Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Semiconductors Based on Kesterites
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IN-VITRO EVALUATION of the ANTICANCER ACTIVITY of Cu(II)AMINA(CYSTEINE)DITHIOCARBAMATE
Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(9):43-51 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF Cu(II)AMINA(CYSTEINE)DITHIOCARBAMATE Desy Kartina1, Abdul Wahid Wahab 2, Ahyar Ahmad3, Rizal Irfandi 4, Prihantono5, And Indah Raya6* 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia 4Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Puangrimaggalatung University Sengkang, 90915, Indonesia. 5Departement of Surgery, Faculty of Medicinal, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia, 90245 6*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia ABSTRACT The Complex of Cu(II)cysteinedithiocarbamate has been synthesized, it Keywords: Anticancer, Cu(ll)Amina(cysteine)dithiocarbamate. was prepared by the “in situ method” and characterized by using Correspondance: Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Indah Raya Fluorescence (XRF) instruments. While melting point and conductivity Department of Chemistry, also measured. The presence of UV-Vis maximum spectrums of Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Cu(II)cysteinedithiocarbamate at 296 nm and 436 nm indicated that Hasanuddin University, electronic transition π → π * dan n → π * of CS2 and N=C=S myotis. The Makassar 90245, Indonesia presence of the wavelength in the region of 399-540 cm-1 of IR spectra Email id : [email protected], [email protected] is indicated that has been coordination occurred between Cu(II) with Sulphur (S), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen(O) atoms respectively from cysteinedithiocarbamate ligands. -
CZTS) Phases Rameez Ahmad,1 Marco Brandl,2 Monica Distaso,1 Patrick Herre,1,3 Erdmann Spiecker,3 Rainer Hock 2 and Wolfgang Peukert 1* *[email protected] 1
CrystEngComm Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/crystengcomm Page 1 of 24 CrystEngComm A comprehensive study on the mechanism behind formation and depletion of Cu 2ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) phases Rameez Ahmad,1 Marco Brandl,2 Monica Distaso,1 Patrick Herre,1,3 Erdmann Spiecker,3 Rainer Hock 2 and Wolfgang Peukert 1* *[email protected] 1. Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany 2. Chair for Crystallography and Structural physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany 3. Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Manuscript Abstract High efficiency kesterite based solar cells have vigorously raised the research interests in this material. -
Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
catalysts Review Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Younis Baqi Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman; [email protected]; Tel.: +968-2414-1473 Abstract: Cross-coupling reactions furnishing carbon–carbon (C–C) and carbon–heteroatom (C–X) bond is one of the most challenging tasks in organic syntheses. The early developed reaction protocols by Ullmann, Ullman–Goldberg, Cadiot–Chodkiewicz, Castro–Stephens, and Corey–House, utilizing elemental copper or its salts as catalyst have, for decades, attracted and inspired scientists. However, these reactions were suffering from the range of functional groups tolerated as well as severely restricted by the harsh reaction conditions often required high temperatures (150–200 ◦C) for extended reaction time. Enormous efforts have been paid to develop and achieve more sustainable reaction conditions by applying the microwave irradiation. The use of controlled microwave heating dramatically reduces the time required and therefore resulting in increase in the yield as well as the efficiency of the reaction. This review is mainly focuses on the recent advances and applications of copper catalyzed cross-coupling generation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond under microwave technology. Keywords: cross-coupling reaction; Cu catalyst; microwave irradiation; methodology; synthesis 1. Introduction Carbon–carbon (C–C) and carbon–heteroatom (C–X) bond formations through cross- Citation: Baqi, Y. Recent Advances in coupling reactions represents as one of the most useful strategy in the synthetic organic Microwave-Assisted chemistry, hence many procedures and methodologies have been developed and published Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling in the literature. -
GROWTH and PROPERTIES of BULK Cztsse and Sb2se3 for SOLAR CELLS
GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF BULK CZTSSe AND Sb2Se3 FOR SOLAR CELLS Theodore Douglas Christopher Hobson Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL For the degree of DOCTOR IN PHILOSOPHY Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy Department of Physics May 2020 For Holly Abstract This thesis presents investigations into growth techniques to produce bulk polycrystalline and single crystals of the materials Cu2ZnSnS4xSe4(1-x) (CZTSSe) and Sb2Se3, in order to better understand bulk properties of relevance for photovoltaics. For CZTSSe, a technique to grow ~100 μm monograins from a molten NaCl/KCl mix proved successful for compositions 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 in increments of Δx = 0.1, with a more ordered kesterite phase demonstrated compared to directly synthesised feedstock. From this series, Vegard relations were measured as: a (Å) = -0.268(3)x + 5.6949(17) and c (Å) = - 0.516(6)x + 11.345(3) while Raman modes were observed to follow two-mode behaviour as: ωCZTSe -1 -1 (cm ) = (44.6 ± 1.6)x + (194.6 ± 0.8) and ωCZTS (cm ) = (7.1 ± 1.3)x + (329.0 ± 0.8). These relationships are intended to be used as reference data to aid the measurement of sulphur-selenium ratios in CZTSSe thin films. Samples consistent with single crystals of Sb2Se3 with 4 mm diameter and 1 cm length were grown via vertical Bridgman, with the {100} crystal planes evidenced through optical means and XRD. These crystals exhibited low-angle boundary defects consistent with ripplocations. They also demonstrated anisotropies in the polarised Raman spectra, with sample rotation able to resolve the overlapping 187 and 190 cm-1 peaks. -
Copper ( II ) Chloride
Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Copper Contents 1 Introduction 2 History o 2.1 Copper Age o 2.2 Bronze Age o 2.3 Antiquity and Middle Ages o 2.4 Modern period 3 Characteristics o 3.1 Color o 3.2 Group 11 of the periodic table o 3.3 Occurrence o 3.4 Mechanical properties o 3.5 Electrical properties o 3.6 Corrosion . 3.6.1 Pure water and air/oxygen . 3.6.2 In contact with other metals . 3.6.3 Sulfide media . 3.6.4 Ammonia media . 3.6.5 Chloride media o 3.7 Germicidal effect o 3.8 Isotopes 4 Production 5 Applications o 5.1 Piping o 5.2 Electrical applications o 5.3 Architecture / Industry o 5.4 Household products o 5.5 Coinage o 5.6 Biomedical applications o 5.7 Chemical applications o 5.8 Other 6 Alloys 7 Compounds 8 Biological role 9 Recycling 1 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 1 Introduction : Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu ( Latin : cuprum ) and atomic number 29 . It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is rather soft and malleable and a freshly - exposed surface has a pinkish or peachy color. It is used as a thermal conductor, an electrical conductor, a building material, and a constituent of various metal alloys. Copper metal and alloys have been used for thousands of years. In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, hence the origin of the name of the metal as Cyprium, "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to Cuprum. -
Copper Monosulfide (Cus) Powder SAFTY DATA SHEET
Copper Monosulfide (CuS) Powder US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. www.us-nano.com SAFTY DATA SHEET Revised Date 2/21/2016 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION 1.1 Product identifiers Product name: Copper Monosulfide (CuS) Powder Product Number : US1126M Copper Monosulfide (CuS) CAS#: 1317-40-4 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : Research 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company: US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. 3302 Twig Leaf Lane Houston, TX 77084 USA Telephone: +1 832-460-3661 Fax: +1 281-492-8628 1.4 Emergency telephone number Emergency Phone # : (832) 359-7887 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture This substance or mixture is not hazardous and is not classified under GHS. May cause irritation of skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. 2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements Pictogram Signal word None Hazard statement(s) H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H335 May cause respiratory irritation. Precautionary statement(s) P261 Avoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapors/ spray. P264 Wash skin thoroughly after handling. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P280 Wear protective gloves/ eye protection/ face protection. P304 + P340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P312 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician if you feel unwell. -
Molecular Solution Processing of Metal Chalcogenide Thin Film Solar Cells
