VOLUME 32 MARCH 2004 NUMBER 3
2004 Annual Meeting . . . Public Sociologies Former President of Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso: A Most Public Sociologist The second article in a series highlighting prominent public intellectuals presenting at ASA’s 2004 Annual Meeting in San Francisco
by Gay Seidman presentations academic freedom and intellectual economic stabilization plan that ended at the ASA influence, Cardoso was turning to a decades of chronic hyper-inflation in In 1982, during a stint as a visiting meetings different audience. In 1983, he returned Brazil. professor at Berkeley, Fernando next August to Brazil to run for the federal Senate; he Henrique Cardoso paused, mid-lecture, in San served as a senator for the next nine First Presidential Re-election to reflect on the repression faced by Francisco. years, helping construct a center-left In 1995, Cardoso was elected to his Latin American intellectuals under Together with coalition against military rule. By the first term as president of Brazil, and then military regimes. In the United States, he Princeton end of the decade, he had become one of in 1999, he was elected to a second mused, academics are allowed to speak University his country’s most prominent politicians, term—the first president ever democrati- so much more freely than in Brazil; but economist serving as minister for Foreign Affairs in cally re-elected in Brazil. After eight perhaps it is because no one off-campus and New York Fernando Henrique Cardoso 1992-93, and as Minister of Finance from years in office, the constitutional limit, ever bothers to listen to them. Times 1993-94, when he implemented an Twenty years later, that comment has columnist See Cardoso, page 6 a somewhat ironic ring. Then, Cardoso Paul Krugman, he will discuss “The was a noted sociologist who had been Future of Neoliberalism”; and, reflecting exiled by Brazil’s military regime from his unique perspective, he will give a 1964 to 1968. In 1969, when he returned, talk titled “The Sociologist as President.” the regime canceled Cardoso’s political When he visited at Berkeley 20 years The 2004 World Social Forum and civil rights and denied him permis- ago, Cardoso was already one of Latin This is the first of three articles on the January 2004 World Social Forum meeting in Mumbai, sion to lecture, so he moved to an America’s best-known sociologists, India. These articles echo the “Public Sociologies” theme of the 2004 ASA Annual Meeting in independent think tank off-campus. having taught at leading intellectual San Francisco. centers in Latin America and Europe as Walda Katz-Fishman, Howard University, and Jerome Scott, Project South, participated Being Heard well as in the United States. His research, in the World Social Forum (WSF) as part of the U.S. Grassroots Global Justice (GGJ) But today when Cardoso speaks, including both his early work on delegation representing Project South: Institute for the Elimination of Poverty & Geno- people across the world listen. After two Brazilian racial inequality and later cide. The latter is a community-based popular education organization bringing scholar, research on the political economy of terms as Brazil’s president, Cardoso is student, labor, and low-income activists together on the basis of equality to build a Latin America, opened new lines of surely the most public sociologist in the bottom-up movement in the United States as part of today’s global movement for justice inquiry for scholars around the world. In world, a global figure who is currently and equality. The second article, “Mumbai and the Future,” is by Boaventura de Sousa 1982, he was elected president of the advising the United Nations on how to Santos of the Department of Sociology at the University of Coimbra, and the University International Sociological Association, incorporate global civil society into of Wisconsin-Madison Law School. The final article, “Among Women at Mumbai,” is by international deliberations. marking his stature in the academic world. Patricia Ticineto Clough, Director of the Center for the Study of Women and Society at Cardoso, now professor-at-large at the City University of New York Graduate Center. Brown University’s Watson Institute for But at about the same time he was musing about the balance between International Studies, will give two A Movement Rising by Walda Katz-Fishman, Howard University and Project South, Teaching Sociology in High School: A Pilot and Jerome Scott, Project South Project Begins in Chicago The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to by Caroline Hodges Persell, New York understanding principles, helps develop change it. — Karl Marx University, and Carla B. Howery, ASA quantitative reasoning skills, and Academic and Professional Affairs Program provides students with tools for investi- The fourth World Social Forum (WSF), January 16-21, 2004, in Mumbai (Bombay), gating sociological questions on their India, was an amazing gathering and experience. About 130,000 delegates from 150 In 2001, the American Sociological own. countries and from most of India’s 26 states participated. We marched, rallied, danced, Association (ASA) established a national By introducing students to major sang, drummed, performed street theater, talked, dialogued, shared knowledge and Task Force comprised of high school, sociological research methods and experiences, cultural expressions, art college, and university faculty. The Task concepts, the course seeks to develop an and video, organized a peoples’ media Force was charged with developing and understanding and appreciation of center, networked, and deepened pilot testing a curriculum for an Ad- humans as social beings and considers existing relationships. Collectively we vanced Placement (AP) type course to be how social factors affect daily lives and took another critical step in building taught in high schools. As its first job, long-term outcomes. Areas of focus today’s global bottom-up movement the Task Force developed an outline and include, but are not limited to, the for social transformation to truly create a narrative for an AP-type Introduction sociological perspective, social organiza- another world. to Sociology course. Those materials tion, research methods, culture, social The first WSF, in Porto Alegre, have been on the ASA homepage for inequality, social institutions, and Brazil, in January 2001, was a popular, several months, with a request for deviance and conformity. The full course civil society gathering of the world’s feedback, at
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2 MARCH 2004 FOOTNOTES
The Executive Officer’s Column In This Issue . . . Engineering Better Mileage for Research? How does U.S. science lead the study of complex social problems, asks John Marburger, the President’s science advisor? How do we study complex scientific problems, asks Building Bridges to the Rita Colwell, the recent director of the National Science Foundation? How do we lead the scientific effort to under- Real World stand and cure disease, ask Elias Zehouni, Director of the National Institutes of Health? And, how do we accomplish all Task Force to propose ways to this with dwindling federal research dollars? Zerhouni promote Public Sociology. believes the answer is to create a new health research roadmap that embodies interdisciplinary research at its core. Colwell initiated the NSF-wide priority area of “Human and Social Dynamics” that 3 is fundamentally interdisciplinary (see February 2004 Footnotes, p. 5). The Defense ASA Officer Candidates Department has its new “Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative.” These questions and the answer—”interdisciplinarity” (is it a word? if not yet, it soon will ASA election time quickly be)—were the focus of a recent National Academies Convocation on Facilitating approaches; familiarize yourself Interdisciplinary Research. Coming from the leaders of the world’s largest basic and applied research agencies, this paradigm-shifting strategy deserves the close with the candidates. attention of sociologists. Yet, as one Convocation participant said: “It is one thing for 4 a biologist to meet a chemist, but sociologists are somewhere else entirely; you wouldn’t know what to say to one even if you met them!” A recent study reported on at the Convocation by Diana Photen of the Social Science Research Council Data Sharing in the suggests this may not be an exaggeration. By crowning interdisciplinary basic Social Sciences research as the driving engine to Data sets should be transferable and advance our way down the road of improved, faster, and more efficient still protect participants’ privacy. scientific discovery and application, 5 many federal science and research- sponsoring agencies are echoing Professional Courses at Zerhouni’s concern that such interdisci- plinary research is necessary both to the 2004 Annual Meeting advance science and to avert an eventual devouring of the federal budget by escalating health costs (or education costs, or defense/security costs...). Zerhouni, From the “Scholarship of Teaching like other federal science leaders, is strategizing to deal with a natural reality that and Learning” to “Community- metaphorically conjures a complex road map. In medical research, increasingly 6 based Research,” daylong courses advanced molecular, genetic, cellular, behavioral, and social science research is stumbling repeatedly upon nature’s fundamental structure: the complex will kick off the Annual Meeting. interconnectedness of health/illness and our genetic, biological, social, and physical environments. Thus, as individual health disciplines improve their “under the hood” knowledge of nature’s machinery, their drive along the road toward more efficient medical treatments and prevention, direct us inevitably toward intersecting Recent Council Actions and shared routes of these scientific disciplines. ASA Council activity—from Are All Roads Leading to “Interdisciplinary”? choosing new journal editors to Federal science agencies are not the only part of the scientific infrastructure in the reviewing committee and task force United States urging new ways to organize work and the merits of roadmaps with 7 intersecting disciplinary routes. The American Association for the Advancement of actions—is summarized from the Science’s CEO Alan Leshner stated in a February 6 Science editorial, “Academic January meeting. institutions are still organized primarily into discrete fields of learning. Review and reward systems based on eminence or publication within one’s own disciplinary ‘silo’ may penalize interdisciplinary work. The increasing number of cross-depart- mental, interdisciplinary research centers in universities is welcome, but most World Social Forum - academics are still evaluated for tenure and promotion within their departments.” These concerns of universities, faculty, researchers, students and funding agen- continued cies were core to the National Academies Convocation in January. As part of the “National Academies Keck Futures Initiative,” a $40-million, 15-year program Participant observers report on designed to realize the untapped potential of interdisciplinary research, the Acad- 8 conditions in Mumbai, India, the emies created a Committee on Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research under the future of the Forum itself, and aegis of the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy. The committee has undertaken a major study on how funding organizations and academic institu- empowerment of women. tions can best facilitate interdisciplinary research. Sociologist Jonathan Cole, Provost and Dean of Faculties Emeritus at Columbia University, is a member of the commit- tee. It hopes to identify the most serious obstacles facing interdisciplinary research- ers, determine examples of effective policies and practices, and establish recommen- Spotlight on Georgetown dations for best practices to facilitate interdisciplinary research in a report to be issued in late 2004 or early 2005. (Learn more at
