Gentile, Augustine; Difrancesca Sal TITLE Item Analysis of Academic Achievementtests - Hearing Impaired Students

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 041 424 EC 006 077 AUTHOR Gentile, Augustine; DiFrancesca Sal TITLE Item Analysis of Academic AchievementTests - Hearing Impaired Students. INSTITUTION Gallaudet Coll., Washington,D.C. Office of Demographic Studies. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHFW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Apr 70 NOTE 47p. AVAILABLE FROM Gallaudet College Book Store, Washington,D.C. 20002 ($1.00) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$2.45 DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement, achievementTests, *Aurally Handicapped, *Exceptional Child Research,Item Analysis, Psychometrics, StatisticalData, *Student Evaluation, Test Reliability, Test Results IDENTIFIERS Stanford Achievement Test ABSTRACT An item analysis of the Stanford AchievementTest performance of about 12,000 students inschools and classes for the hearing impaired is presented. Tablesshow the percentage of correct answers to each question, as well as asummary of the responses for each sub-test and major categories withinsome sub-tests. Because the test was developed for use with normal hearingstudentsk the reliability and validity of the test resultsare discussed. Three appendixes present information aboutThe Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Children and Youth,a copy of the annual census of hearing impaired children form, anda list of participants in the Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Children and Youth1968-69 School Year. (GD) NUAL SURVEY Of HRiNle_IMF REDCth E AND YOUTH This research was supported by a grant from the Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare. Contractors undertaking such projects under Government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgement in the conduct of the project. Points of view or opinions stated do not, therefore, necessarily represent official Office of Education position or policy. OFFICE OF DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES Publication Number Series D Number 2 For Sale by Gallaudet College Book Store Washington, D.C. 20002 Price On Dollar SERIES D NUMBER 2 DATA FROM THE ANNUAL SURVEY OF HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN AND YOUTH ITEM ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT TESTS HEARING IMPAIRED STUDENTS UNITED STATES: SPRING 1969 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OG VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. The percentage of Stanford Achievement Test questions answered correctly by 12,000 students in schools and classes for the hearing impaired. Presented with the Item Content Outlines for each test battery. OFFICE OF DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES GALLAUDET COLLEGE Washington, D.C. April 1970 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS OF GALLAUDET COLLEGE Edward C. Merrill, Jr., Ph.D President R. Orin Cornett, Ph.D. Vice President for Long Range Planning George E. Detmold, Ph.D Dean Paul K. Nance Business Manager OFFICE OF DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES AUGUSTINE GENTILE, DIRECTOR Sal Di Francesca, Ph.D., Research Psychologist LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 74-98885 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE IV Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Methodology and Sources of the Data 1 Qualifications and Limitations of the Data 4 Description of the Stanford Achievement Tests 5 Description and Uses of the /tem Content Outline 6 Description and Uses of the Item Analysis Data 7 The Item Content Outlines and Item Analyses 7 Introduction 7 Primary I- Item ContentOutline 8 Primary I- Item Analysis 11 Primary II - Item Content Outline 12 Primary I IItem Analysis 15 Intermediate I- ItemContent Outline 16 Intermediate I - Item Analysis 20 Intermediate II - Item Content Outline 21 Intermediate II - Item Analysis 27 Advanced - Item Content Outline 28 Advanced - Item 1nalysis 33 Summary 34 Appendices Appendix I Description of the Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Children and Youth 35 AppendixII - Data Collection Form Used in the Annual Surveyfor the 1968-1969 School Year 37 Appendix IIIList of Schools and Classes Participating in the Annual Survey Program, 1968-1969 School Year 39 Acknowledgements The publication of data from the Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Children and Youth is the result of the efforts of many individuals. In acknowledging these contributions, we must first express our gratitude to the administrators, teachers, secretaries and other staff members of the participating educational institutions who work so hard to prepare the Survey forms. Without their help, interest and encouragement, there would be no Annual Survey. The names of the schools that participated in the Annual Survey for the 1968-69 school year appear in Appendix