Law 8.2. Chart of accounts 3.4. The Law on Foreign Trade Transactions 8.3. Audit requirements 3.5. Foreign exchange 9.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT «Improvement of Taxation Systems in the BSEC Member States
    Doc. GA39/ЕC37/REP/12 REPORT* «Improvement of Taxation Systems in the BSEC Member States» Rapporteur: Mr. Dimitar ATANASOV (Bulgaria) * The text discussed and adopted at the Thirty-Seventh Meeting of the Economic, Commercial, Technological and Environmental Affairs Committee in Tbilisi on 12 October 2011 and approved at the Thirty-ninth General Assembly in Yerevan on 23 May 2012. 1 I. INTRODUCTION 1. Taxes have paramount role in budget revenue of every country. State cannot exist without taxes since they represent a basic instrument of revenue mobilization in the context of the rule of private property and market relations. It is obvious that any state needs to have necessary funds to perform its functions. It is also obvious that the source of these funds could only be only those means that governments collect from physical and legal persons in conformity with the existing laws. The taxation system is a set of specified taxes, principles, forms and methods of fixing taxes, change or cancellation, payment and application of measures to ensure their payment, tax control, and accountability for violating of tax laws. 2. The tax system includes: establishment of rights and obligations of taxpayers, establishment of rights and responsibilities of tax authorities, establishment of the objects of taxation, registration of taxpayers and assigning them an identification number, specification of taxes and benefits, establishment of the structure of tax authorities, etc. 3. As is known, taxes were introduced together with division of society into classes and emergence of states as a contribution of citizens to maintaining of public authorities. To this end, minimum tax burden is determined according to the public spending necessary to perform essential government functions: administration, defence, justice, public order - the more the functions entrusted to the state, the more the taxes collected.
    [Show full text]