Task Force to Invigorate “Public Sociology” by Lee Herring, ASA Public Information Office PUBLIC AFFAIRS UPDATE At its January 2004 meeting, ASA Council received a report on the Task Force on Building Bridges to the Real World, which had been initiated by Past-President Barbara ✔ Colwell leaves National Science Foundation . . . . National Science Founda- Reskin in 2003. The Task Force had proposed, among other activities, that the extent of tion (NSF) Director Rita R. Colwell assumed the position of Chairman of Canon public sociology be investigated and documented, that its conduct be validated and U.S. Life Sciences, Inc., upon her retirement from the NSF, effective February 21, recognized, and that ASA explore possible sources of funding to complement ASA’s 2004. Canon U.S. Life Sciences is a newly created, Washington-based subsidiary applied social research and social policy activities. The report also highlighted the of Canon U.S.A., Inc., whose goal is to identify and develop life-science solu- potential for promoting greater public visibility of the Community Action Research Initiative. tions with potential applications in diagnostics and medical instrumentation. Resonating to the charge and Arden Bement, Director of the Commerce Department’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), will take over as interim director. During ideas for action that emanated from Members of the former Task this Task Force (see accompanying Colwell’s nearly six-year term, NSF received the highest achievement ratings of Force on Building Bridges to the any federal agency in performance on the President’s Management Agenda and box), chaired by Greg Squires of Real World George Washington University, was named a “model” agency by the White House. Colwell initiated programs Council praised the work of the to increase NSF’s investment in mathematics and to integrate mathematics with Gregory D. Squires (Chair), George Task Force and voted to extend the the life and social sciences, urged and obtained substantial increases in gradu- Washington University charge in an effort to help achieve ate-student stipends, and called for expanded opportunities for minorities and Earl Babbie, Chapman University some of these suggested goals. women in the nation’s science and engineering communities. Andrew Barlow, Oakland, CA Thus, Council constituted a new 4 Rodney D. Coates, Miami University Sociologist Waite chairs NIH-wide basic behavioral/social science working task force, named the Task Force on group . . . . Three sociologists are among the newly appointed 13 members of the the Institutionalization of Public Natalie Hannon, New York, NY Linda C. Majka, University of Dayton basic science working group of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Advisory Sociology, responding in part to Catherine Mobley, Clemson University Committee, which will advise NIH Director Elias Zerhouni. Sociologist Linda member requests that ASA more Michael E. O’Neal, Augsburg College Waite, University of Chicago, will chair the group, which includes sociologist actively help formulate guidelines Randy Stoecker, University of Toledo James Jackson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor; and sociologist David for the evaluation of public sociol- Diane Vaughan (Council Liaison), Boston Takeuchi, University of Washington. The new working group also includes phy- ogy activities of academic sociolo- College sicians, research psychologists, and others: Richard Axel, Columbia University; gists in particular. Some members Mercedes Rubio (ASA Staff Liaison) Maja Bucan, University of Pennsylvania; Laura Carstensen, Stanford Univer- of the Bridges Task Force will Roberta M. Spalter-Roth (ASA Staff Liaison) sity; Richard Davidson; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Susan Fiske, Princeton continue on the new Task Force to Torrey Androsky (ASA Task Force Assistant) University; William Greenough, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign; ensure continuity, and ASA Frances Horowitz, City University of New York; Robert Levenson, University of members with interest and experi- Nominations, including self-nominations, California-Berkely; Bruce McEwen, Rockefeller University; Jane Menken, Uni- ence in the three charges listed are sought for this task force. Nominations below are encouraged to volunteer versity of Colorado-Boulder; and James Smith, RAND Corporation. Sociologist should include a statement of interest and a to serve on the new Task Force. Virginia Cain, Acting Director of the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Science brief biographical sketch on relevant “The new task force would Research (OBSSR), will serve as the NIH liaison. The group’s official charge is to background and expertise. Send nomina- propose ways to anchor ‘Public examine NIH’s support for research in the behavioral and social sciences that is tions and supporting materials to American Sociology’ in a more a permanent fundamental to the prevention, treatment, and cure of illnesses, but which is not Sociological Association, Attn: Governance, and concrete form within the directed at specific diseases/disorders. The group’s work will include a review 1307 New York Avenue, NW, Suite 700, discipline,” said ASA President of NIH’s current basic behavioral and social science research portfolio, identifi- Washington, DC 20005. The deadline for Michael Burawoy. cation of areas of opportunity, and examination of barriers in the grant submis- submission of nominations is May 1. A “We need to validate and sion and peer review process. The working group will develop and provide subcommittee of the ASA Council will legitimize public sociology as a recommendations to the Advisory Committee to the Director by fall of 2004. review the nominations and select the worthy endeavor for sociologists. 4 members. Appointments will be made by National Advisory Mental Health Council . . . . met in early February and We need to give departments (and June. Members will serve two-year terms welcomed sociologist Peter Salovey, Yale University, as a new Council member. other bodies) guidelines that will and the Task Force will meet at the 2004 Top on the list of issues for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in help them adjudicate between good Annual Meeting in San Francisco. the coming year is the impact of dwindling funding increases projected for the and bad public sociology if they so National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NIMH. The final FY04 budget resulted wish to include public sociology in in a 3.1% increase for NIMH, and the Bush Administration proposed a mere their faculty review process. We need to make visible the invisible, to formally recog- 2.7% increase for NIH in FY05. Faced with tightening budgets, NIMH Director nize the considerable amount of public sociology that already goes on and to develop Tom Insel anticipates that the NIMH payline (i.e., the cutoff level at which com- incentives for its enrichment and dissemination,” said Burawoy. petitive grant proposals receive funding) will likely drop from 20% to 18% in the Thus, this newly charged task force is a continuation and expansion of the Bridges near future. to the Real World Task Force, and Council charged it to: 1. Develop proposals for the recognition and validation of on-going public sociology, 4 New NIMH branch to focus on aging . . . . The National Institute of Mental proposals that would bring to light how extensive is the practice of public sociology Health (NIMH) announced in February that it was creating two new branches as well as advertising its variety. within the Division of Services and Intervention Research. Barry Lebowitz, who 2. Develop guidelines for evaluating public sociology as a scholarly enterprise for will also head the NIMH-wide Aging Consortium, will lead the new Aging Treat- departments that wish to make good public sociology a criterion of merit and ment and Preventative Interventions Research Branch. Acting Director Matthew promotion. Rudorfer will lead the new Adult Treatment and Preventative Interventions 3. Propose incentives and rewards for doing public sociology, including identifying Branch until a permanent director is found. The creation of a new aging branch possible sources of funding to support public sociology. was just one recommendation from the NIMH Council Report, Mental Health for ASA members interested in serving on the task force should write to ASA (see a Lifetime: Research for the Mental Health Needs of Older Americans. To read the NIMH ❑ instructions in accompanying sidebar). Council Report, see
Developments in Data Sharing in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
by Duane F. Alwin, Why Is Data Sharing Desirable? ments on this draft from several scientific will be considered legitimate efforts to organizations and many individuals. restrict access to data. Pennsylvania State University and In most discussions about data After review of the proposed policy and Despite the salutary consequences of University of Michigan-Ann Arbor sharing, it is assumed that the data from comments, NIH published on February mobilizing for more widespread sharing large-scale studies require substantial 26, 2003, a finalized statement.1 The of data in the social and behavioral ver the past several decades—at investments of time and resources and O following is an excerpt from the NIH sciences, there are some data that should least since the 1960s—there have been are too expensive to reproduce or policy statement on data sharing: not be made publicly available. This is major changes in the ways in which many duplicate (i.e., the data in question are especially true when rare populations are of the social and economic sciences have unique). Why should investigators who NIH reaffirms its support for the the object of the study. Whether such data developed data resources for the investi- collect such unique data resources make concept of data sharing. We believe that come from clinical populations, or other gation of social and scientific problems. them available to others? data sharing is essential for expedited naturally developed populations, the risk There are two important trends: (1) The Data analysis often involves making translation of research results into of disclosure may far outweigh whatever development of large-scale cooperative choices that might affect the results. It is knowledge, products, and procedures to benefit there is to the widespread research projects conducted collectively by often desirable to replicate analyses improve human health. The NIH dispersal of such data. In general popula- experts in various fields of study that pool conducted by the initial investigators. endorses the sharing of final research tion studies, even when direct identifiers, ideas and resources, and (2) A movement Given large and complex data structures, data to serve these and other important such as names, addresses, telephone toward archiving data resources collected it is important that those who collect the scientific goals. The NIH expects and numbers, and Social Security numbers, using public funds in centralized, comput- data allow other researchers to examine supports the timely release and sharing are removed from a dataset, there may erized data archives, so that the data are them in order to achieve standards of of final research data from NIH- also be other indirect information that can available to all scien- objectivity. supported studies for use by other lead to identification of research partici- tists. Knowing that researchers. pants (e.g., detailed occupational and There are several others will likely Dozens of valuable datasets The data-sharing policy took effect geographic information). Data that cannot pioneering examples of be looking at the exist that are “owned” by with applications submitted for the be distributed through data archives can models for conducting data files at a October 1, 2004, deadline. It applies to all be accessed under restricted data arrange- research in the modern individual investigators. future point may applications seeking $500,000 or more in ments, such as data enclaves or data-sharing era of social science that Access to these data is often hold researchers to direct costs in any year of the project agreements. embody both of these thwarted. . . . These norms the highest period. Investigators submitting such trends. The Panel Study were once ubiquitous in the possible scientific types of applications are required to Conclusion of Income Dynamics field of sociology, and while standards. submit a “data-sharing plan” (i.e., state (PSID), the Health and No matter the how they are going to share their data The ultimate enforcement of the NIH Retirement Study, the vestiges of them remain, quality of the with other researchers, or, if not, state data-sharing policy lies at the program National Election Study things have changed. initial investiga- why not). level within the relevant Institutes. NIH (NES) (all conducted by tion, most scien- There are program officers will be the University of tific discourse limitations to the