DOCSLIB.ORG

AEDC) and Alaska Natural Gas Development Authority (ANGDA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AEDC) and Alaska Natural Gas Development Authority (ANGDA Alaska Petrochemical Development Study Presented to The Anchorage Economic Development Corporation (AEDC) and Alaska Natural Gas Development Authority (ANGDA) November 2009 www.cmaiglobal.com CMAI Ref: SL-003472 Independent advisor to petrochemical industry participants in strategic and commercial planning, feasibility and financial studies, due diligence support, competitive and market analysis. Houston 11757 Katy Freeway, Suite 700, Houston, TX 77079 Tele: 1-281-531-4660 FAX: 1-281-531-9966 New York 400 Columbus Avenue, Suite 145 South, Valhalla, NY 10595 Tele: 1-914-579-0010 FAX: 1-914-579-0011 Singapore 69 Duxton Road, Level 2, Singapore 089528 Tele: 65-6226-5363 FAX: 65-6226-5157 Shanghai Suite 404, Building B, Golden Eagle Mansion No. 1518 Minsheng Rd, Pudong New Area, Shanghai China 200135 Tel: 86-21-6163-5470; Fax: 86-21-6854-5741 London 1st Floor, 14-16 Waterloo Place London SW1Y 4AR Tele: 44-0207 930-9818 FAX: 44-0207-930-9819 Germany Königsallee 94, Düsseldorf 40212, Germany Tele: 49-211-710081-0 Middle East P. O. Box 500395, Dubai, UAE Tele: 971-4-391-2930 FAX: 971-4-391-6476 Excellence and Experience in Petrochemical Consulting Since 1979. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 5 WARRANTY ................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 7 THE ALASKA ADVANTAGE ....................................................................................... 7 THE ALASKA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ................................................................... 7 PROPOSED PIPELINE PROJECTS ........................................................................... 7 THE 2010 FERC OPEN SEASONS ............................................................................ 9 PETROCHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK SITUATION AT COOK INLET ............................ 10 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS .............................................................................. 13 COST OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION AT COOK INLET ............................. 13 POTENTIAL COOK INLET PLANT SITES ................................................................ 18 PORT MACKENZIE SITE ATTRIBUTES .................................................................. 19 FIRE ISLAND SITE ATTRIBUTES ............................................................................ 20 TYONEK SITE ATTRIBUTES ................................................................................... 20 NIKISKI SITE ATTRIBUTES ..................................................................................... 20 GENERALSUMMARY OF SITE CONSIDERATIONS .............................................. 21 CHANNEL TO MARKET ISSUES ............................................................................. 22 INVESTMENT CLIMATE ISSUES ............................................................................. 22 TARGET COMPANY COMPARISON ....................................................................... 23 ALASKA NATURAL GAS PIPELINE ............................................................................. 25 PROPOSED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 25 FERC OPEN SEASON PROCESS ............................................................................... 27 WHAT IS AN OPEN SEASON? ................................................................................ 27 PIPELINE REGULATION .......................................................................................... 28 THE 2010 OPEN SEASONS ..................................................................................... 30 PETROCHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK SITUATION AT COOK INLET ................................ 32 ETHANE, PROPANE, BUTANE AND PENTANE SUPPLY AND USE POTENTIAL 32 AEDC & ANGDA – Alaska Petrochemical Development Study November 2009 Page 1 PETROCHEMICAL PROJECT CAPITAL INVESTMENT REQUIRED ...................... 36 ENERGY AND FEEDSTOCK PRICE FORECAST ....................................................... 38 THE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK .......................................................................... 38 Crude Oil ................................................................................................................ 38 Natural Gas ............................................................................................................ 40 ALASKAN ENERGY AND ETHANE PRICES ........................................................... 42 CASH COST COMPETITIVENESS .............................................................................. 47 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 47 ETHYLENE COST COMPETITIVENESS.................................................................. 49 Ethylene Cash Cost of Production ......................................................................... 49 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 49 POLYETHYLENE COST COMPETITIVENESS ........................................................ 50 Polyethylene Cash Cost of Production ................................................................... 50 MEG COST COMPETITIVENESS ............................................................................ 54 MEG Cash Cost of Production ............................................................................... 54 MEG Delivered Cost of Production ........................................................................ 