CENTENARY TIMELINE FOR THE COUNTY OF (1920 – 1923)

– WAR OF INDEPENDENCE AND CIVIL WAR

Guidance Note: This document provides hundreds of key dates with regard to the involvement of in the War of Independence and Civil War. These include the majority of the key occurrences of 1920 – 1923 including all major events from the County of Cork (including some other locations that involved people from County Cork), as well as key developments on the national level (or elsewhere in the country) during this timeframe (blue). All key ambushes, attacks and executions are included as well as events that saw the loss of life of Cork people, whether in Cork County or further afield. A number of notable events pertaining to Cork City are also included (green) and a details/link section is provided to indicate the source material.

While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information contained within this document, given the volume of material and variations in the historical record, there will undoubtedly be errors, omissions and other such issues. It is the intention of Cork County Council’s Commemorations Committee that this will remain a ‘live document’ and all suggested additional dates/amendments/etc. are most welcome, with this document being continually updated as appropriate.

Cork County Council’s Commemorations Committee recognises and wishes to pay tribute to the excellent research already undertaken by some excellent scholars regarding this time period and looks forward to further correspondence from community groups and other interested persons.

It is the purpose of this document to provide such dates that will assist local community groups in the organising of their local centenary events.

All correspondence can be sent to [email protected]. Document Last Updated on 10/02/2020

SECTION ONE: 1920 AND THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE IN COUNTY CORK

TITLE DATE(S) DETAIL DETAILS/LINK : RIC https://en.wikipedia.org/wi IRA volunteers under Mick Leahy of the 1st Cork Brigade captured barracks captured by ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ 02/01/1920 Carrigtwohill RIC barracks. This is reported as the first officially- IRA - (reported as War_of_Independence + to sanctioned attack on an RIC barracks, which was undertaken by the the first officially- http://www.corkpastandpr 03/01/1920 and IRA Active Service Units on the night of 02 January sanctioned attack on esent.ie/history/timeline- and the early hours of 03 January. an RIC barracks) 1918-1923/1920.html On 9 February the RIC Barracks was raided by a party of lead by Captain Diarmuid Hurley. The attack was Castlemartyr: RIC unplanned and only a small party of 10-14 volunteers were involved. The http://www.corkpastandpr barracks captured by 09/02/1920 Castlemartyr Barracks was garrisoned by eight RIC personnel including esent.ie/history/timeline-

IRA two sergeants. According to sources, two of the garrison (Sergeant 1918-1923/1920.html O’Brien and Constable Collins) were held up on the main Midleton road after returning from policing a fair in the town.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wi : RIC barracks An IRA unit led by Seán Hales attacked Allihies RIC barracks killing an RIC ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ captured by IRA - 12/02/1920 officer (Constable Michael Neenan). Afterwards, the RIC abandoned War_of_Independence and One Fatality several small barracks in the area.

Barry Keane

William Newman died when the IRA attempted to capture arms at Cobh: Arms Capture 03/03/1920 Queenstown (Cobh). Five soldiers were held up outside Barry Keane - One Fatality Docks and Private Newman was shot when he tried to escape. RIC Constable Timothy Scully (aged 64) was shot dead when his patrol Cork City (): 11/03/1920 was ambushed returning to barracks in Glanmire. In reprisal, RIC officers https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Ambush - One to attacked homes in Cork City. ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Fatality 12/03/1920 War_of_Independence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Cork City: Fatal RIC Constable Joseph Murtagh (aged 45) was shot dead in an IRA 19/03/1920 ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Shooting ambush in Cork city while he was returning from a colleague's funeral.

War_of_Independence Lord Mayor of Cork, from Mourneabbey, Tomás MacCurtain, was shot dead in his family home in front of his family on the morning of his thirty sixth birthday. He was then the Brigade Commander of the IRA No. 1 Cork Brigade and had become a clear target to British reprisals due to the public nature of his position as well as his well known republican connections. The night before his murder, Mr Tomás MacCurtain, was working late at Cork City Hall with the town clerk, Con Harrington. Tadhg Barry came in to warn him that there would be reprisal set against him by the British if another RIC member was shot in Cork. As Mr MacCurtain made his way home he was approached and warned that a RIC Constable Murtagh had been shot on Popes Quay late on March 19th. At approximately 1.00 am in the early hours of Saturday morning, 20 http://www.corkpastandpr of 20/03/1920 March, Tomás MacCurtain and his wife, Mrs Elizabeth MacCurtain, were esent.ie/history/timeline- Tomás MacCurtain woken from their sleep by loud knocking on the front door of the shop. 1918-1923/1920.html Tomas MacCurtain was shot twice in his room. An inquest was completed on 17 April which had witnesses including 64 police, 31 civilians and 2 military personnel. The verdict given was that Mr Tomás MacCurtain was willfully murdered, and that the murder was organised and carried out by the Royal Irish Constabulary, officially directed by the British government. It returned a verdict of willful murder against , Prime Minister of England; Lord French, Lord Lieutenant of ; Ian Macpherson, late chief secretary of Ireland; acting Inspector General Smith, of the Royal Irish Constabulary; Divisional Inspector Clayton, of the Royal Irish Constabulary; District Inspector Swanzy, and some unknown members of the Royal Irish Constabulary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Blacks and Tans arrive - they are primarily ex-soldiers recruited to 25/03/1920 ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Arrive in Ireland reinforce the RIC War_of_Independence https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Better Government Better Government of Ireland Bill was passed by 348 votes to 94 in 29/03/1920 ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ of Ireland Bill Passed Westminster War_of_Independence - Unsuccessful Attack 31/03/1920 Unsuccessful IRA attack on RIC barracks at Durrus, West Cork Martin Millerick on Barracks RIC Barracks and 03/04/1920 Income Tax Offices IRA burn over 300 abandoned RIC barracks in rural areas + over 100 to Martin Millerick burned across income tax offices across Ireland 04/04/1920 Ireland by IRA IRA prisoners in https://en.wikipedia.org/wi IRA prisoners began a hunger strike in Mountjoy Prison, demanding Mountjoy began a 05/04/1920 ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ prisoner of war status hunger strike War_of_Independence https://en.wikipedia.org/wi - Fatal 22/04/1920 IRA shot dead a DMP sergeant [Michael McCarthy] in Clonakilty. He was ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Incident - One to shot on the 22nd April and declared dead on April 24. He was a member War_of_Independence and Fatality 24/04/1920 of the Metropolitan Police who was home on leave at the time.