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Molecular solution processing of metal chalcogenide thin film solar cells A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering by Wenbing Yang 2013 Abstract of the Dissertation Molecular solution processing of metal chalcogenide thin film solar cells by Wenbing Yang Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Yang Yang, Chair The barrier to utilize solar generated electricity mainly comes from their higher cost relative to fossil fuels. However, innovations with new materials and processing techniques can potentially make cost effective photovoltaics. One such strategy is to develop solution processed photovoltaics which avoid the expensive vacuum processing required by traditional solar cells. The dissertation is mainly focused on two absorber material system for thin film solar cells: chalcopyrite CuIn(S,Se) 2 (CISS) and kesterite Cu 2ZnSn(S,Se) 4 organized in chronological order. Chalcopyrite CISS is a very promising material. It has been demonstrated to achieve the highest efficiency among thin film solar cells. Scaled-up industry production at present has reached the giga-watt per year level. The process however mainly relies on vacuum systems which account for a significant percentage of the manufacturing cost. In the first section of this dissertation, hydrazine based solution processed CISS has been explored. The focus of the research involves the procedures to fabricate devices from solution. The topics covered in Chapter 2 include: precursor solution synthesis with a focus on understanding the solution chemistry, CISS absorber formation from precursor, properties modification toward favorable device performance, and device structure innovation toward tandem device. -
Alphabetical List
LIST L - MINERALS - ALPHABETICAL LIST Specific mineral Group name Specific mineral Group name acanthite sulfides asbolite oxides accessory minerals astrophyllite chain silicates actinolite clinoamphibole atacamite chlorides adamite arsenates augite clinopyroxene adularia alkali feldspar austinite arsenates aegirine clinopyroxene autunite phosphates aegirine-augite clinopyroxene awaruite alloys aenigmatite aenigmatite group axinite group sorosilicates aeschynite niobates azurite carbonates agate silica minerals babingtonite rhodonite group aikinite sulfides baddeleyite oxides akaganeite oxides barbosalite phosphates akermanite melilite group barite sulfates alabandite sulfides barium feldspar feldspar group alabaster barium silicates silicates albite plagioclase barylite sorosilicates alexandrite oxides bassanite sulfates allanite epidote group bastnaesite carbonates and fluorides alloclasite sulfides bavenite chain silicates allophane clay minerals bayerite oxides almandine garnet group beidellite clay minerals alpha quartz silica minerals beraunite phosphates alstonite carbonates berndtite sulfides altaite tellurides berryite sulfosalts alum sulfates berthierine serpentine group aluminum hydroxides oxides bertrandite sorosilicates aluminum oxides oxides beryl ring silicates alumohydrocalcite carbonates betafite niobates and tantalates alunite sulfates betekhtinite sulfides amazonite alkali feldspar beudantite arsenates and sulfates amber organic minerals bideauxite chlorides and fluorides amblygonite phosphates biotite mica group amethyst -
Phase Diagram of the Selenide Kesterite Photovoltaic Materials and NMR Investigation of Cu/Zn Disorder in Cztse
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. This journal is © the Owner Societies 2015 Phase diagram of the selenide kesterite photovoltaic materials and NMR investigation of Cu/Zn disorder in CZTSe Léo Choubrac, Alain Lafond, Michaël Paris, Catherine Guillot-Deudon and Stephane Jobic Electronic Supporting Information Experimental Synthesis The compounds were prepared by the solid state reaction of Cu, Zn, Sn, and S powders in the appropriate ratios in evacuated, sealed, fused silica tubes. They were heated at 750 °C (ramp 300 °C/h) for 170 h and then cooled down at 20 °C/h. The obtained powders were then ground and pressed into pellets which were again put into a sealed tube. The second heating sequence was: ramp 300 °C/h; plateau 750 °C; cooling ramp 50 °C/h. For some samples, attention was paid to the cooling mode at the end of the heating process. Samples were heated at 350 °C for 2 days and subsequently ice-quenched (sample A2Q). A part of the obtained samples was reheated at 350 °C for 2 days, slow cooled down to 150°C (2 °C/h), annealed at this temperature for 1 day and finally slow cooled to room temperature. For example, from sample A2 (see Table 1) we got sample A2Q (quenched) and sample A2S (slow cooled). X-ray diffraction The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the studied samples were measured on a D8-Bruker advance diffractometer ( = 1.540596 Å), equipped with a LynxEye detector, in the 8-100 ° 2 range with a 0.011 ° 2- step and a record time of 0.4 s/step. -
Eijun OHTA* the Toyoha Mine Is Located 40 Km South