54 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS FOR PETROCHEMICAL PROJECTS .............................. 56 POTENTIAL COOK INLET PLANT SITES ................................................................... 57 FOUR COOK INLET LOCATIONS HAVE BEEN STUDIED FOR PLANT SITES: .... 57 PORT MACKENZIE SITE ATTRIBUTES .................................................................. 58 FIRE ISLAND SITE ATTRIBUTES ............................................................................ 59 TYONEK SITE ATTRIBUTES ................................................................................... 59 NIKISKI SITE ATTRIBUTES ..................................................................................... 60 GENERALSUMMARY OF SITE CONSIDERATIONS ............................................... 61 LOGISTICS ISSUES FOR FINISHED PRODUCTS...................................................... 64 CHANNEL TO MARKET ISSUES ............................................................................. 65 INVESTMENT CLIMATE ISSUES ............................................................................. 65 TARGET COMPANY COMPARISON ........................................................................... 66 AEDC & ANGDA – Alaska Petrochemical Development Study November 2009 Page 2 ASIAN COMPANIES WITH POTENTIAL INTEREST IN ALASKA PETROCHEMICALS ................................................................................................. 66 TARGET COMPANY PROFILES .................................................................................. 71 ASIAN COMPANIES WITH POTENTIAL INTEREST IN ALASKA PETROCHEMICALS ................................................................................................. 71 CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORPORATION (SINOPEC) .......................... 72 Corporate Overview: .............................................................................................. 72 CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION (CNOOC) ............................ 76 Corporate Overview: .............................................................................................. 76 SINOCHEM ............................................................................................................... 77 Corporate Overview: .............................................................................................. 77 CHEMCHINA ............................................................................................................. 78 CNPC AND PETROCHINA ....................................................................................... 80 Corporate Overview: .............................................................................................. 80 LG CHEMICAL .......................................................................................................... 83 Corporate Overview: .............................................................................................. 83 SK ENERGY .............................................................................................................. 84 Corporate Overview: .............................................................................................. 84 HANWHA CHEMICAL CORP .................................................................................... 85 Corporate Overview: .............................................................................................. 85 HONAM ..................................................................................................................... 86 MITSUBISHI .............................................................................................................. 88 Corporate Overview: .............................................................................................. 88 MITSUI .....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System (ANGTS)
    Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Proposals (North Slope to Market) Chronology of Events: 1984- by Betty Galbraith 7/15/09 March 7, 1984 The Joint Oil and Gas Committee met to receive briefings on the status of transporting and marketing North slope natural gas. Yukon Pacific Corporation's TAGS project for exporting gas to Pacific Rim countries was discussed as an alternative to ANGTS. March 10, 1984 Legislative digest: A Forecast and Review reported that testimony before the Alaska Joint House-Senate Oil and Gas Committees indicated that natural gas markets in the U.S. and elsewhere would have to improve substantially before financing of the gas pipeline could be financed. Dec 15, 1984 The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued an order conditionally approving an extension of the importation of natural gas from Canada for another 4 year period. April 3, 1986 HCR 8 encouraging the Governor to consider a gas pipeline from the North Slope to Fairbanks with spurs to other communities as an alternative to other energy proposals, passed to become Alaska Legislative Resolve 36 Nov 1, 1986 The Bureau of Land Management published a notice in the Federal Register, of their intent to prepare an environmental impact statement for the TAGS pipeline proposal. Dec 5, 1986 Yukon Pacific Corporation issued its Trans-Alaska Gas System Project Description. The project involved a pipeline to transport North Slope gas to tidewater, a facility in the Valdez area to liquefy the gas for ocean transport to Asia. The project would be phased in over a period of years. Dec 5, 1986 Yukon Pacific Corporation filed an application with the Bureau of Land Management and the Army Corps of Engineers to construct a large diameter pipeline between Prudhoe Bay and Anderson Bay (Valdez) to export LNG.
