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Sphodromantis Viridis Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775): primeras citas en Castilla-La Mancha y Cataluña (Dictyoptera: Mantodea: Mantidae) Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775): first records in Castile-La Mancha and Catalonia (Dictyoptera: Mantodea: Mantidae) Miguel Domenech Fernández Colaborador (sección Mantodea) de BiodiversidadVirtual.org − Albacete (España) – [email protected] RESUMEN: En el presente artículo se incluyen nuevas citas para Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775) en España. Así se amplía su mapa de distribución ibérica conocido hasta la fecha y se confirma la presencia de la especie en la provincia de Ciudad Real. PALABRAS CLAVE: Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775), Mantodea, Mantidae, Castilla-La Mancha, Cataluña, distribución. ABSTRACT: In this note new records for Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775) in Spain are reported. Thus, its current Iberian distribution map is extended and its presence in the province of Ciudad Real is confirmed. KEY WORDS: Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775), Mantodea, Mantidae, Castile-La Mancha, Catalonia, distribution. Introducción Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775) es una especie de mántido de origen africano distribuido por la zona de África septentrional y sur del Sáhara (Argelia, Burkina Faso, Chad, Etiopía, Egipto, Kenia, Libia, Marruecos, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudán, Tanzania, Túnez y Uganda) así como por parte de Asia (Arabia Saudí, Jordania, Palestina, Siria y Turquía) (BATTISTON et al., 2010). En la zona mediterránea es más local, en Europa solo está citada en Chipre (CANYELLES & ALOMAR, 2006), Grecia (DELFOSSE, 2000), isla de Cerdeña (Italia) (BATTISTON et al., 2017) y la Península Ibérica. En esta última es la única especie representante del género, y está citada en Andalucía (todas sus provincias), isla de Mallorca (CANYELLES & ALOMAR, 2006) y Portugal, donde solo se encuentra en zonas interiores de la mitad Sur, en las proximidades de la frontera con España (MARABUTO, 2014). Aunque no existen citas en la bibliografía revisada, esta especie es frecuente también en la Comunidad Valenciana (Alicante y Valencia), Extremadura y Región de Murcia. Con el presente trabajo se amplía su distribución a Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete) y Cataluña (Tarragona), y se confirma la presencia de la especie en la provincia de Ciudad Real. Por otra parte, CABANILLAS (2017) incluye avistamientos recientes de una ooteca y varios ejemplares en la Comunidad de Madrid, pero no las asigna a un nivel específico. BVnPC, 7 (89): 35-43 (2018) 35 S. viridis (Forskål, 1775) es un insecto de gran tamaño y de coloración variable, generalmente verde o pardo. Los machos tienen una morfología más esbelta, mientras las hembras son más robustas y de mayor tamaño. La cabeza es grande y de forma triangular, con los ojos redondeados ocupando buena parte de la misma. Tiene en ella un pequeño tubérculo entre la base de las antenas y el borde interno de los ojos (BATTISTON et al., 2010). El escudo facial tiene forma cuadrangular (MORALES AGACINO, 1947). Posee antenas finas, más largas en el macho. El pronoto tiene forma semirromboidal, está muy ensanchado en su parte anterior y es más largo que ancho, con el borde finamente aserrado en las hembras. Las patas anteriores están adaptadas a la caza, provistas de numerosas espinas internas de pequeño tamaño en las coxas, y más desarrolladas en la cara interna de fémures y tibias. Posee tres ocelos de color amarillo, gris o blanco con una espina mayor que las demás en cada coxa de las patas raptoras. La cara interna donde se insertan las espinas de los fémures y las tibias de las patas raptoras tienen un color más claro que el resto del cuerpo. Dichas espinas son afiladas y acaban en una punta de color negro. Las alas son hialinas, un poco verdosas en el extremo (BOLÍVAR, 1876), bien desarrolladas en las formas adultas de ambos sexos, protegidos por élitros que cubren todo el abdomen, caracterizados cada uno por un estigma lateral con forma ovoide, generalmente de color blanco. Estos estigmas, junto con la morfología del pronoto, son unos caracteres útiles para diferenciarla de las otras especies de mántidos ibéricos. Los machos son mejores voladores que las hembras, que poseen un vuelo más irregular y torpe. Todos los estadios ninfales poseen el abdomen erguido. De acuerdo con MORALES AGACINO (1947), la ooteca es similar a la de Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) pero más globosa y redondeada, de color beige o marrón, y es depositada sobre ramas y troncos. Vive en sitios bien soleados con arbustos altos y vegetación tupida, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1000 m, excepcionalmente los 2500 m (LLORENTE, 1978). También puede encontrarse en zonas antropizadas como poblaciones, invernaderos y campos de cultivo. Es una especie que se adapta bien a los hábitats cosmopolitas y las zonas áridas. Las formas adultas pueden verse de septiembre a noviembre (CAZURRO, 1888), aunque dependiendo de la zona pueden encontrarse durante todos los meses del año (BATTISTON et al., 2010). Métodos y resultados La bibliografía