Barry Keane https://en.wikipedia.org/wi IRA ambushed and killed two RIC officers (Sgt Cornelius Crean, aged 48, : ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ and Constable Patrick McGoldrick, aged 59). They had left the RIC Ambush - Two 25/04/1920 War_of_Independence and barracks at and were ambushed as they reached Fatalities http://www.theirishrevolut Ballinspittle. ion.ie https://en.wikipedia.org/wi : Barracks 08/05/1920 The IRA 1st Cork Brigade, led by Mick Leahy, captured Cloyne Barracks ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ captured by IRA War_of_Independence Three RIC constables, Sergt. John Flynn, Constables William Brick and Edward Dunne, who were stationed at , were ambushed and Timoleague - shot dead at Ahawadda, just outside Timoleague on May 10th. 1920. A Ahawadda Ambush - 10/05/1920 fourth constable, Arthur Grimsdale survived. This caused great outrage Barry Keane Three Fatalities at the time, with the parish priest of Timoleague Fr. O’Hea and the Bishop of Ross, Most Rev. Dr. Kelly foremost in leading condemnation of the ambush. Sergeant Denis Garvey and Constable Daniel Harrington were shot dead Cork City - Two shot 12/05/1920 while Constable Doyle was wounded on the Lower Road Cork near the Barry Keane dead railway station. 14/05/1920 Every member of the Dáil (not already in prison) received a note through https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Eye for an Eye, to the post that said "An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Therefore a life ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Tooth for a Tooth 15/05/1920 for a life" War_of_Independence Cork City () - https://en.wikipedia.org/wi RIC Barracks 01/06/1920 RIC Barracks in Blarney destroyed by IRA ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ destroyed by IRA War_of_Independence - RIC https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Barracks destroyed 01/06/1920 RIC Barracks in Carrigadrohid destroyed by IRA ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ by IRA War_of_Independence British courts of assize failed across the south and west, and trials by jury British Courts of 01/06/1920 https://en.wikipedia.org/wi could not be held because potential jurors refused to participate. The Assize Fail across the to ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ collapse of the court system demoralized the RIC and many officers left South and West 31/07/1920 War_of_Independence the force. Local Government Elections 1920 02/06/1920 Local Government Elections of County Cork 1920 (County Cork) (Ardnagashel) Constable Thomas King shot and killed outside Bantry by members of Martin Millerick and Barry - Shooting - One 12/06/1920 the IRA. Keane Fatality Bantry - Clonee MM: Clonee wood ambush. RIC officer killed (Constable James Brett) Martin Millerick and Barry Wood Ambush - One 12/06/1920 and one wounded. Keane Fatality Following the Elections of 1920 some 91% of Municipal and County Cork County Council Councils recognized the Irish Government and declared they no longer Cork County Council pledges allegiance to 19/06/1920 gave allegiance to the English Government. Cork County Council Centenary of the First Dáil Dáil Éireann adopted such a resolution on the 19th of June, 1920, with Dómhnall Ó Booklet - January 2019 Ceallacháin as Cathaorlach. - Brigadier- General Cuthbert Heritage Centenary Sites of On 26 June Liam Lynch and other volunteers of Cork No. 2 Brigade Lucas Kidnapped - Rebel County Cork (p. 78) captured Brigadier-General Cuthbert Lucas in Fermoy, the highest the Highest Ranking and 26/06/1920 ranking officer to be taken during the conflict. Although he escaped his Officer to be taken https://en.wikipedia.org/wi captor’s custody after a few weeks, the detention of such a significant during the War of ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ officer by the IRA was a major issue for the British Independence in War_of_Independence Ireland Cobh - Change of Elected Members change the name of the town from Queenstown to Queenstown to 02/07/1920 N/A Cobh Cobh Cornelius Crowley was shot dead in his bed and many prominent Sinn Bantry - Shooting - 03/07/1920 Fein members were attacked in Bantry. A Shop and a number of houes Barry Keane One Fatality were also burned. British Colonel Gerald Smyth was assassinated by the IRA in a Cork City country club. Smyth had told RIC officers to shoot civilians who disobeyed orders.. On 17 July 1920 the recently appointed Munster Divisional Police Commissioner, Lt. Col. Gerard Bryce Ferguson Smyth, was shot by the IRA in a Cork City County Club. Lt Col. Gerard Bryce Ferguson Smyth was a decorated war hero of the First World War. In https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Cork City British June 1920 Colonel Smyth was sent to Ireland at the height of the War of ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Colonel Gerald Independence and was seconded to the RIC. The reason behind the War_of_Independence + 17/07/1920 Smyth assassinated deliberate targeting of Lt. Col Smyth appears to have been for the shoot http://www.corkpastandpr by IRA to kill policy he attempted to encourage in the RIC. On the 17th a dozen esent.ie/history/timeline- members of the No.1 Brigade entered the County Club. One of the men 1918-1923/1920.html walked up to Smyth and allegedly said: 'Your orders were to shoot on sight. You are in sight now so make ready', after which he was shot a number of times. On the following day General Strickland, Commander of British forces in the area, ordered a and armoured cars and military police and soldiers patrolled the streets of Cork. Cork City - Three It is understood that three people were shot in Cork City on July 19th 19/07/1920 Barry Keane Fatalities 1920: James Bourke; William McGrath, and John O'Brien, aged 18.