    [Show full text]
  • Near East University Docs
    NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY THE FACULTY OF MARITIME STUDIES GRADUATION PROJECT LNG CARRIAGE ON THE WORLD Submitted to: OCEAN GOING MASTER AHMET BEYOGLU Submitted by: EMRE EVREN YURTSEVEN SHIP MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT NICOSIA - 2003 • Introduction The purpose of the IMO model coursesis to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organising and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved. It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid 'teaching package' which they are expected to 'follow blindly' .Nor, is the intention to substitute audio-visual or 'programmed' material for the instructor's presence .As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and detication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material. Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms , and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations . • CONTENTS: PARTl SECTION 1 1. Executive Summary 1 1.1 Main conclusions 1 1.2 Natural gas demand trends 3 1.3 Natural gas reserves 3 1.4 Historical developmentof natural gas carriage 4 SECTiON 2 2. The natural gas market 5 2.1 What is natural gas and energy 5 2.1.1 Natural gas 5 2.1.2 Liquefied natural gas LNG 5 2.1.3 Applications 5 2.1.4 The natural gas industry 6 2.1.5 Natural gas and environment 7 2.2 World primary energy consumption 8 2.3 Natural gas consumption trends 11 2.4 Natural gas production trends 12 2.5 The international natural gas reserves 13 2.6 The international natural gas trade 14 SECTiON 3 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 5Th Pipeline Technology Conference 2010
    5th Pipeline Technology Conference 2010 The next generation of oil and gas pipelines - who, what, where and when.... Julian Lee Senior Energy Analyst Centre for Global Energy Studies UK Abstract This paper seeks to identify the next wave of major oil and gas pipeline construction projects around the world, assessing which countries are likely to be able to turn their plans for new pipelines into real, bankable projects. It is not a comprehensive, or exhaustive, list of new pipeline projects. There is no shortage of new oil and gas pipeline proposals that are keeping project sponsors, industry analysts and conference organisers busy. Many of them are grand in their ambition, many seek to meet the political ends of their sponsors, many cross several international borders, and all will compete for capital and resources. Many of tomorrow’s oil and gas supplies are being developed in areas that are remote from existing infrastructure, far from markets or export terminals. Tomorrow’s big, new hydrocarbons consumers live in countries that are only just beginning to develop their oil and gas import and transmission infrastructures, while traditional markets are stagnating. Politics, too, is playing its part, as old alliances are tested and both buyers and sellers seek security of supply and greater diversification. 1. The evolving geography of oil and gas The geography of oil and gas trade is changing. Big new oil and consumers are emerging. The centre of energy demand growth has shifted dramatically from West to East. At the same time, new centres of oil and gas production are also emerging.