focal point for Michigan’s Survey Research Center), and requires subsequent extension in ways data sharing that The federal government discussions of data- the National Opinion Research Center’s sharing issues. It is in not anticipated by the original investiga- NIH recognizes, increasingly plays a role in General Social Survey [see Footnotes May/ tors. Therefore, it is almost always as illustrated by NIH’s interest to develop June 2003, p. 6] are four prominent necessary for other researchers to the following making data resources col- workable models for examples. Other examples could be given, examine the data further in order to qualification: lected using public funds data sharing and this but the essential principle is that investi- refine and extend the initial findings and NIH recog- available to researchers. ideally should be carried gators who collect the data archive them to develop tests of other hypotheses not nizes that data out through partnership for others to use. considered in the original research. sharing may be with research constituen- In addition, a number of governmental Finally, prior findings can often be complicated or limited, in some cases, by cies and institutions that have archival surveys and public use samples from placed in a new light by adopting institutional policies, local IRB rules, as functions. censuses are available to researchers in the innovations, both theoretical and well as local, state, and Federal laws and Data archives such as the Inter- social, economic, and health sciences. The methodological, that were previously regulations, including the Privacy Rule. University Consortium for Political and mechanisms for making such data unavailable. Application of new tech- When data sharing is limited, appli- Social Research have pioneered in the accessible to social scientists vary from niques of data analysis (e.g. , new ways cants are expected to explain such development of technologies for reducing survey to survey, but provisions exist for of handling non-response in longitudinal limitations in the data-sharing plan. or removing potential risks of data review and dissemination of most federal studies) can often place research findings NIH recognizes that investigators may disclosure. In addition to the valuable surveys. in sharper relief or solve problems that object to sharing research data and that archival role they play, data archives have were not possible earlier. “investigators who collect the data have a an essential contribution to make in the Pseudo-proprietary Norms legitimate interest in benefiting from their area of data sharing. One key role is In contrast to the economic and social NIH Data-sharing Policy investment of time and effort.” In order to developing data-sharing models, which allow the sharing of data in non-tradi- sciences, other fields (e.g., psychology, The federal government increasingly balance investigators’ desire to protect tional ways. epidemiology, and medical sciences) have plays a role in making data resources their own interests and the demand for Through the development of confer- no tradition for sharing data. Indeed, the collected using public funds available to public access to anonymized data, the ences and/or workshops, the funding norm within many fields is that the researchers. For example, the Census NIH defines “the timely release and agencies and data archives can bring investigator’s relationship to data is Bureau and other federal agencies sharing” of initial data to be “no later researchers together for focused discus- viewed as proprietary; or the property of traditionally make data surveys available than the acceptance for publication of the sions of issues, advantages, procedures, the investigator(s) who gathered it, in various forms. Due in part to pressure main findings from the final dataset.” and options for data sharing in the “new” despite the fact that it is typically collected from its constituencies, the National NIH expects “the initial investigators may era. These organizations can promote the using public resources. I call this pseudo- Institutes of Health (NIH) formulated a benefit from first and continuing use but understanding of data sharing in research proprietary to distinguish it from propri- policy on data sharing that requires not from prolonged exclusive use.” traditions where the concept is not well etary data, the collection of which is certain investigators to submit a data- understood. supported by nongovernmental organiza- sharing plan with their application for Implementation of NIH Policy With the movement of the tide from tions. research funding. The enforcement of the NIH data- “what’s mine is mine” to “what’s mine is Dozens of valuable datasets exist that It is sharing policy lies with yours,” the NIH funding agencies, the are “owned” by individual investigators. important to NIH program officers, data archives, and the research commu- Access to these data is often thwarted by note that the Despite the salutary conse- who are charged with nity all have a crucial role to play in claims that the data cannot be made public NIH recog- “overseeing the data- helping foster the ultimate goal of because of promises made to respondents, nizes the quences of mobilizing for more sharing policy and for advancing research in the social and or that the investigator is protecting his or Federal widespread sharing of data in assessing the appropri- behavioral sciences through data sharing. her own interest and investment by Privacy Rule the social and behavioral sci- ateness and adequacy retaining the sole right to the data. These and ensures ences, there are some data that of the proposed data- Note considerations reflect a different set of that the rights should not be made publicly sharing plan.” NIH traditions and norms concerning data and privacy of sections that review 1Visit the NIH website at
Highlights of the upcoming 2004 Annual Meeting. . . Four Daylong Courses to Enrich 2004 Annual Meeting The 2004 Annual Meeting in San scholarship of teaching (and learning) more specifically. Participants will be design, implementation, and review of Francisco expands the continuing (SoTL). Sociologists are well situated to be provided with materials and information research. It provides investigators with a professional education courses begun in active scholars of teaching and learning, related to conceptualizing a teaching- richer understanding of key ethical 2002. Four daylong special courses head as many of our concepts, methods, and learning problem to be studied, choosing concepts and the tools for assessing best the list, all offered on August 13, the day findings bear directly on teaching and appropriate methodologies, considering ethical practices in the context of social before the Annual Meeting. Watch learning. To quote Lee Shulman, President ethical issues, finding presentation and science research. It also offers guidance on Footnotes for information about these of the Carnegie Foundation: publication outlets, documenting SoTL the preparation of protocols and effective courses as well as about additional Scholarly teaching is what every one of us work, and applying what is learned to communication with Institutional Review seminars and workshops to be held this should be engaged in every day that we improve teaching and learning. Opportu- Boards (IRBs). The course is comprised of August. The Program Committee seeks to are in a classroom, in our office with nities will be provided for questions, and three major units: (1) Understanding key offer intensive educational training students, tutoring, lecturing and to work on and discuss participant ideas concepts and ethical guidance in human opportunities for attendees with top- conducting discussions. All the roles we for SoTL projects. subjects research, (2) Putting human notch faculty. The four daylong courses play pedagogically. Our work as teachers research protections into practice in social and lead faculty are as follows: should meet the highest scholarly Human Research Subject Protection in science research, and (3) Comprehending standards of groundedness, of openness, Sociology and the Social Sciences the IRB process and the role of review. The Scholarship of Teaching of clarity, and complexity. But, it is only Felice J. Levine, American Educational Participants will examine federal regula- and Learning when we step back and reflect systemati- Research Association tions and their underlying principles; [Co-sponsored with the Carnegie Founda- cally on the teaching we have done, and For the third consecutive year, ASA ethical standards provided by social and tion for the Scholarship of Teaching and that systematic analysis and reflection will offer the course in Human Subject behavioral science societies (e.g., American Learning] leads to a recounting of what we’ve done, Protection, which is designed to help Sociological Association’s Code of Ethics); in a form that can be publicly reviewed researchers understand and comply with and core concepts in human subjects Kathleen McKinney, Illinois State University, and built upon by our peers, that we have protection with particular attention to Cross Chair in the Scholarship of Teaching important ethical as well as federal moved from scholarly teaching to a guidelines for dealing with human research in the social sciences. Partici- and Learning scholarship of teaching. pants will receive hands-on training in a Ernest Boyer’s best-selling book, subjects. The course has been well This hands-on workshop will intro- received as a way to achieve in-depth mock IRB session, as they review and Scholarship Reconsidered, launched and duce participants to SoTL in higher discuss case studies that raise relevant energized a conversation about the understanding of the complexity around education generally and in sociology, human subjects protection issues in the issues in human subjects protection. Continued on next page
Cardoso, from page 1
Cardoso handed over power to a demo- classes. Today, Cardoso says he would prob- opposition from political parties and state cratically elected successor from a Of course, there were some aspects of ably place more emphasis on political bureaucrats, and notes the difficulties different party. being a politician that were harder to processes than he did then, but the same involved in dealing with chaotic groups This fall, in the wood-paneled Wash- learn. Above all, he says, he disliked the insistence on recognizing historically or sometimes intemperate movement ington office where he is writing a book fact that during campaigns “you have to specific relations explicitly informed activists whose goals may not be clear or analyzing his presidential experiences say things you don’t believe in—or at Cardoso’s political strategy. Arguing that explicit. But he is clearly proud of his during a fellowship at the Library of least, you don’t believe you can do it was important to distinguish between administration’s accomplishment. Congress, Cardoso’s comments reflect a precisely as you proposed.” Indeed, he different fractions of the Brazilian elite, he “In the end, we built a new path of remarkable dual career: simultaneously says, he was continually surprised that he persuaded Brazil’s democratic opposition democracy,” he says. The goal was “not sociologist and elder statesman, he is as could win elections, since his unwilling- to seek support from centrist businessmen just to hold elections, but to transform our likely to invoke Keynes, Habermas, or ness to make unattainable campaign and manufacturers as well as from institutions into much stronger institu- Marx as he is to mention a recent conver- promises ensured “I was never a normal progressive social movements, undermin- tions, and simultaneously to open up the sation with Bill Clinton, Nelson Mandela, political figure in Brazil.” ing the military regime and creating a door to movements,” creating a state that or Kofi Annan. When he first began campaigning, he coalition that twice elected him to the will continue to be more inclusive and Justifiably proud of his presidency— had to learn to feel comfortable with the presidency. democratic in the future. unquestionably the most democratic and physical contact involved in shaking Last year, Kofi Annan appointed stable period thus far in Brazilian his- hands and embracing supporters, Political Inclusion Cardoso leader of a global task force tory—Cardoso points with pride to a Cardoso says—a far cry from scholastic Similarly, as a sociologist, Cardoso seeking to increase non-governmental recent article in the leading Sao