The Irish Times reports that Captain James Airy of the Manchester Regiment was ambushed along with his patrol quarter of a mile from and that he had died from his wounds. Private Ernest F. Barlow was also wounded and died. BMH 1543 stated ‘On the third morning, on the 17th July, our expected lorry came along. It was fun of soldiers armed with rifle. As it came into the ambush position a private car taking a patient to hospital also drove into the ambush position. The private car had been signaled to stop but the driver ignored the signal. The private car was going towards . We waited until the private car got past the lorry before we opened fire. In the first volley Baile Bhuirne the driver of the lorry was wounded in the cheek. The lorry for the Ambush - Two 20/07/1920 moment went out of control and mounted the fence on the side of the Barry Keane Fatalaties road. After travelling a couple of hundred yards with its two left wheels on the fence, the driver managed to get it back on the road after which it disappeared from our view around a bend…In this encounter a Captain Eyrie was shot dead …to our surprise, no reprisals were carried out in the village. Instead, reprisals were carried out in Fermoy a night or two after the attack…We learned later that Captain Eyrie, who was stationed in Fermoy, had only came to Macroom the morning 10. He was killed and had only cone for the' drive to Ballyvourney. A short time previous he had criminally assaulted a young girl in Fermoy as she was returning from school and apparently the authorities were of the opinion that he had been killed by members of the Fermoy I.R.A. for the offence’. Daniel McGrath, aged 18 years, one of a social gathering at Coracunna - Cross, Mitchelstown, County Cork, which dispersed in terror on a shot Shootings - Two 21/07/1920 Barry Keane being fired from a military lorry. McGrath was shot dead when running Fatalaties for cover. Thomas Mc Donnell shot in similar circumstances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Bandon - An RIC Intelligence Officer D/Sgt William Mulherin (aged 38) is ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Assassination of 25/07/1920 assassinated by the IRA outside St. Patrick's R.C. Church in Bandon. War_of_Independence and Intelligence Officer

Barry Keane Cork City - One Cornelius Doherty Shot outside St. Francis Church in the city centre by a 26/07/1920 Barry Keane Fatality passing army or police lorry https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Clonakilty - ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Shooting - One 27/07/1920 AN RIC Constable (James Murray) is shot on Rossa St. in Clonakilty. War_of_Independence and Fatality

Barry Keane

Major Percival took Corporal Thomas Maddox with him on an https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Bandon -Shooting at intelligence raid on the home of Sean Buckley, IRA intelligence officer ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ 27/07/1920 Raid - One Fatality who lived a few doors from the barracks in Bandon. The IRA had sentries War_of_Independence and

posted and Maddox was shot as the two men approached the back yard. Barry Keane

The of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC), generally known as the Auxiliaries or Auxies, was a paramilitary unit of the Royal Auxiliaries arrive in https://en.m.wikipedia.org 27/07/1920 Irish Constabulary (RIC) during the Irish War of Independence. It was set

Ireland › wiki › Auxiliary_Division up in July 1920 and made up of former officers, most of whom came from . - John M. Kingston was shot while trespassing in a wood near Shooting - One 30/07/1920 Barry Keane Dunmanway Fatality

Kildorrery Ambush: The IRA's East Flying Column under Donnacha O'Hannigan and George Lennon, joined forces with a Cork https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Kildorrery - Ambush column under Tom Barry Numbering twenty-five men to ambush a six- ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ 07/08/1920 - One Fatality man Black and Tans and two-men RIC foot patrol near Kildorrery, County War_of_Independence and

Cork. All the Black and Tans/RIC men were wounded, one fatally (Ernest Barry Keane Watkins). Six revolvers and 250 rounds of ammunition were seized. Terence McSwiney, Lord Mayor of Cork, was arrested. McSwiney began a hunger strike in protest and was joined by ten other prisoners. IRA officers Liam Lynch and Seán Hegarty were also arrested, but mistakenly released by the British. Cork Past and Present: On 20 , Terence MacSwiney was unanimously elected Lord Mayor of Cork by the city's Corporation, composed of representatives of Sinn Féin, the Redmond, O’Brien and Unionist parties. In the local elections in 1920 Sinn Fein secured 30 of the fifty six seats with the collapse in support for the Irish Parliamentary Party which supported https://en.wikipedia.org/wi constitutional nationalism. Terence MacSwiney was a well known ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ republican and was the Commander of the No.1 Brigade of the Cork IRA Terence McSwiney War_of_Independence and 12/08/1920 following the death of Tomás MacCurtain. Due to the escalation of Arrested http://www.corkpastandpr nationalist activity throughout Cork the British authorities sought to esent.ie/history/timeline- make an example. On Thursday 12 August 1920, the British Military 1918-1923/1920.html surrounded Cork City Hall and arrested the Lord Mayor, Terence MacSwiney, and ten other prominent Sinn Féiners who were adjudicating in courts or acting as Officers of the Courts. The Lord Mayor was taken to Victoria Barracks before being moved to Cork County Gaol. The Lord Mayor, Terence MacSwiney, stated that his arrest and the arrest of the other Council members was illegal and that he would take part in a hunger strike, which he began on the day of his arrest, until he was freed or would die in protest. Over 50 other political prisoners were also on hunger strike during this time in the County Gaol. Clonbannin The newspaper reports that a soldier was shot dead in Clonbannin Co. () - 14/08/1920 Cork.. of the 19 August identified him as Private Albert Barry Keane Shooting - One Edward Nunn from Chesterfield fatality ‘John O'Connell, Derrygallon, County Cork, shot dead by military and - Two police from whom he endeavoured to escape when they came to arrest Barry Keane and 16/08/1920 Fatalities him at his own house.’ #2 Patrick Clancy, Derrygallon, County Cork, http://theirishrevolution.ie bayoneted and killed while in custody of military. James Herlihy, and some other civilians, were known to be in touch with the British military and to have supplied to them the names of prominent I.R.A. men in the district. These spies had been supplied with revolvers (by the British) for their protection in case of attack by the Cork City - Pouladuff 20/08/1920 I.R.A. As the result of military raids on houses of prominent I.R.A. men in Michael Collins House - Spy Executed the area, it became known that Herlihy was one of those who had given information. He was taken into custody and removed to the Pouladuff district south of the city, where he was executed by a firing squad on instructions from the Brigade.' A cycle patrol of twenty British troops was ambushed outside Baile Bhuirne Ballyvourney. An IRA man called on them to halt but they attempted to Ambush - One 21/08/1920 Barry Keane ride through the ambush. Four were injured and Fredrick Sharman died Fatality at the scene. Inchigeelagh On Saturday the 21st of August RIC Sergeant Daniel Maunsell aged 49 Ambush - One 21/08/1920 Barry Keane was killed in an ambush at Inchegeela Fatality District Inspector Oswald Swanzy is assassinated in , County Oswald Seanzy Antrim. Swanzy was seen as one of the key architects of Tomás assassinated in MacCurtain's death. Having been transferred from Cork to Lisburn for Antrim - believed to 22/08/1920 his safety, he was traced to Antrim and assassinated by members of Michael Collins House have been behind Collins' 'Squad' and a young member of the Cork No. 1 Brigade who had assassination of allegedly been given MacCurtain's personal gun to carry out the Michael Collins assassination with. After the killing of RIC Sergeant Maunsell on 21, August 1920 a lorry load of police, including the RIC county inspector drove to Macroom from Bandon the next morning to investigate the incident. They passed through the village of Lissarda on the way. After this was noted a group Lissarda Ambush - 22/08/1920 of local volunteers made preparations to engage them on their return. Barry Keane Michael Galvin killed As the police drove through Lissarda on their return journey they were forced to stop by a cart which had been positioned across the main road. They were ordered to surrender but immediately opened fire on the ambushers. Michael Galvin was killed. Charleville - Private Joseph Evans was accidentally shot on the main street of Accidental Shooting 24/08/1920 Barry Keane Charleville by another soldier - One Fatality - Two Constables [John McNamara and Patrick Cleary] shot in Glengarriffe Shooting - One 24/08/1920 County Cork by men who apparently came over the Barry Keane Fatality from Kenmare. [Constable John McNamara dies]. Bantry - Shooting - 25/08/1920 Constable Mathew Haugh shot dead in Bantry. Barry Keane One Fatality Both men [Dodd and Kelly] were shot by the same bullet discharged - Shooting 26/08/1920 accidentally by Private Wardell in Millstreet. CN Private John Kelly dies. Barry Keane - One Fatality