    [Show full text]
  • Domestic Oil and Natural Gas: Alaskan Resources, Access and Infrastructure
    W RITTEN STATEMENT OF C YNTHIA L. QUARTERMAN A DMINISTRATOR PIPEL INE AND H AZARDOUS M ATERIALS SAFETY A DMINISTRATION B EFORE THE C OMMITTEE ON NATURAL R ESOURCES SUBCOMMITTEE ON E NERGY AND M INERAL R ESOURCES UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Domestic Oil and Natural Gas: Alaskan Resources, Access and Infrastructure June 2, 2011 I. Introduction Chairman Lamborn, Ranking Member Holt, members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to appear today to discuss the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) oversight of America’s 2.5-million-mile energy pipeline system. Safety is the number one priority of Secretary Ray LaHood, myself, and the employees of PHMSA and we are all strongly committed to reducing transportation risks to the public and environment. Our Nation’s reliance on the safe and environmentally sound transportation of energy fuels and hazardous materials is increasing. PHMSA’s safety oversight of the pipeline network that delivers these products is providing critical protections for the American people. PHMSA is responsible for establishing and enforcing safety standards for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the nation’s pipeline transportation system. PHMSA's authority to regulate pipelines includes oversight of the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), North Slope pipelines, certain pipelines in the Cook Inlet area, Liquefied Natural Gas (or LNG) facilities, and the distribution systems that deliver natural gas to homes, businesses, and power plants. Alaska oil and gas resources are critical to the nation’s energy needs, and PHMSA recognizes its role in ensuring that this energy is transported safely and efficiently.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Value $245 Billion of Revenues As of Dec
    www.conocophillips.com ConocoPhillips is an international, integrated energy company with interests around the world. Headquartered in Houston, the company had operations in more than 35 countries, approximately 29,800 employees, $153 billion of assets and Growing Value $245 billion of revenues as of Dec. 31, 2011. 2011 SUMMARY ANNUAL REPORT 90414conD1R1.indd 1 2/28/12 11:05 PM Shareholder Information 1 Letter to Shareholders Certain disclosures in this Summary Annual Annual Meeting Information Requests Copies of Form 10-K, Proxy Statement 49 Report may be considered “forward-looking” and Summary Annual Report 5 Financial and Operating Highlights ConocoPhillips’ annual meeting of For information about dividends and statements. These are made pursuant to “safe stockholders will be held: certificates, or to request a change of Copies of the Annual Report on Form 10-K 6 Repositioning harbor” provisions of the Private Securities address form, shareholders may contact: and the Proxy Statement, as filed with the Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The “Cautionary Wednesday, May 9, 2012 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Statement” in Management’s Discussion and Omni Houston Hotel Westside Computershare are available free by making a request on Our Commitments Analysis in Appendix A of ConocoPhillips’ 2012 13210 Katy Freeway, Houston, Texas P.O. Box 358015 the company’s website, calling 918-661- Proxy Statement should be read in conjunction Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8015 8 Enhancing Financial Performance Notice of the meeting and proxy materials 3700 or writing: with such statements. Toll-free number: 800-356-0066 are being sent to all shareholders. 10 Empowering Our People Outside the U.S.: 201-680-6578 ConocoPhillips – 2011 Form 10-K TDD for hearing impaired: 800-231-5469 B-41 Adams Building 12 Operating Responsibly “ConocoPhillips,” “the company,” “we,” “us” Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend and “our” are used interchangeably in this report TDD outside the U.S.: 201-680-6610 411 South Keeler Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • To: Interested Reporters From: Ross Hammond, Friends of the Earth
    To: Interested Reporters From: Ross Hammond, Friends of the Earth & Gabe Elsner, Checks & Balances Project Re: CONFLICT OF INTEREST: State Department contractor on Keystone XL environmental review lied to the State Department about ties to TransCanada & oil industry Date: July 10, 2013 OVERVIEW The American public entrusted the State Department to produce an unbiased environmental review of the Keystone XL pipeline, but the contractor performing the review lied to the State Department about its conflicts of interest and failed to divulge close business relationships with TransCanada and the oil industry. Environmental Resources Management has worked for TransCanada since at least 2011 on the Alaska Pipeline Project, but in its signed conflict of interest disclosure form, filed with the State Department in June 2012, ERM claimed to have “no existing contract or working relationship with TransCanada” within the past three years. Publicly available documents detail ERM’s business relationship with the Alaska Pipeline Project and the project’s two primary companies, TransCanada and ExxonMobil. ERM also lied in documents filed with the State Department about its business relationship with other oil companies that will benefit from the building of the Keystone XL pipeline. ERM's own publicly available documents show that the firm has business with over a dozen companies with operating stakes in the Alberta tar sands. ERM is also a member of the American Petroleum Institute, which has spent millions lobbying in favor of the Keystone XL pipeline. ERM is not in the business of providing unbiased environmental reviews, but working with clients “all the way to final approval” according to marketing materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report on the Review of the Alaska LNG Project Process