III. We also would like to extend our appreciation to the National Advisory Committee whose continued assistance has helped guide the staff. Their collective and individual direction has been invaluable. The members of the committee are listed below. NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Thomas R. Belivns, Ph.D. *Marilyn L. Flynn Walter E. Nance, M.D. *Jack W. Brady D.Robert Frisina, Ph.D. *Edward W. Reay *William E. Bragner *W. Lloyd Graunke, Ph.D. *Jerome D. Schein, Ph.D. Donald W. Brown, Ph.D. *Bernard L. Greenberg *Sidney L. Schoenfeld Nona Burrows Barry L. Grilling *Ruth Lynn Scott, Ph.D. Marvin B. Clatterbuck, L.H.D. John D. Harrington, Ed.D. Roy M. Stelle, Litt.D. William N. Craig, Ph.D. Doin Hicks, Ed.D. *Frances R. Tucker David M. Denton Ben E. Hoffmeyer, L.H.D. Armin G. Turechek, Ed.D *George E. Detmold, Ph.D. Arthur G. Jillette, Jr. *Dorothy L. Vaill Albert W. Douglas Sister Nora Letourneau McCay Vernon,Ph.D. *Edon L. Eagles, M.D. James A. Little George W. Fellendorf Kenneth R. Mangan,Ed.D. *Terms expired December 1969. Thanks also must be given to the many individuals at Gallaudet College whose help and encouragement have been unending. We especially acknowledge the help of the following staff members of the Data Processing Laboratory: Jerald Jordan, Robert Herbold and Kathleen Schreiber. To all the staff members of the Office of Demographic Studies we express our gratitude for the loyalty and devotion that sustains the Annual Survey program. To the following staff members we give special recognition for their help in preparing this publication: Susan. Carey, Barbara McCarthy, CarolHodge,Regina McManus, Brenda Rawlings, and Sally W. Wagner. Augustine Gentile Sal DiFrancesca Washington, D.C. April 1970 iv Item Analysis of AcademicAchievement Tests Hearing Impaired Students United States: Spring1969 Augustine Gentile and Sal Di Francesca, Ph.D. collected INTRODUCTION and to enhance the comparability of the data. This was the primary factor that led theAnnual This report contains the item analysisof the Survey to initiate an achievement testing program, Stanford Achievement Test performanceof about which has, as a long range goal, thedevelopment of 12,000 students in seLools and classes forthe hearing effective measures to assess the educational progress impaired who took the test during theSpring of of students in academic programs for thehearing 1969. The item analysis, simply, is theproportion of impaired. The achievement tests on whichthe data in in the test correct answers given to each question this report are based represent a first steptowards the series. Essentially the item analysis gives anindication attainment of this goal. Because the testspresently question for of the difficulty (or ease) of each test used to assess the academic accomplishmentof the the students who took the tests. Adescription of the hearing impaired have been developed for usewith specific learning area (referred to as theItem Content normal hearing students, they cannot beassumed to Outline) which each item is supposed to measureis bereliableorvalidfor students with impaired presented for most items. Suggestions for proper use hearing. This first step and other plannedactivities of these data also are given in this report. willresult in measures of the adequacy of cur- which The Achievement Testing Program, on rentlyavailableachievement tests, and also will the Office of these data are based, was conducted by lead to the development of standardizedprocedures Demographic Studies of GallaudetCollege, as part of for administering tests to hearing impairedstudents. the Annual Survey of Hearing ImpairedChildren and Publication of the item analyses in this report is Youth. A description of the Annual Survey program intended to provide a better understanding ofthe test is given in Appendix I. The res- Itsof these achieve- scores obtained byhearing impaired students and to ment tests were published in theFall of 19691. The stimulate research in areas related to theeducational earlier publication discusses in more detailthan given assessment of this special group ofstudents. here questions related to.the reliabilityand validity of the Stanford Achievement Tests whenadministered METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF THE DATA to hearing impaired students.It contains also a more detailed description of the StanfordAchievement The schools and classes that were invited to Tests and the procedures followed inadministering participate in the Achievement Testing Program were the the tests. selected from the programs that participated in first year basic data gathering efforts of theAnnual Background for the Achievement Testing Program Survey. However, a limited number of programs were As part of any data collection system,itis not invited due to the following reasons:1) the sometimes necessary to developstandard measuring student enrollment was very small; 2)the program instruments to

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