John Buckley, Midleton, County Cork, shot dead while being conveyed Midleton - Shooting with his brother, to whom he was bound with ropes, in a covered lorry 27/08/1920 Barry Keane - one fatality under an escort of 20 armed soldiers.

Castlemartyr - A Soldier was shot dead in Castlemartyr. The Irish Times identified the Shooting - one 28/08/1920 Barry Keane location as Cahirmore and the victim as Private Charles Edward Hall. fatality George Walker, Queenstown, County Cork, a wounded ex-soldier Cobh - Shooting - unable to raise his hands rapidly enough when called upon by military, 28/08/1920 Barry Keane one fatality was promptly shot and after falling was bayoneted.

Tim Fitzgerald is the first member of the Cork No. 3 Brigade to be killed Brinny: Ambush - on duty. A planned ambush at Brinny for the was Michael Collins House and 29/08/1920 One Fatality surprised by Crown forces. historicgraves.com

Date Uncertain: A man named Brady, a native of Dublin, who was employed as a printer in Macroom, had been under suspicion as an enemy agent. On a night in September he was drinking with Auxiliaries at the Market Bar and was overheard by the proprietor, Mr. Shields, and two recently resigned R.I.C. Men, brothers, named Vaughan, giving Cork City - one information that Barrett's house in the South Square was being used by 01/09/1920 Barry Keane fatality the I.R.A. as a billet. Word was conveyed by Shields and the Volunteers using the house were alerted and when the raid took place no one was found on the premises. Brady was arrested by the IRA, convicted after a trial and deported from the country. He returned after some weeks and visited Union Quay Barracks, Cork. He was shadowed one night as he left this post and he was shot dead at Tory top Lane. #1 Patrick Hegarty, Ballyvourney, County Cork, shot dead when machine-gun fire was opened from an apparently deserted military Baile Bhuirne - motor lorry which was being viewed on the roadside by a crowd of Shootings - Two 05/09/1920 young people. #2 ‘Michael Lynch, Ballyvourney, County Cork, shot dead Barry Keane Fatalaties when cycling past in apparently deserted military motor lorry from which machine-gun fire was opened on a crowd of young people who were viewing it by the road-side.’ . The Brigade had ample evidence that John O'Callaghan was conveying information to the British. He was taken into custody by the IRA to the Cork City - one 15/09/1920 Thomas Ashe Hall, Father Mathew Quay, Cork, where he was placed Barry Keane fatality under guard. Later that evening he was taken by car outside the city and executed. Members of Cork No. 2 Brigade led by Liam Lynch and GHQ organiser Michael Collins House & Ernie O'Malley capture a British military barracks in Mallow. The town is https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Mallow - Capturing destroyed in a reprisal. - They seized weaponry, freed prisoners and ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ of Barracks - one 28/09/1920 killed a British sergeant (William George Gibbs). It was the only British War_of_Independence and fatality Army barracks to be captured during the war. British troops burned www.irishmedals.ie/british many buildings in the town in reprisal -Soldiers.php - Shooting Patrick Nunan was shot at Ardpatrick, Buttevant by uniformed men who 30/09/1920 Barry Keane - one fatality apparently called to the wrong house According to the West Cork Eagle armed men had broken in to the Shannon household and Philip Shannon had fought them off with a Barry Keane and -House blackthorn stick. This was despite having a revolver pointed at him. The 01/10/1920 http://theirishrevolution.ie Raid - One Fatality armed men retreated. The following morning when the Shannons came /1920-70/#.XZnGICV7lUM out of the house 'a fellow ran in the gate and fired point blank at Samuel Richard Shannon who was shot in the side and died. Cork City - one 03/10/1920 Constable Clarence Chave was killed on Patrick’s Street Barry Keane fatality Bureau Military History WS The Essex regiment surrounded a IRA ambush at the Chetwynd Viaduct just outside Cork city. Bureau Military Chetwynd History Witness Statement Michael O’Regan. One of the main body, a (relevance also to man named Jeremiah Herlihy, signaller, was captured by the military Clondrohid)- 05/10/1920 Barry Keane and told to run. He turned and just walked away and was shot in the shooting - one neck as he did so. He was found, a few hours later, taken to a hospital in fatality Cork city where he died the next day. He was later buried at Clondrohid [sic] with military honours’. The Essex regiment was on patrol through the heart of the IRA ‘safe zone’ at when the IRA ambushed them in an impromptu Newcestown ambush. Both Lieutenants [Robert Robertson and Gurth Richardson] Ambush - two 09/10/1920 were killed and Major Arthur Percival, Sgt Benton and Private Wotton Barry Keane fatalities were all awarded