Paulo solitude. He also had to learn to speak to insists that the state should be viewed as organizations’ (NGO) participation in newspaper. The article states that even mass meetings, which he found quite an arena of struggle, rather than simply as discussions at the United Nations. Unlike current president Luis Inacio da Silva, different from the more sedate audiences an instrument of class domination. From most former heads of state—who tend to who led the leftwing opposition through- of the lecture hall. “I learned how to be this perspective, it is perhaps not surpris- insist that international institutions out Cardoso’s presidency, now praises very simple, go straight to the point,” he ing that today, Cardoso considers his should be ruled only by member states’ Cardoso’s social programs, which says. Perhaps, he adds, he was helped in presidency’s greatest accomplishment the votes—Cardoso welcomes increased increased primary school enrollment this by his experiences teaching outside creation of new channels of participa- participation of transnational civil society. (especially for poor black Brazilians) to Brazil; although he appears enviably tion—an accomplishment in which he Pointing to the environment, nuclear near-universal levels, reduced infant fluent in English, French, and Spanish, he acknowledges the important role of his disarmament, or diseases like AIDS as mortality, and slowed the spread of AIDS insists that a more limited vocabulary in wife, Ruth Cardoso, a well-known issues that go beyond a national frame- by providing free medical treatment for those languages forced him to learn how Brazilian anthropologist who is widely work, for which “national borderlines all HIV-positive Brazilians. to be more succinct and straightforward respected for her work on and with cannot limit discussion,” Cardoso believes Noting Max Weber’s active participa- than he would have been in Portuguese. Brazilian social movements. problems are increasingly global. Cardoso tion in German politics, Cardoso insists Cardoso’s analysis of his presidency is In contrast to the elitist tendencies of notes that non-governmental organiza- that intellectuals can use theoretical as double-sided as his career, amounting Brazilian political culture of the past, tions already influence global discussions, perspectives to analyze the choices they almost to a participant-observation study Cardoso sought to increase the participa- and many of the most important recent face in historically specific circumstances. of globalization and democratization. tion of social movements and non- discussions at the United Nations have “A sociological eye helps to understand Drawing on sophisticated theoretical governmental organizations in policy been at conferences dominated by NGOs. the situation,” he says—although he adds understandings of the capitalist state and discussions. Throughout his administra- These organizations’ legitimacy, he says, that the sociologist’s understanding that global political economy to analyze tion, he created new channels for voices is derived from the nature of the issues there are larger forces at play may also choices he made in office, he insists that from the environmental movement, the they raise rather than from votes in the increase politicians’ anxiety, by reminding critics who suggest he abandoned his Indian movement, the black movement, General Assembly. them of the limits of their capacity to own theories of economic dependency are the women’s movement, and the landless “Nowadays, patterns of democracy control larger structural processes. wrong. “What happened was that the people’s movement in national debates. and of movements are transnational,” he whole situation changed, not just my He even invited activists into his presi- says, and the United Nations must be Explaining Substance vision. Things really changed,” he says, dential office. open to those influences. “I firmly believe But, he says, his experience as a emphasizing the way global economic As even his critics acknowledge, these that in this century we have to try to sociologist may have helped him as a integration altered the challenges facing voices clearly influenced Cardoso’s develop values that are more cosmopoli- politician in less-predictable ways. As a countries like Brazil. policies; during his presidency, Brazil tan than parochial,” he says. We need to sociologist, he says, he was perhaps better Some continuities, however, are made significant strides in reducing racial learn to see humanity “as a new historical poised to explain complex political ideas obvious. In the mid-1970s, Cardoso and inequality, protecting indigenous people’s actor,” finding ways to incorporate to mass audiences. In contrast to the co-author Enzo Faletto argued in their rights, and distributing land to formerly diversity and difference, recognizing flowery rhetoric common to Brazilian classic Dependency and Development in landless peasants, as well as virtually asymmetries of power, but replacing politicians, Cardoso had had practice Latin America that the key to understand- eliminating child labor and greatly parochial perspectives with a more global discussing the substantive issues underly- ing economic and political dynamics in expanding medical care. one. ing economic or social policy debates, the third world lies in analyzing histori- This political inclusion did not come cally specific class relations, both globally from teaching large undergraduate easily; Cardoso underscores the degree of See Cardoso, page 11 and within individual countries. MARCH 2004 FOOTNOTES 7
Courses, from page 6
Introductory Sociology in High School quantitative and qualitative data. Many
by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, every region Dalits (for- water, as well as the preservation of Department of Sociology, University of of the world to merly the biodiversity and natural resources, and Coimbra, and Law School, University of the same “untouch- the defense of forests against agro- Wisconsin-Madison economic ables”), one of business and lumber industry. model and its the lower he fourth World Social Forum consequences: castes, made a Diffusion of Action T deepening of (WSF) was a very significant step toward very strong By its very success, the Mumbai WSF social in- consolidating the WSF process. The three appearance at creates new challenges for the WSF equalities, previous Forums, having taken place in the Forum. Of process, and I focus on three primary demoraliza- Porto Alegre, Brazil, attracted only a the 100,000 ones. The first is the Forum’s expansion. tion of the modest number of African and Asian participants, It is not just a question of geographic state, and delegates, leading many to believe that Half of Mumbais 16 million residents are slum more than expansion, but the expansion of themes destruction of the WSF, even though allegedly world- dwellers. 20,000 were and perspectives as well. Meeting in the environ- wide, was indeed a Latin American and Dalits, who Mumbai, the IC decided to encourage ment. In this European initiative. The success of the saw the the organization of local, national, sense, the choice of Mumbai as the Mumbai WSF signifies that the spirit of Forum as a unique opportunity to regional, and thematic forums, in order venue of the 2004 WSF could not have Porto Alegre—the “Porto Alegre Con- denounce the discrimination that to synthesize the “Porto Alegre Consen- been wiser. With its population of about sensus” that a more just world with victimizes them. Second, religion, which sus” with the concrete struggles that 16 million, Mumbai is the living symbol solidarity is possible, as is the political in the West tends to carry less weight mobilize such a diversity of social of the contradictions of capitalism in our will to fight for it—constitutes a univer- because of the secularization of power, in groups across the globe. Furthermore, time. An important financial and sal aspiration. If the WSF could be the East is a crucial social and political the WSF has been collecting an impres- technological center and the site of recreated in Asia, there is no reason why factor. Religious fundamentalism—a sive amount of knowledge concerning India’s thriving film industry, it couldn’t be recreated in Africa or in plague all over Asia, including India its organizations and movements, the Bollywood, which produces more than any other part of the world. In fact, the itself with the increasing politicization of world we live in, and the proposals that 200 movies a year for an increasingly decision has already been made that the Hinduism—was a major topic for go on being presented and implemented global audience, Mumbai is a city whose WSF following 2005 (set for Porto Alegre debate, as was the role of spirituality in to change it. This knowledge must be extreme poverty easily shocks western since last year) will take place in Africa. the social struggles for a better world. carefully evaluated to be adequately eyes. More than half of the population Whether in 2006 or 2007 depends on Third, having taken place in Asia, the used and render the Forum more lives in slums (roughly two million live whether the WSF continues to be an Forum could not help but pay special transparent to itself, thus allowing for on the streets), whereas 73 percent of the annual event or becomes biennial, a attention to the struggle for peace, not self-learning for all the activists and families, usually large, live in one-room decision to be made at the next meeting only because it is in West Asia (from Iraq movements involved in the WSF tenements. The recent spread of an of the WSF International Council (IC) to Afghanistan), where U.S. war aggres- process. Finally, as knowledge accumu- informal economy has turned two this coming April. sion is strongest, but also because today, lates and the large areas of convergence percent of the population into street South Asia (India and Pakistan) is a are identified, the need for developing vendors. The struggle against this Globalization and Discontent region full of nuclear weapons. Having plans of collective action increases. The background of inequalities in India gains all this in mind, the Social Movements issue is not so much to augment the The Mumbai WSF succeeded in specific nuances that have left their mark Assembly called a world march against WSF’s efficacy as a global actor— demonstrating that the universal on this Forum in four primary ways. the war on March 20, the first anniver- efficaciousness is not gauged by global aspiration of the spirit of Porto Alegrea First, on top of economic, sexual, and sary of the invasion of Iraq. Fourth, at as much as by local and national requires specific tonalities in different ethnic inequalities, there are caste the Mumbai WSF the western concep- actions—but mainly to prepare re- regions of the globe. Its universality is inequalities, which, though abolished by tion of ecological struggles gave way to sponses to the attempts of the World actually a product of the very reach of the Constitution, continue to be a neoliberal globalization, which subjects broader concepts, so as to include the Bank, International Monetary Fund, and decisive factor of discrimination. The struggle for food sovereignty, land and See Mumbai on the next page WSF, from page 1