MINING GEOLOGY,39(6),355•`372,1989 Occurrence and Chemistry of Indium-containing Minerals from the Toyoha Mine, Hokkaido, Japan Eijun OHTA* Abstract: Toyoha lead-zinc-silver vein-type deposit in Hokkaido, Japan produces an important amount of indium as well as tin and copper. Bismuth, tungsten, antimony, arsenic, and cobalt are minor but common metals. Indium minerals recognized are; unnamed Zn-In mineral (hereafter abbreviated as ZI) whose composition is at the midst of sphalerite and roquesite, unnamed Ag-In mineral (AI) of AglnS2 composition, roquesite (RQ) and sakuraiite. Observed maximum weight percentages of indium in chalcopyrite, kesterite (KS) and stannite are 1.0, 1.86 and 20.0, respectively. Indium concentration in sphalerite ranges from O.On to a few weight percent in most case, but exceeds ten weight percent at some points. Detailed EPMA analyses have revealed that such high concentration is attributed to a continuous solid solution between sphalerite (SP) and ZI. Continuous solid solutions between RQ90ZI10 and RQ37ZI69, and between KS100ZI0 and KS30ZI70 are also detected. These solid solutions are attributed to coupled substitutions of 2(Zn, Fe) for CuIn, and of (Zn, Fe)In for CuSn. Other substitutions found between chalcopyrite and stannite and between stannite/kesterite and roquesite are of (Fe+2, Zn)Sn for 2Fe+3 and of (Fe+2, Zn)Sn for 2In respectively. Economically most important indium carriers in Toyoha are ZI and indium-bearing sphalerite. Next to sphalerite are kesterite, stannite and the anisotropic chalcopyrite. The occurrence of these minerals indicates that these minerals have been formed by pulsatile mineralization whose peak temperatures were 50 to 100•Ž higher than the hitherto estimated maximum formation temperature, about 300•Ž, of the deposit. -
Functionalisation of Colloidal Transition Metal Sulphides Nanocrystals: a Fascinating and Challenging Playground for the Chemist
crystals Review Functionalisation of Colloidal Transition Metal Sulphides Nanocrystals: A Fascinating and Challenging Playground for the Chemist Silvia Gross 1,2,*, Andrea Vittadini 1,2 and Nicola Dengo 1,2 1 Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia, ICMATE-CNR, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy; [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (N.D.) 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova and INSTM, UdR Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-049-827-5736 Academic Editor: Roberto Comparelli Received: 27 December 2016; Accepted: 24 March 2017; Published: 14 April 2017 Abstract: Metal sulphides, and in particular transition metal sulphide colloids, are a broad, versatile and exciting class of inorganic compounds which deserve growing interest and attention ascribable to the functional properties that many of them display. With respect to their oxide homologues, however, they are characterised by noticeably different chemical, structural and hence functional features. Their potential applications span several fields, and in many of the foreseen applications (e.g., in bioimaging and related fields), the achievement of stable colloidal suspensions of metal sulphides is highly desirable or either an unavoidable requirement to be met. To this aim, robust functionalisation strategies should be devised, which however are, with respect to metal or metal oxides colloids, much more challenging. This has to be ascribed, inter alia, also to the still limited knowledge of the sulphides surface chemistry, particularly when comparing it to the better established, though multifaceted, oxide surface chemistry. -
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Ni (II) Dithiocarbamate Complexes
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Chemistry Volume 2016, Article ID 1293790, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1293790 Research Article Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Ni(II) Dithiocarbamate Complexes and Their Use as Precursors for Nickel Sulphides Nanocrystals Azile Nqombolo and Peter A. Ajibade Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag Box X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa Correspondence should be addressed to Peter A. Ajibade; [email protected] Received 15 July 2016; Revised 13 September 2016; Accepted 20 September 2016 Academic Editor: Henryk Kozlowski Copyright © 2016 A. Nqombolo and P. A. Ajibade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complexes have been synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Electronic spectra measurements indicate that the complexes are four-coordinate square planar geometry while the FTIR confirmed that the dithiocarbamates act as bidentate chelating ligands. The compounds were used as single source precursors and thermolysed ∘ at 220 C to prepare HDA-capped NiS nanocrystals which were characterized by absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Absorption spectra studies showed that the synthesized NiS nanoparticles are blue- shifted relative to the bulk material and PL studies showed emission maxima that are red-shifted compared to the absorption band edges. The XRD patterns of the as-prepared NiS nanoparticles revealed cubic crystalline phases.