medals. Richardson Gurth Alwyn, (Flight Lieutenant Royal Air Force) and Robertson Robert Douglas Finch (Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Essex Regiment). Robertson died on 12/10/1920. Private John Gordon Squibbs of the Hampshire Regiment was killed by a grenade which was thrown into a military lorry. After the killing at the Cork City - one South Gate Bridge ‘Revenge tonight’ was scrawled on the wall. That 12/10/1920 Barry Keane fatality night the first attempt to burn Cork City Hall occurred. The Freemans Journal had a report of the military inquiry on October 9 which establishes the facts. On 18th September the SS reports that Dunmanway had been raided by the Britsh who were being lead by John Hawkes (alias James Mahony). He was shot as he left the workhouse in Skibbereen where he had slept Skibbereen - for the night. He had gone to the police barracks the night before telling Shooting - One 13/10/1920 Barry Keane them that the IRA was after him. He was a suspected spy. The military Fatality confirmed that he had been working for them. On 2nd July 1921 the Southern Star reported that his mother was awarded compensation of £300 for his death. - James Lehane, Ballymakeera, county Cork, taken from the shop where Shooting - one 15/10/1920 Barry Keane he worked by police, who shot him dead near his father's house. fatality John Connolly, Bandon, county Cork, found buried near the military Bandon - one fatality 15/10/1920 Barry Keane barracks where he had been a prisoner in custody for 15 days. Cork City - one Michael Griffin was injured during a police search in the city centre and 16/10/1920 Barry Keane fatality died on 16 October. Cork City - one Patrick Mc Nestry’s death is recorded on 16 October 1920. Buried in the 16/10/1920 Barry Keane fatality Republican Plot St. Finbarr’s Cemetery Cork Michael Fitzgerald (1881 - 17/10/1920) was born in Ballyoran Fermoy. Following the September, 1919 attack on a British armed party outside the Wesleyan church at Fermoy in which one soldier was killed, a https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Fermoy - Michael number of local volunteers were arrested and detained. However, ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Fitzgerald dies on 17/10/1920 despite the threat of heavy penalties, no jury could be empowered to try War_of_Independence and Hunger Strike the prisoners and they remained in custody at Cork Jail. On August 11,

Barry Keane 1920 Michael Fitzgerald, together with a number of other untried prisoners, began a hunger strike for release, which ended in his death sixty-seven days later. He is buried at KIlcrumper Cemetery, Fermoy. 21/10/1920 Berite Rippingdale died from gunshot wounds inflicted on October 21st Leap - Ambush - two

to 1921 and he died the following day. Rundale died on 8 November after Barry Keane fatalities 08/11/1920 developing a bowel obstruction resulting from his shooting. IRA personnel attacked a lorry carrying British troops Toureen from the Essex Regiment at the Toureen Ambush, on the road between https://en.wikipedia.org/wi (Ballinhassig)- Bandon and Cork. Three soldiers were killed, [Lt W.A. Dixon, Charles ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ 22/10/1920 Ambush - two Reid and Thomas Bennett]. Ten more were captured, disarmed and War_of_Independence and

fatalities then released. This was the first organised ambush by the 3rd West Barry Keane Cork Brigade. Terence MacSwiney, Lord Mayor of Cork, who had represented Mid- Cork in the First Dáil, died in Brixton Prison in London after 74 days on hunger strike. His protest, death and funeral attracted international attention to the fight for Irish Independence. At the time of his Court Michael Collins House + Martial Terence MacSwiney had already begun a hunger strike in Death of Terence http://www.corkpastandpr 25/10/1920 opposition to his arrest. Despite the Lord Mayor being gravely ill from McSwiney esent.ie/history/timeline- his hunger strike he declared that he would continue the hunger strike 1918-1923/1920.html until he was released or died of starvation. The British Government feared that releasing him would spark in Ireland, this was despite requests by King for his release. The Lord Mayor continued his hunger strike and after 74 days, on the 25 October, he passed away. Joe Murphy, from Pouladuff Road in , joined the Irish Volunteers in 1917 and took place in numerous actions during the War of Independence. He was arrested in July 1920 and imprisoned in Cork Gaol. He went on hunger strike along with ten other prisoners in July Barry Keane and 1920. He died after 76 days without food on 25th October 1920. He is Cork City - Death of https://en.wikipedia.org/wi 25/10/1920 buried in St Finbarr’s Cemetery. WIKIPEDIA: Michael Fitzgerald and Joseph Murphy ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Joseph Murray died on hunger strike. Both men, along with eight others,