revisada cita S. viridis en las siguientes comunidades autónomas: Andalucía (CAZURRO, 1888; LLORENTE, 1978). Algunos autores hacen referencias más específicas, a nivel provincial: Cádiz (CAZURRO, 1888), Córdoba (LA GRECA, 1967; PRUNIER, 2011), Huelva (LLORENTE, 1978), Jaén (LA GRECA, 1967), Málaga (BOLÍVAR, 1876) y Sevilla (CAZURRO, 1888). Castilla-La Mancha. Solamente existe una única referencia para la provincia de Ciudad Real (LÓPEZ- VILLALTA, 2009). Islas Baleares. Citada en la Isla de Mallorca (CANYELLES & ALOMAR, 2006). Nuevas citas en Castilla-La Mancha: Pozo-Lorente, Albacete, 39.04476º N, -1.30186º W, 763 msnm, 20-VI-2013, una ooteca adherida a una rama de encina (Quercus ilex L.) (Fig. 1), en un paraje con esta especie vegetal predominante sobre cualquier otra. Villapalacios, Albacete, 38.5813º N, -2.6257º W, 836 msnm, 2-X-2016, un macho adulto (Fig. 2), sobre una reja en el porche de un restaurante junto a la carretera N-322, a unos 400 metros de la entrada de la localidad de Villapalacios. En torno al lugar hay campos de cultivo y olivares (Olea europaea L.). Barriada de La Estación de Brazatortas-Veredas, Ciudad Real, en el entorno del Valle de Alcudia, 38.6687º N, -4.3164º W, 715 msnm, 14-IX-2017, un macho adulto (Fig. 3). Posado junto a un huerto urbano con Cucumis sativus L., Solanum lycopersicum L. y Capsicum sp. en un entorno con Avena sp. como vegetación predominante. Brazatortas, Ciudad Real, en el entorno del Valle de Alcudia (Fig. 4), 38.6625º N, -4.2992º W, 717 msnm, 8-VII-2017, una hembra ninfa , pisada en una terraza de un restaurante, junto a la carretera y cerca de una zona de terrenos con abundante Avena sp. y Retama sp. Como vegetación predominante destacan Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. y O. europaea. Estación de Caracollera, Ciudad Real, en el entorno del Valle de Alcudia (Fig. 4), 38.7051º N, - 4.4757º W, 629 msnm, 8-VII-2017, una hembra ninfa. Estaba siendo transportada en varios trozos por una hilera de hormigas hacia su hormiguero, en un bosque caracterizado por la presencia de masas aisladas de BVnPC, 7 (89): 35-43 (2018) 36 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. entre zonas más densas de Quercus faginea Lam., Q. ilex y O. europaea, entre otras. En el sotobosque se encuentran Rosmarinus officinalis L., Thymus sp. y Cistus sp. En las dos últimas ubicaciones, el autor pudo identificar ambos especímenes por el ensanchamiento anterior del pronoto y los tres llamativos ocelos amarillos provistos de púas en cada coxa de las patas raptoras, pero no pudo fotografiarlos. Estos caracteres, entre otros, resultan ser útiles en la identificación de la especie (LA GRECA & LOMBARDO, 1987). Nuevas citas en Cataluña: L'Almadrava, Tarragona, en el entorno de la Costa Dorada, cerca del mar, 40.9389º N, 0.8525º E, 23 msnm, 30-X-2016, un macho adulto (Fig. 5). Localizada en una casa particular, en una zona poco urbanizada con campos de cultivo de O. europaea, Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb y Ceratonia siliqua L. principalmente (Fig. 6), pinar de Pinus halepensis Mill. y sotobosque de Quercus coccifera L., Pistacia lentiscus L. y Cistus sp., entre otros (Fig. 7). Constituiría la cita más septentrional de esta especie en la Península Ibérica. Fig. 1: Ooteca de Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775), Pozo-Lorente, Albacete, 20-VI-2013, (LUCAS, 2017). http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectarium/Sphodromantis-viridis-(Forskal-1775)-img959847.html BVnPC, 7 (89): 35-43 (2018) 37 Fig. 2: Macho adulto de Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775), Villapalacios, Albacete, 2-X-2016, (GARCÍA-SAÚCO, 2016). http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectarium/Sphodromantis-viridis-(Forskal-1775)-img848260.html Fig. 3: Macho adulto de Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775), Barriada de La Estación de Brazatortas- Veredas, Ciudad Real, 14-IX-2017, (DOMENECH, 2017). http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectarium/Sphodromantis-viridis-(Forskal-1775)-img932266.html BVnPC, 7 (89): 35-43 (2018) 38 Fig. 4: Valle de Alcudia, Ciudad Real, 17-VIII-2017. (Foto: Miguel Domenech) Fig. 5: Macho adulto de Sphodromantis viridis (Forskål, 1775), L'Almadrava, Tarragona, 30-X-2016, (GUSTAMANTE, 2016). http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectarium/Sphodromantis-viridis-(Forskal-1775)-img850787.html BVnPC, 7 (89): 35-43 (2018) 39 Fig. 6: Campos de cultivo en l’Almadrava, Tarragona, 26-III-2005. (Foto: Lluís Gustamante) Fig. 7: Pinar y sotobosque tupido en l'Almadrava, Tarragona, 20-XII-2008. (Foto: Lluís Gustamante) Conclusiones Tras la revisión exhaustiva de las localidades citadas por la bibliografía, y gracias a todas las contribuciones hechas por los usuarios de BiodiversidadVirtual.org se observa que el área de dispersión de la BVnPC, 7 (89): 35-43 (2018) 40 especie incluye la Comunidad Valenciana (provincias de Castellón y Valencia), Extremadura y Región de Murcia, además de las zonas citadas por la bibliografía anteriormente reseñadas (toda Andalucía, Ciudad Real y la isla de Mallorca). Como se ha indicado anteriormente, LÓPEZ-VILLALTA (2009) indica en su artículo sobre Apteromantis aptera (Fuente, 1894) la presencia de S.
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