political elites. The next two WSFs were closed-down organiza- programs and strategies emerged. also in Porto Alegre. By 2002 the WSF textile plant— tions saved Within the WSF process, tensions International Council realized it had to into a vibrant funds for around the politics and vision of take the WSF to other developing world venue. two years in “another world” resulted in Mumbai regions to further globalize the bottom- NESCO and order to Resistance (MR) 2004 directly across the up movement. Though initially declining thousands of bring highway. Many of us participated in to host the WSF, India agreed after jobs have delegations both. MR created a safe space for a playing a key role in the very successful moved from to Mumbai. variety of socialist, communist, women’s Asian Social Forum; and in 2004 the WSF India’s textile The Dalits and social movement organizations who came to Mumbai. center in (“untouch- wanted to clearly state that their vision Within the WSF process, the U.S. Mumbai to ables”), for “another world” is socialism, that Grassroots Global Justice (GGJ) network China. Adivasi capitalism cannot be reformed, and that grew out of a few U.S. grassroots groups Ironically, (tribal/ this space is open to all who support that who were in Porto Alegre in 2001. They English was indigenous world. It had an openness we found in saw that the U.S. social and economic the main peoples), other gathering places inside and justice movement was not represented language of WSF crowd at the opening celebration of Mumbai event poor and outside of the WSF around the nexus of by those most adversely affected by the the WSF, on January 16, 2004. working class struggles and popular movements ravages of globalization and neoliberal reflecting the class in India and in today’s developing global policies, but instead by big NGOs, enduring women, movement. foundations, think tanks, and academics, legacy of British colonialism. Present in students and youth, and the New Trade mostly white and middle class. GGJ was the slums and streets of Mumbai and at Union Initiative’s (NTUI) workers in the Not Just Workplace Issues born to bring the faces and voices of the WSF were the profound effects of organized and most marginalized We noted several trends at the WSF worker, youth, people of color, indig- imperialist globalization—the growing unorganized sectors comprised almost and MR. First, growing understanding enous and low-income led organizations gap between wealth and poverty—and half the participants. among the organized sector of labor of of the “developing world” into the WSF the movement rising up against it. Half This history, struggle, and energy the interpenetration of worker and process. Last year in Porto Alegre and of Mumbai’s 16 million people live in converged in more than 1,000 sessions— oppressed peoples struggles (i.e., this year in Mumbai GGJ brought 100 abject poverty, many of them in slum opening and closing celebrations, workers cannot be organized solely on grassroots leaders from the United dwellings, creative and complex systems plenaries, panels, self-organized semi- the basis of workplace issues, and that States, as well as Canada, Mexico, and of housing, work places, shops, and nars and workshops, solidarity tents, the totality of their lives must be ad- other Latin American countries, to prayer locations, or on the streets. and activist assemblies—addressing a dressed). Second, the similarity of the connect with the bottom-up global Globalization, including dam projects multitude of issues organized around effects of globalization in India and the movement. that are destroying the ecology and five themes: neoliberal globalization, war United States (e.g., the prevalence of The WSF 2004 expressed the rich and damaging survival strategies, is forcing and militarism, caste oppression, contract or day labor in construction and powerful Indian context. The Indian additional millions off their land and patriarchy, and religious fundamental- the concentration of women and Dalits organizing committee made a conscious into urban slums. These conditions ism. Anti-war, anti-imperialist, and anti- in this sector in India) while recognizing decision to refuse funds from large U.S. spawned dynamic new leadership neoliberal policy dialogue and protest that the particular history of India and of foundations and used great ingenuity in among those most exploited and took center stage. Inevitable differences transforming the NESCO grounds—a oppressed. Indian workers and popular between reform and revolutionary See WSF on the next page MARCH 2004 FOOTNOTES 9 Among Women at Mumbai This is the third of three articles on the January 2004 World Social Forum meeting in Mumbai, India. These articles echo the “Public Sociologies” theme of the 2004 ASA Annual Meeting in San Francisco. by Patricia Ticineto Clough, Center for the for occupation and war. searing criticism of Indian local and about war and violence, racism, and Study of Women and Society, international politics. fundamentalisms in everyday life, while CUNY-Graduate Center Women Speak Out Not only were there panels, attended there was an ongoing rethinking of We arrived on the opening night of by thousands, on women against war, imperialism in terms of the transnational As the Pakistani band Junoon WSF, our heads and waists wrapped women and globalization, women and forces changing governance (or the lack played, its beautiful mix of hard rock with banners, which were covered with fundamentalisms, there were many thereof) across family, community, and spiritual chant rose up in a cry for bright red silk-screened depictions of smaller events focused on human region, and nation. But no analysis was justice and freedom. A crowd of thou- women’s lips, with words printed in (economic, food, water, and land) needed to explain the raw experience of sands sang along, opening the World different translations of “your mouth, security and human rights for women. a culture of fury against recent actions of Social Forum. Two Pakistani women fundamental against fundamentalisms.” But the reports of the violent conditions the U.S. government, taking shape and standing near our group from the United The banners were distributed at the of women’s lives also provided ethno- growing strong in support of a world States translated the words of the song Feminist Dialogue, a mini-conference graphic detail for the analysis of world movement that could not count on the and then tried to teach us the refrain. held two days before the opening of events affecting all of us. From the United States—a realization that social Barely able to hear, I mimicked the WSF. Women, mostly from India, Latin massacre of Muslims at Gujarat, to the change must come from somewhere else. women’s lips moving close to mine. I America, and the United States, had forced displacements of South Korean It was difficult to see the mix of disap- hadn’t thought I would be so moved, so begun planning at the last WSF and over and Bangladeshi migrants, to the pointment and rage on the faces of social excited. the year, through a few meetings and occupation of Afghanistan and the war activists and scholars from around the After three years of co-directing a mostly email communication. They in Iraq, the concern with violence and world. Yet, it is with a sharpened sense Rockefeller Foundation funded seminar worked to ensure a strong presence of violation had a wide cast. The conditions of these feelings, along with a hope in on gender, global capital, and human women and women’s issues at Mumbai of farmers, industrial workers, sex possibility, that solidarity may be built security, I, with a number of others from and had been successful. From the very workers, and thousands of displaced that can enable all of us to do what must the seminar, planned to attend WSF in opening of WSF, there were women children all were discussed. There also be done in the United States and around Mumbai. We had studied women’s speaking out. Arundhati Roy, perhaps was the organizational effort of the the globe. various locations in the world economy best known star of WSF once again Rainbow Planet, a coalition of groups The World Social Forum closed as it and in the local arrangements of gover- earned her fame with a rousing speech working for the rights of homosexuals, opened with singing and dancing after nance, work, family, and community, insisting that the people of the world bisexuals, transsexuals, transgenders, marching through the streets of Mumbai, and the need for change seemed clear, needed to win a victory against corpora- sex workers, persons living with HIV/ and I realized that I had learned as much even as the means for change seemed tions, especially those supporting war in AIDS, and other persons oppressed from what I saw as what I heard— elusive. While the notion of human Iraq. Roy was joined by Nobel Prize because of their sexuality and gender especially from the march of resistant security had taken on force at the end of winner Shirin Ebadi from Iran, who bore expression. They made a visual display, bodies with voices raised in protest: the Cold War and had gained further the cause of peace, the end of occupation pasting rainbow colored flags every- 10,000 children, 30,000 dalits and adivasi, support in the wake of a global economy and war, into the heart of WSF, where, of the necessity of WSF’s attend- 4,000 sex workers, hundreds of that was severely cutting away provi- reframing its primary focus on a political ing to persons seeking not only the right transgendered persons, thousands of sions for the welfare of people, by the economic critique of neoliberalism and to life and work but also recognition and peasants and trade unionists, Palestin- start of our seminar in September 2001, global capital. Social activist and famed dignity. Marching through the lanes ians against occupation, Koreans against “human security” had become linked actress Shabana Azmi brought the between the tents and meeting halls, the U.S. intervention, and men and women again to the expansion of state powers concerns of women home, offering a Rainbow Planet carried vibrant colored from all over the world against the war and noisy banners: “My Gender, My in Iraq. Right,” “Hijras Are Women,” “Judge Riding for the last time in a rickshaw, Mumbai, from page 8 Not, Support Sexual Preference.” They back to my hotel in Juju Beach just marched along with thousands of others minutes from Goregaon where the the World Economic Forum meeting in workshops were devoted to this general bearing their causes. The mass of bodies forum was held, I looked out at another Davos to co-opt the agendas of the WSF topic. One, “New Partnerships for New we became—endlessly moving and part of Bombay. I had seen a number of and sanitize them in favor of solutions Knowledges,” was organized by the crying out—was part of the insistence areas of the city, often while lost, riding that will leave the ongoing economic Center for Social Studies (CES) of the that WSF be “an open space” for in the back of a rickshaw. While not my disorder intact. Given its open-space University of Coimbra. The participants speaking with one another, for telling first time in India, this time I saw it and nature, the WSF will not present propos- were social scientists and activists, stories, for strategizing across various myself differently. The place is so als in its own name; it will rather including Immanuel Wallerstein, and differences and complexities. wondrous because of its intensity—not facilitate the articulation between the myself among the social scientists. The exotic or incomprehensible, not at all. networks that constitute it, in order to discussion concentrated on themes that Building Solidarity There simple is no way to capture the deepen plans of collective action and put are at the core of the idea of public Even at the star panels where speak- multiple temporalities, the differences of them into practice. sociology: the relationship between ers focused on political, and economic scale in everyday living. And I had the expertise and engagement; from critique analysis—offering an anti-Davos critique sense that this too was the force of the Core Public Sociology to plans for action; the reliability of the of neoliberalism—issues also were raised World Social Forum, a multiple force that ❑ The twofold need to evaluate and knowledge underlying social struggles is making a difference. spread the accumulated knowledge and and its critique; the impact on social scientists of their engagement with lay prepare plans of collective action with a Call for Papers Deadline: April 1, 2004 sound political and technical basis led to or popular knowledge; activists as more discussion than in previous producers of knowledge. Forums of the relationship between A proposal for a Popular University expert and grassroots knowledge, and, of Social Movements was also presented more specifically, between social at the workshop. It can be viewed at ❑ scientists and popular struggles. Several
WSF, from page 8 the United States still condition the session and workshop organizers who precise ways in which class exploitation, still seem to prefer “talking heads” and caste, color, and gender play out. Third, “passive participants.” there is powerful movement and Movement building for global leadership of women in all sectors of the transformation brings together theoreti- struggle (e.g., in labor, especially the cal analysis and political practice in a unorganized construction sector, slum new movement. Capitalist globalization dwellings and against communalism or in the electronic age and militarism are right wing fundamentalism). Fourth, our creating the conditions for developing presence as Americans was met with the consciousness, vision, and strategy curiosity, but was warmly embraced, for a popular movement that is locally particularly after we shared that we, too, grounded, nationally networked, and opposed capitalist globalization and U.S. globally connected. The realities of 21st militarism. Fifth, there is a need to century globalization challenge all to transform the form as well as the content build a deeper, broader, and more of our global conversation and dialogue. unified movement. The WSF process and To build a popular bottom-up movement the U.S.-based GGJ network offer an requires popular forms of education and opportunity to assess where the move- communication, but these popular forms ment around the world is and ways of have yet to be widely accepted by connecting with it to make it happen. ❑ 10 MARCH 2004 FOOTNOTES