War_of_Independence had been arrested along with MacSwiney. They were known as the Cork Ten because all ten went on the hunger strike together. After Fitzgerald and Murray died, Arthur Griffith called off the hunger strike and the other eight recovered Two individuals who deserted on 30 October 1920 from the Essex Regiment were shot by the West Cork Brigade because they had too Clonakilty: Shootings much information [Percy Talyor and Thomas Watling]. John L. Sullivan 30/10/1920 Barry Keane - Two Fatalities explains that the two men were shot after they had given information about Bandon barracks which led to the death of three IRA men on 3 December. Bernard Brown and David Rutherford were motorcycling from Fermoy to Killarney and were most likely captured outside Cork City near - Two 30/10/1920 Killeens. There is little doubt that they were killed most likely at Barry Keane Fatalities Knockraha where the 1st Brigade prison was located and where the warder remembers four British officers in captivity around this time. No. 3 Cork Brigade The Cork No. 3 Brigade flying column is formed. Tom Barry is appointed Flying Column 31/10/1920 N/A commander. formed Capt. Phil Kelleher, RIC District Inspector, Macroom shot dead by IRA. Macroom - Shooting Had boasted that he would ‘clean up’ the Macroom area of IRA. Source: 31/10/1920 Martin Millerick - One Fatality Cumann Staire Bhéal Átha na Ghaorthaidh – www.ballingearyhs.com/journal2004/forgte_not_kilmichael.html DUBLIN - First Irish Kevin Gerard Barry was the first Irish republican to be executed by the https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Republican executed British since the leaders of the . Barry was sentenced to 01/11/1920 ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ by British - Kevin death for his part in an Irish Volunteers operation which resulted in the War_of_Independence Barry deaths of three British soldiers. Young and married for only three weeks, Private Percy Victor Starling was mortally wounded by the accidental discharge of a rifle at the 05/11/1920 coastguard station in the village of Union Hall on Friday morning, 5 http://theirishrevolution.ie Union Hall - One to . Two other soldiers were also wounded by the /1920- Fatality 08/11/1920 discharge. Starling was conveyed to the Royal Naval Hospital at 101/#.Xhev6OvgpUM , where he died on 8 November of peritonitis stemming from a bullet wound in the abdomen

[William King] Killed in a barbershop in . Four other soldiers Youghal - One 05/11/1920 were also involved. Apparently, these events were part of reprisals after Barry Keane Fatality the Kinsalebeg ambush a few days earlier.

Ballingeary - House Christopher Lucy, Cork city, traced to a house in , County 10/11/1920 Barry Keane Raid - One Fatality Cork, by police who forced an entry and shot him dead. Stewart Chambers; Montague Green and William Watts were Waterfall - kidnapped and killed by the IRA when they were taken off a train at Kidnapping - Three 15/11/1920 Barry Keane Waterfall station outside Cork. Their bodies were apparently buried in a Fatalities local quarry and remain undiscovered.

Auxiliaries Lt. L Mitchell and B. V. A. Agnew left Macroom on 15 November and checked in to the Imperial Hotel Cork after which they disappeared. There are various versions of this story all centered around Cork City - Two http://theirishrevolution.ie 16/11/1920 the date. Some place these abductions on November 6th and the point Fatalities /1920-128/#.XhevzuvgpUN of capture at with the place of execution at Rusheen. Others place the abduction in Cork City. It is possible that there are two sets of intelligence officers missing at the same time. RIC sergeant James O'Donoghue was assassinated by IRA volunteers in White Street in Cork City. BK: That night three men were shot dead in https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Cork City - Four 17/11/1920 Cork by men in military uniform (Patrick Hanley (aged 17); Eugene ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Fatalities O'Connell, and James Coleman). It is also understood that a fourth - War_of_Independence Stephen Colemam - was also killed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Four IRA officers captured by the Auxiliaries in Durrus, County Cork. Only Durrus - IRA Officers ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ 19/11/1920 the intervention of a colonel of the King's Liverpool Regiment prevented Captured War_of_Independence and the men from being summarily executed.

