Fact Sheet Pansy

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Fact Sheet for Texas A&M Floriculture Program Common Name Pansy and Viola or Johnny-Jump-Up Botanical Name Viola X wittrockiana (pansy); Viola tricolor (viola) Origin Hybrid (pansy); European naturalized in North America (viola) Product sizes Bedding plant, sold in autumn, survive winter, commence flowering late winter and early spring, wither in hot summer; cut flower Cultivars Hundreds for pansy organized into 3 flower sizes: 1.5-2.5, 2.5-3.5, 3.5-4.5-inch; violas come in various color combinations of yellow, purple-red, violet-blue, or white, 0.75-inch flowers Propagation Seed, germinate in dark, 60-64% germination at 65-750F; use primed seed in hot weather; violas like night temperature =600F Cost/propagule $0.02 – 0.20 seed or seedling plug Flowering control Long day decreases days to flower, increases flower number and internode length; night interruption increases height; short day produces short, sturdy stems Temperature High summer temperatures limit flowering by causing a decline in vigor; 40-550F after root establishment; >600F growth is weak and internodes elongate Light Supplemental HID decrease days to flower and increases flower number; use full light unless shade is needed to reduce temperature Water Never allow to be water stressed Nutrition (know Moderate feeder; 100 ppm N is sufficient, use symptoms and only nitrate N; B and Ca deficiency cause treatment for ones cupping & distortion of new foliage underlined below) N P K Ca Mg S Fe Mn Zn Cu B Mo Cl Ni E.C. ? pH 5.5-6.0 if too high or too much Ca = B deficiency; <5.5 = Ca deficiency or Fe & Mn toxicity = rusty mottling on foliage Height reduction Not needed if cool temperatures and high light prevail; Bonzi 2-15 ppm; Sumagic 3-6 ppm; Bnine 2500 ppm; DIF; water stress Spacing In garden beds 8 to 9-inches apart (pansy); 6 to 8-inch apart (viola); in flats space flat to flat Pinching/disbud None Support NA Insects (be able to Aphids; thrips identify those listed) Diseases (know Damping off (Pythium and Rhizoctonia); leaf symptoms and spot; Botrytis; Root and crown rot treatments for those listed) Physiol. Disorders Insufficient flower size due to high production (know symptoms temperature and/or late application of growth and treatments for retardants; Mottled Pansy Syndrome = those listed) elongated, twisted, streaked leaves, cause unknown When to harvest Cut flowers, when flower is almost fully open, (plant development store in water at 34-410F, up to 7 days stage) Improving Plugs can be stored 16 weeks at 410F with 5 postharvest quality fc and at 32-360F in the dark; moderately and longevity sensitive to ethylene Shipping requirements Expected NA postharvest longevity Market period Fall sales for fall planting and late winter and spring flowering in the south; spring sales in the north Market price ? .

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COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION of SPECIALTY CUT FLOWERS By
COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF SPECIALTY CUT FLOWERS By TODD JASON CAVINS Bachelor of Science Southwestern Oklahoma State University Weatherford, Oklahoma 1997 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December, 1999 COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF SPECIALTY CUT FLOWERS Thesis Approved: ' 1 Thesis Advisor .. ;.; ,, ( Dean of the Graduate College 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The purpose of this study was to improve production methods of various specialty cut flower species. Improving production methods allows growers to reduce cost, improve plant quality and earn higher profits. This study involved three research areas of specialty cut flowers. Partial funding was provided by a S.A.R.E. grant and Bear Creek Farm, Stillwater, OK. I would like to thank my principle advisor Dr. John Dole for his encouragement, support, honesty and perseverance. I would like to thank Dr. Janet Cole and Dr. Jim Ownby for serving on my thesis committee. Dr. Cole offered valuable insight and direction towards the research. Dr. Ownby contributed with his wealth of knowledge in plant physiology. A special thanks goes to Vicki Stamback and the gang at Bear Creek Farm. Vicki's experience as a specialty cut flower grower allowed me to gain personal knowledge of the cut flower industry that would not have taken place without her. Vicki's efforts and cooperation greatly improved this study. I want to thank Randall Smith and Leah Aufill for their assistance and plant care. Tim Hooper also contributed by offering his experiences from the floriculture industry and providing stress relieving lunch breaks.
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Insect Pests of Greenhouse-Grown Pansy Raymond A
Floriculture Indiana Vol. 12 No. 3 Summer 1998 Page 7 Insect Pests of Greenhouse-Grown Pansy Raymond A. Cloyd Entomology Department, Purdue University 1158 Entomology Hall,West Lafayette, IN 47907-1158 Phone: (765) 494-4575 Fax: (765) 494-2152 Pansy {Viola X wittrockiand) is one of the plant quality, nutrition, and temperature. Adult most widely grown bedding plants in U.S. green aphids may be winged orwingless. Young develop houses. Like many ornamental bedding plants into wingless adults unless the host (plant) be pansy is susceptible to various insect pests. Pests comes crowded in which case the young develop maybe present in the early stages of plantgrowth into winged forms. This allows aphids to spread or appear later when plants are in flower. The rapidly to other areas of the greenhouse. Aphids major insect pests of pansy are aphids, fungus can overwinter outside thegreenhouse as eggs. In gnats, shoreflies, western flower thrips, and cater thespring, eggs hatchand theyoungdevelop into pillars. Whiteflies and two-spotted spider-mites winged females that fly intothegreenhouse. Once are generally considered minor pests. inside thegreenhouse, theyproduce live, wingless female offspring. If winged adults are found on Aphids yellow sticky cards this indicates that a heavy Aphidsgenerally attackpansyinthespring population is present and management strategies and/or late summer. They are usually located on need to be implemented immediately. young terminal growth. Aphids feed on plant tissue with theirpiercing-sucking mouthparts caus Fungus Gnats ing plant stunting, wilting, leaf yellowing, and Fungus gnatlarvae cause direct damage by upward curling of leaves. A by-product of their feeding on roots (roothairs).
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INCLUDES NEW 2020 INTRODUCTIONS YOUR #1 CHOICE FOR PANSIES & VIOLAS LOOK INSIDE FOR BEST-IN-CLASS VARIETIES! QUICK REFERENCE CHART Series MATRIX® SPRING FRIZZLE PANOLA® XP COOL FRIZZLE QUICKTIME™ SORBET® XP MATRIX™ SIZZLE & PANOLA® WAVE® SIZZLE MINI & SORBET® Outstanding This is the pansy Designed for Specialty ruffled Panola XP includes The best-performing Unique frilly viola Flowering two Sorbet XP’s Features & you want for longer cool-season, flower form grabs landscaper- spreading pansy for cool-season weeks faster than genetics offer a Benefits days and warmer short-day growing attention in cool- friendly clear series delivers easy production is comparable series, uniform plant habit growing. Matrix conditions, Spring season end cap colors perfect for spreading color for great for smaller Quicktime allows and tight bloom features uniform Matrix is your best displays, containers mixing up custom Spring and Fall, so containers you to sow your window for precise, timing and plant option for plants and “close-up” blends, and they you can extend your and “close-up” viola crop two programmable, habit, with a tight that look better, last landscapes. offer exceptional growing season, and landscapes. weeks later and predictable growing bloom window so longer and have the overwintering, Cool Wave beats still ship on time in and shipping of the all colors ship in the tightest flowering uniform habit and other pansies hands Spring. highest-quality same week in Fall. window for less a tight flowering down for vigor and plants. dump. window. overwintering.
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The Many Faces of Pansies Two Large Dogs
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