Public Forum Spotlight on Departments An occasional column showcasing accomplishments Is Social Forces Still a Mere Degrees of and innovations in sociology departments “Core Journal”? Reflected Lunar Light? In the December 2003 Footnotes (pp. 7, Whatever the putative value of Georgetown University’s Social Justice Analysis Concen- 10), Michael P. Allen has updated his Michael Patrick Allen’s proposal of 13 earlier ranking and “core influence” years ago for an “objective measure of tration Deepens the Curriculum and the Community scores for 90 sociology journals from the journal quality that [he] termed core three-year period 1986-88 (hereafter influence,” the search for that chimera by Jean Beaman, Academic and strategies of justice practice. The Project “1988”) to the more recent period 1999- ought to have ended in 1990, when it first Professional Affairs Office DC course is a yearlong capstone 2001 (hereafter, “2001”). He offers an made its way into the pages of this designed as a community-based research objective measure of journal quality, what newsletter, whose findings are not peer For many years, Georgetown seminar. In this course, students under- he calls “core influence.” He measures the reviewed and whose purpose is to University’s sociology program has take a community research project in the core influence of a journal by the number publicize the work and works of the incorporated community-based learning Washington, DC, metropolitan area. of times articles published in that journal association. Instead, like the return of the and research. This tradition continues “Community-based learning provides have been cited in a given year in what he repressed, it is “revisited” in the current with the formation of a new concentra- students with a sense of empowerment takes to be the three “core journals” of the pages [December 2003 Footnotes, pp. 7, tion within the major, Social Justice and agency,” said Marullo. “It enables discipline of sociology—the American 10]. Analysis, which focuses on theories and them to understand how the practical Journal of Sociology (AJS), the American Dr. Allen’s troubles begin, analysis of structural inequalities. application of their academic skills can Sociological Review (ASR), and Social Forces unsurprisingly, at the level of language: Georgetown intends the concentra- contribute to positive social change.” (SF)—divided by the number of articles he is imprisoned both in metaphor and in tion to be an important element that can Other course requirements include published in that journal in the same year. tautology. The three “core” journals of the make a contribution toward positive Introduction to Sociology, Theory, For as long as I can remember, profession, he asserts with confidence social change. This concentration was Methods, and a community-based conventional wisdom has agreed with that wanes as he progresses, are the developed as a result of the depart- learning elective. The community-based Allen that AJS, ASR, and SF are indeed American Sociological Review (ASR), the ment’s curriculum reform and assess- learning elective combines a regular the leading or “core” journals in sociol- American Journal of Sociology (AJS), and ment process, begun more than two three-credit course with a service- ogy. Allen’s data for both 1988 and 2001 Social Forces (SF). What on earth does learning project. These courses include clearly support this judgment for the AJS “core” mean? It is surely a metaphor years ago. The department rededicated Latino Sociology; Modernization and and ASR, which have the highest core derived through Middle English from a itself to its mission of using “scholarship, Development; Gender Roles; and influence scores and therefore rank first Latin word for heart, but does the teaching, and service to foster imagina- or second among our journals. But, this is discipline have one? Not by Allen’s tions that envision a more just society.” Political Sociology. In the Social Justice not the case for SF. SF ranked not third, account, surely, inasmuch as he would From this vision, the department Practicum course, students can take but fourth in 1988 and fifth in 2001. More justify his search for an “objective established a set of learning goals community-based learning courses importantly, since Allen tells us to pay measure” of journal quality by its ability specific to the sociology major and while studying abroad their junior year. more attention to a journal’s core influ- to advance the careers of junior col- sought to strengthen course offerings to “We anticipate that students will return ence scores than to its rank, SF’s scores leagues, a goal that has more to do with achieve the social justice mission. The from their study abroad with increased are well below those of the AJS and ASR. networking than with evaluation. If the Social Justice Analysis concentration understanding that can be applied to the In 1988, ASR’s score was 8.26, AJS’s 7.37, discipline has become so specialized that “combines a substantive focus on cross-cultural challenges they will face while SF’s was only 3.01. In 2001, these “it [is] often difficult for even established inequalities and employs the pedagogy with social justice work as they continue scores were 13.36 for AJS, 13.05 for ASR, [my emphasis] scholars to make informed of community-based learning, in the Social Justice Analysis program in and 3.87 for SF. Moreover, the ratio of SF’s judgments about the originality and partnering students with local agencies their senior year, working in the DC core influence scores to those of ASR and significance of work outside their areas of and community groups for semester or community,” said Marullo. AJS has declined over time. SF’s score, expertise,” the notion that any journal, or yearlong projects,” explained Depart- This concentration is part of the 0.36 as much as ASR’s in 1988 (3.01/8.26), the three most cited and influential ment Chair and Sociology Professor Sam department’s ongoing efforts to deepen dropped to 0.30 in 2001 (3.87/13.05). journals, constitute a core (other than a Marullo. its curriculum. According to Marullo, Relative to AJS, SF’s scores declined from necrotic one) ought to have been aban- The Social Justice Analysis concentra- “This concentration enables students to 0.41 in 1988 (3.01/7.37) to 0.29 in 2001 doned. But then we are left with a tion can be pursued through either the combine academic learning with (3.87/13.36). In other words, SF’s core tautology—that the three most cited and sociology major or minor. All students practical skills application, providing influence declined from somewhat more influential journals are the most worthy are required to take the gateway course real-world experience in social change than one-third that of ASR and AJS in ones, because they are the most cited and to the concentration, Social Justice processes.” For more information, 1988 to somewhat less than one-third by influential. Allen’s concept of “core Analysis: Theory and Practice. This contact Department Chair Sam Marullo, 2001. influence” flows from this bit of ontologi- course introduces students to the Department of Sociology and Anthropol- This raises a question that Allen did cal gerrymandering (to invoke Woolgar sociological study of justice issues and ogy, Georgetown University, email not deal with adequately: does Social and Pawluch) and concludes circularly [email protected]. ❑ Forces still deserve to be classified as one that other journals cited most frequently of sociology’s three leading journals? in the pages of the three most cited and Allen’s data suggest some strong con- influential journals are themselves tenders. Sociological Methodology, ranked worthier, “objectively,” than lesser others editors, learn again how to read and to can determine how often the three core third after ASR and AJS in 1988, had a that are cited less often in those pages. evaluate quality as quality, rather than in journals are cited by five other general slightly higher core influence score than The table showing the results of degrees of lunar light reflected from interest journals in sociology (e.g., SF, but has dropped to sixth in rank in Allen’s citation search embodies the imaginary suns. Sociological Quarterly, Sociological Forum, 2001, so I do not propose that Sociological confusion in his prose. Several journals Richard Koffler (rkoffler@degruyterny Sociological Perspectives, Sociological Methodology join the Big Three. The that are at least as frequently cited and .com), Executive Editor, Aldine de Gruyter, Inquiry, and Social Science Research). A Annual Review of Sociology, ranked fifth in influential in their own fields (e.g., the simple analysis reveals that, in terms of Hawthorne, NY 1988, has climbed to third in rank in 2001. American Political Science Review, the the average number of citations received Like the AJS and ASR, the Annual Review American Economic Review, and the each year from these five journals, Social of Sociology covers the discipline of Milbank Quarterly) are among the lower- Reply to Marsh, Koffler Forces ranks third (178 citations) after sociology in general, rather than being a tier “top journals” for sociology. This, like American Sociological Review (460 cita- specialized journal like Sociology of so much else in Allen’s article, resembles I welcome this opportunity to address tions), and American Journal of Sociology Education or the Journal of Marriage and the the caterpillar in Alice in Wonderland, some of the questions raised by my (293 citations). Family. The ratio of the Annual Review of himself a connoisseur of cores, who December 2003 Footnotes [pp. 7, 10] In addition, Marsh argues that Annual Sociology’s core influence score to that of draws himself up to his full, objective article. I doubt that Robert Marsh is alone Review of Sociology should be considered the ASR rose from 0.30 to 0.36 between height of five inches, and pronounces that in wondering whether Social Forces one of the core journals in sociology. 1988 and 2001, and relative to the AJS, the height to Alice to be a very fine one deserves to be considered one of the three Annual Review of Sociology is clearly Annual Review of Sociology increased from indeed. And what to make of the appar- core journals in sociology. At first glance, influential in terms of the number of 0.27 to 0.37. ent collapse in objective worth of Symbolic there might seem to be some basis for times it is cited by other sociology I therefore propose that in future Interaction, which slid from a “core questioning this. However, I had men- journals. However, it should not be studies or discussions of the core influ- influence” of 0.71 in 1988 to an abysmal tioned the results of a separate network considered a core journal for several ence of journals, the definition of “core 0.17 in 2001? Take that, Blumer, and that, analysis of the citations among 64 reasons. First, unlike the most other journals” in sociology be amended to: the Goffman, and that, Kitsuse! You are out of sociology journals, which I posted at journals, it does not publish original AJS, ASR and the Annual Review of fashion in the most influential of journals,