Barry Keane

Barry Keane and Cork City, British Army Intelligence Officer [Joseph Thompson] knocked off his http://theirishrevolution.ie Carrigrohane - One 20/11/1920 motor bicycle at Carrigrohane and shot by the IRA. /1920- Fatality 116/#.Xhez2uvgpUM The infamous . Members of the 'Squad' and the Dublin Brigade carry out the assassination of 14 suspected intelligence agents in Dublin, In retaliation; Crown forces open fire at a match in Croke Park between Dublin and . 14 people are killed, including Tipperary player Michael Hogan. That night, , along with high-ranking IRA officers Dick McGee and Peadar Claney, were shot while in custody, allegedly after attempting to escape. The violence of the day began with a large scale attempt by the Dublin Brigade of the IRA to assassinate thirty five members of the British Military Intelligence stationed in Ireland in order to stop intelligence being gathered on IRA members and operations. By 1920 the IRA had largely dismantled the Dublin Metropolitan Police intelligence organisation known as Division G which provided the mainstay of British intelligence. British Army Intelligence Centre in Ireland stood up a Michael Collins House + Dublin - Bloody special plainclothes unit of 18–20 demobilized ex-army officers and http://www.corkpastandpr 21/11/1920 Sunday some active-duty officers to conduct clandestine operations against the esent.ie/history/timeline- IRA and this unit became known as the ‘’. While they were 1918-1923/1920.html gathering intelligence on the IRA operatives, sources controlled by Michael Collins had already provided the names of each officer involved in the gang. The IRA also recruited servant who worked in the boarding houses and hotels the men stayed at. On the morning of 21 November the IRA carried out operations to destroy the Cairo gang. In simultaneous twelve of the Intelligence officers as well as a number of Auxiliaries and Court Martial officers were shot. This sent the Intelligence organisation into disarray with any British officers who escaped as well as many not involved with intelligence operations fleeing to . In the Afternoon of 21 November a second atrocity took place at the Dublin versus Tipperary football match in Croke Park. The Security forces entered the stadium and opened fire at the crowd killing 14 people with a further seventy wounded. Killed at Leap The Cork Examiner on 23 November 1920 reported that Barry Keane and On Sunday night at Leap, between 8 and 9 o'clock, as Constables Henry Leap - Shooting - http://www.policerollofho 21/11/1920 Jays and Mills were passing through the village volleys were fired at One Fatality nour.org.uk/forces/ireland them from behind a hoarding near the Cross turning to . Jays _to_1922/ric/ric_roll.htm was mortally wounded and died almost instantaneously.’ The late Paddy McCarthy was born in and reared in Freemount, not far from Millstreet. He became an active member of Óglaigh na hÉireann following the 1916 Easter Rising. On May 8, 1918 he was Millstreet - One charged with a gun offence and imprisoned for 18 months. He was held 22/11/1920 Barry Keane Fatality in and in Manchester where he managed to escape in October 1919. He took part in the capture of Mallow Barracks in September 1920. He met his fate on Mill Lane on the night of the 22nd November 1920, when his Flying Column took on the British Forces in Millstreet. Kildorrery - Shooting 26/11/1920 [Denis O'Connell] shot in KIldorrery by British Army. Barry Keane - One Fatality Cork City - RIC Inspector Madden 26/11/1920 RIC Inspector Robert Madden was shot in the jaw on the South Mall. Barry Keane killed Cork City - Bomb Premature explosion at Watercourse Road Bomb factory. Cork, The men Factory Explosion - 26/11/1920 were buried at St. Finbarr's Cemetery, Cork. [Volunteer Denis Morrissey Barry Keane Two Fatalities and Volunteer William Mulcahy] Cork City - St. Patrick's Street - One of the three IRA men dropped a grenade he was carrying on St. accidental explosion, 26/11/1920 Patrick’s Street and they were killed when it exploded. [Patrick Barry Keane resulting in three O'Donoghue, Patrick Trahy and James Meihigan] fatalities British troops were ambushed and these men killed at while Glanworth Ambush - 26/11/1920 returning from the inquest into Denis O’Connell earlier the same day. Barry Keane three fatalities [Walter Gammon and Ernest Hall] Liam Heffernan was sitting in his car outside a shop in the middle of Castlemartyr - Castlemartyr waiting for an IRA officer when he was spotted by Shooting - one 27/11/1920 Barry Keane Constable Timothy Quinn who walked up to him. Shots rang out and fatality Heffernan was mortally wounded. The takes place. Cork No. 3 Brigade's flying column ambushes a patrol of 18 Auxiliaries at Kilmichael, killing 17.[Cecil James Martin Millerick + Michael Bayley; William T. Barnes, Leonard Bradshaw, Francis Crake, James Collins House + Gleave, Philip Graham, Cecil Guthrie, Stanley Hugh-Jones, Hugo Kilmichael - Ambush http://www.corkpastandpr 28/11/1920 Frederick, Albert Jones, Ernest Lucas, William Pallester, Harold Pearson, - Twenty Fatalities esent.ie/history/timeline- Arthur Poole, Francis Taylor, Christopher Wainwright and Benjamin 1918-1923/1920.html + Webster]. It is the greatest number of casualties inflicted on the Crown Barry Keane forces from a single engagement anywhere in the country. 3 IRA killed [Michael McCarthy, Jim O'Sullivan and Patrick Deasy]. The reported on 29 November 1920 p.5 that Denis Kildorrery - Shooting 29/11/1920 O’Donnell was shot dead by unknown men in the kitchen of his home in Barry Keane - One Fatality Kildorrery. On the afternoon of 29 November, Volunteers from Cork No. 1 Brigade abducted James Blemens from his home on the Blackrock Road. Later, Cork City - Two 29/11/1920 at 7 pm, they abducted his son, Frederick. There are various accounts Barry Keane Fatalities but it is believed they wer shot and killed south of the city in Carroll’s bog. ‘ Dromleigh Kilmichael Historical Society erected plaques at Dromleigh (Kilmichael) - 29/11/1920 (remembering Denny O'Sullivan who was shot by the Auxiliaries on 29th Barry Keane Shooting - One November 1920). Fatality Cork City - One Carl Jolinson, Norwegian sailor, mortally wounded by auxiliary police 01/12/1920 Barry Keane Fatality who opened indiscriminate fire on the quays in Cork city. James Gordon of Leitrim was captured while drunk sometime in November according to the BMH statement. He was a 'Black & Tan' and was linked by the IRA to the killing of a number of Nationalists. Knockraha - One 01/12/1920 According to the Irish Military Pensions Application of Edward Maloney Barry Keane Fatality of Knockraha Gordon was held in ‘Sing Sing’ vault for three weeks before being shot by a group which included Malony who stated that four British Officers were held there at the same time. Shot by Auxiliaries SS 1 . The website Irish Medals reports ‘On Wednesday the 1st of December 1920 an altercation took place at the Royal Hotel in Fermoy County Cork between a group of Auxiliaries and Nicholas Prendergast of Black Vale Hotel Fermoy. Prendergast, who was an ex-British Army officer, was accused by the Auxiliaries of being a member of the I.R.A., when Prendergast refuted Barry Keane and Femoy Ambush - 01/12/1920 the accusation he was dragged into the car park of the Hotel and http://irishmedals.org/civili One Fatality severally beaten and then thrown into the river which was in full flow ans-killed.html due to flooding at