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Glossary of Land Use and Planning Terms Generous Support for This Publication Provided By Understanding the Basics of L AND USE AND PLANNING Glossary of Land Use and Planning Terms Generous support for this publication provided by: Additional support provided by The California Endowment through a grant to the Institute’s Healthy Neighborhoods Project. Special thanks to the following individuals whose time and effort contributed to this publication: Teri Duarte, Health Program Director, Sacramento County Department of Health and Human Services Michael Stepner, Professor, New School of Architecture Julia J. Roberts, Chief Deputy County Counsel, Tulare County Charlotte Dickson, Director of Local Policy, California Center for Public Health Advocacy Cathy Creswell, Deputy Director, California Department of Housing & Community Development Jeffrey Rosenhall, Project Coordinator, California Center for Physical Activity Prepared by Steve Sanders, Lianne Dillon, Ken Loman and Charles Summerell, Institute Staff Thanks also to Bill Higgins, Senior Staff Counsel for the League of California Cities and former Director of the ILG Land Use Program, for compiling the 2004 edition of the glossary. The terms in this glossary are adapted from previous editions of the Planning Commissioner’s Handbook (2000 and 2004), the Planner’s Pocket Guide (1992), and the Municipal Revenue Sources Handbook (2001), all published by the League of California Cities. Other sources include the California Planning Guide and the General Plan Guidelines (both published by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research), and the Glossary of Climate Change Terms (published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.) Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the Institute for Local Government. Understanding THE BASICS OF LAND USE AND PLANNING: Glossary of Land Use and Planning Terms © 2010 by The Institute for Local Government 1400 K Street, Suite 205 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 658-8208 • FAX (916) 444-7535 • www.ca-ilg.org UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF LAND USE AND PLANNING Glossary of Land Use and Planning Terms About This Glossary ..............................................................................1 A ...............................................................................................................2 B ...............................................................................................................5 C ...............................................................................................................9 D .............................................................................................................16 E .............................................................................................................19 F .............................................................................................................22 G .............................................................................................................25 H .............................................................................................................28 I...............................................................................................................30 J..............................................................................................................31 L .............................................................................................................32 M .............................................................................................................35 N .............................................................................................................39 O .............................................................................................................42 P .............................................................................................................43 Q .............................................................................................................47 R .............................................................................................................47 S .............................................................................................................50 T .............................................................................................................58 U .............................................................................................................61 V .............................................................................................................63 W ............................................................................................................64 X .............................................................................................................65 Y .............................................................................................................65 Z .............................................................................................................65 Institute for Local Government About This Glossary Land use refers to the relationship While many parties play a role, local between people and the land – more agencies are at the center of decisions specifically, how the physical world regarding land use. In California, city is adapted, modified, or put to use and county officials elected by local for human purposes. This includes voters have broad authority to regulate even the “non-use” of lands reserved the development and use of land to as wilderness or protected from advance the health, safety and welfare human impacts. of the public. Decisions about land use are made The Glossary of Land Use and Planning by people from many walks of life. Terms is primarily intended to help Examples from the private sector local officials and the public understand include residents choosing where to live, the terms that are commonly used in business owners opening or expanding the process of making local land use a business, and farmers and ranchers and planning decisions. As in other raising crops and livestock. professional disciplines, many of the terms used in planning and land use are The public sector also makes important technical. It is our hope that the Glossary decisions about land use. Legislatures will be a handy reference that will make and chief executives make policy and the topic of land use and planning less funding decisions that have myriad mysterious and more accessible to local effects on land use. Courts interpret officials and community residents alike. how laws and policies apply in practice. Local, state and federal agencies then administer the laws and policies that govern the use and development of land, both public and private. Understanding the Basics of Land Use and Planning: Glossary of Land Use and Planning Terms 1 A A AB 32. California’s Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. The Act requires that California’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions be reduced to 1990 levels by 2020. This is a reduction of about 30 percent from projected “business as usual” levels. The Act gives the California Air Resources Board (CARB) authority to identify and regulate sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The CARB’s “Scoping Plan” for implementing AB 32 includes a wide range of strategies including reducing GHG emissions from cars and light trucks through transportation planning relating to land use. Other measures include implementing green building standards that increase energy efficiency, water conservation, waste reduction, and recycling. Abandonment. A cessation of the use of the property by the owner without intent to transfer the property to another or resume the use of the property. Abatement. Reducing or eliminating the degree or intensity of a nuisance or other property-related problem, usually used in connection with zoning code or environmental program enforcement. Abutting. Having property or zone district boundaries in common; for example, two lots are abutting if they have property lines in common. Acceptable Risk. A hazard that is deemed to be a tolerable exposure to danger given the expected benefits to be obtained. Different levels of acceptable risk may be assigned according to the potential danger and how critical the threatened structure or area is deemed. For example, the level of acceptable risk from seismic activity may range from “near zero” for nuclear power plants and natural gas transmission lines to “moderate” for open space, ranches and low intensity warehouse uses. Access. A way of approaching or entering a property. Access includes ingress, the right to enter, and egress, the right to leave. In zoning and subdivision regulations, recorded lots are required to have direct access to a public street or highway or to a private street meeting public standards. This guarantees entry by owners and emergency vehicles. Accessibility/Accessible. A term that describes the usability of a facility, product or service by people with disabilities. Accessory Building or Use. An activity or structure on a property that is incidental and subordinate to the main use of a site. For example, a small business office within a store might be considered an accessory use, and might not be counted in the calculation of the size of the store for zoning purposes. Acre-Foot. A volume of water one foot deep covering one acre; approximately 326,000 gallons. One acre- foot of water is enough to meet the needs of two typical families for a year. Acres, Gross. The entire acreage of a site. Most communities calculate gross acreage to the centerline of proposed bounding streets and to the edge
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