Public Forum, continued from page 10 the average number of citations received circumstances that measures of the most sociologists to involve themselves in We stand with Gans, Burawoy, and each year from the five general interest quality of journals are most useful. only “circumscribed engagement” that others who are seriously committed to journals (above). Michael Patrick Allen ([email protected]), “sell[s] us short.” making public sociology a viable way of Richard Koffler waxes poetic in his Washington State University The more experienced Gans and furthering our responsibilities. For this criticisms. He seems especially affronted Etzioni bolster Lachelier’s observations. reason, we recommend the ASA, at the by my use of the term “core.” Following For his part, Gans (2002) avers, “no one least, make a formal statement on how Bourdieu, I view sociology as an intellec- Public Sociology ever receives tenure as a public intellec- work in this area has equal value with tual field and am interested in the relative Challenges Discipline’s tual,” while Etzioni (2003) admits his own other forms of communicating sociologi- positions of researchers, departments, career as an academic and activist has cal knowledge (i.e., research and teach- and journals within this field. I think it is Prestige and Power been a “double life.” “[P]ublic sensibili- ing). Beyond this, the Association should entirely appropriate to describe certain ties and moral values,” he goes on, have support public sociologists in the journals as being “core” in the sense that Structure “often affected my research selections. dissemination of knowledge. It should they occupy central positions in this field. Public sociology is a surging theme Should this admission be held against me promote Contexts, or some other journal, Indeed, one of my goals in examining the and we applaud those who have contrib- when I arrive at the gates of heaven, and I as one mainly for public audiences, and it relationship of various journals to the uted on the subject since Herbert Gans am not allowed into the chambers in should initiate programs to support core journals, and the relationship of urged in the July/August 2002 Footnotes which pure scientists rest, so be it.” public sociologists with innovative ideas these core journals to each another, was to that public sociology “must still be The point is that the proposal to to communicate through modes such as focus attention on the cultural authority institutionalized as a legitimate way of elevate public sociology is upsetting to trade books, documentaries, or popular that they exercise in this field. Sociology doing sociology.” the institutionalized prestige and power literature. At the level where sociologists is, in practice, a heterogeneous field ASA President Michael Burawoy hierarchies of the discipline itself. do their work, we recommend that comprising a variety of somewhat distinct embraces this vision, and it will serve as Ultimately, this is the root of sociology departments take steps to subfields. The more established subfields the organizing theme for the 2004 ASA Hausknecht’s (2002, 2003) objections to ensure that public sociology is an often publish their own specialty jour- Annual Meeting in San Francisco. Burawoy’s “moral conscience” and accepted avenue for promotion, tenure, nals. However, researchers who publish Meanwhile, a key thread of discourse has “activist” notions of public sociology. and salary considerations. in the core journals ignore much of the been offered in Footnotes’ “Public Forum” These forms of “legitimate sociology” are, Finally, we recommend that individual work published in these specialty section by Murray Hausknecht (Decem- after all, disquieting to the hierarchy in sociologists take public sociology journals. Thirteen years ago, in my ber 2002), Burawoy (January 2003), Gans sociology and its connections to the wider seriously. As they do, they should report original article, I suggested, “this analysis (July/August 2002, January 2003), Amitai government and foundation networks their knowledge factually, in combination raises the question of what constitutes the Etzioni (April 2003), Hausknecht (April that support it. As noted by Frances Fox with honest admission of their values, ‘core’ of sociology and the extent to 2003), Bernard Phillips (April 2003), and Piven in her comments upon being passions, and commitments. Without the which certain established specialty areas, Paul Lachelier (December 2003). selected sociology’s most recent award- first, they cannot claim membership in such as demography and criminology, are Beyond the discussion, only “baby winning contributor to “public under- the circle of sociology. Without the relevant to this core.” This is an important steps” have been taken to move toward standing of sociology” (Footnotes, second, they cannot succeed in the public question and is one I hope to address in institutionalizing public sociology. For its September/October 2003, p. 8): forum. the near future. part, the ASA initiated an award in 1997 [W]e have a dilemma as social scientists. We Kenneth L. Stewart (kenneth.stewart@ Koffler is evidently convinced that my recognizing contributions to “public are attracted to power, to the idea or the approach to studying the relationship of angelo.edu), Angelo State University, understanding of sociology.” In 2002 the illusion that we can make an imprint on the Texas, and D. Stanley Eitzen (seitzen2@ various social science journals to these association launched a new magazine, course of events, to the hope that we can make cs.com), Colorado State University core journals is hopelessly tautological. Contexts, to publish articles on “sociologi- a difference. We are also attracted by the As I explained, the selection of American cal topics of interest to the general dollars that government, foundations, and [Editor’s Note: See story on pg. 3 in this Sociological Review, American Journal of public.” Most importantly, the ASA in businesses provide to underwrite our work. issue on ASA’s public sociology task Sociology, and Social Forces as the core recent years has organized and cooper- We cannot wish away either of these influ- force.] ❑ journals within sociology might seem ated with other groups in efforts to ences. arbitrary if it were not substantiated by influence public decisions in areas such as more objective analyses of the network of affirmative action and racial profiling. citations among 64 sociology journals. Countless other steps no doubt are Moreover, the fact that these same core being taken so that public sociology is journals are cited more than any other “enjoying a renaissance,” as Burawoy Cardoso, from page 6 journals by the five other general interest claims (January 2003). But if there is a journals in sociology suggests that my renaissance, there certainly is not a Cardoso argues, however, that a those who describe his government’s findings are not the result of some corresponding reformation heralding a democratic global order cannot be policies simply as neoliberal miss key methodological artifact. In the end, there time when public sociology stands on par created until international institutions— differences between his strategies and is no escaping the fact that some journals with research and teaching as a “legiti- the UN, the International Monetary those followed elsewhere in Latin are cited much more often than others. mate way of doing sociology.” Fund, and other institutions created after America. During his presidency, Brazil One can lament that the cultural authority Why is this so, especially if the the Second World War and reflecting privatized formerly state-dominated exercised by these core journals has conditions leading Gans to propose that power asymmetries of that moment—are sectors such as the telecommunications produced a degree of theoretical and “More of Us Should Become Public restructured, to allow more democratic industry or railroads, in order to increase methodological orthodoxy in sociology. Sociologists” are true? Sociologists are not processes. competition and efficiency. But in sharp However, one can also argue that the selected as “public intellectuals” (Gans, contrast to Argentina or Chile, Cardoso cultural authority of these core journals 2002) because we lack credibility in the Altered Global Context says, his government also created strong accounts for whatever coherence sociol- public eye (Phillips, 2003), so why are we regulatory agencies, simultaneously ogy exhibits as an intellectual field. During Cardoso’s presidency, left- not busy with reform? The potential wing critics sometimes claimed that his seeking to increase productivity, break Finally, Koffler argues that we should rewards, says Gans, are “badly needed” monopolies, and reduce corruption, dispense with measures of journal quality policies of global economic integration and include opportunities to demonstrate sharply contradicted his earlier socio- while strengthening regulation. and tackle the question of quality directly that sociology “adds distinctive insights At the same time, Brazil provided by reading and evaluating the work in logical analysis of economic dependency, and findings” to public debate, to which emphasized the way historical finance capital to Brazilian entrepre- question. He seems strangely oblivious to “increase the discipline’s relevance,” to legacies of colonialism and raw material neurs, helping them compete in newly the difficulties inherent in assessing the “enhance visibility,” to increase the public production constrained the choices privatized sectors—again in contrast to originality and significance of work in an sense of accountability, and to attract facing developing countries in the 20th neighboring examples, where foreign area in which one has little or no exper- more and better students, research funds, century. capital has often dominated privatization tise. This is ironic since most book editors and public support when sociology is But Cardoso disputes that claim, processes. In key industrial sectors like seek the evaluations of specialists in a under attack (Gans, 2002). With these arguing that when he came to office, the steel, mining, and energy, Brazilian field before rendering their judgment on benefits at stake, why is the renaissance global economy looked very different capital accounts for about half of total a book proposal or manuscript. It is for of interest in public sociology not than it did when he and Faletto wrote investment, Cardoso says, thanks to a this very same reason that many research accompanied by a revolution toward their classic work. By the time he state program offering favorable interest universities employ external reviewers, establishing the legitimacy of public assumed the presidency, the new global rates to local companies. who are specialists in a field, to assess the sociology as a way of practicing our trade regime enforced by the WTO Indeed, he adds somewhat wryly, research productivity of candidates for profession? Among the contributors to required policymakers to liberalize tariff Brazil’s current leaders are now pursing promotion and tenure. Alas, even the Footnotes discussion, the least experi- rules and reduce subsidies—both policy economic policies that are almost specialists are unable to evaluate the enced got it most clearly right. instruments that had been crucial to identical to those they criticized when he eventual impact of work on the larger University of Wisconsin graduate was president, and they were the discipline. Probably the most objective Brazil’s industrialization strategies. student Paul Lachelier (2003) observed, leftwing opposition. criterion for measuring the quality of an “American sociologists are at least Moreover, Brazil was no longer simply article or book is the impact it has on partially to blame” for the lack of exporting raw materials such as coffee; it Gay Seidman is professor of Sociology at the other participants an intellectual field. “sociological imagination” among was also an exporter of manufactured University of Wisconsin-Madison and Citation counts are a very blunt measure “activists and citizens.” He also correctly goods, integrated into a global economy currently chairs ASA’s Political Economy of of this impact. However, citation counts notes, “core institutional imperatives [of in which investment decisions every- the World section. She had the good fortune are not very useful for assessing the the discipline] constrain our profession.” where are dominated by multinational to be a student in Professor Cardoso’s course eventual impact of recently published One such imperative is the dictum to corporations. at Berkeley. She interviewed President work by researchers in the early stages of Given the altered global context, Cardoso in Washington, DC, on November “publish (for specialized academic niche ❑ their careers. It is precisely in these audiences) or perish.” And this trains Cardoso says, his government had to 20, 2003. find a new strategy. Yet he insists that 12 MARCH 2004 FOOTNOTES
of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Switzerland, [email protected]. should be unpublished with an empha- Food, Culture, and Society, Fall 2004. Correction Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4; (403) 220- Deadline: April 15, 2004.