    Summary Report on the Review of the Alaska LNG Project Process Office of the Governor State of Alaska September 24, 2015 The following report summarizes the results of a review of the process established for the proposed liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) project currently being worked on by the State of Alaska, TransCanada, ExxonMobil, BP, and ConocoPhillips under the negotiating framework most recently enacted in 2014 by Senate Bill 138: the Alaska Liquefied Natural Gas Project (“AKLNG Project,” “AKLNG,” or “Project”). The majority of challenges are structural and commercial in nature rather than technical. The report will first discuss the history of prior Alaska gas pipeline development efforts, and then the commercial difficulties faced by the AKLNG Project. I. HISTORY OF EFFORTS TO COMMERCIALIZE NORTH SLOPE GAS The current configuration of the AKLNG Project is the latest in numerous efforts to export North Slope natural gas dating back to the 1970s. This section of the report discusses those efforts in context of the current AKLNG Project and what can be learned from those prior unsuccessful attempts. A. Early Projects Prior to the mid-1980s, there were efforts to advance several different Alaska gas pipeline projects, including those by Prudhoe Bay leaseholders BP, Atlantic Richfield and ExxonMobil (together with successor companies, the “Producers”), and separately by El Paso and Foothills (a predecessor to TransCanada). These attempts reflected, among other issues, the two competing themes consistently present in North Slope gas commercialization efforts. First was the ongoing debate about whether a project should be a North American project through Canada or an LNG project to tidewater in South Central Alaska.
    [Show full text]
  • 801—Arctic Energy
    North Slope oil and gas - a short history Contents Oil and gas development brought statehood for Alaska, a large and consistent revenue stream for state and local gov- 3 North Slope oil and gas ernments, a $33 billion savings account for Alaskans to enjoy and indoor plumbing and schools for many rural resi- 4 Viscous oil dents, including those who live on the North Slope. 4 Most frequently asked questions Most of Alaska’s oil comes from the 24 producing fields on the North Slope, including Prudhoe Bay, one of the 5 Facts about Alaska largest oil fields in the world. North Slope production totals about 900,000 barrels of oil per day. While the huge Prudhoe Bay field is in gradual decline, North Slope oil fields 5 Economic impact still provide a significant amount of U.S. domestic produc- tion. 6 Who we are An 800-mile-long pipeline carries North Slope oil to tide- 7 Natural gas water where it is transferred to tankers for transport to downstream markets. 8-13 North Slope oil fields Oil was first discovered on the North Slope thousands of 14-17 Drilling technology years ago. Native Eskimos cut blocks of oil-soaked tundra from natural seeps to use as fuel. But the first real search 18-19 Oil production for oil didn’t begin until the late 1920s when hearty explor- ers traveled by dog team, foot and boat. 20-21 Getting oil to market, TAPS The first geologic surveys took place on Alaska’s North Slope in the late 1950s and early 1960s and in 1968, after 22-23 Double hull tankers nearly a dozen unsuccessful wells, or “dry holes,” a major discovery was made.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Report to Congress on Progress Made in Licensing and Constructing the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline
    Report Submitted to the United States Congress by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Third Report to Congress on Progress Made in Licensing and Constructing the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline January 31, 2007 Third Report to Congress on the Alaska Pipeline I. Executive Summary This report by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) is 1 submitted pursuant to section 1810 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005). Section 1810 of EPAct 2005 provides that within 180 days of the date of enactment, and every 180 days thereafter until the Alaska natural gas pipeline commences operation, the Commission shall submit to Congress a report describing the progress made in licensing and constructing the Alaska natural gas pipeline and any impediments thereto. This report describes the events and the progress that have transpired since the Commission’s Second Report on July 10, 2006. During the period covered by this report, the following key events have occurred: the President’s nominee for Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects was confirmed by the U.S. Senate and the Federal Coordinator’s office was opened; oral argument was held in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on the petition for review of the Commission’s Open Season regulations; negotiations between certain project sponsors and the State of Alaska on a fiscal contract ended without approval by the Alaskan legislature; and a new Alaska governor was elected in November and sworn into office on December 4, 2006. II. Status Report A. Status of Three Potential Projects The three potential projects described in the Commission’s first two reports are still being pursued by the project sponsors.