the time. Prendergast’s body was not found for a month when it was discovered at the weir at . The inquest into Prendergast’s death found he died from asphyxia caused by violent injuries http://irishmedals.org/civilians-killed.html Barry Keane and https://stairnaheireann.net Bandon Military IRA members (Joe Begley (aged 24), John Galvin (18) and Jimmy /2016/12/03/1920-three- Barracks Ambush - 02/12/1920 O'Donoghue (I8)) lured by the promise of arms and ambushed outside bandon-members-of-the- Three Fatalities Bandon Military barracks. all three killed. ira-were-killed-in-an- ambush-set-by-the-essex- regiment/ Barry Keane and Youghal - Shooting - https://discovery.nationala 03/12/1920 Constable Maurice Prenderville RIC shot in Youghal One Fatality rchives.gov.uk/details/r/C1 3389449 Denis Regan, aged 21, Clashflack, County Cork, arrested by military at Barry Keane and Clashflack - Arrest Bandon and taken under heavy escort in a military motor lorry in the 07/12/1920 http://theirishrevolution.ie and Fatality direction of Clonakilty. His dead body was found on the road later with a /1920-163/#.XhfAr-vgpUM bullet wound in the back of the head. John 'Fleming, Cattle Market Avenue, Cork city, died as a result of wounds received when, with two brothers and a friend, fire was suddenly opened on them from a passing police lorry as they were walking along the street at 4.30 p. m. George Horgan Matthew Place Ballintemple ex soldier abducted and Cork City - Three 09/12/1920 shot. Warning notice demanding his return by '4 (O Clock) today Friday- Barry Keane Fatalities one man and one shop will disappear after the given time. Shot and killed during a raid on SS Peter’s and Paul’s Church off St Patrick’s Street was Michael J. Murphy, Tower Street, Cork city. He was shot dead by auxiliary police, who opened fire on worshippers leaving SS. Peter and Paul's. On 10 December 1920 Martial law was proclaimed in Counties Cork, Martial Law declared Kerry, Limerick, and Tipperary. In January 1921 Martial Law was https://en.wikipedia.org/wi in Cork, Limerick, 10/12/1920 extended to Clare and . In a crucial judgement, R. (Egan ) v ki/Restoration_of_Order_in Tipperary and Kerry Macready, the Irish Courts ruled that the Act did not give power to _Ireland_Act_1920 impose the death penalty. On Saturday 11 December 1920, Martial law was declared in County Cork. On the same morning six IRA Volunteers took up position on Dillon's cross and ambushed two lorry loads of Auxiliaries of K Company who had left Victoria Barracks to enter the countryside north of the city. The Lorries were ambushed using Mills Bombs and revolvers which resulted in the death of one Auxiliary (Spencer Rougier Chapman) and eleven others wounded. Outraged at the attack, Auxiliaries from K Michael Collins House + Company proceeded to raid and burn homes in the Dillon’s Cross area. http://www.corkpastandpr The Auxiliaries then spread out their attacks on civilians throughout the City 11/12/1920 esent.ie/history/timeline- city as they made their way to the centre of the City. Cork was one of 1918-1923/1920.html and four counties that had a Military curfew in place. Just before 10.00 pm, Barry Keane sporadic gunfire and bombs were reported in the city centre. Just after 10.00 pm Grants & Co, outfitters and general warehouse, on St Patrick's Street was ablaze. It is believed that the building was set on fire by the Auxiliaries who were using incendiary bombs within the city. A party of Auxiliaries also followed the trail of the Ambushers to Delaney's farm and proceeded to shoot two brothers, Joseph Delaney and Cornelius Delaney, as well as injuring their elderly uncle. The arrived and began to battle the fire. By 12.30 am the Munster Arcade and Roche’s Stores were now also ablaze. The Auxiliaries prevented the Fire Brigade from putting out burning buildings with force and fired at people attempting to retrieve property. A Contingent of the under the command of Captain Myers arrived to assist. At around 6.00 am City Hall and the Carnegie Library were set alight and totally destroyed. Cook Street, Winthrop Street and were almost totally destroyed and many shops had been looted of their Christmas stock. The British Military on Sunday afternoon posted armed Soldiers along Patrick Street. They also issued a warning to people not to congregate and to keep their hands out of their pockets. It was not till 10.00 pm on Sunday night that the last of the fires were brought under control and extinguished. The main merchant section of the city was in ruin with over £20 Million worth of damage occurring. The Chief Secretary of Ireland, Hamar Greenwood, denied that the Auxiliaries were involved in the rioting, looting and burning of Cork, but because of the mounting evidence against the Auxiliaries, K Company was moved to Dunmanway and later disbanded in March 1921. Bishop of Cork Horrified by the escalation violence, the R. C. Catholic Bishop issues and Excommunication 12/12/1920 excommunication decree to anyone 'who organises or takes part in N/A Decree ambushes or murder or attempted murder' Auxiliary officer from K Company kills a boy ( Tadhg Crowley) + a priest, Dunmanway - two Martin Millerick and Barry 15/12/1920 Fr. Thomas J. Magner at Dunmanway. The Officer was later declared fatalities Keane insane + later discharged. Glenacurrane Ambush, just north of Mitchelstown, County Cork. Two https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Lorries of 20 soldiers of the Lincolnshire Regiment were ambushed by ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Mitchelstown - the East Limerick Brigade Column with help from the War_of_Independence and Glenacurrane 17/12/1920 Battalion Column (Cork No. 2) and Mitchelstown Company (Cork No.2 https://www.cairogang.co Ambush - two Brigade). 2 soldiers killed and four wounded; the other soldiers m/soldiers- fatalities surrender and their arms are taken from them. Those killed were Sgt. killed/mitchelstown/mitche Leonard Ellis and Private Joseph Minchin. lstown.html The British government passed the 'Government of Ireland Act, 1920'. https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Government of The Act proposes to partition the island, creating and 23/12/1920 ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ Ireland Act 1920 Southern Ireland, and give each jurisdiction its own Home Rule War_of_Independence parliament. Midleton Ambush - Three policemen were ambushed and killed in Midleton by IRA members 28/12/1920 Barry Keane Three Fatalities - Ernest Dray; Martin Mullen and Arthur Thorp. https://en.wikipedia.org/wi Midleton - burning British government sanctioned "official reprisals". They were begun with 29/12/1920 ki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_ of houses the burning of seven houses in Midleton in reprisal for an IRA ambush. War_of_Independence Date uncertain: Sometime late in 1920, or early in 1921, a British soldier in uniform without badges was caught in the locality: he stated he was a deserter. He was held in arrest for some short time while enquiries were Grenagh - Capture being made. It was eventually decided to execute him after he had been and Execution - 31/12/1920 in custody for two days on the farm of a Matt Donovan of Ballyvalloon, Barry Keane Fatality Unknown situated about 11/2 miles from the village of Grenagh. His remains were buried on the farm. This may be Belchamber missing from Buttevant http://www.cairogang.com/soldiers- killed/belchamber/belchamber.html