issues such as resistance, versities, an area neglected in the first April 21-24, 2004, Internet, Media, and Haven, CT 06515; phone (203) 392-5676; ferences/Contact%20registration3.htm>. commodification, social class, geography, edition. The editor also desires, somewhat Mental Health 2004 Conference, Carlton email [email protected]. Programmes and registration forms can identity (gender, race, sexual diversity, contrary to the previous edition, to limit Crest Hotel, Brisbane, Australia. “Infor-
October 28-31, 2004, American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, Philadelphia, PA. Theme: “Social Sciences and Cultural Studies.”
Funding
The American Institute of Indian Stud- ies announces its 2004 fellowship compe- tition, and invites applications from schol- ars who wish to conduct their research in India. Junior fellowships are awarded to PhD candidates to conduct research for their dissertations in India for up to 11 months. Senior fellowships are awarded to scholars who hold the PhD degree for up to nine months of research in India. The application deadline is July 1, 2004. For more information and applications, contact the American Institute of Indian Studies, 1130 E. 59th Street, Chicago, IL 60637; (773) 702-8638; email [email protected].
The Institute of International Education’s Scholar Rescue Fund pro- vides fellowships for scholars whose lives and work are threatened in their home countries. These fellowships permit schol- ars to find temporary refuge at universi- ties and colleges anywhere in the world, enabling them to pursue their academic work and to continue to share their knowledge with students, colleagues, and the community at large. When conditions improve, these scholars will return home to help rebuild universities and societies. Academics, researchers and independent scholars from any country, field, or disci- pline may qualify. Preference is given to scholars with a PhD or other highest de- gree in their field who have been em- ployed in scholarly activities at an insti- tution of higher learning during the last four years (excluding displacement or prohibition); who demonstrate superior academic accomplishment or promise; and whose selection is likely to benefit the academic community in the home and/ or host country or region. Applications from female scholars and under-repre- sented groups are strongly encouraged. Applications and nominations should be made to the Fund’s Selection Committee. Institutions interested in hosting a par- ticular scholar should submit a letter with the scholar’s application. Fellowships are awarded to institutions for support of specific individuals, to be matched in most cases by the institution or a third- party. Fellowship recipients are expected to continue their work in safety at the host institution. Fellowships from three months to one year will be considered with up to 25 fellowships awarded annu- ally. The maximum award is U.S. $20,000. Emergency applications receive urgent
Continued on next page 14 MARCH 2004 FOOTNOTES
Funding, continued
consideration. Non-emergency applica- life for their residents. Applicants may of the racial demographics of prison Barry Wellman, University of Toronto, tions will be considered according to the either: (1) apply for a fellowship to work In the News populations versus the Wisconsin coun- was a principal contributor to “Is following schedule: Fall 2003: received by at a nonprofit organization; or (2) apply ties. Friendster Changing our Friendships?” October 1; decision by December 1. Win- for a fellowship to start a project. In cases Christine A. Bachrach, National Insti- on Wired magazine, January 2004. ter 2004: received by January 1; decision where the fellowship takes place at an tutes of Health, was quoted in a January Kristin Park, Westminster College, by March 1. Spring 2004: received by April organization, applicants must secure 19 Washington Post article about contro- was quoted in the November 11 Pittsburgh 1; decision by June 1. To apply or to learn sponsorship from that host organization. versies surrounding research funded by Post Gazette about her research how your institution might host an SRF Fellowship awards are in the amount of the NIH. on voluntary childlessness. The story also Awards scholar, contact: IIE Scholar Rescue Fund $48,750 for a term of 18 months. Other ran in the New Castle News and the Wichita Fellowships, 809 U.N. Plaza, Second entities, including the host organization, Virginia Garcia Beaudoux and Orlando Falls Times Record News. Maxine P. Atkinson, North Carolina State Floor, New York, New York 10017; (212) may augment the stipend. OSI may pro- D’Adamo, both from the University of University, was awarded North Carolina 984-5472; fax (212) 984-5401; email vide limited relief for graduate school Belgrano in Argentina, were quoted in the H. Wesley Perkins, Hobart & William State’s Outstanding Service in Support of [email protected].
New Books, continued dents field research methods for use in (Palgrave, 2004). Hernán Vera, University of Florida, and ethics, and recent writing on genetics and studying organizations. Andrew Gordon, Screen Saviors: Holly- Obituaries assisted reproduction generated signifi- Douglas Hartmann, University of Min- wood Fictions of Whiteness (Rowman and cant works that other non-medical soci- Stephen J. Morewitz, Morewitz & Asso- nesota, Race, Culture, and the Revolt of the Littlefield, 2003). Gordon Hawkins ologists and policymakers read. Talented ciates, CA & IL, has been appointed Lec- Black Athlete: The 1968 Protests and Their (-2004) students, attracted by these writings and turer in the Department of Public Affairs Aftermath (University of Chicago Press, James R. Zetka, Jr., State University of her substantial reputation as a generous & Administration, California State Uni- 2003). New York-Albany, Surgeons and the Scope Gordon Hawkins, internationally re- mentor and teacher, flocked to take de- versity-Hayward, CA. (ILR Press, 2003). nowned criminologist and former Direc- grees with her and go on to their own pro- Lily M. Hoffman, City University of New tor of the Sydney University Institute of ductive careers. Jack Nusan Porter, University of Massa- York-City College, with Susan Fainstein Criminology, died in Sydney on Sunday, However, Meg Stacey was no “arm chusetts-Lowell, ran for Alderman-at- and Dennis Judd, Cities and Visitors: Regu- February 29, 2004, at the age of 84. He had chair sociologist.” Passionately devoted Large (a kind of city councilor) and lost lating People, Markets and City Other fallen ill in October of last year and had to enhancing public good, she was an in- in a November 2003 election in the city of Space (Blackwell Publishers, 2003). complications after heart surgery. defatigable participant on innumerable Newton, MA. Hawkins was a Visiting Professor at sev- regional and local boards of organizations Michel S. Laguerre, University of Cali- Organizations eral major American law schools. He was concerned with women’s and children’s Gene Rosa, Washington State University, fornia-Berkeley, Urban Multiculturalism headhunted to Sydney in 1961 to lead the well being and at the national level served has been elected a Fellow of the Ameri- and Globalization in New York City The Consumers, Commodities and Con- study of criminology, having a back- eight years (1976-1984) on the General can Association for the Advancement of (Palgrave Macmillan Press, 2003). sumption Research Network, loosely af- ground as a soldier, a philosopher at the Medical Council, which regulates British Science. filiated with ASA, has been in existence University of Wales and at Oxford, and M. A. Maslak, St. John’s University, medicine. A vigorous feminist she was at for five years serving as forum for soci- as a prison governor. He became an aca- Daughters of the Tharu: Gender, Ethnicity, the forefront of numerous struggles ologists interested in the study of con- demic star in the field of criminology, col- Religion, and the Education of Nepali Girls around women’s issues. Her feminism sumption. We have a website, a biannual laborating with Norval Morris in the fa- (Routledge/Falmer Press, 2003). also suffused her writing. Her 1981 book, Members’ New newsletter, and a listserv. Members have mous Honest Politician’s Guide to Crime organized ASA Annual Meeting sessions Women, Power and Politics (co-authored Mary Pattillo, Northwestern University, Control (1970) and a series of penetrating with Marion Price and published by Books and attended receptions and dinners. We studies of key penal issues, notably on David Weiman, Barnard College, and are currently soliciting petitions from Tavistock), won the Fawcett Prize. Her Bruce Western, Princeton University, edi- gun control (1987) and incapacitation challenge to accepted conceptualizations those interested in making this group a (1995) with Franklin Zimring, and impris- Elijah Anderson, University of Pennsyl- tors, Imprisoning America: The Social Effect full ASA Section. If interested, contact Dan of the public/private divide and the di- vania, and Douglas S. Massey, Princeton of Mass Incarceration (Russell Sage, 2004). onment in America (1981) with Michael vision of labor took feminist thinking in Cook directly ([email protected]) or Sherman. Hawkin’s own book The Prison: University, editors, Problem of the Century: download a petition from the group’s new directions. In 1999 she went to Jack Nusan Porter, University of Massa- Policy and Practice (1976) reflected on his Racial Stratification in the United States website
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