    [Show full text]
  • Unplugging the Dirty Energy Economy / Ii
    Polaris Institute, June 2015 The Polaris Institute is a public interest research organization based in Canada. Since 1997 Polaris has been dedicated to developing tools and strategies to take action on major public policy issues, including the corporate power that lies behind public policy making, on issues of energy security, water rights, climate change, green economy and global trade. Acknowledgements This Profile was researched and written by Mehreen Amani Khalfan, with additional research from Richard Girard, Daniel Cayley-Daoust, Erin Callary, Alexandra Bly and Brianna Aird. Special thanks to Heather Milton-Lightening and Clayton Thomas-Muller for their contributions. Cover design by Spencer Mann. This project was made possible through generous support from the European Climate Fund Polaris Institute 180 Metcalfe Street, Suite 500 Ottawa, ON K2P 1P5 Phone: 613-237-1717 Fax: 613-237-3359 Email: [email protected] www.polarisinstitute.org i / Polaris Institute Table of Contents SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 1 - ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE ............................................................................................................... 6 1.1 TRANSCANADA’S BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Moving Alaska Gas from Canada to the Lower 48
    Moving Alaska gas from Canada to the Lower 48 By: Bill White, Researcher/Writer, Office of the Federal Coordinator May 31, 2011 What would happen to Alaska's natural gas once it reaches the end of the proposed pipeline, 1,700 miles from Prudhoe Bay? The gas would flow into a vast network of Canadian and U.S. pipelines assembled over the past 60 years. Some key components of that network were built or expanded in the early 1980s in anticipation of Alaska gas starting to flow back then. Those components went into service without Alaska gas and helped Canada double its natural gas exports to the United States in the 1980s, then double them again in the 1990s. In all, the entire network today can move 15 billion to 20 billion cubic feet a day of natural gas, roughly three to four times the volume the Alaska pipeline would deliver to the British Columbia-Alberta border northwest of Edmonton. Of course, the network still moves billions of cubic feet of gas daily. But the volume it handles has been declining, leaving room for Alaska gas, and even if the flow is relatively flush when the Alaska pipeline is finished, the network's capacity could be expanded. No longer is there serious talk of needing a pipeline stretching all the way from Prudhoe Bay to Chicago. But why end the Alaska pipeline near the B.C.-Alberta border as opposed to somewhere else? The answer is simple: Three major North American gas pipeline systems converge there, in the heart of some of Canada's hottest natural gas plays.
    [Show full text]
  • Economics of Alaska North Slope Gas Idaho National Utilization Options Engineering Laboratory
    1NEL-96/0322 August 1996 Economics of Alaska North Slope Gas Idaho National Utilization Options Engineering Laboratory 0£C 1 9 133S OSTI Charles P. Thomas Tom C. Doughty John H. Hackworth Walter B. North Eric P. Robertson MASTER OJSTRIBUTfON OF im DOCUMENT IS UNUMOED LOCKHEED MARTIN' DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, orfavoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. INEL-96/0322 Economics of Alaska North Slope Gas Utilization Options Charles P. Thomas Tom C. Doughty John H. Hackworth Walter B. North Eric P. Robertson Published August 1996 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Advanced Engineering Development Laboratory Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Company Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy
    [Show full text]